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University of Malta

Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

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UNITED NATIONS -ONFEREN-E ON -.IMATE-/AN0E

ME-'(&&* EN!IRONMENTA. EN0INEERIN0

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Conference of the Parties – twenty fist session

The conference reached its goal when for the first time in history a universal agreement, the ParisAgreement, defined measures to reduce the effects of climate change, which was approved byacclamation by almost all countries. The treaty will become legally binding if at least 55

countries representing at least 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions have become part of it bythen signing ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. The agreement governs the periodfrom the year 2020. According to the organi ing committee, the outcome was essential to limitglobal warming to below 2 degrees !elsius by 2"00, compared to before the industrial era.

the #ntergovernmental Panel on $ !limate !hange researchers agreed in 200& that a treaty wasnecessary to avoid serious climate disasters and that, for this, it would be necessary to reduceemissions of greenhouse gases by between '0% and (0% in 2050 compared to 20"0, in additionto achieving the ero level by 2"00. )owever, this target was e*ceeded by the final versionformally accepted into the Paris Agreement, which is intended to also pursue efforts to limit the

temperature rise to ".5 + ! . The final version of the treaty does not provide specific targets for emissions. )owever, this ambitious goal re uires a ero emissions by 2050, some scientists say.-efore the conference, "' national climate panel presented public pro/ects of climatecontributions #ntended ationally 1etermined !ontribution, # 1! . These suggestedcommitments could limit global warming to 2.( + ! by 2"00. 3or e*ample, the 4uropean $nionsuggested that # 1! are a commitment of a '0% reduction in emissions by 20 0 compared to"&&0 levels

There are no uic6 or magical solutions to climate change. The climate challenge is one of themost comple* the world has ever faced. )owever, climate change are now on the global agenda

and the leaders of countries, cities, private sector, civil society and religions who are ta6ingaction.

1uring the process of preparation of the conference, more than "50 countries submitted nationalcarbon reduction targets in the atmosphere 7 which represents &0% of global emissions. Anagreement in Paris is not a point of arrival, but a starting point decisive in how all countries 7wor6ing together, based on a transparent and legal agreement 7 will trace a path to limit the risein global temperatures to less than 2 + !, as established internationally.

8ithout a global agreement, it will be difficult 7 if not impossible 7 to achieve international

cooperation on climate change. 9nowing that climate change is a problem that crosses borders,our ability to limit them to safe levels will be reduced.

#t is realistic to e*pect concrete results of the Paris conference: To answer this uestion we mustremember that wars win on the battlefield, not on peace conferences that gather at the end of them. -attles are ta6ing place in many countries for governments to adopt measures to reduce

pollution in general and emissions of greenhouse gases in particular.

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commitments and mitigation. The # 1!s show how much countries are already prepared to do;it is a voluntary process and not an imposition coming from the top of the internationalcommunity.

Actions to reduce pollutant emissions and cope with the impacts of climate change are being

made at great speed. The Action Agenda ima7Paris is a /oint initiative that includes the 3renchand Peruvian presidency of the !BP, the $ s Bffice and the

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disasters and rise in sea level is a good mar6eting to promote common communication among allcountries.