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BIONICBIONIC EYESEYES

Towards creating the joy of sight for the blind

Presented by :

M.Girijavani G.parimala3/1 ECE 3/1 ECE

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CONTENTSCONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONDESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

EYE IMPLANT WORKSEYE IMPLANT WORKSCONDITIONSCONDITIONSFOUR PROCESSES FOCUS LIGHT RAYSFOUR PROCESSES FOCUS LIGHT RAYSCORNEAL TRANSPLANTSCORNEAL TRANSPLANTSHOW IS VISION IMPAIREDHOW IS VISION IMPAIRED

ENGINEERING DETAILSENGINEERING DETAILSFACTSFACTSCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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IntroductionIntroduction

we talk of artificial intelligence that has created waves of interest in thefield of robotics. When this has been possible, why not artificial vision?It is with this dream that I present this paper on Bionic Eyes .

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DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

Ma ny types of artifici al eyes h ave been designed and rese arch is sti llgoing on . T here is no st andard mode l in this c ase . R esearchers areworking out different types of concepts .

EXAMPL

E:T he prototype de vices are 2 mi llimeters across and cont ain some 3,500

micro photodiodes . Placed behind the retin a, this co llection of mini aturesolar cells is designed to con vert natur al light to e lectric al sign als, whichare then tr ansmitted to the br ain by the rem aining he althy p arts of the

retin a.

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EYE IMPLANT WORKSEYE IMPLANT WORKS

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CONDITIONS:

1. An image must be formed on the retina to stimulate its receptors (rods andcones).

2. Resulting nerve impulses must be conducted to the visual areas of the cerebralcortex for interpretation.

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FOUR PROCESSES FOCUS LIGHT RAYSFOUR PROCESSES FOCUS LIGHT RAYS

((form a clear image on the retinaform a clear image on the retina ))

1. Refraction of light rays2. Accommodation of the lens3. C onstriction of the pupil 4. C onvergence of the eyes

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CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS:CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS:

A ntibodies c arried in the b lood h ave n o way to reach thetr ansp lanted tissue, and therefore long-term success fo llowing imp lantsurgery is exce llent .

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HOW IS VISION IMPAIRED ?HOW IS VISION IMPAIRED ?

1. Damage or degeneration of the optic nerve, the brain, or any partof the visual pathway between them, can impair vision.

For example , the pressure associated with glaucoma can alsodamage the optic nerve. Diabetes, already cited as a cause of retinadamage, can also cause degeneration of the optic nerve.

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2. D amage to the visual pathw ay does not always resu lt in total loss of sight . D epending on where the d amage occurs, on ly a part of the visualfield may be affected .

F or example, a cert ain form of neuritis (ner ve inf lamm ation), oftenassoci ated with mu ltiple sclerosis, c an cause loss of on ly the center of thevisual fie ld a condition c alled scotom a.

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ENGINEERING DETAILSENGINEERING DETAILS

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FACTS:FACTS:

After insertion into an eyeball, the polymer film willsimply dissolve leaving only the array behind after a coupleof weeks.

The artificial retinas constructed at SVEC consist of 100,000 tinceramic detectors, each 1/20th the size of a human hair.

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CONCLUSION

Restoration of sight for the blind is no more a dream.E ngineers p lay a major ro le in the design st age of Bionic E yes .

T his paper has tried to present the concept of A rtifici al V ision through an engineers viewpoint .

I t is just a matter of 4 -5 years that the blind will be able to see

through these Bionic E yes; thanks to S cience and T echno logy .

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REFERENCE :

1. Neural Implants First Bionic Eyes by Victor Chase.

2. Anthonys textbook of Anatomy and Physiology -Gary AThibodeau, Kevin T Patton

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