COPY

The ARMY HISTORIAN A PUBLICATION OF THE UNITED STATES AR MY CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY

Number 8 Washington, D.C. Summer 1985

The Bridge at Remagen: A German-American Staff Ride to Study Its Capture

Bmy A. Arllt., .. d 8_. H. S.......,.

JU>I a little over (Of'\)' yar1 ago, on Man:h. 7. 1945. U.S. Army 2<1 Lt . Emmel J. DUrTOWS and his com­panyrommander, 1st L.t K .. , II . Tirnmmnan. stood on I lIill ovcrlooldng tile German "'SOft lown of Rcmagcn and lllrilkd al " 'hat they saw. Far below Ihcm and off 10 the rip. clearly visibk up the Rhine &o<g<: in !he hale, stood the l.udc:ndorff Bridge, still iniac!, spanning the lui major barrier beIW",," the advancing Allies and the heanland of the Third Reietl . Allied planners had not daRd hope for In in­IXI bridge OCrll5:l the Rhine. When they gOllhis one, it w.s not as a K"sult o f . baltle in Iny real $l.'nse, bul rallier of a military accidem. As a miliwy b,c;tklhl'OOl&h, il was more psycholOCical than strategic-an c>.hilaBting morale-booster for the Americans and dc"aslaIingly dcmon.tiring fOf the Gennans. As German generals r~peatcdly told V.S . Army hi ~lorian S.L. A. Marshall after the war, "'Rcmagen killod us. How could il have happened? We are a military people. We Ire not that cardess."

Forty years laler , WCSl Germanslnd Ameriun!I are friends and allies cooperating in a wide variety offlClds-ooe of them thaI of military hi~tory. This pail May, 1"'-0 U.S. Army hi ~torians. together wilh 5tHn U.S. Army offars. joined 150 German Army omccrs and NCOs to Sludy wllal did llappen around Re~gen on theground ,,'Ile~ the hislory was made . CIlIcda military hisloricallerrain study. tile project was $poll$Ored by the German lIeeresamt (Army orfo«), an organizalion llaving no euet counterpart in Ille U.S. Army bul which would roughly corres­pond lOa DrparunmI of the Army-level agency oom­bining the Tnining and Doctrine and Army Materiel Comrruonds. The Il ecresamt invited American par­tici['lQ\ion 10 tell the $.tory o f the capture of the bridge from tile Ollle r side of the hill- in this case. ours.

Maj. Gen. Cllarles J . Fiall_ U.S. Army. Europe (USA REUR), Chicfof Sta ff, approved cooperalion of the: command's Military Hi$lory OffICe in the proj­«t. Even al the farlieSl stages of the planning, it " 'as

clear th.at the~ "'ere enoonous pins 10 be made from such I project, combining as it would the military Itistory _ of t,,'O ofllle higt.eg aUied lle"dq"3r1ers in Europe.

The principal cain ,,'ouk! be the opportunity af­forded the participantS in tile eonferellCC 10 analy.:e tile operations of both. opposing forces at Rcmagcn in lerms o f tactics a nd lerrain . Secondly. the pro;­IXt would conlribute 10 intcropernbility hcl,,«n

AnlCrican and Gennan foro:.:,. "'I nteroperability,"' I buzz,,'ord of the 1970s, is d.ef",ed as tile capability of one armed force to inlerchange services" ith the .rrrw:<l forces of other IlIied nations. It It", httn a facl oIlife ;" the NATO a1lianoe for the last "'" yeaTS, but it had not playw lUdI • formal role in military history education in Europe IIMil tlle Rmtag~n pro­j«1. Occasionally, American and German sister unit$ in tile USAREUR Pan~rship Program 1Ia,'c done combined $Iaff rides over r:.uropean banlefoclds un(kr the dir<".Ction o f their own chains of oomm.rmd and with the t<".Chnkal assistance of lhe USA REV R Miliwy lI is10fy Offa. hut tile Rcmagcn project was the ftot lime thaI professional V .5 . Army hiSlorians .... rre dirtClly in"olved .

Set.' Rt.'m"8cn , p. 4

u.d.ndorff Brid,. from al~p !"fHk, u]. IU.s. Arm, pJoa ' o)

EDITOR'S JOURNAL

We rQUnd off IWO run of The Ann)' lIi$lorillll wilh this. lite eighth quaflerly i~k>C. This lime. Biny Arthur and B~ Sinnon pro'o'w • k-' article ~. ing how for a relatively $.mall inve~m"l11 in ~rces I history offICe is able to demon/TIlle 10 the military community the immediale value of history 10 pro­fessional dcvdopnllelll. Terrain ,,'alb are prolifer­aling lhrougboullllc Army now, 3$ commander. and teachers rU'ld new rdc'QlICC in learning abouI old b.'u. lies on the ground where tlIc:y were fough!. Readers who ha'"e been with us for I .. 'hile will remember Will iam Glenn Roberuon'. fine piece on staff rid« at the Comm.tnd and Oenenl Staff College in the Wimer 1984 ,"...e. We'll be happy 10 provi<kCQPic$ on requesl 10 those ... 110 missed il . As with !he usc o f military history oku<;hllll'nl$, methods of advan­cinJ profe55iona1ism through unit hiwx, progBrm. and applictlions of . 'the new military hirury ••• SUI(( rides are an Iru where ,,"C're beginning to iIC­

complish whal we r.cl 00110 do w ilh this periodical: generate I rcaI e~ of ideas on how I\istory can serve the Ann)' .

Although 1M Army lliSforian doe$ IlOl feature book reviews. I woul d like to nJake a br j(, f a!)ide on I "a1uab1c idditioo 10 the Litcmure 0( \he profc:s.siol1 of Itms. Presidio Press has publ ishe<;l a book called PIa/()Oft lLatkr, by James R. McDonousn. The dUY jacket has the t ~pical recommendation from an allthorit~ in the fock!. This parl j(,lIlar authorit~ is Charles B. MacDonald, an old friend. outM~nd;ng milita/)' historian, and Center alumnus. " I ha'~ waited for KIITICOIle to do for Ihe platoon leader what I tried thiny-cight years ago 10 do for the compilny conunander.·· he writes. "Now James Mc Donough ha!) IM)I. onl~ done it ; he has done it in I w.y that ClnllOl be beat . It will boromc: a c lanie." Th is is not just dust jacket hype. McDonough has wrinen an e~tremel~ valuable book on basic leadetlhip which should b«:orne. primer fOf company grade o fflCCfl entering I new command.

Perhaps the boot::: pMIitularly appealed to InC'

because I cou ld follow my own expuien<:« as a /eplaccll'lCnt o ff tar \.li king eommand o f a weapons platoon which had parlj(,ipalod in Ihe Normandy land­in&$. McDonough's work onc:e qain drives home the fact thaI although the kssons of our great (and. in mis case:, linle) captain:;; e..noI fully replace ac· tual combat upc~n<:e. the sn>dy o f operations and !he eumples of leadership pI"O"ides!he best possi­ble substitute. And in my use, at leas\, Lieutenanl McDooough's upcricnces in \liking command ... ·ere

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c1O$C enough to ... hatl had encounlered in Norman. dy to COllv jOCC l1Ie of lhoc Ijmelcssneu o f !be prin_ ciples o f leadership.

B.E.K.

The ARMY HlSTORJAN 1M Arm) lfiJwrimo (iSSN 07~8-2299) is publi\htd by \he o.pottmcnI o(\he Army. U.S. Am»'CfnlCr of Milita/)' lI i!lory. Opinions c.pr.ssOO in llIis piblication do not nc<:eUIrily ren..:t the off.dal policy of the !)cpa"me'" of Deferuc. lhe 0.1'1'". "",01 of lilt. Army. or the CtftlCr 0( Milowy IliAory. Tho: Iql<O(\Ioction 0( arti<~ for t<JucationaJ pIIl"f'(l6a i, to>oou r""t<J.

S«r~UUy of Ihr " no) John O. ManII, J, .

Ooir/o/ /ffi/j,IUY Ifl"ory Bri,. Gtn. William A. SIOIft

Oolrf II/J/ori_ Dr. o.."jd F. Tralk

Edi'<w Dr. Brook.! E. Kkbe.

MQItIlging &Ii/or BOICe Djn"",r lI. rdctill.

C~ and IUbscriptioo re<p.ICW >I>oold be add,esor:d to M .... alft' Editor . 1~ A,,,,, Ills,,,",,,,, U.S. Annyc....er of Military 1I;~ory, 20 M.OUIC~u","" A""n .... NW. W • .tIington, DC 20)1 4..(1100. Ttkl'h<- AUTOVON 2U- I278 or fOII\l'I'otfcio (202) In-ml. Uoc 0( fund> for print. ift, t~if publication has been approved by the !)cparun .... : 0( lilt. Am»' 011 Sepltmber 17. 1983. in accordanu with the p,ovi'ion~ of A R 31G-1. Third .d&$$ JIO"I..O&C paid al W:l$hinl'OII, DC.

CIII for Arlkles

1M A"", His/Orioll is seeki", "" icles of (rom 300 to 2.~ "vrdl ror publication in (u,un: il'''''. Ar­ticles on wch topics IS Army historir::ol ..,.i'·;lits. ""rre", It$Qtth . Iht IUd of military hiltory Ind itJ posit jon in Iht Army. pUI commander,' uSC of ~ory. m.iliwy hi~y. pr"lralm ....... moting hiS10ricai minde<l ...... and prof ... iona/ readina ..., bein& ooooWen:d. AcuplOd ~ are edited for daril)' and sui .. bjlity. "'" .""1}' d · fort is made to pr=~ the author.' individual ""lei. """'re poMibie, photographic prinIJ <tll,ed to the a" icles would be ""I}' helpful . and will be ,etumod 10 IUthors or ~ed 1fIlI/Il/...:, ;pt. upon '~. Manuscripts Ihould be doublespacod. in ''''0 «Jpia . ...:companied by a da)"lime ICIepI>oo>t """""', and a brier dcs<:riplOl1 0( ,he ... ·rit.r·. rur­ren, posi.ion. and .. tit 10 ~'"lI&&i", Editor. 71Ir A"", HiMoritM. U.S. Army CfMC' of Military Ili uo, y. 20 Masurhu $C tts Avenue. NW. Wa.<hi"i'OII. DC 2031 4-0200.

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CHIEF'S BULLETIN Willi ... A. Stolh

It i& a greal hooor 10 have been named the U.S. Army's Chief of Military History. The C~mcr of Military History is. as il hali always been. a true center of e~cclknce in the study of our Army's past and of the profession of arms.

This is. I11OTC()ver. an «cdlem lime 10 be invol\'oo ill military history in the AmI)'. There is a determined effon underway 10 provide Army leaders with the Icgirinwl1e "Iaboratory of war" critical w !he syslemalic and progressive development of clear­thinking and resolute bank caplllins. The Anny has come 10 realize thaI jUM as hislOry is the memory of mankind, military hiStory is the memory Qf ou r professiOfl.

AI 00 time since World War \I has there been stronger suppon or mOre c reative C!>C fgy rommit­red to the sy,tcmatic slIld)' and use of military history in the Army. 11Ie study of our professional pas! is n""rishing in the Army's schools. in ilS unils. irs staffs. and elsewhe re. Each month, se~eraJ hi&lOficai sta ff rides and banlefie!d tours are being conducted in tile United Slates and o~eneas. Celebrations and memorializalions of the American Am 'Y'S proud bat­lIe heri lage occur somewhere allllO$l dai ly . The number of historical inquiries coming 10 the Center from soldiers and Ihc general public has almost doubled in tile lal;t yfW, many o f them originating in new Army units with substantial herilages of Ihcir own-lhe A~ialion Branch. tile 75th Rangers. the 10th Moumain Division. and the 35th Infantry Divi ­sion, to name a few. BoIh the Army National Guard and the United States A rmy R=rve ha~e strong mililary hi story detachments now numbering almost 20. supplementing the efforts of the Annfs only ac­li~e duty MHO at Fwces Command. The Center·s involvement in the 1985 Military Hi story Detach· ment Training Workshop. hek! at Carlisle Barracks Ihis past July, is indicati ve o f the cmphasis we plan to place on this crucial aspecI of the Armfs hi&lorical efforts.

All this ac1ivity is the direct resuit of the oon­vergena: of two imponant forces: enlightened senior Army leadership by men of vision and the efforts of Army historians. S<xretary Marsh . General Wiclr.ham. Deputy C hief ofSlafffor Operations U. Gen. Carl Voono, and commanding generals of Ma­jor Commands around tile globe have understood clea rly the complex nature o f history and have ap­preciated the significance to lhe A rmy of ilS serious study and application. O ver the past tWO decades. a small but incredibly gifted. productive. and selness group o f soldier and civilian scholars has dedicated

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itself to training Army leaders. to teaching. and to writing about America's proud military pa&l. Army hislOrians II:lvC acoompl ime.J this metkulous. 1ll0s11y anonymous and unsung task brillianlly. They lIave ofkn done lhe job on Illeir own iniliatives. OUt of dedicalion to lheir profession and to the Army. The lask was accompli >hed bc<;~usc lhe players ~ncw it was right and decided to get on "ilh it.

