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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Course: PC 63
Human Exceptionality
Required Textbook:Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School Professionals, (2nd Edition).
by Marilyn Friend
Why you need this textbook:• You will be tested from this book
• Reading Assignments
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Chapter 1
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any
images;• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Specially designed instruction
no cost to parents
meets the unique needs of a child with a disability
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Physical and occupational therapy
Speech-language pathology services
Psychological services
Interpretation services
Transportation
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
provided in regular education classes or other settings
word prediction softwarePreferential seatingParaprofessional
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Extended the right to special education to children of all disabilities
1972Mills v. District of Columbia
Tests used for eligibility for special education must be non-discriminatory; class placement parallel to “Diana” for African American – only in Ca.
1972Larry P. v. Riles
Guaranteed special education for children with mental retardation
1972PARC (Pa Association for Retarded Citizens)
no segregation by race - (education - a right and not a privilege)
class placement – students tested in primary language
1954
1970
Brown v. Board of EducationDiana v. State Board of Education
ImportanceDateCase
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
1975 – Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) amended as P.L. 94-142
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
1986 - Services to infants and young children1
990 – Name changes to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Autism and Traumatic Brain Injury added
1997 – Additions Discipline of students with disabilities Parent participation expanded Assessment of all students with disabilities
2004 – Name changes to Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Conflict resolution strategies included Evidence-based practices for instruction required
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Development of inclusive practices
Overrepresentation of some ethnic groups
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Zero Reject (Zero exclusion principle)
Free Appropriate Public Education
Least Restrictive Environment
Nondiscriminatory Evaluation
Parent and Family Rights to Confidentiality
Procedural Safeguards
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008“Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006”
Nondiscriminatory and Multidisciplinary Assessment
Testing students in their native or primary language.
Using valid tests and evaluation procedures prevent cultural or racial discrimination.
Utilizing several pieces of information.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Parent and Family Rights to Confidentiality & Procedural Safeguards
Informed Consent for testing and placement.
Participate on the committee.
To inspect and review educational records.
To request a copy.
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Civil rights for all people with disabilities
Prohibits discrimination based on disability
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Extends protections to both public and private sectors, regardless of federal funding
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008“Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006”
Visual impairment
Traumatic brain injuryOther health impairments
Specific learning disability
Speech or language impairment
Orthopedic impairmentMultiple disabilities
Mental retardationHearing impaired
Emotional disturbanceDevelopmental delay (3-9)
Deaf-blindnessAutism
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Inclusion
- Universal Design for Learning
- Evidence-based practices
- Assistive Technology
Positive Behavior Supports
Collaboration
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008“Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006”
mainstreaming
least restrictive environment
inclusive education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008“Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006”
1960s - Maindumping=No Support!!
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008“Copyright© Allyn & Bacon 2006”
Full inclusion
Partial inclusion
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
Time
Language & cultural understanding
Transportation
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Respect the uniqueness of families.
Recognize that families have different understandings of their children’s special needs.
Match your strategies and resources to family needs.
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Availability of assessment results
Assessment in English of ESL students after three years of language instruction
Demonstration through standard assessment of academic proficiency for most students by 2013-2014
Sanctions for schools that fail to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) two years in a row
Highly qualified teachers for all students
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Can students with disabilities be held to the same standards of discipline as other students?
Chapter 1: Key Concepts for Understanding Special Education