Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormone: A molecule produced in one organ that is secreted into the blood, and has a physiological effect on specific

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hormone: A molecule produced in one organ that is secreted into the blood, and has a physiological effect on specific target cells in a different organ


Figure 13.4 A negative feedback loop involving a hormone.


Figure 13.1 Components of the human endocrine system. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW ALL DETAILS)


Figure 13.1 Components of the human endocrine system. (KNOW THESE 9 ORGANS)

1

3

4

6

52

7

9

8


Figure 13.12 The thyroid and parathyroid glands.


Steroid Hormones

• cortisol, cortisone

• aldosterone

• testosterone

• estrogen

• progesterone


Figure 13.2 Mechanism of steroid hormone action on a target cell.


Figure 13.3 Mechanism of nonsteroid hormone action on a target cell.


Table 13.2 Hormones of the endocrine glands other than the hypothalamus and pituitary (1 of 2)


Table 13.2 Hormones of the endocrine glands other than the hypothalamus and pituitary (2 of 2)


Table 13.1 Hormones of the pituitary gland


Figure 13.8 Effect of growth hormone on body growth.


Figure 13.14 A goiter caused by dietary iodine deficiency.


Endocrine glands that are composed of nerve cells

• Posterior pituitary

• Adrenal medulla


Figure 13.5 Posterior pituitary lobe and hypothalamus. (2 of 2)


Figure 13.7 The relationship between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.

Thyroid follicle

Thyroid follicle

Colloid Follicular epithelium

Acini Pancreatic islets

Duct

Acini Ducts Pancreatic islets

Posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary

Adrenal capsule

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla


Figure 7.2 Blood.


• Anti-coagulents: inhibit blood clotting

• Must be added to blood immediately after collection

• Most common: Heparin and EDTA


Table 7.1 Composition of blood


Figure 7.1 The transport role of the circulatory system.


Figure 7.5 The production of blood cells and platelets.


Figure 7.3 Red blood cells.


Figure 7.7 A neutrophil attacks a Bacillus bacterium.


Figure 17.10 Leukocytes.

(a) Neutrophil; multilobed nucleus

(b) Eosinophil; bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules

(c) Basophil; bilobed nucleus, purplish-black cytoplasmic granules

(d) Small lymphocyte; large spherical nucleus

(e) Monocyte; kidney-shaped nucleus


Abundance of various WBC

Neutrophils ~65%

Lymphocytes ~25%

Monocytes ~8%

Eosinophils ~3%

Basophils ~0.5%

There are about 1,000 times more RBC than the total of WBC


Functions of leukocytes (WBC)

• Lymphocytes – specific immune response (make antibodies and antibody-like proteins)

• Eosinophils – protect against parasites

• Basophils – contribute to allergic response

• Platelets – initiate blood clotting

• Neutrophils and Monocytes – protect against bacteria and fungi


Neutrophil

Nucleus

Red blood cell

Neutrophil

Basophil

Red blood cells

Nucleus

Lymphocyte

Red blood cell

Red blood cells Platelets

Monocyte Nuclei

Neutrophil

Nucleus Monocyte

Red blood cell

Red blood cell

Eosinophil

Nucleus


Figure 7.8 The stages of hemostasis.


Figure 7.9 Magnified view of a developing clot, showing red blood cells trapped in a network of fibrin fibers.


Figure 7.12 Characteristics of the four major blood types of the ABO typing system.


Figure 7.11 How antibodies recognize and inactivate foreign cells.


Figure 7.13 How Rh factor incompatibility can affect a fetus.


• Why are antibodies to erythrocyte antigens A and B not a problem for pregnancy (like anti-Rh antibodies)?


Figure 7.14 Blood typing for ABO blood types.




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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormone: A molecule produced in one organ that is secreted into the blood, and has a physiological effect on specific