I ha,·c thoughl a greal deal about tho: responsibilities my new position carries with u and I accept them fully. We al the Cenler musl bring lhe past to li fe by bringing life to the palt. making mililary hi story wor~ for OU r Arm~ and for the nation. This is what the Center has been doing for decades and whal it will oontinuc to do. We will record the Army". o f­ficial history to delem,ine for lhe record what hap­pened. how it happelled. and why it happened. W e will conlin...: to anticipate the needs of Anny leaders and 10 respond energeticaUy. W e will continue to preserve, protecl, and ma1:e available our Anny". maler;al and cultural heritage-its techoology. an. and literature. We will ass;&I in Ihc training and education of Army leaders in the an and lCience of war-not to lhe glo ry of war. but b«ause the study of military hiwxy is integral to the intellectual dimen­sion indepensible to the lrue profession of anns. Finally, ,,-,: will conlinue 10 recognize a legitimate constiluency outside lhe am,y and respond 10 it. as well. The A m,y has played a prominent role in the evolution of the RepIlblic from its earliest days, and the record of WI panieipalion is important.

I bavejoined ~n active and vital organwuion. one lhal is mature. purp:>SCful. and well -focused. and one Wt was splendidly led since November 1984 by Col. Palrick Holland. Our taSk oow is Quite simply to place military history al tlte service of the Army­to be limely , thorough. responsive. and t",e to the sources. I am committed 10 Ihis eITon and in it for lhe long haul.

Promotion~ at USMA The President hu nominaled and the Scn.1le has confirll"lCd Col. Roy K. Fl inl 10 the posI of D<an of lhe Aoademic Boord. United Stales Mitl .. ry Academy. With the positiO/l cOOlCS the rank of Brigadier GefICraI. acflCral Flint. ,,·110 had held the POSl of PI"f.,...,r and Head of lbe Aoademy·, Drpan""'"1 Qf HiscOX)' .... ull"lCd his flCW posilion on August I. Concurrenlly. Lt. Col . Roben A. Doughty. ProfOS$()l" and Deputy Head "r the Orpan­mcnt "f History. ,,-as promOl<:d '0 Col"""j a,.;l a~1l"ICd lhe posI Qf Professor al>(l Head of the Dcpan"",nl. "The promQlions come 10 lwo of the COIlntry·s mo6t dedical<:d offKcr-h,SCorians and auger ""ell fo< ~jSlory . 1 We$! Point a,.;l in ,he Army. Their rolleol\U<'S ., the Center e,lend beany congralula.ions.

R('magcn. From p . I

At the operat;onallevel. intcropcrability came in· to play long before anyooc!.Ct foot on ~ Rcmagen temin. Ahhough vinually all German offICers in tbe Heeresamt undenund English, iI was requested thal the U.S. briefings be in lkrman to facilitate higber COffiprd>ension. As a re.suh, ~ An>erican side chose German " puking officeu 10 allcnd, and manuscriplS-1>OI juSt briefing ~p"rs-had to be pl'tpaml for ~ Iran~la\Orl. All of this ma<k lhe job more limC<0f)5uming than il would have been other· wi!.C. and requin:d careful pl anning and additional re$OUrces. To preclude dupl ~ation and IOcnsure thal pl'ocntalions from both sides wouLd do,·cuil. a number of preliminary meetings were held and outlines elehangro. Finally, a dress rehearsal wu run ~ day before ~ operation 10 eheck everything from bus ruutet to ~ Rhine ferry s.:hedulet.

Planned as an all-day program. tile terrain wal k bevn at 0800 hwrs in an auditorium al ~ Hccrcsamt compound in Cologne:. (j(:nnan briefers d>ere provided an overview of !he Strategic/opera· tioniJ situation as of early· March 1945 as seen from the Gennan perspective. and showed a film o n American and German operations during tbe push 10 IIle Rhioc in February· March . Similarly . the USAREUR briefing at ~ IIccrcsamt compound outlined lhe overall org~niulional suuclure of

Supl'Cmc: IIcadquvters. Allied Expeditionary Foroe; summarized strategic p13nning as of early March; and introduecd the players. from Eisenhower tIuoo&lt Mootgoo>cry and Bradley on down to Ueulenant Timmerman, the commander of A Company. 27th Armored [nfanuy B.:Inalion. the unit that actually ftlS! saw the bridge and liu~mly put the. fir$! American liOIdiers across the Rhine:.

From the Hccrcs.amt compound the. pany traveled in buKS ~ t"'Cnly·fh'c miles KlUth 10 I field ap­proximately 1,000 meters s.oulh o f Ge!sdorf overlookinc the AIIr vallo:y. Here the German briefers discussed the local operational situation and ~ defenses d>e Wehrmacht had available in the area. The USAREUR brief,"g team outlined 9th Anoortd Division's plans, d>e misson o f Task Force Engemann of Combat Command B which spe.ilr· headed d>e drive to RemJgen, and poimed OUt d>e villages along the tOl.ne Medenheim·AdeDdorl'. Andori'·Fritzdorf visible in the disuncc 10 d>e ftQf'Ih.

Because of road construction, il WI$ not ~ible

10 follow the exact route Tu k Foroe Engenwu! took from Meckenht-im 10 Remagen , Bypassing ~ sec· lion of the road from Me(!<enhcim via Adendori and Andorf, the four twes \nInsporting the pan icipanll picked up the route al FrilZdorf, aoo from there follow'ed the pl'CCi~ roads Timmerman·s A Com· ~ny lOOk throu&lt Oeverich, LeimersdQrf, and 8irresdorf loward Remagen . On each bus I guide

BnoN Sit",,,,,, 8,Uy A .ohio •. and. Gu"",~ NCO .,.lIiM Ih. 91h ,01''''0 ...... Di,';';"'" ~ aIII«pt of opr"'lioIu ill , .. " • ....... 01 G~Wo.-f. (C"""lfty /I«~_I)

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npl.i!>f(lthe ~ vt nt$ th~llook place al ' ~rioo$ poinl5 along the rOUle as A Company meed for the Rh;M.

The histo rical nplanations look on sub>laoce at such plact'$ as lllc nut ~op. 1 eountf)' inn ("ailed the Wald !OChl6sschen. s;tu3ted at a point 00 the .oad juSt bc"fOt"e the: sharp bend lcad;n~ to the lulb ide from ... hkh Lieule n.mts 8url'O'oO" I nd Timmerma n firSt looted do",n on the Rhine and found Uw: bridge $I ,ll .tanding . II "'11$ al Uw: Waldschl6»cho:n that Tiln­.... rnI3n Io"iked I $hoeked proprietress. Frau Alimang- in perf«1 <krman- for details of the enemy. The Allmang ehildren beclme thc: $OOrtt of tho: famous pOOoocd food $lory . M Tirrunerman kft the iM. head/:,ed!hat food and medkine be broo.I~ to the family's skkly thildren. but the Alinlilngs woold no( eat it for fur il was poisoned. Later. the tables were turned when Ti~mWl'1 mo:n made: ""ell-meaning Germans taste eapfured ""ine befea they woold drink il. The 1.:lIIer..day stnrr-riders rdi!oh· ed such colorful .stories. ali they did the many inciden· tal facts th.at turned up-fOt" uample that the Allmang family !.Iill owns the Waklschl&schen.

Near the inn. in the small during "here the Amerkan offICers fi~ looked do",n upoon the valley .1Id the bridge. the M~t series o f briefings ,,'as presenled. For the German side. the prescntations detailed the ..Iefcn!OC$ of Rcrnag~n and lhe prepara· lions tQ destroy the bridge; for the U.S. side. the sighting oflhe bridge. 3tliQns taken up the chain of command .• 1Id the app!"<»Ch through Rcmagen 10 the bridge. ilsc:lf, were \!Overed.

Thc IoCtl13.l bridg<:, Qf eoursc, illong since gone. but the bridge 1O'oO-'ers on 00ch ~ of the Rhine roold be ckarly $<'1m from the ~ "hen: the brkrlllV " 'en: given. and il wuasy for lhe INnkipanlS 10 ima~ine !he A .... ricans· sensalioos 00 that Ioog'lgo Mareh morning ",hen !hey saw lhalthc q1an ",as wll5Wld· ing and realiud lhey WQUId hive \(l allempl \(lCrtlU

it . From that van .. point. the group rYlQVed dov.·n tQ the bridg<: tQWCf1i 00 the Rc:ma~n lide, site for the ..... t set Qf brkfings. For the Ge ....... side, there was ~ t«hnical diKussion of the engill(>Cr p~p.an­lions for the delt;ru(1ion of the bridge and the effons tnttl W bring il down; for the American lKk. the briefing deall ",ilh lhe ckdsion IQ cmu,the fi~fighl II the IQWn 'Quare, and the ICI\III cmuing.

From Remagen , the bu.scs crossed the ri ver by fmy \(l Li~ and dn,)\'C to the top of Uw: F.J"PC'kr Ley. the $Ugar-Ioo f block of basahic lava overlooking the bridg<: site on the Rhine's righl bank. TheGermans' briefings on the mounla;n covered Wehnnacht at· tcmpfs w deslmy the bridge and dislodge lhe bridgehead. while the USAREUR bricfina: addressed the up.a.nsion Qf lbe bridgehead and the massive an· tiaireraft defenses esrablished 10 prOlcet it.

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I'ollov.·ing a lunch S('J"\.·oo on the mountaintop (rom a Germa n Anny field Lite""n. 1M jlroup retur ..... d to Rem:lgen for a concluding session in the allditorium Qf the local high school . Hen: 11Ien: "ere some introdllClQl)" remarks by the mayor o( Rtmagen. "ho has e stablished in lhe bridge IQ,,'c rs a museum dedicated IQ p":O« . lie ",as fQIIQ""ed by a jurist from the Hecl"Q.\\/ufs kpI stoIrr. "ho outlined the provisions of ~ law and Wthrrroacht !qUIa· lions in effect in !he spring of 1945. demonstrating that IIIe rourts·nunial Qf the Gc:rnI3n offi~1"$ held responsiblt. for the loss o f the bridge ,,·ne. eIo'tn thm. C"OfIlplctely illeVI. Finally. there ... ·as a scuion on Icssions learned. keyed 10 the pro>'isions of current German Army doctr;1II1 manuals.

Til. e ...... {ro'" abow R~"',,~ i~ Moy 1985.

As far as the USARE UR Military Hi!.lory Office is OOnttmed. lhe UIQSI valuable lesson learned frQm !he terrain " 'al k was !hal opcntt;ons or IhilliOn are no( only viable appl"OOC'hes w intcrnalional coopera­lion in military hiWlry educal;on. bul hig/l!y effec­live ones. Hav;ng rc:prescntali\"~ of forrroerly oppos­ing sides presenl !he action from their different perpec:lives provides I dynamk interplay lhal clear­ly heighlens audit:nce immt. "There lNy. 10 besure, he di rrereoces in interpretation. QI" even in "Ihe factS." (U.S. antiaimafI units. fOI"uampIe. reponed shooI:ing do ... ·n all Gc:rman anxkers on Mareh g. whik the German ....:on! \ho1','S that only eighl Qf ten anad:ing aircraft ,,-ere lost.) But suc:h COOIradk­tions arc themselves part of the learning process. graphically demonStraling how diffICUlt it un he to penetrale the f<>g Q/" war. The real value of !hi$ Iype Qf hi"orical e~~rci$e is, of course. 10 Uw: offICer and NCO panicipanl5. Having secn in !he case Qf Remagen how quick decisions combined w'lh ler· rain 10 bring abou t an event Qf far-reachin, CQ(I$e­

quenees. they will be prepared tQ look on. ~imilar SitUalion using hiSlQry as thei r guide .

BI1J.u Sit""'" iJ C/L;~f lIiJ/orUJn aM Billy Anh~, " hiJ/orian in 'h~ USAREUR Mili/a,., III,wry OJ!ir~. I/tiddbtrg . W~sr r.;tmwn)".

THE COMMANDER AND MIlITARY HISTORY

The Living Legacy of Unit Histo ry

Allu. KlllrJjlJl~i", Uylf. Okl"a .. '(J. The names conjure up images of AlnC'rican 5O]die~ in am· phibious &mulls, from tile frozcn wastes of Aleutian tundra to tile rugged forests of the R)'\Ik)'l.lS- To most people with the inlerest, these hallles Irc found onty in the inanimate pages o f books and yellowed combat jourr'llt.. Bulla the soldien of the lld Infantry regiment, they are living history, pel'3Onified by vderans of the 32d who invited them \0 theif r~nl reunion.

The lsi, 2d, and 3d Bat lalions of today's 32d Infantry, now comprising the 2d Bripde of the 7th Infantry Division (Light), are the lineal descendants o f the old 32d', Companies A, B, and C. Veterans of the Landings I' the 3M's reunion included no less than five World Wir II battalion comman<i<:n, a reiimcnlal ne(:ul;ve offICer •• reaimental su,seon, and the .;:om.

mander of the first company to hit the heaches . 1 Leyle. The c urren t brigade commander and I gave the group.rod their g_1S a slide prr$enta. tion on thc history ofthc regiment, and pTe$Cnt­ed each veteran with a 7th Infan try Divi.$ion patch, unit crest (diMinctive unit insignia), Ind other momen t05. Not 1 very oomplic"ed activo ity, but out of it developed an outstanding rapport between veteran and current membe~ of the unit. The relationshi p is being sustained, with local veterans regularly contacting the active-duty headquaners and providing mlteri­als for the resimentsl mU$oeum and a regimental history now being compiled.

