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Coop-Modernization in AL. John R. Christy State Climatologist University of Alabama in Huntsville NWS HUN, BHM, MOB. Christy 2002. Christy 2002. Why did Athens warm up by 1.5°C in 1995? No one knows. Russellville: Find the Thermometer. Russellville: Find the Thermometer. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Coop-Modernization in AL
John R. ChristyState Climatologist
University of Alabama in HuntsvilleNWS HUN, BHM, MOB
Christy 2002
Christy 2002
Why did Athens warm up by 1.5°C in 1995?
No one knows.
Russellville: Find the Thermometer
Russellville: Find the Thermometer
No. Alabama Summer Temperature
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
USHCNv1UAH
Christy 2002 (updated through 2006)
Mean TemperatureSoutheast USA 1899-2003
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
Observations BCM CCMA CCMA_T63 CSIRO GFDL_0 GFDL_1 IPSL MIROC3 MPI MRI
ModelsObservation
For high resolution monitoring of Precipitation:
2000+ spatial Degrees of Freedom?
IDEAL: 1500 in AL?
Station siting for applications on radar/satellite calibration, temperature distribution (i.e. chill hours, Tmin etc.), drought monitoring, soil moisture calibration, etc.
COOP-modernization
Goal initially was to put a station in every 20x20 mile grid box = ~150 stations in AL.
New goal is to replace HCN stations (about 1200 US, 15 AL) around the country
30
31
32
33
34
35
-89 -88 -87 -86 -85
County CRN Operating HCN
Automated Stations CRN, HCN
30
31
32
33
34
35
-89 -88 -87 -86 -85
County HCN
Unautomated HCN
Establishing CRN Stations
• NCDC performs Site survey/site selection, installation etc.
• About $50K per station• 3 stations funded over 2 years• Auburn Agricultural Experiment
Stations best siting solution• 1 NE Highlands, 1 Blackbelt
plains, 1 near coast
Installed Pair (14)
Installed Single (59)
Partner sites (3 in AL)
USCRN CONUS Deployments
+ 4 in Alaska and 2 in Hawaii+ 4 in Alaska and 2 in Hawaii
AL Gadsden 19 N, Sand Mountain Research Extension (Northwest Pasture)AL Gadsden 19 N, Sand Mountain Research Extension (Northwest Pasture)34.3 N 96.0 W 1160’’
April 14, 2005
AL Selma 13 WNW, Auburn University (Black Belt Research and Extension Center)AL Selma 13 WNW, Auburn University (Black Belt Research and Extension Center)32.5 N 87.2 W 204’’
May 26, 2005
30
31
32
33
34
35
-89 -88 -87 -86 -85
County CRN Operating
HCN COOP-M Operating
COOP-M Planned
HCN, CRN, COOP-M
30
31
32
33
34
35
-89 -88 -87 -86 -85
County CRN Operating
HCN COOP-M Operating
COOP-M Planned ASOS
AWIS
HCN, CRN, COOP-M, ASOS, AWIS
ALABAMA HCNCOOP ID DV STN NAME COUNTY HPD M D YEAR MODERNIZATION STATUS
011084 7 BREWTON 3SSE ESCAMBIA 12 1 1890
012813 8 FAIRHOPE 2NE BALDWIN 2 2 1918
013160 6 GAINSVILLE LOCK & DAM
GREEN 2 1 1893
013511 6 GREENSBORO HALE 1 1 1855
013816 7 HIGHLAND HOME CRENSHAW 5 1 1892
015749 1 MUSCLE SHOALS FAA AP
COLBERT 2 15 1939
017157 2 ST BERNARD CULLMAN 8 1 1907
017304 2 SCOTTSBORO JACKSON 4 1 1882
017366 6 SELMA DALLAS 1 1 1858
018024 4 TALLADEGA TALLADEGA 11 1 1887
018178 7 THOMASVILLE CLARKE Y 9 1 1891
018323 7 TROY PIKE Y 1 1 1872
018380 3 TUSCALOOSA ACFD
TUSCALOOSA 1 1 1854
018438 6 UNION SPRINGS 9S
BULLOCK 10 1 1867
018469 2 VALLEY HEAD DEKALB 6 1 1885
ALABAMA HCN/COOP-MCOOP ID DV STN NAME COUNTY HPD M D YEAR MODERNIZATION STATUS
011084 7 BREWTON 3SSE ESCAMBIA 12 1 1890 CRN-LITE (AUBURN AG, 2007)
012813 8 FAIRHOPE 2NE BALDWIN 2 2 1918 CRN (AUBURN AG)
013160 6 GAINSVILLE LOCK & DAM
GREEN 2 1 1893 CRN-LITE (SAME SITE, 2007)
013511 6 GREENSBORO HALE 1 1 1855 CRN-LITE (2007)
013816 7 HIGHLAND HOME CRENSHAW 5 1 1892 PENDING FOR CRN-LITE
015749 1 MUSCLE SHOALS FAA AP
COLBERT 2 15 1939 CRN-LITE (TVA LOCATION, 2007)
017157 2 ST BERNARD CULLMAN 8 1 1907 CRN-LITE (AUBURN AG, 2006)
