Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.0 Part Three The Impact of Two World Wars and the Great Depression, 1914-1945

Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.© 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd. 11

Part ThreePart Three

The Impact of The Impact of Two World Two World Wars and the Wars and the Great Great Depression,Depression,1914-19451914-1945


Chapter TenChapter Ten

Canada in the Canada in the Great WarGreat War


Crowds swarmed into downtown Calgary the

night war was declared, August 4, 1914.

Calgary Herald.


As subjects of Canada’s enemy the Austro-

Hungarian Empire many “enemy aliens,” most of them ethnic Ukrainians

faced internment, these men were interned at

Castle Mountain, Banff National Park.

Glenbow Archives/NA-1870-6.


A group of soldiers, many of them Ontario Native people, before

going overseas in World War I. Photo taken in the North

Bay area..

Archives of Ontario/Acc. 9164 S15159.


“My Skin Is Dark But My Heart Is White,”

Canadian Patriotic Fund Poster..

Toronto Reference Library.


Canada at war, 1914–1917. Minimal

advances were made between 1914

and 1917, despite seven

major battles involving Canadians.

Source: Based on Elizabeth Abbott, ed., Chronicle of Canada (Montreal: Chronicle Publications, 1990), p. 579.


Canadian nursing sisters at 1st

Canadian Field Hospital, Etaples, France. They are

helping to clean up after a German bombing killed

three nurses, June 1918.

Library and Archives Canada/PA-3747


Cyril Barraud, The Stretcher-Bearer Party,

about 1918. The stretcher bearers

administered essential first aid before

transporting the wounded. In the

background soldiers carry duckboard, which

they used to bridge trenches and to

provide a secure footing in the mud.

Cyril Berraud, The Stretcher-Bearer Party, Accession number: 19710261-0019. Catalogue number: 8021, Beaverbrook Collection of War Art, © Canadian War Museum (CWM)..


On June 10, 1916, the 102nd Battalion

embarked for over-seas from Comox, Vancouver

Island. The whole Courtenay–

Comox community came to the harbour to see

them off.

Courtenay and District Museum and Archives/P215-1141.


An ad placed in The Farmer’s Advocate,

December 13, 1917, by the “Citizens’ Union

Committee.” The federal election of

December 1917 was one of the most

divisive in Canadian history as a result of

the implementation of the Military Service Act, or conscription

bill, that past summer.

Courtesy University Archives, Killam Memorial Library, Dalhousie University.


The view from Halifax’s waterfront after the great

explosion caused by the collision of a Belgian

vessel with a French munitions ship, December 6, 1917.

The blast, the subsequent tidal wave, and raging fire

killed over 1600 people and injured

9000, including 200 blinded

by flying glass.

National Archives of Canada/C-19951.


Parade in Calgary celebrating the

armistice and the end of World War I, November 11,

1918. Because of the influenza

epidemic, the Alberta government had two

weeks earlier ordered all citizens to

wear masks when outside their homes.

Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Canada/NA-431-5.


For What? By Frederick Varley, one of the four war artists

who later joined the Group of Seven.

Varley’s bleak painting of a burial

party at work behind the front lines makes a horrible statement on the futility of war.

F.H. Varley, For What?, Accession number: 19710261-0770, Catalogue number: 8911, Beaverbrook Collection of War Art © Canadian War Museum (CWM).

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Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.0 Part Three The Impact of Two World Wars and the Great Depression, 1914-1945