The$e veterans have reincarnated their bat­tles from the history boob. They have vividly recreated the sights, smells, Ind emotions-the human demenlS-of combat. Their recollec­tions have immeasurably contributed to the J2d', espri t de cOfJIII and to building a $oe1lK of communi ty in the unit- an imponant pan of the regimental concept in the Arn'y', New ~flnning S)'$tem. One rCCl"nt Anny study held that an objeetive of the New Manning System

6

"i!!; 10 capilalize upon the mQe;t dislinsuished res'mcntaJ colors 10 obtain the suppon of!iving vete rans and to fu rt her enhance among younger soldiers tile spirit ofbelons'ns ." The 12d Infan. try is taking advantage o f this irrc:plaoeable huma n resou rce, to the benefit of boIh the vetCratl$ and the activNuty soldiers..

Other units can do what the J2d has done in cslablishing con tinuing cOntaclI between put and present members of the re&imenl. An excel. lent $tarting place il to write 10 the Community Relations Division, Office of the Chief of Pub­lic Affairs, DepanfllCnt of the Army, Washing_ ton, DC 203 10, which maintain. a curren t list of al l known veterans' lMOCiation$.

TlwIks to tile veterans, tile pa$t is alive and well for the soldiers of the 32d Infant ry. Even the youngest membc:n of the unit Ire finding in history relevance to their dJ,ily lives. Now cam· paisn strelme~ like "Aleu tian h lands" and "Eastern MandatCf" arc something more, mIlCh mQre, than strip$ of multicolOred cloth attached 10 the resimenuol colo<$.

c.,fH~j~ Rallflt ___ ... Adjulanl <>f 1M 1d 8ripde llh 11l/<1~I" I);";'/on (Ughl). al FMd 0rrI. OJI/flXnl4

2d 8~ ".,.,.""',..,.,. 0>1. JoIt.~ D. 11_'11."" 1'-0 •• ,h .... (ni/ .... ...u, "'I.1ld ",hI) "';IA fYt~"'.1

... ,~"'II.O a~d I.mj/~ •.

TA~ ARMY IIfSTQRfA,,"

PERSPECTIVE Historians and the Defense Policymakers

Th~ Army Hisrorian conlin"". here irs serie. or Il",,;t ~ooUi"",joos 0<1 the SIal. of mil iwy h;",ory. Dr. Cooling, formerly Assi,lanl Di.e<lOf for lliiloricaJ Service •. U.S. Army Mililll.ry HiStory InsliM •. cu,,,,,,,ly "",,'r. as Chief, S"""i.J lIiSiories Br.""h. 100 Senio< HiSiorian for Coni'''''' Progfarru in Ill< Office of Ai. f or •• IliSl",),. Wa,l\ingroo. DC.

In 1947, Army Chid of Staff and subsequent Secn'l:lry of State George C. Marshall told a N~w Yon Tim~$ . cporle. that. " I have fel! in our dealing with Coogress thai one of our greatest troubles is the limilal ;On in thc knowledge of what has happened in the pail." F~h gencnuiono(publicofflCials ver­bally genul1e<;1S toward hlSlory and then SttITlS prom~ly 10 violate its rellenlS in action. Today. we arC told. we have a bener-«Juca,w, bener-informed body of fellow cili~.ns governing us. Yet a crilical task facing all hiSlorians involvod with lfl.e public sec· tor remains how to ensure that governing bodies do OO! nlisapply-thl'QUgh quasi·kJIoo,\oJedge-the lessons oft~ pasl. Th is is especially troe in defense-related maners. where in the face of slogans growing out of half·learned history- "00 more Versailles," "n<;>

more Munichs." "00 more Koreas," "00 more Viet· nams, " - public historians confront a possibly im­poOOerab~ and irresolvableehalknge. In what ways, it therefore seenu reasonable 10 ask, can history be more effectively used by the defense establishment? Are lhere reasons to doubl, it may be added, thai there can actually be a juncture of history and policy in the defcnse area?

Let me stale simply at the OO\set thai my responses to lfl.ese Questions are a product of more than twenty years of work with the Federal govemment, most of which has passed with the historical programs of the U.S. Army and Air Force. Like most civil ser· VaJlts, I I:>co:xne les.s sanguine of genuine acoompli9l­ment as lfl.e years pass. But meanwhile, one muSt labor in the vineyards, ever mindful of the need to strive for an innovative breakthrough or a newap­proach for countering the infidels.

H is tory in t he Defense Estab lishment

Perhaps this mildly jaundiced Depanment of Defense historian will be pardoned for alluding to SOme commentary Tom Shales of Tht Washingron POSI once made about history and television. NOIing how sad it seemed tMt the selling of history to the viewing public was such a back·breaking tasI::. Shales observed that "usually it has to be ho~w up as a multigenerational mini · series with all kinds of soap opera slop." The defense community, too. it

WIl)Ctimes apopears to the defense hi&lorian, exhibits a passion for homogeni1.cd historical pap-some quick·flX, simplified vicw of a Nlrrow slice of a much larger and moreoolllplcx problem. TIle defense com· munilY seems to want nothing tQ do with variables, human foibles, Or the historical milieu of contextual time and pI~. Holistic studies arc 00( the Pentagon's cup of tca. Yet ironically, history seems alive and well in the defense eslablishment. If the past decade is any indkatioo, lfl.e wholesale =alatioo.,r miliwy hiMory wucation, the maturatiQn of more balanced service hiSlorical programs and and an increase in the nunl~r of historian slOis on tables of organiza· tion. as well as almost constant tal ~ aboul "lfl.e value of history" suggest that major &Irides have ~cn laken. None of this, howc,·e r. even when combined with 11 mode&l inc rease: in civilian academic inlerest and participation in military history, should suggest that hi&lOl)" s rdation lQ polieymaking has been im· pro~ed. Quantity-<>f programs, slots. or "'wds­docs OO! automatically guar.lJltce quality Of embrace­ment. Puning it another way. we cannot be SUl't' that hisl0ry in the presem defense: en"ironment is "Ihe right kind of history, ,. bUlthen we may Dever know whether it is nor not. One may 1\01 be far wrong in guessing that the whole business defies quantifica· tion and objecli ve analysis. Undeniably, however. historical awareness is up--espccially among unifooned members of the defense (:(Immunity. What they do with it may be another maner altogether.

It ntay be that the defense: community is at pres· ent using history as much as it is at pr"-"'nt intellec­tually (1lpable of using it. given its mind$Cl$, ilS pro­clivity for action Over renection, and the stale of the government'S historical programs themselves. My perspective mUSt be from the service historical pro­gf3fll$; tOOse of the OffICe of~ Secretary of Defense: and the Joint Chiefs o f Staff may be different. At Iny rate. the Am'y. the Air Force. and the Marine Corps have all tried 10 shape responsive historical programs at both field and headquarters levels. One ""'y quibble about the precise: content of military history courses in service schools from West Point to the War College , but the fact is that what is there now is quantitatively and Qualitatively bener than

wlut "'IS there I docade a&o. One nIay quc:slion why it takes 110 long for those bluc, brown, and green bucluam oHicial histories to emerge from scrvice hhlorkal of rICes. or why so much ""Ofk Iw 10 be done only" for the files" duc to SOCIIrity classirlCa· tions. But the f3( ' remains that they arc being done and have created Mmlething of an in stitu1ional memory for tho5e " '110 want to take tJK, time to usc il. Thus. between educational and data bases. tlte groundwor\!; ofdefense community hi!.lOry i5 in good shape. The service historical offices are having a mc.ao;ure of5llCCC5S in whal they luve §CI 001 to do­providing information and penptttive in order 10 education !heir institutions.

More " Whys" Surveys of o(rlCiaI rICk! historical prog.rams

gcncnJly oonccdoe tJK,ir 51lC«U and their contribu· lions 10 o.miformod oorrunandcn of a~ncie$ and func­tions in all the services. MOi!I. tOmItlil!ldcn. however, wan! lTIOIe " wh)'$" - more up/Moliott of evcnu.-in !heir history_ Il istory and 1tiSIorians. of OOUI"SC. come in different shapes and sizes within these omeial pr0-grams (which include everything from Innua.1 chronolocies to case studies to monographic efforu approaching von Ranlcian scholarship). "The poim here is that most offICial historians and their military bos$e$ fccltlut tJK, field prognms are (\ojn, I good job. On the other hand, Iny number of footnoXed commc:ntS 'o such surve)'$ suggw some fl5Cinatin& impliu,ions beyond statistical body-oountS of suc· cess. Using tltem. it i5 possible 10 offer sets o f historians' and commandcn' "00'1" on how hisIOry might evcn benet help defmse poIifymakCI'$ on bo!h the field and headquarters leveb.

Histo ri a ns' " 00' 5" For hiilori.n!, "00'5" would include the

following: (I) Be custotnc r-orientoo. Build YOllr eonstituen­

cies and be attentive to service. (l) Get out of your offlOC and be ~ of)'OUr unit.

Feel the pulse o f your orgaiUlion and put it. wltere appropriate. in the hislory. Be aggreuive and in­IIO'IWve. Be Icnown. involved, avrlabIe 10 )'OUr staff. and visible to the people in your unit.

(3) Sell history. Have a pamphlet or doeument(s) explaining your scrvices, archival holdings, ac' tivilies. and fil ing system. Ilave QIlCries 5/00wing how history (2rt hc:lp.scaff offooers as wdlas a brief hislory of your organiZltion. Have a briefinj for the suff arid for newoomers' orientation containing such mater;al. Write an article occasionally for the base DC"'paper or luve I display It ~ open houses. Press constantly-but tactfully- to gCl people to ...... history.

(4) Make every effon to uplain "how" and

8

·• .. ,hy·· in ~'oor hi,lories. Alik the commander and chief members o f the ~taff "why" eventS occurC\!. and nuke e"ery effon to uplain the events.

(S) Be conscious o( history beyond your unil . Know tJK, history of your ba.<e and some of the histo!)' o f the local arCI, at "'dl IS the hislory o f parent or&aniutions within your service and the service, ~lr. lIelp with history·related quwions, presc:r_ valion. heriUtJe. and with alumni groups in the local area.

(6) Write not JUSt \0 satisfy hi&her authority. oot above IU be uscfullO yOlir commander . 10 tlte staff. and to your service.

Command e rs ' " Do' , "

Some of the initiativc must rome from the lOp . A sel of wmmandcn' "oo's" would include:

( I) Emphui1..e tlte value o f hi$lory on I regular basis in yourcommander',ulls, yO\ll"commander's conferences. and in staff meetings.

(2) Require yout historian 10 brief i/lClOl1lin& sta ff ofrocen on tJK, historical services available and en­courage new $II ff members \0 read the last year or IWO o f the hiStory in their functional 11"(1$.

(3) Regularly in the decision-making pro<:<:ss. en­oourage your staff 10 consuh history to compare cu r­rent problems and issues 10 ones in the past. and 10

find soiulion$ developed or tried utller. (4) In order 10 ",,,,,ide perspectives on the "wh)'$"

o f evenu, meet with the historian at least once in the writing cycle (i f quanerly) or twice (i f annual). AU; your deputy ehiefsof.scafftouplain the "whys" o f events to the historian. IS well .

(S) Have the chief and depuly chiefs of staff review the history aller it is wriuen \0 fiU in whateve r ""'hy," are ab5cnt (or tJK,ir areas.

(6) If your historian does not receive I sta ff v;Sil from I historian II lhightr level. IUjIICSI such a visit . Every hislorical o ffICe should be visited regularly and its program- not JUSt tJK, history-assessed at luSt annually.

(1) Facilitate tlte automation o f you r history of­fice where possible. With tJK, exception of additional perwnnel, no other single chanJe will help deal with the primary limiUttion on history in the servicc$­tlte historian'$ time.

A D iHer(!nt Prod uct f o r Policymakers?

It may be I diffeKnt story (or the defense c0m­

munity historicaJ programs in Washington, although the "do's" obtain as m",h for the Pentagon as for Camp Swampy. With a certain degree of regu lar_ iI}', the tomei of offICial hiwxy emerge (rom the in­cubators o ( tJK, chicf historiul o fflCCll. It requirn time-anathema to tJK, policymaker- and if produc­tion time is critical. SO 100 is reader lime. (o r the

Tho ARMY HISTORJAN

I

I

offICial nlOOkls • .., ~illlhoK wonderfully .~h and large "green books" or the Arm)",; offlC"l!1 hIstory ofWo.ld War II. Th is is not 10 $.l)' 11131 "quk~ics" and rnooographs do oot also form pan of lhe pro­dlll.'t ddro5c hi~iall$ ddi" ~r IOlllei. supcriofs, But how useful they are, " 'helhcr lhey appear in lime 10 ;nn ucnt:'e policy, and whether policymakc rs read them ~1 all arc 0(,<," qu~ions .

