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“The Cooldown Gap”
Session 15, Supplemental Gas
LNG
LNG
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· n erna onaPresenter: Jeff Beale
Coauthor: Osifo Akhuemonkhan
May 20, 2009
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Presentation Outline
Introduction
Explanation of “The Gap”
• Preparation
• ryogen c p ng ryou Cooldown / Start-Up Gaps
• LNG Tank Cooldown
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– ·www.CH-IV.com
Offices near Baltimore & in Houston
• Conceptual Design / Pre-FEED
• Front End Engineering Design (FEED)
• ’ ,
• Commissioning / Start-Up Support
• Trainin
• Operations Support
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Introduction – CH·IV International
Recent LNG Terminal Commissioning Experience
• Multiple LNG terminals in Europe
• World’s first GBS LNG import terminal – on going• Dom n on Cove Po nt LNG Expans on
• Energía Costa Azul (Mexico)
ecent ront n ng neer ng es gn• Oregon LNG
• parrows o n
• Downeast LNG• co ec r ca
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Introduction – CH·IV International
Owners Engineering
• EcoElectrica
• Cove Point Reactivation• Lake Charles Expansion
• Energía Costa Azul (Mexico)
• ameron• Piedmont Natural Gas (Peakshaver on hold)
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LNG Terminal Phases
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“ ” ga ons o e ng neer ng, rocuremen an
Construction (EPC) contractor are set early. Typically, limited clarification on the particulars of
commissioning & start-up.
Owner / operator does not recognize what is neededuntil well into the construction.
EPC’s definitions of “needs” does not always agree
with owner.
There in lies the “Gap.”
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“ ”
ng neer ng vs. pera ons
(Too bad it’s not Engineering & Operations)• Engineering – Project Control
• Time & Mone
• Responsibility last 3 – 5 years
•
• Safety & Reliability
•
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pe ean ness er ons ruc on
• Debris and/or standing water usually presentupon completion of construction.
• This can find its wa into valve seats and
compromise the valve integrity.
•
pump bearings and cooling paths.
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ere w a ways e some e r s an poss y
standing water, but how do we minimize theamounts??
• Store i in com onents with end ca s in lace.
• Delay insulation (particularly foam glass) until as
.
• Use valve operating management system, avoidunnecessary open ng an c os ng.
• Keeping inspection covers on when not in use.H
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’ . wner pera or s ou se e s an ar or
pipe cleanliness well in advance ofcompletion of construction (ideally in
contract .
EPC Contractor should provide records
.
Owner/Operator should conduct independentchecks and reviews of piping.
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“ ”
“ ” .
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“ ”
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“ ”
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• At cryogenic temperatures any water (vapor) will.
• Ice can – • Foul strainers
• Scratch “Tight Shut Off” valve seats• Gaul bearings
• Plug pump cooling paths
• Reduce insulation effectiveness
, positive pressure – piping “breathes.”
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Dr out cont’d
LNG Tank Dryout• Typically the responsibility of tank contractor
• Review purging / sparging design• Annular space as well as inner tank
• Must assure systems are completely dried • ax mum - ew po n
• Design review needs to assure adequate testing pointswill be available
• Media
• Nitrogen• Dry Air
– Will require total N2 purge prior to LNG cooldown
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Dr out cont’d
Cryogenic System Dry-Out
• vo one ryout
• If Contractor responsible:• How is dry media provided?
• Assure / Review detailed procedures with logs
• Provide independent confirmation – Acquire “Company” hygrometer
• Areas of concern
– Dead legs
– ow pa o s ruc ons c ec va ves, e c.
– Free water - Low points
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Dr out cont’d
Cr o enic S stem Dr -Out
• If Owner / Operator Responsible:
•
– Heat?
– Pressure cycle
– Low pressure Sweep – Sweep & Soak
• Choice of media
– Nitrogen
–
– Rental dry air units
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Wh C ld ?
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Why Cooldown?
i erentia emperatures
• LNG is “sneaky” fast
“ ”• g eren a empera ure prov es g e pa
• Controlled pipe movement
• 3" shrinkage per 100 feet
• Large diameter pipe bowing
• Can lift pipe off supports
• What’s not “large” diameter?• Pipe anchor / support damage
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rec e y an con rac or
Duration of 24 to 72 hours
Substantial temperature monitoring necessary
oo own contro e y spray contro va ve
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-
Was this planned for?
Use LNG Transfer Line
• • Geysering in cooldown line, need to release the
.
• Choking at spray nozzles
se rec rcu a on ne ava a e
• Smaller pipe, less heat gain• Provide isolation valves in design
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If you are going to flare your cooldown gas,
consider the neighborhood -
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All piping over 10" (8"?) should be pre-cooled.
• What does the EPC say?
. . .Early design
• Once through
• Recirculate using vapor return blowers
• Use cold vapor from tank • Vaporized LIN/BOG/Trickle Cool
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o om on y op on y o
Permanent vs. Tem orar
Local vs. Remote? Or combination?
nsta at on• Dry, continuous contact
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nce co , ry o eep p p ng a way
Avoid thermal c cles and look out for:• Pipe movement
• Insulation breakdown
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Thank youThank you
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Thank youThank you
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-. .
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