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Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Overcoming Obstacles to CommunicationOvercoming Obstacles to Communication
66
Eighth Edition
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Struggles with Sexual Harassment
Tim Boyle/Getty Images
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Communicator anxiety
Inadequate preparation
Vague instructions
Jumping to conclusions
Bypassing
Sexual harassment
Communication technology
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Are perceived as less competent
Are less likely to be offered an
interview
Make poorer impressions in interviews
Hold lower status & lower paying jobs
Experience less job satisfaction
© Jaso
n H
arr
is
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
SituationalSituational -- -- anxiety caused by factors present in a specific speaking situation
TraitTrait -- -- internal anxieties an individual brings to the speaking situation
Types include . . .Types include . . .
© R
og
er
Pers
son
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Prepare and practice!
Warm up
Concentrate on meaning
Use a relaxing introduction
Use deep breathing
Use visual aids
© R
og
er
Pers
son
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Genetic endowment
Experiences
Perception of current situation
Trait AnxietyInfluenced by three factors . . .Influenced by three factors . . .
NO
VA
Develo
pm
ent
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Use positive imagery or visualization>
© A
nnie
Dow
ie
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
“Creating a positive, vivid & detailed
mental image of yourself confidently
giving a successful presentation.”
© Jaso
n H
arr
is
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
We act as the person we “see” ourselves to be
© R
og
er
Pers
son
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Words +
Vivid Mental Pictures +
Feelings =
ConfidenceConfidence
AP/W
ide P
hoto
s
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Use your imagination
See yourself as the speaker you want to be
Picture yourself being successful
RememberRemember: Words + vivid mental pictures + feelings = confidence
Read a positive imagery exercise (p. 162)
Use positive imagery or visualization
© A
nnie
Dow
ie
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Systematic DesensitizationAnother anxiety reduction method . . .Another anxiety reduction method . . .
© Jaso
n H
arr
is
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Cognitive RestructuringAnother anxiety reduction method . . .Another anxiety reduction method . . .
© Jaso
n H
arr
is
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Skills TrainingAnother anxiety reduction method . . .Another anxiety reduction method . . .
NO
VA
Develo
pm
ent
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Begin with overall picture
Use few words
Make words specific & easy to
understand
Number or “signpost” objects or steps
Use simple comparisons
Use repetition
Use good delivery techniques
For clear instructions, follow these rules . .For clear instructions, follow these rules . . .
“Project F” on p. 166
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission or rejection . . .
U.S. EECO, 2006b
--affects employment
--interferes with work performance
--creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Review organizational policies
Project friendly but professional image
Confront harasser in assertive manner
Document incidents of harassment
Report incident to supervisor
Weigh consequences of further action
Suggestions for handling it . . .Suggestions for handling it . . .
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Quid pro quo
Hostile work environment
Previous definition includes two basic concepts. . .Previous definition includes two basic concepts. . .
-- -- promise of rewards (promo- tion or perks) or threat (loss of job) ----when con-ditions are “intimidating, hostile, or offensive”
Tim
Boyle
/Gett
y Im
ag
es
(Refer back to case study, p. 155)
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Employees learn the system rapidly
Social contacts are valuable
Improved quality of work life
Enhanced creativity
Communication TechnologyAdvantages to social e-mail . . .Advantages to social e-mail . . .
NO
VA
Develo
pm
ent
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
It is legal for employers to inspect employee e-mail
Senders seldom proof-read for content or tone
People respond to e-mail, IM’s, & blogs even when uncertain or angry
Senders overlook the value of mirroring others’ sensory channels
Disadvantages to e-mail , IM, & Blogs . . .Disadvantages to e-mail , IM, & Blogs . . .
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
Less emotion and conflict
Participation more organized
Decision-making equal to face-to-
face
Participation more equal
Less satisfying than face-to-face
Characteristics of electronic meetings . . .Characteristics of electronic meetings . . .
Jose
Luis
Pela
ez,
In
c./C
OR
BIS
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
66Analyze the conversation between the Chief & Sergeant Richards (see Checkpoint 6.1). Analyze the conversation between the Chief & Sergeant Richards (see Checkpoint 6.1).
Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 6
66