Pcrllaps the onus lies not .... ilh lhe poI ic)n~l;(rs but ,,·jl h the: ofrlcial historical community itliC'lf. ~f( ~ enough words in pri~ in the publil: hiSlOfy journals 10 indicate ways 10 corrCCl tile problem. MO$I official hiSloriall$ have 1011, kllO"'n the ,c~ral solutions. Suv(n Dinc:. Iw pointed OOIIhat Ih(re is "glnt poIenlial demand for hislorical tnowktllC' amon, peTJOflS oooccmed with contcmporary policy issues. if !he rucarch is concep!:uaJized. organi zed and ... rincn in a wly Iha1 IIl«ts thei . needs" ; and James ~r I\u ad<bllhal "hiSloriallS YIould I I lea$! uperiment willl ""w modc:s of presc:nlilion in order 10 1TlCeI ••• Ihe poIicymaker', insistence upon ..,Icvlnce, darity of infonnation, and parsimon y .•• Are they saying that the old models- the Army's gr«n boob. fo r enmpk, or enn the printed word- au ~e7 Will !he .t.orIer, rroorc topicall)' .sensitive works o f !he U.S. Ami)' Combat Studies Institute Or the Office of Air For« History's "Pro­j«I Warrior" and conrract operational hi5«lric$ PfO"e all)' lIKN"e u.seful7 Th.at i5, will anything ne"-cr and $honer be read7 II is 10 be hoped that some happy mediu," betwccn the old models and the newer at· tempes will emerge. Historians. Ilowe~er, will have to help them Of! their way. If. in fact. the defellSl: community does ha"e the capacit), to U5C hislOf)' moll' e««"Ii.'ely (something upon which " .., alllg"", to Klmc extent) . the history will have to be {Xu:t­ogM more innovativdy, IDI.H"C' lllrtctivcly, lea tradi­tionall),. and in a $hone. ~ time.

Work I did several ~ars _gowi!h. rnllc>og\lf , lI . Col. John A. Hi~son , in ~sponse 10 a mj\lfSI from the ComlTlaJld,e r-in-Chief, U.S. Army, Europe, nl/l)' suggest an allCrnIIlC model. 11lc ~ne.al wanted in­formation on how allied amlics opermd logtlhe. in the past. Many mili\.lry historians would Mylc thM ooalition warfare, and thereby make tllei r first mi s\.lkc on Ihis type of assignment. To the military pro fessional. the gene ral was \.lIking about "allkd ;~cropcrabilit)'.··lohn and I wenl wilh the tun..,,,, mili\.lry tCmI. We provided lhe general ,,·;tlt a ron­venlionaJ, shan· fused monographic response o n paper . II con\.linod. 10 be su re. "lesKlIIS karnt>d.·· tC~I , di_graJl\il, maps, footnotes, and bibliosrap/lic citations . We quickly d~red lhal somethincel.se Will needed. We found it necessary 10 provide I sharp, issue-and-answer-oriented s)'oopsis- an "cxe<:utive'S\lmmary"- ala Di ner·Banne •. But....,

"em fanher • .ervmg up. hard·hilting audio, isual bri<'flllg. With it. we gained en!"", into Ille inner ci r­c le of hard· working staff officers and workaholic ~ubordinates ,,110 "ould aelna!]) use the d.na. We plld:agfll a Ieo:rurd.seminar·briefing usinC audicn ~ matmal$ and tOOk il around to se ... ·jcc Io("ltoob. T~k·

ing il10 allied military hIStory offi~ analogous to our o wn. we discove.ed th~t our Briti sh . Gtrman. french. Belgian. and Dulch counterp.:al"b had )'e\ to do any similar work in wppor1 of IMir 0"'" mili\.ary poIicymaken.

Win any of our ""hiC"emc nt in Europe o f pack­aging our prodUCI (or the polkynlaken be lasting? To the Ule~ lhat offICial hiSloricaJ otroca $ee I$ring achievemenl as Kminal hislOf)', 00. PoI ic)I·se .... ing historians IJIouId quickl)' diSIOilutIe thermoelves o f wrh grand illusions. llle ,""wlrd Rill)' simply be that with the passagc of time our .lIied inrcropcrabilil)' study. irs authors M¥ing ~ inlO 'J)kndid anonymity. _I¥ars more.nd more fmjuemly in the foot1lOles o f sludies by other poopl" . both inside and outside: the d~rense communit), . But then . is that not the educational proc~!S at irs best?

Some Opllons

All this katls mc 10 suggest Ihree po5si blc options by way o f answer 10 the question of IIow "'~ ma), help the defense community make better u.se of histOf)' in polic)lmaking. Fir$<, priorily ~Id be given to oontradilional packaging, coupled with a willingness to prnsel)1Jtt ItOP;C. 1lw: "ntfC(lf"' .... riaJ historian ~ld not di5Uin Madison A"~nue ap­proaches 10 seUing his product with in. \.lrgcted polky oonununity. The approa<"h will requi re time and leam .... ·ork bct~cn work~r and manager in the prodocing historical ageney, il1 il will much re thin];_ ing o f how offICial h.istOf)' otflCe$ '"market " their wara, h ma), meet " 'i!h signifICant rd~on!he pan of more traditional-minded sellior hiSlorian pan­roers . 5.Yont1, historical offices should think in terms oft"'o distinct- but ",lated_ types of product . lbc traditional. in-depth Ilislorieal ~olumq can .emain the nagship prognm, but they ITIII.<I be aoo:wnpankd by anal)1ical s)'ntheses tailored to tlte needs of policymakcn. lIerein ma), lic opportunities for bridg' ing the gap betwoen o ffICial hiMorians and their academic ooIlcagl>C:S. lbc vo lumes could be written by the resident offICial hi$lorians; tlte syntllescs or "cxecutive summaries" mighl be acco mplished through coo tnC15 with polic),-oriented acaden'K:$ Spt('iali!ing ill anal)1icaJ- nther than narrative­hiMoricaJ work. AltelNti'·ely. dependi", upon !he size of the hi!llOrical o ffl« and its rewun'C$. a special section might be c harged with the mOre anal~lkal. s llon_fuse stud i~s for the polk)'tnlken. 11lc U.S,

Anny U:nler o f Milit~ry !l iSlory's na~~rM AII.1lysiJ Branch may provide: an example of th is regard, With ooh prodocts, lIIc tlllditional volumes and ,he Sludics designed for poIicyrTl3tus. h~tOl'ical offt«$ should h,,,'C an eye 1O ... '3fd ~holn~ipand acrurry. u ""ell as anla~is. synthesis. and clientele re~ponse.

1lIe rhird o pl ion may be even more imporlanl : a more unif,ed approach by <kfclI5C historical 0(f":e5. omtK~" and opposition to lhe creal ion ofa unifoc:d defense hiSloneal off~undcr some "Cur of !l iSCO/y"-Mve long been a feature uf the offoeial defcll5C hi !ilorical community. There CM be no realty use ful hislorical contribulion to defclI5C policynu k' ing loday, ho",'Cvc r. unles.s a more unifoed approach u lIten. Defense: il.sun are intcgnled KIO$$ $Crv· ice lines; the offocial hi5tOJy being wrinen in W ashinatoo loday u I'l0l . s.:rv~ parochialism should not preclude the establishment of c kar-CUI joint Of

intel'$Crvice hiSlorical turns 10 address lpCCifl(: and continuing de fc nse issues. Such "crisis action." "policy response" or "f3jIid dcpIO)'ment" hi!>!oric:ll teams- IO use .some o f the tcmlS current in lhe dcrcnserommunily-oouLd be set: up to work with in the five principal defense: inlere5t Or miMion areas: opcn.l;ons, instiwciom (organiu, ion), planning,

Iec'hr.ology (rescareh and dewlop",,,nl. ",-quj~~ion). ~nd h,'man (manning. , raininll). Sialking lhe dc(~nsc communi ly . Ihese teams could delermi,>.: II'>.: issues of g~alC$l poIkym:oting con«rn. and II'>.: learn mcmb.-,... could provide hisloric~l inpul 10 an in· legraled. 311;11),li(31 product . In ooing $0. ll'>.:y oould IlOl only pfOvidc mOre limel y rc~ponsc 10 II'>.: im· medialC oocds of policym.kcrs. bu l c~ribulc to 3

g(!>Cral ekv31ion o f lhe hiscorkal OOII$CiouM'I"SS of defense: offICi. Is.

We shou ld be under no illusions IMI m.bng hiSlory morc use ful and palalable to poI icyma kcrs is loin, 10 be In easy task. The pr incipal problems. il mom be admitted. will be: w il h ourwlva- lhe defense hislOrical community. We arc •• fie. all. talk· ing ' ~rl here . Dut has 001 offocial hislory alre.ldy mlI(Ie lhe transilion from mere chronieal and COlIn cnlCru.inmenc to I.he place where hiscoria", t'3fI (unc· lion as learn players with I.he poIicymakers'1 We Ire all oducators by profession. and it docs 001 take n,uch foresi&hl-given present and ~alislically anlidpaled rulilks- ro see that more effeclive ..,r~ ice 10 lhe defense poIicymake" will be in our O'Oo'n profOMion>I s..l f·intcrCSl. Bo.n Ih3I it incidenlal- an added bonus. 11 .... ill be in the interal ofour seIYices and the "'lion.

PRACTICING THE HISTORIAN'S CRAFT

The Army Histo rian and Army Records

In lhe If10SI fundamenl.1 of Wlly'. Anny =urds a", al lhe hean of .... h~l oJoould be Army hi illori.n';' principal concern- how lhe Army 's pa.'1 e~ n be.'1 be , Iudied ~r>d u".,d . Allhoogh Ihi. may seem obvi · ou •. the~ i •• ""Iur.l lendency 10 I.~e a passi.·" an itudc IO"'ard lhe.~ vi tal re><>U"'e~ ~nd lheir man· a~cmenl .• 00 10 lru'" Ih.llhc infom,.,ion will b.­preserved and available when il is n<:edcd. The len· <kncy is juslifoc:d 10 I de~r"": the Arnl)· has ooc of lhe be.\.! records managemenl progl'llms in lhe Fed· ..... 1 I!o>'emmcnr •• 00 h.s had a rd'li",ly good record of carinI! for il' records since 1775. Durin!! lhe 1." folly yean.. II'>.: Nalional Archives h". pro. vided ",ten,ive ",("",nee se,v ice on ,I. Army rtt· ord_, .• /Ill the Ceme. of Mililary hiSlory and ;IS pred. eces."OIl' hIve publ"hed a multilude of .100;"" bI...ro upon lhe,n . TIoeS( undi.pu,ed .'uc-cc,,,,, h.ve made for a cenain complacency among II>.: fl'Cords' users. BUI lhe naWre of Army rttord, i, chanj!in ~ r~pKJly.

"lIh 'nf"fl"~lion being e..,~tcd . .\.!orcd. and ;0(.

<'~,><.'\l by a v~ricl y of ncw me~ns and in unprecc. Ilc.ucd "<,IUIIIC, Wilhout Ihe JlfI'P"rerC~lIon. ",,,,~.

t,·n~ncc. and disp .. "il ioo uf r!\o: ", rc~.,,-d, . lhe ' IOOy til' II>.: A""y', p;t>1 c-~n nclll>.:r be undc""~cn nur al'l'locd. Anny ..... c .... d, "un"~emern pru~r~ms u","-'rway 'oday w,lI arfccllhe ... ·ay lhe Army', his­lory b " 'ri lle n ~"d Icar""d for ~~ncr~ri"n, 1<1 co",,,. M,hlary hi" ".ians- and ~'Jl"Cially Anny hiSl.,,-i· an,- ncc.J 10 ,~ ~C .... "c "f Ihi, and ",ere,,,, ><>Inc ,,,n,,,,,,,,, ,1"<'1 hnw lheo.(" pn)lw~m, a", c........."vcd and run.

AI;, ",inimum. all ~bilily'" inllucnee how Artny ...... ~' ... h"'" bdn~ handled n",an, bcin~ e"~,,j/,;lnl or cllr..,,,1 Anny ...... ~ ....... "",,,,,!!ell...,nl ""lic"". proce­dure,. and pr.>etices: h~vin!! " linn ~r~,p uf Army R~~ul~li"n _",(I_ 1M: atld hc,"~ a"·~/C ", F .. ·defal ".,Iule.' and fC!!ulaiion, ~"vCffl'"~ F,*r~1 ...... ·"rd .•. It ~I", ",can, ~ccp,n~ up ",·,th t,"'I"")~)~o<"1 ~ppl i.

