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Basic Life SupportBasic Life Support

CPRCPR

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IntroductionIntroduction

x Mr. Kx ASU basketball gamex Student: You saved my childs lifex Introduce Annie

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CPR Training PrecautionsCPR Training Precautions

x Do not practice on a personx

Clean faces properly after eachusex Alcoholx Bleach wash

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Do Not Use A Manikin If:Do Not Use A Manikin If:

x Cold or sore throatx Known positive hepatitis B

or Cx

Infected by HIV or AIDSx You have an infection

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CPRCPRx Combines rescue breathing andchest compressions

x Revives heart (cardio) and lung(pulmonary) functioning

x Use when there is no breathing andno pulse

x Provides O2 to the brain untilACLS arrives

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How CPR WorksHow CPR Worksx Effective CPR provides 1/4 to

1/3 normal blood flowx Rescue breaths contain 16%oxygen (21%)

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Start CPR ImmediatelyStart CPR Immediately

x Better chance of survivalx Brain damage starts in 4-6

minutesx

Brain damage is certain after10 minutes without CPR

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Do Not Move the VictimDo Not Move the VictimUntil CPR is Given andUntil CPR is Given andQualified HelpQualified HelpArrivesArrives

x unless the scene dictatesotherwisex threat of fire or explosionx victim must be on a hard surfacex Place victim level or head slightly

lower than body

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Even With SuccessfulEven With SuccessfulCPR, Most WontCPR, Most WontSurvive Without ACLSSurvive Without ACLS

x ACLS (AdvancedCardiac LifeSupport)

x

ACLS includesdefibrillation,oxygen, drug

therapy

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Survey The Scene,Survey The Scene,then: RAPthen: RAPx R -

Responsivenessx Tap shoulderand shout Are

you ok?

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RAPRAPx A - Activate EMS ( if unresponsive)

x YOU - call 911 come back and let meknow what they said (another can stay by

the phone)x You may have to make the call

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RAPRAPx P - Position on backx All body parts rolled over at

the same timex Always be aware of head andspinal cord injuries

x Support neck and spinal

column

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ABCDABCDx Airwayx

Breathing x Circulation - Bleeding x Disability (keep this in mind from

the beginning)x If victim is unconscious but does

display vital signs, place on left side

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Checking Vital SignsChecking Vital Signsx A Airway

x Open the airwayx Head tilt chin lift

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B Check For Breathing B Check For Breathing

x Look, listen and

feel forbreathing x No longer than

10 secondsseconds

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Breathing Breathing x If the victim is not breathing,

give two breaths (1 second or

longer)x Pinch the nosex Seal the mouth with yours

x If the first two dont go in, re-tilt and give two more breaths(if breaths still do not go in,suspect choking)

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Breathing: Mouth ToBreathing: Mouth To

Nose (when to use)Nose (when to use)x

Cant open mouthx Cant make a good sealx Severely injured mouthx Stomach distension

x Mouth to stoma(tracheotomy)

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CompressionsCompressionsx After giving breathsx Locate proper hand position for chest

compressionsx Place heel of one hand on center of chest

between the nipples OR

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CompressionsCompressionsx Using both hands, give

30 chest compressionsx Count 1, 2, 3

x Depth of compressions: 1.5 to 2 inches

x For children: to 1/3 ofchest depth and use 1 or2 hands (keep one hand

on forehead if possible)

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CPRCPRx After 30 chest compressions

give:x 2 slow breathsx Continue until help arrives or

victim recoversx If the victim starts moving:

check breathing

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When Can I Stop When Can I StopCPR?CPR?

x Victim revivesx Trained help arrivesx Too exhausted to continuex Unsafe scenex

Physician directed (do not resuscitateorders)x Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes

x (controversial)

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When to Stop CPR When to Stop CPRx Victim revivesx

Replaced by another rescuerx Too exhausted

x Trucker

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Two Partner Two Partner

CPRCPRx Rescuer 1:

x RAPABx Rescuer 2:

x place hands for compressionsx Compression rate: 30:2x Switch off when tiredx 1 and 2..4 and change

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Checking for CPRChecking for CPR

