Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION Welcome to ZTE University! 2004.2.10

Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION

Welcome to ZTE University!

2004.2.10


Class Rules

Class Hours: 8:40 AM - 11:50 AM

14:10-17:20 PM

Little Breaks:

Several short breaks throughout class

Turn down ringers on mobile phones.

No smoking in classroom


BSS Course Agenda

Course 1: CDMA Foundation Theory

Course 2: BSS Hardware Intruduction and Operation

Course 3: PDSN Hardware Intrucduction and Operation

Course 4: Network Planning and Optimization Basic


Course 1CDMA Foundation Theory

• CDMA Overview

• CDMA Basic Principle

• CDMA Channel Structure and Modulation

• CDMA Key Technology


CDMA Overview

2004.2.10


Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the student

will be able to master: -- the history of mobile communication

-- the advantage of CDMA

-- CDMA migration from 2G to 3G

-- CDMA spectrum usage

-- the role of ZTE in CDMA


• Mobility：– flexible and convenient， global personal

communication

• Poor environment and conditions ：– Co-channel interference, multi-path(space and

time)shadow effect and delay, power change and other noise

• Multiple MS and channels：– Interference 、 near and far effect

• Limit of frequency resources

• Reliability is important

– registration, handoff, switching

Characteristics of Mobile Communication


11GG 22GG 33GG

Analog cellular

DDiiggiittaall cceelllluullaarr DDiiggiittaall cceelllluullaarr

VVooiiccee VVooiiccee //ddaattaa VViiooccee // hhiigghh ssppeeeedd ddaattaa

AAMMPPSS CCDDMMAA 11XXRRtttt CCDDMMAA22000000

TTAACCSS GGSSMM GGPPRRSS WW__CCDDMMAA

8800’’ 11999922 11999999 22000011 22000033

Evolution of Mobile Communications System

AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone SystemTACS: Total Access Communication SystemGPRS: General Packet Radio Services


CDMA-Its History & Status

• 1993, the first CDMA standard IS-95 was issued by Qualcomm(U.S.A);

• In 1995, CDMA technologie was put into commercialization in Hongkong and America on large scale;

• In 1997, CDMA trial networks were constructed in Beijing, Xi’an, Shanghai and Guangzhou in China;

• In April, 2001, China Unicom began to construct CDMA networks—the largest in the world;

• At present, CDMA commercial networks are established in about 40 countries or area, almost 20% of all users in the world.


Frequency reuse facto is 1;network design and expanding become much easier

Frequency reuse facto is 1;network design and expanding become much easier

Advantages of CDMAAMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS

CDMA

30 30 10 kHz

200 kHz

1250 kHz

1 3 1 Users

8 Users

20 Users1

1

11

1

11

11

1

11

1

1

12

34

43

2

56

17

Typical Frequency Reuse N=7



Vulnerability:C/I 17 dB

Vulnerability:C/I 12-14 dB

Vulnerability:Eb/No 6--7 dB

GSM


large coveragealmost 2 times than GSM, save money for operator

large coveragealmost 2 times than GSM, save money for operator

Example:cover 1000 km2： GSM need 200 BTS ， CDMA only need 50 BTS

Attention: exact result need “Link Budget ”

Example:cover 1000 km2： GSM need 200 BTS ， CDMA only need 50 BTS

Attention: exact result need “Link Budget ”

Advantages of CDMA


High spectrum capacity ， 8--10 times than AMPS,4—6 times than GSM

High spectrum capacity ， 8--10 times than AMPS,4—6 times than GSM

FrequencyTime

Power

FrequencyTime

Power

FrequencyTime

Power

FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

FDMA---Different user use different frequncy

TACS 、 AMPS

TDMA---Different user use different time slot of one frequency

GSM 、 DAMPS

CDMA---Different user use same frequency at the same time,but with different spreading code

Advantages of CDMA


High privacy,hard to wiretappingHigh privacy,hard to wiretapping

Spread code

Informationsignal

TX

Demodulatedsignal

RX

Spread code

Spread signalEach user is below the noise deeply

Advantages of CDMA


CDMA ：” make before break”---soft handoffOther systems: “make after break”---hard handoff

CDMA ：” make before break”---soft handoffOther systems: “make after break”---hard handoff

Use soft handoff, decrease drop-call rateUse soft handoff, decrease drop-call rate

Advantages of CDMA


Good voice quality, use 8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice coding—the best coding method in the world.