HI .,.~. A 'Hry "' ............. 1

,',,, 1<,," 1<' !,'(", 0.1, I j, '" ,', ,', ,,",d. "., "" ~ I" "·,IIl, ,,, __ ok. :l.lLo ....... «"',.-."·h ""',II'-II;I.j,,,r r, .... If\I, • ...., ~n' ",,1-­

~I,,"-~~" I!<';n~ In I-.: ~hk I" '" II", (ul"r~ . Hi, h..-i a", ,':111 :.1", _In,',' ,,, ,,':..-.1 d",,,,!' II,,· c,,,,,,,,,,,,,,':I1'"'' ~~rs 1-.:, ..... ...,,, 11",,,,,..,lvc,. a ... ·I"~,>I, . :111,1 ... ".If\I,

n"""'~~". ['I.~'f'k wh.. 'fIC~~ II .. · "''' ''' lall· f":o~c-I"'hlf)"- '" ,J, IT,''''"1 ,h:ok,'" , Oil.; "I til.; 11e.'( " ';I.' .' A, 'n)' h"'"''-';I''' ,'~I\ "'"l" , I",,, , ..... ,J, ,,,,,I ,· .... ",Ol' kh., 11I .... "!'h m,,,,,II<...v.'[l "' ".,: .. '''-~~II' ' I~I""', a, ,1>0: s. .. ·;.,ly (," lI i>l'1I)' '" 'h" ,:"u.;r~1 G"v~rn",cm . C"' C"'''1e1l1 h;>ln,ian, ",usc. Ih,,,u~h "u"i,,~ ,'han""l, and Ih",u~h ,he (",:o,i,,,, n( n,: .. '

' ....... ·h~n""~' u( ,'"mmun""'M'" w,lh". ~~c .... ·i,:,;. rind way, '" ha~" lheir ,,"n,,-,,,,, (o",io.k,,-<I in ......... ",,J~ ,,,,na¥,,,,,,,,11 prt.~r~"". I"I'''-''''',J hi",,,i,,,.' ~'" i'o:llcr ~bIC _ 1hn.IU~h :odv io.~ ,nd I"" io.kn,ir",~,,,,,, "r xl",,1 0( p"I~n!i~t prtobkm" ,,, ""'le """ . iOO · l i"n~ III dll: Ar"'y ' ~ n:c<>rd~ man~gcmcnl pro~rJ"'.

The (ouoo... ion o r ~Il FWc",] ra-unls nunagc­nll:n! pru~r.lms i~ lhe FWc",1 R«O<d, "'C1 of 19SO. The:tel ""lU;~ ,h" lhe he,,, "r e:ll.·" "f"''''y en.,u", tI"" ...... ·'onIs ~n: ,'",a,c<l alkl jII'C>crvc<l Ih~, :ooJc. '1~lcly documen, i. ~ or~~"iuli ...... (unc,iuns. poli· cies. tl«i~ioos. procaJUn:., and esscn,ial 'r.ln~­

'i".,~. AI,hou~h •• wou ld. "r course. be in'pos~ib!e

(O(.he s....-'CI,ry o( lhe Army persun~Uy 'u ~u~r. ... · l« 1M, .hi, happo.:n •. he u vcfSCe. an C~,'Clknl n...-. un.l ~ m:ln~~emen. pro~r4'" Iha • • ucmpls 10 sec Ihal lhe Army complies wilh .he I~ w. This progr;un i~. sue. ~~u l;l(ions and offe", :od¥Ke. bu. il loa, it< lin.i,~.ion~ and doc:~ no! ilscl( cre.:"" <kocu"lI:n'~'ion . The ~co,d~ (hemscl~e. are. or should be. e,e"ed by o.:p.nmem of ,he ... rmy ei¥i]ian ~nd mili'ary """"",nel . How we:1I are lhey doin~'! UnfOf1unlicly . ;n ",~ny ,'''-~> we: will no! k""w unl il ~Om" <l.y in lhe fUlure. when his,orians a,e "ucmpl;n~ '0 find rttords documenlin~ some: ... rmy policy. dc<:isioo . or Op!no,ion . • rhis.orians w.n' ~h documenla,ioo cn:alc-d and pre~rved. lhey nm.'! 1.I'~e ,hal I"" e.e· "ltl<l' of A'my informalion "«",ply w"h b",h r"" leue, and .he ,pi,i, 0(,,,,, I~w .

Mcn:ly en,u.'n~ ,he Cre~""'" uf ~o.Ic<.ju:Ole <l"cu · ""',,"" ,,,,, " ""Iy ,,,,,, "I' Ih~ h',J~r,,1 Ik,',,'oJ, A~t", :otk"'luacy 'e'lu'",,,,enl. Tu I>< "",ful '" ,b eru""" and evcnlually '" ",,,,,.n:he ... <It"""",n'"',,'" .... 'Cd, I" be pn>pe"y ma'''la' .... -<I and p,e ...... ,veoJ TlI" 's e,' I""""II~' !rue """ 'h,,' ""'",,J, "ff I"''''~ "",~,I ~\ ,"""pllte," and un ""..-ro,-....-"' • . A' rhoul\'h .1><"" .".;h . nulO!;lnl :>d¥~ncc. "ffe. ~r":o' ,",,¥an' a~c~ In Ja," .. or~~c ".,d II>< n:,,;"~al "f inf"''''~I,''n, lhe" use <l",. ;n"it ""me pulen,ial ha=d •. W"h ,I>< ""w '<.'Chn"k~y, inr"rm:.' ..... c,n be e",~" ,,, II", ' w,n 1hnl\' uf an e)'1:. 11",,,,;.,, , ,1I"uJoJ "'~c th:" valuahle II,("(m.' ;u,, ~I",\:<l "' ,..- ,,,' "'''''1'''1'''' "",0.1 •• I,,· flC''f''', ly "",iBI.,ned ". III:" " "~,, ... ~ "'" ",,",,ycn·

c lI'l~ 1.", •• ' '''· ., c ",~,·,1 I '''~'''' ""'''''C'U,,,·,· "r r' ..... "n.b~',,1[ '''''y m"le • • "I-..-...al".' e:l.<O<rIOJIg:,-n ",,,l ,,, ,I ":"ie, '" I<\o;""ry ,"~I pn.,.,.,¥" ..... ·".d. "I'

1"'1'11"",,'11( v:lh,,· . "',',p,'.'''", ", " .. ,h" ArlllY K~~ula'k"' .WU~I II . ··()f' ;'.., t.hn". .... ""'''' :

·n,,· A",,~ l·u''''I~ ... al Fil", SY" ,·m.- pr"",ul~~'c,J

Iw ,I,,· AmI\" :",,1 "rl"""'.l h~' ,h.; N,""n"1 A,· .-I"",'" ""''''''1<', , ..... ry ,.,',,,,, "I A,my n:,',,,<ls " ... I"'""o.k, 11..- ,I",,, tI'""",",,,, M",.. .... my " .... ,..-,J~. li lt' n",,' .n .~I"'r I "*r-~I a~",,,·i..,,,. :I'" IC"'I""-~f)' ,n n",u,,' . Thes.: n:""rtl~ ,'~" I-.: o.k"",),<-<I ~ Iic. a , ,,, ... il';'-<I "''f~'" "r ,im .. · whe" . ho.'y ... . ~ ... ~e, ~'" .. I' ~,,~ ;t,Jm;ni>lr:luv,: . k~"1. ." lis.:.1 val"" hi II"" ";",y. II", I'co.kr-~I ~"v;m""'nl. n, .he puhli". SIn'''' ''''''I''II:'f)' Anny ...... ",,J •. IM,""' ..... r. ha ... a n:1~ .

li ..... IY ~"'~ ..... "nl;..'" re"''''."'''' ,J"",k] I-.: ",. in:<l l" " f<:tlo.:r~1 K",-,If\I, Cen'"'' ....... ' onIs IM.I,Jin~ ~n:~

when ,hey an: "" I""!,,,, curren l ,..- ;oo.:. i ..... . l1w: dc­scNCti .. n or n:"reme", ollen,p"r:ory rtt<lItls o<;IvC~

. t.: ... rmy Sl"r:o~ Sf':I<.'C ~n<lll",kc> il easier '0 r. ..... :" ... " ........ hal f,lc, :.rc· Ma i,,, ... 1 M" ... • '"'I"'n:"\lI~ ' fn~" It.: II"",,,,,.. ' , I",;nl ,,( v;., .. ·. o.k, ' ''''·I;"n and ",Iire"",n, ,,( lCn1f'U"""'1' n:nlf\ls ~I~.w ,t.: de"",ion ,,( """" ""e .. ,;"", '" .IMIS<: n. ... ~lf\Is "r I"'m"",,"1 ",Inc.

Ceo ,in se,;".' til' Anny ....... · .. n1' have ,,,meien, in("n"", ;".n"l. c¥iok",i~l .• ..- . ~ho:< v.I",,~ ' " warr~"1 pcn"a""", "" emi"" . Thes.: " ... ~ onI. will ( ¥cn' u, lIy be ac...., ,,,,,, ...... -<I ;nl" the Na'i .... '1 An:hivc> and be n>:ll.k ~ ... ~;bhk ." researchers. l1w: rXl rllal such" ,,,,all prt'f"lfIi"" "r "'""y "",',If\I,- k ,s , h~n ,en pcrc·c n.-a", ju,J~c,J by Ihes.: crilcri. HI be of per­"'~n<:'" ." elklu'in~ v.lue m:I~CS i, .11 rhe mo.-.: impoon~nl .11:01 lbey be ",n:(ully ~nd fully C""ltd. p"'flCrly ",,,incai,,,,oJ. and pron'p!ly n:" '~,J when lhey ","" """, in""" ve Pw"'p' n:lin:menl Qf ,hese: n...-<>rd •. ~sio.k rn",. brintin,. 10 ,he Army lhe bene· fir, ..k:,i ..... -<I rmm dc~'myin~ ,..- re.irin~ lempor:lf)' , .. ..-ura,. n:duoxs lhe li~ehh.~ 1d Ih:ll rhey w;1I he

""ciok"' ''I1~ kos, ," o.k'''''Y'',J ()"I~' br he"'~ ahlc '" ~ ""'nlify . .... . he ha~;~ • .r AR ;wo-III. ",h:01 An,,) rc ... ~,,<l, s.:ri",. "IC flCrn.an,:nl ,'an b"I<"':ln, help en · ",,', Ih,II 1l1e ... · "',,,,",'~.' .11,' "dl ' II','III,,",~,1 nlllll ,,,,,II '"'''' ~"I,,·y ,'an ~, .. II",,, han,h nn 11-.:111

Th" h""..-•• " A''''~' h"',"",n' .... uc ""''''''',,. ' ",II 100,; 11;,,,·.! "1"'" '~"'"""'''I:I'''''' ho.·lII~ ,''''''Ic''' "~I.,.\ (o; ",,"koJ~~ "I (1", '\"'" , "'",,-,1, ",.IIl.,~C ""'''' prt.~r~m. ,""'mun"·"'~.,, ... "h a"·h .. ",, Jnd ' • ...,"nl, lII'n"~ ... ·". :o"d i,,,,,,,,,"'<1 in'e'c" ,n 1M",. ¥;",I ",,'u,tI, :,,~ I-.: ;n~ h:",,J,,,,1 will I>e " "" v;"c I" ,ho.' A.",~, I" A""y hi, ,,..-i,,,,,. lhei. p",r""" ",,, . alkl tho.' flO '!>''''

/h /I, .~/ol",,, .UI "" ,,,.-.,, '"~ ,I,,· N'''''NH.I ",', h,,'''' ,m,1 1i,', 'N',-' ",/ ........ "'''" ..

PROFESSIONAL READING

Periodical Literature m English o n the

Study, Use, a nd Teaching of Military History

H.,dl"csSC\l .... my ""1"'0;1"'. ,,,·,h.n and ""I~"y. a'~ o~~n "~N In t . pI~i" .. ·Iuo ~ il l ..... hey ..... [he .. ('(JI"'~'UC$ 00 alld can do fOIl"" Am,y . MO$I of". u .... lly mu",bl< "",,,,,. hin& aboutl ... ning (f()m (I", ~ ... On," l:>ekinllhe tim" 10 ,il do.,. and okrlJ~ wilb any p<e<;.olon ."1",, hi""')' in the Army ..... a .... Altl>oo", biblio&r.pII~ on mil" • ., hiuorical.w}<"" abound. we hove ., ... Iarked on up-to-d.te bib/i/l&,aphy of period ic.1 li'<"'lu,. on """ .. ",;li •• 1)' hi!.lOry con br SludOtd. used. and iaut.M. llIc (oIlowi", lis!. Uk ... pr;"",,,ly from milita., and h;w,ric.1 jou,n;o'. III"",ghouI .he F...ngli""·",,,.k,n, .. ..,rk!. "pre"'''''' ", •• I,b of sho.ed ide •• on ,he: prof(:l.$ion ..... ~. oppiirllioos. 1~, A' ... y 1/iJ/.>ri"" p<inll ;1 here ( ... .. hale_., USC 0'" coIle1tues can .... l . of~ . Addioioos and corfKIloA$ f.om tQCIc .. Irc ~ lban .. ~Icome,

"*«011. An"", A . "Arc the leuons of Hi$Iofy No LoooCC' Vllid?" Mm,,,,,, R", ..... " 21 (Fcbro. ry 19~3):

"''''. &lIa"', R.$ .. :u.;j Mi<hatl R. Malheny . ' -no. &O,ah .... $1." Duly Off~r Awroach." Th, Army lIi"'''km. 4 (Sult'lln(r 1984): 4-~ .

Bann«, James M., I r. ""The: s....... of Applied HiSiory : Challen,in&lhe F",~r;lIi()n$.·· NCPII N, .. ~I"'", 3 ($prin, 1983): 1· 3.

Barclay. C,N, ''""The Wr~i,,! and Prod...:.ion 0( a Re&i"..,nIal ll~ory .· · Army Qua""I" 74 (Apil 19H): 12_9l .