017304 2 SCOTTSBORO JACKSON 4 1 1882 CRN-LITE (AIRPORT, 2006)
017366 6 SELMA DALLAS 1 1 1858 CRN-LITE (AIRPORT, 2007)
018024 4 TALLADEGA TALLADEGA 11 1 1887 PENDING CRN-LITE
018178 7 THOMASVILLE CLARKE Y 9 1 1891 PENDING CRN-LITE
018323 7 TROY PIKE Y 1 1 1872 PENDING CRN-LITE
018380 3 TUSCALOOSA ACFD
TUSCALOOSA 1 1 1854 PENDING CRN-LITE
018438 6 UNION SPRINGS 9S
BULLOCK 10 1 1867 PENDING CRN-LITE
018469 2 VALLEY HEAD DEKALB 6 1 1885 CRN-LITE (WATERWORKS, 2006)
ALABAMA COOP TO HCN
COOP ID DV STN NAME COUNTY HPD M D YEAR MODERNIZATION STATUS
3 CLANTON CHILTON 3 14 2007 CRN-LITE (AIRPORT)
1 COURTLAND LAWRENCE 5 4 2006 CRN-LITE (AIRPORT)
2 GUNTERSVILLE MARSHALL 5 4 2006 CRN-LITE (SAME SITE)
1 RUSSELLVILLE FRANKLIN 8 15 2006 CRN-LITE (AIRPORT)
013159 2 GADSDEN 19NW DEKALB 4 14 2005 CRN (AUBURN AG)
HCN 8 FAIRHOPE 2NE BALDWIN 7 13 2006 CRN (AUBURN AG)
6 SELMA 13WNW DALLAS 5 26 2005 CRN (AUBURN AG)
Establishing COOP-M, HCN Stations
• Funding from congressional appropriation FY05: 2 CRN, 7 CRN-Lite
• Desire for stations that meet federal standards for operations and climate
• COOP-M Site selection committee NWS/HQ, NWS/SR, NWS/WFO, NCDC, SC, others
• Selected equipment utilized by CRN network, dubbing the stations as “CRN-Lite” - Geonor gauge and triple-platinum resistor thermisters, NIST calibrated, double aspirated. Wind at some sites.
Establishing COOP-M, HCN Stations
• Site survey/site selection are 99% of the effort
• AL situation: NWS personnel performed surveys (about 10 per WFO)
• Repeat surveys are the norm• USHCN stations are priority for COOP-M• What about the COOP station number?
Should be different from old HCN for overlap studies and archiving of simultaneous data
Establishing COOP-M, HCN Stations
• FY06 appropriation for 1 additional CRN ~45K (Gulf-Coast) and 7 COOP-M (~$25K each)
• 11 COOP-M and 3 CRN now operating• 2 sites approved, 5 more to finish the
15 HCN stations• 4 new COOP-M commissioned as HCN
and 2 new CRN expand original HCN network in Alabama from 15 to 21
Valley Head HCNBackyard Station
High-risk reduction precipitation gauge in small wind shield
Selected other instruments are added to this climatemonitoring station as needed
Data logger & power controlOne ventilated
radiation shield containing three
high-precision temperature sensors
Satellite Communications
New Historical Climatology Network Station for Regional-Level Climate Monitoring (Valleyhead, Northern Alabama)
Wetness sensor
Scottsboro Before:Radio Station
Scottsboro After:Municipal Airport
Russellville Before
Russellville After:Municipal Airport
0.53.°
°°
°°
°
°°
°
°°
°
°
°
°
0.36
0.47
1.18
0.050.06
0.530.33 0.04
0.01
0.090.01
0.62
0.17
June 1-12, 2007 Total Precipitation (Inches).
° USCRN Stations
° HCN-M Stations
°0.73
°
0.02
0.41°
87 (90)°
°°
°°
°
°°
°
°°
°
°
°
°
91 (98)
90 (98)
90 (95)
92 (98)95 (101)
94 (100)93 (100) 94 (99)
87 (91)
89 (92)89 (93)
89 (92)
89 (93)
June 1-12, 2007 Average Max Temps °F and (12 Day Max).
° USCRN Stations
° HCN-M Stations
°90 (98)
°
89 (93)
90 (93)°
22 46°°
°
°°
°
°
°
°
°°
°
°
°
°
29 6
30 3
37
30 2 31 131 1
31 233
24 19
29 9
23 3125 21
23 33
26 22 ° 27 15
April 7-10, 2007 Event Minimum Temperature °F, and Number of Hours Temperature < 32° .
° USCRN Station
° HCN Station
25 15
23 18
° °°
26 14
30 5°
N Alabama / SE Tennessee Apr 5, 2007 (Before freeze)
Courtesy Dr. Mike Helfert NCDC
AL
TN
GA
DEC
HSV
N Alabama / SE Tennessee April 8, 2007 (After Freeze)
Courtesy Dr. Mike Helfert NCDC
AL
GA
TN
DEC
HSV
Future Plans
• If money request comes through:
• Add 5 more stations, 2 in TN• Expand current stations with
humidity, soil moisture, wind • Begin data analysis and
overlap comparisons for homogenization effort
Scottsboro
Russellville
Courtland