Good voice quality, use 8k,13K(QCELP,EVRC)voice coding—the best coding method in the world.

Voice quality(MOS)

64kPCM

13kGSM

8kCDMA

13kCDMA

8kEVRCCDMA

Advantages of CDMA


Perfect Power Control and voice activation make the MSPower low, healthy for humanbody—green mobile phone.

Perfect Power Control and voice activation make the MSPower low, healthy for humanbody—green mobile phone.

Advantages of CDMA

Mean Power Max Power

GSM: 125mW 2W

CDMA: 2mW 200mW

Mean Power Max Power

GSM: 125mW 2W

CDMA: 2mW 200mW


95A 95B Software update Replace MS to

get new service

95B 1X Add 1X channel board Software updat

e Replace MS to g

e new service

1X 1XEV Add 1XEV cha

nnel board Software upd

ate Replace MS to get new service

inexpesive

TechnicalScheme ：

Smooth migration to 3G and the operator’s benefit is protected at the most

Smooth migration to 3G and the operator’s benefit is protected at the most

Almost free inexpensiveEconomicScheme ：

Advantages of CDMA


CDMA 800 MHz Cellular Spectrum Usage

• All CDMA RF carriers are 1.25 MHz. wide– Can serve ~20 users /8 kb vocoder

Possible CDMA Center Freq. Assignments

Channel Numbers

Forward link (i.e., cell site transmits)Reverse link (i.e., mobile transmits)824MHz

849MHz

869MHz

894MHz

otherusesA” A”A B A’ B’

1 10 10 1.5 2.5

A B A’ B’

1 10 10 1.5 2.5

991

10231 333

334

666667

716717

799

991

10231 333

334

666667

716717

799

~300 kHz. “guard bands” possibly required if adjacent-frequency signals are non-CDMA (AMPS, TDMA, ESMR, etc.)


CDMA PCS 1900 MHz Spectrum Usage

Guard Bands

Forward link (i.e., cell site transmits)Reverse link (i.e., mobile transmits)1850 MHz

BT

A

BT

A

BT

A

BT

A

BT

A

BT

A

Paired Bands

MTA BTAMTABTA MTAMTA

1910 MHz

1930MHz

1990MHz

Data Voice

A D B E F C A D B E F C

15 51010 1515151515 555 55

Licensed Licensed

Unlicensed

0

Channel Numbers 299

300

400

699

700

800

900

1199 0

299300

400

699700

800

900

1199


CDMA Frequency ChannelAssignment at 800 MHz Cellular

IS-95 Recommends to Start CDMA Deployment with Either the Primary or the Secondary Channel

1

334

667

991

1023

333

666

715

799

716

ChannelNumbers

A Band B Band A’A” B’

1019 37 78 119 160 201 242 283 384 425 466 507 548 589 630 691 777

CDMA A-Band Carriers CDMA B-Band Carriers

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 8

* **** Requires frequency coordination with

non-cellular interferers

** Requires frequency coordination with A-band carrier

A Band Primary Channel 283A Band Secondary Channel 691

B Band Primary Channel 384B Band Secondary Channel 777

736


ZTE’s Activities in CDMA In 1995, CDMA mobile telecommunication project was started In November, 1999, ZTE signed the “Agreement on CDMA R&D” with

Qualcomm In August, 2000, the first field trial was set up. In September, 2000 ， ZTE presented the first CDMA handset with UIM in

the world. In January, 2001, the first cdma2000-1x call was passed through in lab In March, 2001, ZTE cdma2000-1x realized the integrated transmission of

voice, data & image.The data rate reach up to 153.6Kbps.

The certificates acquired:–CDMA 800M ZXC10-MSC/VLR, HLR/AUC,BSC, BTS network access licenses–CDMA 800M/1.9G ZXC10-BTS type approval certificates


ZTEA Famous CDMA Brand

2G/3G 终端

Abis

Abis

Abis

PSTN/PLMN

BSC/ PCF (1X)

Internet

路由器路由器IP

IP

BTS（ IS-95）

BSC（ IS-95）

Abis

E1Um

IS95

Um

IS2000E1 STM-1

E1 STM-1

Ethernet

MSC/VLR HLR/AUC

PDSN/FA

AAA

HA

OMC

SC

WINBTS（ IS-

95）

BSC/ PCF (1X)

BTS（ 1X）

BTS（ 1X）

E1

业务服务器

Ethernet


The End!

Documents

Copyright 2003, ZTE CORPORATION Welcome to ZTE University! 2004.2.10