" ~hliury IIi"ory: l10e Cui, or O<ni,,,,. lion. " ... rmy Qu<I"~rlJ. 84 (April 1962): 61 -64 .

Ekau_, ROCCr A. ··Mili .. ry Fic1ion and Role: ~ .... oI>Itms:u.;j Ptn",:ai'"CS' ,. Mil;"'". ,4ffi,irs, J9 (April 197~): 69- lJ.

B,tlJICI' . Donald F. " Military 1I; .. ory aI ,he ·C........-J and Staff: ,. F(j";tW;n~. 13 (Win,er 1984): 3- 11.

Blumen$Olt. M'l1in . "Can Orf", ~1 Hi~ Ek lIonei1 Ilhtory'1·· Miliror, A/lairt, 26 (WiNCf 1962): 1~3_ 161 .

c;;:::;::;-;. "Why Mililary 11 ;<lory1" "'''''Y, 2~ - (I,nuary 1975): 33-37. Bond. Brian , ,.~ Atlrxlion. and P;,rall$ 0( M,hlary

111«01)':' MiNtoI'}' R~""" 45 (February 1965): 8'1-96. Bu.ns. JoM H. ·'W!t.al AboII! M il~ary II, .. O<)I~·· I~fmo ·

'ry}OIImol, 4S (July·Au,u<I 19:18): 321 - 327. Coldwell, Flink C. "Every ~h.i~ an lI i<l",ian .'·

Mori_ Corps Ga;:,rt". ~ (Ma<d' 1966): 3l-1l. Callahan. Rayrr<>ll<l .• ,,,."'" Faoes.,r Mili,.ry lIi"Of)' .. ,

Th. "'not), lIi.""lnn. 3 ($pring 19&4): 7_10. C .... LynB M. "l1oe Military IIh.",ia" Ovcrseu."

A"",riffill .... soda,;on of Un, .. ",,,iry Pro{rs_s Bulin;", J.oI (Summer 1948): 320-334 .

Cha ... y, Onn P., J •. "TIle Agooy of .sovo.. Military lI'I>I"'ian •. •· Mj//",'Y R<,,;,w, 48 Ou"", 1968): 24-28 .

Coffman. f,d" .. rd M. "l1oe New Ame,;" .. Mill,ary lI 'lAory." Mili",ry "'ffai".'S (January 1984). 1-5.

Colby. Elb,idgo: . ,. Roadl of Research lky()Cljj Bo<>k.<:' M,li.ary AJ}lifS, ) I (SU"' ...... 19(7): 91 -93.

Cole. Hugh II . "W. ilin, C<)II'c"'p<><ary MMa.y HilAory .'· Mili'~ryAffi'ir$, 12 (l'all 1948): 162_167.

Conn. S'n_, "The: Pu.,.,~ of Mili!ary lliSlO<)l . ·· Mili",ry AJJo;rs, 30 (Sprin8 1966): I-S.

-,"'~CC- "A. my Historical W(lft. I'aoI and Pres· e .... .. Army t)o',~ ... 22 (Ju"", 1967): 46-47.

Coohnjl, Eknpnlin 1' . • III . " M ili .~ry lI iSiory r", lhe: MiI~ary Ptora.<iotuol. " p~,~,." I (W'nle. 1972): 28- lS. ,c-",~~ . 'Tcchl'lOiogy Ind lhe F"""ie .. of Military

- Il;SIOf}':' Mi/ilOry Affairs, 39 (Dttcmbc. 1975); 206-207.

Corvi.ie., And.e. " R"""" ",h in Mililary lI istory in F ..... na: The Applicalion of 0. .. Procusin, Toct.· niquco. ,. War and $o<"inJ, I (Scpember 19!i3): 2 1- 35.

Cunni ....... m. John T , ··lt ist"'ian "" ,he Double .. A ..... ,..,."" I/,ri",,,, 19 (lu"", 1968): 54-64 .

D<:I"'Y' Trevor N. "W<lOIY and MOOcrn Bollle:' "'rmy. J2 tNOV<'",.",. 1982) : IS- XI.

I)i ..... s.e."" J. ··W. i""' lI'Sioty f", PoiIC)""",ke .. : A FolI"",· up:' All ... P"Sp«I;'vs, 21 (April 1983): 8.

F..krioch. Anhur A. , J •. , " Military l/ilAory: A C,.man Cave" . .. MiIi'ary Ajfai", 2 I (Summer I ~7): 49-54.

10"..""",,. Will .. ", R. . "The Roadin8 of M,h'.ry Ih<tory." Mllila,., AJ1airs , 22 (F.II 1958): 152_ IS} .

F.II •. Cyril. " TIle .... 1"" of Mili •• ry Il is'",y:' }"" mai 0{ ,h. Rayal A"m,,.,, 79 (July 19.11); 166- 170.

F~Id. M.ury D. '-no. W.iu", of ~1iI~ary HiSlory . ·· Mili",ry ... ffairs. 22 (Sprin, 1958): 38- 39.

Fer,"IOft. bmn II , "The Military W..."ian Goes 'Whe,e !he A<lion Is:·, Army ()iI'S!. 24 (AuGulA 1969): .st.- 58.

Finley, J_ P. "A,n,y Mu.c ...... and M,IMary Ihs.oo<y Educ3r:ion.·· Th. A""y Ifisroritm. 7 (5pri", 19115): 1- 2.

Gaiiey, lI,rry II ., 0r0r8c E. Mooa. and Em""" J. Ikndcrson . "TIle Univef$~ies and ,he Tcxhins of Mili'ary Subp:<l 01\ Third World A,ol •..• Mili"'t)' Aj. fai,s, 41 (April 1977): 79-80.

Garla"", Alben N. ·'Some T1touptt OIIlhe Wr~inS of M,l itary IIilAory ." Mi/i",,, Affi,irs. JS (Fellflla.y 1971): 18- 20.

G~ben, Fc:Ii, "Form Cbusc"'ju 10 Ilclbnocl .nd II,,,,,,,,: Ach","en"'III' and Failure. of MihlOry History. " ),,,,,. nal 0{ SlraltlK- SI ... lin. 3 (Oettmbcr 1980): ll - ZO.

TIl. AHMY IIJS1UH/ ... N

Glo';~r. RJl:NnJ. ··W., and C,,-,lian Il ..w. ...... '" Jot<rrtDJ o{lh~ II .. ""Y c{ Idnu. 18 U'''''''''ty 19H): &4- 100

(j.oIdtIer,. Alf • .., .• . f\ Mc ... ,c fo< " kld Hi>1O<\ans; Your Work i. ImponulI .' · nt. Arm)' /lislo,ioTl, 7 (Spfing 1985)' 8- 11

Gooch. loon. "Cho aIId M'rJ: The Use and Abuse of t!lSlOf)'.·· JOI<ntd of SI'dl~lil" 51"",.,., J (o.."c~. 1980); 21 - .\6.

Il.mb.",~,. K."""'h E .. and Ro«n Mi, on. " ~"htaf)' Hi Slory (Of CiVIlian T •• <I"" $_US~IA Ed"""C$ II\( Profc.<Of' . " A ",,),. 34 (J~M 1984): 47-49.

Ibrah:tn. l>.iI . and Jim D,,', . " lI i"",""'1\$ and ,be ....... ' .... n ~"ht.>ry: Past u~rclll;t and f ucu ... fur«' wioou." n.. p,J,Jk lIiJl<Iriwt. 5 (Su ... """ 19&3); ~5-64 .

H.nkwlt, Bruce D. ·'I..o&illkallli>lory." Thr A,,,,y /li'lOrio", 2 (Winle. 1984): 14· ]6.

-CO;::"'" " $lnlelic Thou",, _ .. Th. II",,), 1/i,.orIan. 3 (Sprinl 19&4): 1l-15.

Ib.n.. II £ . D. "n-.. Val ... of Hi>l"'Y 'o!he Soldier." II",,)' Q",mn/y. lIS (<k«Jb", 19(2): 79-87.

lIasslt •. W.rrfll W _, Jr. " ""li131)' History: The Army's Piv"'al S,udy.'· MUlMry R.\;r..,. 56 (Oc{obe' 1976): 29-33.

Hales. JOOn D. ··Military HiSlorilns.nd o.partmcntal Hi.wrieJ·· J.lili,,,'Y Affairs. 19 (S~mmc, 19S5): 120. _ .. :;;;;:::" •. 'n.. l>! iliuory Off"~' and Hi. ",,",ooy ... .II,liltJ'Y Ajfa'N. 19 (Sp-i", 19S5): 65 .

··The T~rhln. of M,litory W,",ooy. ·· Mi/i.,,'Y Affairs. 20 (Spring 19S6): 64 .

HiUim. Trumbull. ··The An,I.,..An"''''an IlillOti"",,· War in {M Mwi'~'l""llICaJI . ·· Mill,,,,, Ai/ai,.. J..I (Oc· tobe. 1910): 8-4- 88.

H,&ham. Rabin. ·· If You Don'1 Rt:od HiSlOt)'. You ·U R.peaI II .·' Mill"" .,. R ......... ·. 53 (May 197) : 28· ).1 .

lIoiky. [' B .. J •. ··On lliSlOf)' .nd Staff W", l "· AI, U~j"",.If)" R",. .... ·. 21 (/an~If)"·F.b ..... ry. 1970): IOI- IOS . (Review artidd

1l000-ard. M"" hatl. ··TIIt Dr ..... nd fot Mlliury HiSlOf)' : · Mili'ar) /t,,;~. SI (May 1971): 34-42. Dice>' of ' r­licl. of !he loll .... litle in To_ Ut""'Y s..ppimltm (13 So· ... mbt. 19(9): 1293_ 1~.

-oC--'-. ··The UK ond Abuse: of Military lI iSlory"· P" .... mtl'''. I I (March 1981): 9- 14. Rcp,im f,om }"""",I of ,Iv Ro)'tJ1 U~I·,M Su,,·u 1".,i,wlI·Oft. 101 (Fd.,~ry 1962): 4- 8.

HI><IOII. lama A. ··The Uws 01 Hi<oory"· Mill",,, Rnip'. )7 (June (957): 26-Xl.

HUlChill$Oll. WIlliam T. ··The Am.ricln HiSl",i .. in W.rti"' .. ... M ississippi VoUq 1/;"0';<:01 R,,"i,M·. 29 (Septembt, (942): 163- 186.

loma. Robe" R. ··ThouahlJ on writi •• M,litary Hi<tory.·· }owmtrl oflh. R"""I Ultiltt! Se,,~ ,,,.,1,,,· Iiot!. III (May 19(6): 99-108.

-""up. Job" E. ··Soviet MiliLlry III"ooy : EITons Ind R ... ult ... • Mlli'(lry R ........ 53 (June 1973): 13- 26 .

K.."i. Wilt., En,i!. Jr. ..n.e Crisis in Mlli{ary lIiSlOrioct1Ophy . .• AmuJ Fo"'" "nd S«itty. 7 (Wi""'r 1981): 299- 316.

Kaluo. o.vid. ··WOfId Wlr II Hi,",ory: The Bigal Hole."' MIll",,,! Al/<>ir-s. 39 (AI"";I 1!n5): 74_76.

Karu. Aleun<.\t •. ··Militol)llli"ory: h. Place in Pr.,.. f .... ioo.o.l M ililary Educltion In lilt A~" .. 1i.n A.my .. . A""y }"""",I (A~'lrlli.). 30) (Augu<I 1!n4): )_ 12.

K.r .... n. I'1:l<:r .•. o.mllll>,.,,,nl MII~~ry Hi>lory ~ty.

"

ll\U of Po· ... ~, Of A.~ .. J of Un<.\tn.tand,n,?·· "" I,ltJry· AjJOi ... .16 (Oo:lobtr 1972): 88-92 .

_ "',-,,-,. ··The ·N . .. ·• AmeJica. ~" I".'}· 11 i$1ory : A MJP (If \he Ttr1iIOfY. uplore<l .nd U ... \ plOf<d .. • A .. rrkaM (}wm.,.ly • .16 (Foil 198-1). 389-419.

K .. , . n . .Iohn. "'The Hi"otia. 1l1li B:ulle .. IM/m,aI_1 s.n.riry. 3 ("" ....... 197'-79): 13'- 149.

K~MCn . lee . ··M,liwy Hisrory In FI"lI~ .·· ,\Illi/aryA! !<.,,,. 42 (Oclobtr 1978): lol4- I46.

K~O&~. E.G. ··The S'lidy of M,lilary Il im,,,!"· Army )"" ..... 1 (AUIl .... lil). 224 U'''''''ry (968): 3ff.

Kk:btr . BrooU E .•. ,.". Army I..o<>lJ .. h. N<td f<)r M ,bury 1Ii>1"'Y.·· ~IIII'IHJ 1Ijf<J,"". 37 ( April 1973); 47-48.

--;c="'~. ··HiM«)' and Military Ed_ioon: The U.S. Army"· "'i/lldt')· A/fill .... 42 (October 1978): 136-14 1.

KOOn. R",r.. rd . '.n.. Sox;'! Hillory of lhe An ... ,,,, .. Soldier: A R.view .roi PrO$p«lUS for Rest.reh"· ........ri<Grt lIisl(>rimI R ....... 86(Jut\e 1981): 5~}-567 .