EffectivenessEffectivenessx Does chest rise and fall with

rescue breaths?x Have a second rescuer check

pulse while you givecompressions

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Why CPR May Fail Why CPR May Failx Delay in startingx Improper procedures (ex. Forget to

pinch nose)x No ACLS follow-up and delay in

defibrillationx Only 15% who receive CPR live to go homex Improper techniques

x Terminal disease or unmanageabledisease (massive heart attack)

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Injuries Related toInjuries Related to

CPRCPRx

Rib fracturesx Laceration related to

the tip of the sternumx Liver, lung, spleen

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Complications ofComplications of

CPRCPRx Vomiting

x

Aspirationx Place victim on left sidex

Wipe vomit from mouth withfingers wrapped in a clothx Reposition and resume CPR

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Stomach DistensionStomach Distensionx Air in the stomach

x Creates pressure against thelungs

x Prevention of Stomach Distensionx Dont blow too hardx Slow rescue breathingx Re-tilt the head to make sure the airway is

openx Use mouth to nose method

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Mouth to Mouth Barrier Mouth to Mouth Barrier

DevicesDevicesx Masksx Shields

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If You Are Afraid to PerformIf You Are Afraid to Perform

CPRCPRx Call EMSx Open the airwayx Give chest compressions

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Choking Choking x The tongue is the most common

obstruction in the unconscious victim(head tilt- chin lift)

x Vomitx Foreign body

x Balloonsx

Foodsx Swelling (allergic reactions/ irritants)x Spasm (water is inhaled suddenly)

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How To RecognizeHow To Recognize

Choking Choking x Can you hear breathing orcoughing sounds?

x High pitched breathing sounds?x Is the cough strong or weak?x Cant speak, breathe or coughx Universal distress signal (clutches

neck)x

Turning blue

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Recognizing Choking Recognizing Choking

#2#2x A partial airway obstruction

with poor air exchange shouldbe treated as if it were acomplete airway blockage.

x If victim is coughing strongly,do not intervene

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Conscious Choking Conscious Choking ( ( Adult Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Adult Foreign Body Airway Obstruction ) )x Give 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich

maneuver)x Place fist just above the

umbilicus (normal size)x Give 5 upward and inward thrustsx Pregnant or obese? 5 chest thrusts

x Fists on sternumx If unsuccessful, support chest with one

hand and give back blows with the otherx Continue until successful or victim

becomes unconscious

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If You Are Choking AndIf You Are Choking And

You Are AloneYou Are Alonex Use fistx Use corner of furniturex Be creative

If Victim BecomesIf Victim Becomes

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If Victim BecomesIf Victim Becomes Unconscious AfterUnconscious AfterGiving ThrustsGiving Thrustsx Call 911

x Try to support victim with

your knees while loweringvictim to the floorx Assessx Begin CPRx After chest compressions,

check for object before givingbreaths breaths

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You Enter An Empty RoomYou Enter An Empty Room

And Find An UnconsciousAnd Find An UnconsciousVictim On The FloorVictim On The Floor

x What do you do?x Assess the victim (RAPABC)

x Give CPR if neededx After giving compressions:

x look for object in throatx then give breaths

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CPR for InfantsCPR for Infants

(Under 1 Year of Age)(Under 1 Year of Age)x Same procedures

(RAPAB) except:x Seal nose and mouth or

nose onlyx Give shallow puffsx

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CPR: InfantsCPR: Infantsx RAPABx Give CPR

x Press sternum 1/2 to 1/3depth of the chest

x

Use middle and ring fingerx 30 compressions to 2x If alone, resuscitate for 2

minutes then call 911

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Choking:Choking:

Conscious InfantsConscious Infantsx Position with head

downwardx 5 back blows (check for

expelled object)x 5 chest thrusts (check

for expelled object)x Repeat

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Choking: UnconsciousChoking: Unconscious

InfantsInfantsx If infant becomes unconscious:x RAPABx

When the first breaths dont go in, check forobject in throat then try 2 more breaths.x If neither set of breaths goes in, suspect

chokingx Begin 30 compressionsx Check for object in throat (no blind finger

sweep)x Give 2 breaths

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SIDSSIDSx 5000 per yearx Affects more males than femalesx No know causex No indication of problemx

Usually occurs during the sleepduring first 6 months of lifex Place baby on back (now, side)