La ..... Jxl C. ··A ..... inIo Milll.l,,! r.":,.,,. i'1<td f'" New Af>I>i_hea. ... />fili""" AlPm. 4 I (Ocoobtr 1m): 109-11).

Lkklell Ib rt. B.II . ·· R"'JIO",ibilily and Judgmen{ in 11I'oIOricaI Wrilinl.· · JI,li'ary ,4ffiU,..,. 2.l (Spring 1959): 3S-36.

Louahr~y. K.A. ··A W"" 10 My B,ipdic._An F.u.:oy on Formal T.aini., in Military lI iSlory as I i'1ccoury P;m 01 OffICff Dr"d ..... " ........ lNfr>ta FOf'N" )""m<J/. 4() (MaylJune 1983): 56-60.

l.urodbel"J. 0.".1. "'The Ame,ican Lilonuure nf WI" no. Ch II W:u-. W",kJ Worl. and Wotld War II.·· Amtri("dll QwiJrr,,/y. 36 (Fill 198-4): 37J- 3U.

Lu>us. Jay . ··The Fi", B.ili1h orr ...... 1 Hi"",ianI"· J/dl/(lrJ Ajfai .... 26 (Surnrner 1961): 49-58. -"'==, ... Militlry Hisrory : I. n Slill Practicable?·· ,.""'_'u,. 12 (March 1982): 2- 14. _-':=""". ··Militlry Hill",), and omc~r Educllioo : Some 1'1: .. 011.11 Ron.crions.·· Th~ A,my lIij/(".j(l~ . 6 (Winle' 1985): 9-11.

l)"". John A. ··Mihtlry H;.wry In \he cto,""""", : A Slrarc:.,. r", Enroll ............ • M"i""y Ajf<JiN. 43 (Dtcember 1979): 200-204.

McQuie. Robtrt. ··Military H,,,ory and Mathe .... liCiI AII.II ~5is"· Mili'ory R" ..... ·• SO (M. y 1970): 8- 17.

Mahon. Jolln K. ··TtxhinK Ind Rolltlt.h in MiliLlry 11I,,0f)' in 1he Unlit<! SUles .. · "nt. I/I •• arimo. 27 (Ftbnwy 196$): 170-1 84.

M:u-a:r2W. Thomas E.C. ··Military I h~)' and "'" JU:lOOf orr.e~r"· A,..".,... 8 1 (M.rCh.Apn l 1912): 18 ..... 2.

M.!loff. M:wrice. ··Govcmmcmond Publ.., Hi;!"')': The Al1ny.· · Th. """fir /fij/"";tIII. 2 (Spring 1980) 43- 51. -";Cc:=, ··The Po .... n{ Sta{e and Fu{ure Dim:{ions of Military lI istory : · .",., Anny W,IDrit»I. 2 (Winltr 1984); 7_ 11 .

MrpflU. Richa.rd. ·· ll i"ory and Milltl'}' Educl1ion. "' N" .. ,III'", Co/I.,. R~,i ..... Xl (Sprin, l!nl ): 3- 1S.

Mell. D. vid R. ··Roview Art",lo: Il illory . Wa, and lhe Military Prof .... ionaI . •• N"I"I;I II'"r Collt'~ /t",. ..... J..I (Jlnu.ary. F.bru.ary 1982): 68-80.

~hllw. Allan R. ··Clio and M.,.,.· · ArrnrJ Fora. and S«itty. 4 (Willie' (918): 33S-340.

"""''''-:;: ··MihLlry Hi>1ory Ind {he ProkWonatOf· r~., .. · .II"rin. Carps Ga",II" SI (April 1967): 51.

-0:;:-;;:'. ··The S{u.dy of Ame' '''an Mili{3ry HimOf)' in (he Unilt<! Sta{CI.· · Mili, .. ')" Aff,.;". 41 (April 19n): SI-61.

Moor •• Jaml< W . . "Hiwry. III< lIiSloflan. and'h< C<>rp< ,,( Eng;""" ..... 1M Pwblic lIi",,,;'m. J (W,nl~r 1981): 64-74.

MOl;""'. Samuel Elio!. "F~ilh of. Hi,lori.n . .. ,"""..ri,w, lIi""riml R~'l'K' . .s6 (I3nu.1)' 19~1): ,61 _275 .

Mort"", I..,...is. ·' l li .. ", .. Momom Am .... : Lcuons"(lhc 1'3" ," W"r/d Pt>lilks. n (Januaf)' 19(0): 155- 164.

. 'n..- Hi'I"';"n .nd II><' SHoJ)' of IV" _ .. ,\fi>sis.sif'{'i V~lIq Ilis""ic~1 R~';~,... 4 8 (." >reh 19(2): 599-61) .

N,h.". B"",I. •. " M ilitoI)' Hi,wry Buffs: P"p\ll .. i1jn~ ,he Unpopular." A""n/ Fo,N's Jou"",l. 109 (August (972): )..I -n.

Nyc. Rog.r H. "n.; Army IliOlor ..... ; \\'00 M. TIley?" 7h. Anny Ifisto'i,,~. I (fall 1983): 6-8.

Offe,. A,-nc,. ··U.ing , .... !'as! in B,ilain: R<1fOSpc<1 and i"f"",",'T .•• nr, Public I/jU<Kwn. 6 (Fall 19&.1): 17-36. $«Iioo on offlci.1 W", hi>lOf)'.

Olo< k. lIow •• d L. ··Hi>! ...... ' Reponing of Grou nd Ope""ions .·· A"7I"I'.-d C" ... lry 1""""". 58 (bnu.ry" Februa ')' 1949): 54- 56,

Pam. r eler . .ollie H;>lOI)' of Wa.:· ()(J~(laluJ. 100 (Spring 1971): 376-396.

_ "';;;::::,. " Ilans Dclbruc k OIl Military Cri,ic. and Military Historians ... Mm""y A/lair.. 30 (Fall 1\166): 14g- 152.

- c.:;-:::;,' Charles fI, M.<I)(), .. ~. e.p. Sto«y. John Shy. and Leonard K'i<l<r. ·'Contemp>f'31}' History and War." Mililary·Af!airJ. 12 (Spring 1968): 1-19.

Pas<l>all. Jim R. "The Army Historian ,nd Comb(lt [)e.cl<lpl1'Ot:"'"'" 7~~ Anny 1Ii'I<>rim!. S (Fall 1984): 5- 6 .

Pan"". George S" J •. "5""0"" in Wa, . " Caw.lry /lJUr­",,1.40 (lonWl'y 19)1); 26-30,

I'o«h. Douglas. "MiliLOry llistory." I/istorirol )""mal. 24 (1981): 9SI - 986.

Possony. Sld,n T ... OO Dal0 O. Smith, "".., U,ilily of M,liLOry lI i>lOl)'." Milil~ry Affair~. 22 (Win,.r 1958-59): 216-21 8 .

POOOO. G.G. "I.", •. St,tiSl"", and Milil.ry lIistOl)'," [klrnN' Fe>ru ;""mal, 11 (May·Ju"" 1980): 15_ 17.

Rair'll:y. Jarn:s W .. and Roben W. Mi""" J,. " l liSlorical Mindednus in Ii>(: I,raeli [)ef<nse fored.·· Military' Rm·,w. 64 (lu"" 1984); 28- 32.

Raruono. lome< F .. J, . "n.: FUlUre of Studying II>< Past: Infom .. 1 Minu'e. o f a Mili'ol}' Hi$lQry Work>hop." Mililary R" ;,k,, 56 (Nol'Cm/:Ier 1976): 22-27,

R«ord. J,ffrey, "On ,i>(: le...,.,. of MiliLory History:' Military R"i,k" 65 (August 1985): 26- 39.

Reynolds. O .. k G . "Arn"ican S""egic IH stOl)' .00 [)o,:"i""" A Ro.c"".Klcr.'ion." Military A/filir', 39 (D<=mbel 1975): 181 - 190.

Rightmye •. Don. " Military lIi'tory and l..cad<<<hip: Some (;c""l1Ils Speak." n" Army Ifi"oria". 4 (Sum' "'<r 1984): 6-7.

Robi""u. Paul M .. "Ad~a"'.g .. '0 be [)eri"cd from lhoe Siudy of Ame,ican Militory HistOl)'. " Military Rni' .. ·. 31 (lUr'II: 1951); 28 _)1-

-' .. =~:_ "n.: '"ploitali"" oflli'tolY by thr Uni'<d Sta,,,,, Army . " Mililary R~,i~..,. 34 (Dc-combcr 1954)' II - I].

-"m;;;;,,' " History aOO lhoe MHitary Prof<ssion." Mililary Rn;~"'. 34 (~,"y 1954): 17_26_

- :;;c:,-,' "The Sludy of Mili,"..,. Hi$'OI)'. " .l lililary A/lair" IS (Spring 1954): 27- 28.

·'Qbse .... ,!i"", on Milito,y III>lory." Mililory ((,.';eM', 36 (D<=mbc, 19S6): 34-10.

11."1'1'. l"'~>J;w _ "Mrhwy ll ,,.n.;':al S.:h.,I""h,p Sr",,< 1937. " Mtlil"n' Api,iTS . 41 (ApIr) 1917): b8 _74

- "'CC::-C. "M,litary ltr""ry :IrkI tl-o: $o .. ·i"1 .S,:icn..x·,. " Mili"",· A""irs. :10 (Spring 1966): 8 I, .

"'The Tc""h,"~ "f M,I,,"ry H"",,) " .\filii",.,' A/fi/;'," LI ISplrng 1'J.I9): 14- 19.

Rosenbe'g, D,. .... A . "CI .. "r ... d Hi,.,,,) O" ... 'I.,,,r.<'d· 'The Uses and Abu, .. :. "f T,'P s.. .... ·w Sch.'la'-"hrp_·· R""('M" i" A""',i«111 I/i" "n·. 9 (Scl"c",""r 19~ I ) .j()7---414_

R,"~,II. S, W. "lliS/ory: I>tN lI<ap '"~ e",,,,,,.,,,,,,,·'" u.s, N.""II""il~U P,,~w.Ii"Xj. 92 (hnualY 1\166): (,6- 7S_

Rothenberg, Gonthe, 1'-. ~nd [):nnis Pa,ls. " Eu"'r<an M,li'ary lI i"OI)' in Amc,ic. : 'The S'd'e o ( !he An ," Mdili'ry A/I"i,.. 41 (Apri! 1977): 75 - 78 .

Sand lu. S"n!<y. " lI i>IO<)' and ,he M,I""ry. " MiIi",n' R~"'<'k·. 52 (lanWiry 1972): 26-3 1. .

Schrips, Paul 1_ "n.: lI iSlorlan aItd thr Naou", of It ;'''>ry: Some Reneelio"" for- Air Fom: lI i,.,,,i.I\ •. ·· Mdi",ry A/filirs. 16 (Fall 1952): 123-131.

" Military lIi'tory and Peace Rcsc~rch:' Mi/il<lry Af!a;,s. 36 (o,:tobcr 1972): 92-96.

_" ::::::::::-. "Wha, is a Public 11iS/",ian','" 171<, PuMi,' I/i""ri"n, 2 (Summer 1980): 84- 100.

Sha",. Henry I.. I •. "n.: HjSlorian ,,(!he Bri,j", Army," Military' A/fill,.. 18 (~.II 1954): II J - 117.

S"""''')I<''. [):nni~ E. "A Modol Pie" fOi D.on".n.! Tnrmpcu." Mili,,,,.,. A/fi/i.s. 39 (April 19751: 71_74.

Shy. John. "The A" .. ,ic~" M .li"'I)' E'pcrico<e. WS/OI)' aOO t.,.,ning,·· )"""'<11 IIllnlmli.dp/i"",:., lIi"'xy. I (Win'e, (971): 205-228,

Sir" .. "s. Willi.m E. "'The S,udy "r lIi"OI)' .nd the M ililary leader." ~l<Iil",,· A/fi", •. 26 (Spring 19611: 22- 27 .

Si>Slnilh. E.K.G . " Milita.y lIi>1ol)' or W .. Stud""," An",. Q"''''~'I)' <In./ lkl."a J".",,,,/. 10 I (I~ly 197 1): 437-414_

Smilh. M.G. "Gor."alship aOO Ihc hnpo<u1I<'<' of Mililary fl ist"'}'_" Army ;"~n,,'IIAu>t,,,li . ). 257 (O<','*"'r 1970), 35-43.

SpcClor. Ronald, "G<tting Do,,'n To Tl>e Nill)' ·Gritty : Mili,aty UiSl"'>'. 00",,,,1 lIi<tory ,nd !he Ar""rica" &,.

pc,i,,1I<'<' In Viclnam, " Milil<lry A/filir,. 38 (February 1974): 11-12.

Spil/<:r. Rot« I. "'On ,he Wrong Side of 11-0: Tape>lry . ,,' 'I~~ Army lIi""ri<l". 4 (Su""""" 1984): g- IO.

S,ac"y. c.P. "The Ufe "nd H"rd ·rime. of an Off ..... 1 IE"or ian . " O",,,,/i(m l/i,"'ri",,1 Re,'i~ .. ·. 51 ( March 1970): 2 1---47.

Stu,n. R~girl.1ld C. "W ••. S<w:icly. and lbe 'New' Mi lilary Ui",ory of the Unil"'! St"to.," O",,,,li,," Rair .. · of A",,,riron Sumi ... g (Sprrng 19771: I ~ IO,

Syrett. Da.id. " 'The John F . Morri"", Profe'''''' "f Military Ui'tory. ·· ~fj/;",,,' R~,'i~M· . 53 (May 198J1; 13- 22.

Trask, D .. id F. "n.: 'N<w Mililary Hi't"'}'·'n..! Army HiSlotiarlS ... 171~ Arm)' /fisloriu". 5 (F.II 1984): 7- 10.

V~n Cre~dd. ~"nin_ "C .. "",.GhosI: MLlrla.y lIislory aOO ,be War> of ,i>(: Fu,ur<_" n,~ W<lS!ti"~"''' """,. In/y. 3 IWint .. 1980): 76-83.

Wiclh, .. , John A" J, . "n.: Prof"",ion;ol Sokl'c"OO lI iSlory, .. Thr Army fIj'I<"';a". 4 (Su",,,,,,, 1984): I -~

Wi k". John W _ " lI iSlory and ,lie U_S . Army ," "if""".'" 54 (May ·Ju,", 19(4 ); 61-63. >I (luly_Augu" 19(4): 52-57,

William<. E.G ''iho Sludy of Mil,Llory Histof)'," C_· iii .... A""y )""mol. 14 (Spoinl 1960): 71- 75 .

Wilson. Ty""". "n.. CalC f'" M,liLlory lIi!olO<)' Ind R= h." M,/j",,>, AffairJ. 2 L (SU/llJlICr 19S7): So4..flO,

Wimon. Ha,old R .• and ".,mUlI!. Lau. " Uislory Ind ,he Professional SoIdie, ." "llIi,ory R~.;",". So4 (April 1974): )2.)8.

W<>O<I .. -..-d. C. V ..... . "n.. Ace of Rei""rpr<1.Iuon.·· AmtrirolllfillDriml R~,;""" 66 (OctOOcr 1960): I 19.

AT THE CENTER

A New General

"The CenlerQf Mililary Hi~lory i$ once again headed by an active duty gencntl off""'r. Hrig. Gen . William A. Stofft received his 5Ulr in ... August 8 «",mony o ff.cialed by Sccr.:u.ry o rlM Army John O. Marsh, Jr ., and Anny Chief of Staff Gcnenol John A. Wickham. Jr.

R esea r c h C hair

ProfCW}l" l)aru.el R. 6eavcr of!he Uninrsily oICin­cin .... U has auumed !he firSl lwo-yur U.S , Army Cenlcr of Military History Research OJair. Dr. Bea~er. aulhor of N~fon D. BaUr 0IId 1M: Anlt'riMII War Effim, 1917- 1919and ocher worb, will be CQII.

linuing work on !he hislory of 1M supply function in lhe U.S. Army. The first volume 01 th is two­volume study, covering lhe period through WOfId War I. io $Cllcduled for complelion in Ju]y 1986. A second will be devoted 10 !he period from World War I throu,th ]947.

New Cenler Tilles Off lhe presKS thi, ,ummer WC~ 1M Corps 01 &giMel'l'- The War AgailUr Gt-rmany, by Alfred M , B«k. ('I 01,; the Anny L.ineaac volume. Ai, lNlenu ATlilltry. compi led by Janice E . McKenney; Vin· «nt C . Jones' ManJom'(JIt: 1M A""yand 1M: Alomic Bomb; and Cap(. Fnmk Julia's /lislorieal AMlysis Agrndes Oirecrory.

Wn,hI. Robo:n k " Jr. "Oio in Comhol n.. E.,oI .. ion of !lw: Military IlilolOl)' Dttxllmo",." 1M Ann,. I/lJIori<ut . 6 (Winlt r 1985): 3-6.

Z .. ,d" Willi.ano II ., 1lI . " Mili .. ry 1Ii . ,Ory. " Armo,. 73 (lu!y,Augu<l 1960\): 34- 35.

ZoIl. Donald A. " Tho: Oreli"" of M,\!Llory LMr3N~." p_~rs. 2 (Summc:r,hU 1972): 63 ·68.

B.D.H. and Rubert K. Wright

MHO Workshop

TIle CenlCT. in rooperalion willi ' he FOI«s Com· mand historical offICe. conducted a special ",'o-Yt'oe k Yt'Ofbllip July 13- 27 at the Military 1li5lOfy 1nstitu4c, Carlisle BJiIlllCU, Pennsy] v;on;" , Th is was ,he: 5«'

ood joint lraining sc:sWn held for the ~ (iOOIl 10 be lwenl~) mililary history dclaCh,nenls in all throe Anny componenls , WOIk5hops are held every thru yurs 10 provide Icchnical guidan« a nd <.Iocl/ine on ",'2tlinw: historical dau. roIlcc1ion. Many CrnlCr pe0-ple lOSS~ed in ,he instruction . , Carlisle.

Nc""l~ Arri-'cd Professionals

L.I . Col. OI3rlcs R. Shrader arrived fn:m 1M ]~ian

su.fJ ColLege 10 la ke Over !he HistOfical Servk« Oivision. Colone] Shrider. I Columbia Univcrs;IY Ph .D .• has long e~pcriellC{: in lhe Army's hislory ptOgrams, including $Crvke in the Comb:1I Studies Instilule and the Mi]itary History ]r»ti,ulC. R. Cody Phillipsjoincd 1M Museum BlMCh as [)CPUly Chid Curator for Field Opcnlions. aftcr an assigruncnt as Director of the Ca$Cmale Museum, FOr( Monroe. Virginia. Otller addilions 10 the Cenler's profe»ional ~larf Ih is summer we~ Maj. Pelcr k osumplik , who joined !be Anal ysis Branch . and Maj. Cynthia (jurney, who has become lhe Center's historian on lhe Arm~ Nur~ Corps.

Subseripl lons--ChangC$ of AddrC$S

To be added 10 our di~l, ibulion li.1 Of c ha nge ~n exi,' ing subscriplion, please supply com· plc'e mailing information in (he space pro­v,ded and n""illO ,\La .... ,ing Edilor. Thr A'In,. IIlJ101'ian. U.S. Army ~nle, of Military His· lory , PIII,lli Buildin,. 20 Mass.achuscns Ave· nue, NW. Washinglon. IX 20314-0200.

N.~

Address

Number of Copies Cir.:1c one: New Subscriplion

Changc o f Addrcs~

Zip

I

COMMENTARY AND EXCHANGE To ,h~ MilO's:

\\.'hen bumoriu S. J, Perlcman publ;,hcJ hi. firs! book. (i."""ho M." Ideg ... mmcd his ~ongrdlul'lions: "From ,he l ime I picked up your boo.>/< unlil I sc, i, 00"'", I "',. convulsed .. i.h laughter . Someday r imoM lO rcad i,:'

M,..., IlIan • few command hislori3n$ could ~"ify with Perleman. J have "ften had misS;'-ings aboul ,,'1101110. or 1>01 any""" wi' :IQI1)td.y going 10 rud 00' prodU(I" I w"'~kd wi,h ponderous q""Slioo of w{llth: Can mililary h;Slory live up 10 "pc<:Ulions? Can a Wlnnlandt. lurn 10. rro::>nograph \0 r,rod prao:1ical.nswcrs 10 hi. queSlioos? I "'asn', ... ,e. TIlen""~ " ""}' WsrOFWt. came along. Ne'", has. pro­

r .... ional jounw been '" wei"""", Ofl my dtsk. It is im­porUnI.n .. fItt. oc:casionally on lhe ovo ... 11 implicalions of your \00'01'\. noo: .., much for ruMurances as for Ille dwlCC: k) .edc:r. ... your dir«lion and PUfPOSO. 10 vin • 'ySlcmalic vicw of what i1 i. thai yoo Ire about.

TAli gives me an oppo<Iunily 10 think abou, ""'Ie pn:mi"" and basic ~ptS_ $orne uamples of ptOj«u thal have p"'scn,cd lhc~l_ a> • di",,! '<$llil of Slimulalioo by Th~ Army /fiSl<>rWn arc $.IH",nariw.! h''''''

- The " Commander and Mil itary Hi>lOry" al"\iclC$ arc rep'oouccd ror rriends in command po<ilions. - The hislorians II Ibis post orr jointly .pornoring "The Hua<huca A" 'ard for ll iSlOrical MiO(kd ...... ··• ",mi· annu.al hi>lOriell ... say conl",' will> cash .wards - In addilioo 10 Irying 10 "''''''''e I soIdie,', lifc"ylc in 00' mu",um displays, ..... '" beginning 10 ineor· p:tr.Ile """" military dox1rine in OOr ;nlcrpr.~"ioo . Fo' iRSta~ . a se<:tion on "The Lesson, or lhe Apache Campaigns" is being odded. "ling some "r Rusocll Weigley', tilul. ,*""rvalion$ on ~his subj«l. _ A SO"" or hislOriea! recnatlmenU is in lhe "..,..h in wh ie~ p"nicipants will be asl:ed 10 imagine lhcmselves in hiSlOric.al decision-making ';lUatioM. The prog,am " 'ill UI': microrOonPUler ~enn;na!s. _ A muI':uon .pace has bot" I':t .side U. be <:(>fw.".d into I ·· ll iJ.lOrical Resources" l oom in which ";,ito .. "an res! in a Ioonge .'mosp/le"'. w31ch ' p""ially P'o­dU«:d vi<l<:<)!3pt$, and btow$e lltroug/l "rttOIT\nItnclod reading" bookshel¥cs. From .he .ime I pickw up 1M Amty /{i'IO,ion umil

I I<:t i, down. [was engrllSl':d "'ill> i., import, Somt..Iay [ intend 10 ,eread il.

JA).tES P. FIN LEY

M"l<:um Di'e<'or and pO$! lIi"o'i'" Fon Hua<h""o. Arizona

DEP.lIITIoIENT Of THE .lIIMV 'HI; C><,(f Of "1\.1l.~' ><ISl",,' AND

"If C(N'£A or "''''" .. " "'S'OA' "'''"''' ..... 'ON, DC m .. .Q)OO

"'."""' ......... .. ... ",,, ",. _." ... "'"

R"ul~" ar~ inl;,~d 10 ~~pr~SJ Ih~i, opi"ionr on Ihll

publicalion and ilS /,(JI~F,d ,,"idu. (U ~"t'll QS 10 .Am, Ih~lr ,.~rim("fr aruJ ,;""~ on lopiC' r~w'ing ".,h, ""'/" '. uu. and Ie""hing 0/ m,lila,), hiJ/o')'. C"''''''I>OIId,nu Jhould IN ",ldr~SJ~IIO Ih~ Edilorr, l1>e A,my HiSlorian. V.S. Army c,'n!" uf MilifIJty lIiJf",),. 20 M",,,,,huJmr A,,,nu~. NW. Washinglon, DC 2OJ14·020f)'

Drums & Trumpets Corner

T his issue's sel""tion from the ~voca.ive

language of another time:

Tl>e ",e"" .. -as a !C,ri!:>ly exci.ing "",,_mu.l..e1ry and ".noon dealing dealh and de$l"""ion on all ,idu; ,,,,,n grappl ing w;1b men in a fearfut dealb· St"'ggl", colu'M aft .. column ",.hing .~g.,[y up. am!:>i.iou.1O obtain a post of danger: offICers , idin, hill .. , and Ibi!he, in the Ibickt$l of lhe fighl. ""­ing lbeir lilt. on, and <""",rollinll lhem ~o lI'ea«' . , cnions; ,.gillltnli cha'gin, i.,o the "ery jaw. of dtalh Wilh f,igi"fu! }'ell, and shout~> more <ffe<. li¥ • . as !hey ttll Upoll the cars of lhe enemy lhan a lhou .. nd 'iflc·balts- and . in lhe mid>! of all. il hc.:t,d one long [oud, con.inuous round of c~'ing as the Sta,·Spangltd-D.a"ne, is u"rurlw in lhe f",," of lhe foe. and defi. ndy wppla"IS ,lit mongrel .-0[. ors lhal had. bul. momcfll btfOt<', (ksignalw lhe spo! as R.t..! ground ,

7h~ Chicago '01<"",1. qUOltd in Ho,ace Greeley. Th~ Am~rican Conflict: ... I/lrlO,), 0/ ,h, G,~", R~Mllion in ,~ Vull'" Staus 0/ ... ",..,,<'<f. 1860---61: I" (Auru. I"dd~n", a'1ll R~."IIJ: Im,nd'" 10 Ex· himl Esprd"'ly I,. Morallllld P<>Iilit:al Phas~S. ~;IA Ih, D"/I and PrO,,,,, 0/ Amfriron Opinjoo R"p'c<ing IIwnan Slo."t'ty /F"'" I 77610 Ih~ ClQS~ o/Ih' w,,' fo' Ih~ Union (Hanford. Conn . : 0 .0. C"", &. Co .. (864).1: 596.

.... K ... n I'OSTACl " ,nS 'AID

Ol'...,"'ENTOf ",[A.MY .. , ... " N., c.,