269

Copyright by Srujana Merugu 2006

  • Upload
    lymien

  • View
    224

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

!#""$

% '&()*)*#*+,-.-/+'012*34 5 **+637)8*3#8*3)9:);* =7?@=)*+A0B* C01DD+>EF 4?3)*)***#*+HG

IKJL3MONPJQ4RSMOTVUXW@TVY9NPZ4JZ[\RLOJZ[^]_T`ZTVNHYMHJaFTcb d'U4T`e*L

;-.-.+G

f g?3ih( )

Hjkl O*=l)

m ))8n;D?3 5o

p 3? q*+9&(3DD+

r >shC#*

m >-.3?

IKJL3MONPJQ4RSMOTVUXW@TVY9NPZ4JZ[\RLOJZ[^]_T`ZTVNHYMHJaFTcb d'U4T`e*L

tvuwkxyOz`y|{~}3uwVw88{qt;9i:2}

}3u#y z *7)77?@/*

% @s@*3

c c

p E3D:?D: o l? hC )*0 7 2 6+7D+2#*+7vEF+*S-.* DD*37);7#)3?S7*D+S3?3: -.FD+ S* +?3+* 5 *+P p `E;)3) 5 3)**7 5 #7-.7;*3# o 3-. ? * 7#D+ H&v7#)E 7 p E;) 5 -4D+7D+D) p -\7-47D+#0q3D3:-01 7D:+=: |-43?37D+ -4*>E *|)s*7)*7# 5 @?|)sO)*H p E3D?iD o s* o *0 p ? q*+F&(3D:D+01C+=l A-443O**3+ 5 DD: #FE*/3-K3?7 #'3+3D)*:-S3D:#* S?/7 5 3:

)* 5 :DD+.;3?.F3jlF# o O j3l3#* m )*)*j39D3?3 D: 5 Hjn; 5 4O? *7? m 5*o=8013013D)*3-.-4B3)*+EF)*3+P

p 7= 7A0*33#(.37=CE3? 013DD -.#7)9g=8* (7#)8?E3D?D: o .*3 o * 7-DDjv7)O 5 DD+iF?3HjvFD+OjB:3?3-sj;3)j`h(3#Hjv'33Dj33lj3*73)*Hjl#Hj01 7327DD+3 5 9OD+93?-. o : C `D C0+73?3D+kD 5 (E o l*3?A'33D? 7)*=')* 5 :D*3 o );01 7 S) O3 5 24-4C)*+C0B37=l 4 5 )**DAD:)7A/-Ss)*DD+)+7)

+ % 3 os 3A@D:D-S,? 7#C01+7?3)G m >=jPnD:lj r )

jP2+lj Pj&2Pjll-.:D+j m 5 3+*lj m 5 3lj m ?33 o lj m #Hj0 7 C-E|-S 5 /V-47=/D:D3#*33?P

B3DDj*3)`* 7)*)`E3D:?. 7= 7.))* D+9+0H 0* FD>=l =j0q+*@?@? -.:3#*+s3>=EHj k3)* 7?A-4CE37 p 3?s=7s Pj 3?@D+g=7?@-4')D+ 5 @?

vvV>`P`

k>*+@8 #2lV7k>

=l

IKJL3MONPJQ4RSMOTVUXW@TVY9NPZ4JZ[\RLOJZ[^]_T`ZTVNHYMHJaFTcb d'U4T`e*L

D 5 #*+A

l*34@3Hj P&S% 'F+=)*+/0 % l)F#F)*Hj !#""$

O*=:)7G f >l? h( )*

&()* 7?4D7#3 (-4* l?3)*#`=D+=9 5 * l-470EF 9.?3+=l? B3? 5 9)#CE 7*34>=DDD7#3 3* 5 7)*)C)(?3=?37?,AE)* *) o )7Gq! "$#jPEF3 5

=

:=D+=7):3 &%'( ")*+-,.0/.3* :D)* 5 -.? 7D:) )7?* (D+ 5 Dk?3#*lj 3?1q"2 3$45 "76-8#069 :3j;E3*A* sD+ 5 D;-4l? 7D)#*s3)*-.+7? 5 7D 5 - 7jEF3 5 ,#7)2* 7- *.D+ D-4l? 7D )7?,* 33+s0*3S017#* *7)>=:D D+@#DD;* )*7) % 01-.D+,3??3? 7)*)4* 7)E*) o )j;E? 3/)*D *+s)#s*3# 5 -43)7);0B* * 5 * 5 D 5 -4O 7*)

B+)jE23*+0* F3+=# 5 40P?3#*

3*7 3)2?3#*.)3 5 7)2)*34* =l? 4A3* 5 )*01-3D#*+i0* .-4l? 7DB#*+* D+7-3?*>=l? .M 5 +7v)D: *+3)0 *S?) 5 *;3? 5 * 3)v? -.:3)ON9D)*F37)7)* 5 :D+7?4)D3*+3)v0 5 ** 5 -/-4 5 6 #*+3):=D+=l C3# 5 5 Dl? : .3? 5 3?3*+3DH3?37? 7 5 5 3)*)

% i+3D+'* 7 D:+0 S01-4E o jE3*g=:? /7-4k+ 5 D`*7)*3D+*)01F/=#+s0VD+7#3 4*) o )2)* 5 ,) 5 D:3)3 j 5 D)*)*6 5 #*+@3?,)7-. ) O*=:)7?D7#3 i?3 O*72O7)(0?3#*)**) 5 3)*)** /0*=Dj 5 # 5 DV3?i?3+ 5 *3D# 7)jE3 5 .? 7-43)*#F*#`* F3*O)7?.D++*3-.) 5 /3>=l? 83+3D*7)*3D+*);EF+* 9- 5 ,D+)*);0B3+=# 5

P c

QSRTVUOWXZY"[\^]'_`[BU'acb d

QSefb.acgh!Ra dOi9i

j i"b.akWIlnmKh!eoY[b pqdOi

j i"b.akWIlsrsi"]It^g[$b pOiup

vwOh!x^ac[gzy {U'a|g|Wq\otORa|i"WIU y} } 5 * 5 D p )*) 7)9s&() 7? 7#3 '''C

! ! ! m 3? - * #*+,@* l?3) C'''C

= &() 5 3)*)*+

$ $ VO:-47*)8''C''C

= #-. 5 ?37D p #*+_''C

QSxfx[BUO\oipv zW7acha|i"W'Ul-WIgvAWRY9t^b.ac[gi9U^] 77

QSxfx[BUO\oip Wq\^[BYK{U'ac[]7gha|i"WIUg|WqWIl-b 7&S } 37#* * )7?&2 5 -4O)*+*+''C

! } n*-/?3+=7 5 7)80B)-4'OD# 5 =@0q3 5 *+)'C 3? ;4 > #sO 5 *#*+3)* o 7>=.* 5 *7)O3?3 ? 7?*3)J1 +jg=SDDv* 5 D-.3)(3?DDv* *gE)C* 4*gE 5 D3)C? -/ 7? 5 )*'0 ; > F''C''C

$ $ 7 )D3.**K'0S* 5 3) 5 * `)c 8^4,'?3#*EqDD=#D 7);3)*3 5 # 5 D:3)3.-4* l?3) )*7?s@)*3#*7? 5 D?37s?3)* 5 S3? p ?3+=7 5 '3? 5 # 5 D) )*)9'C'''C

= m 7)*3D+*)8s* A4 2 68#*S?3#*)01 5 D))*+6 5 #*+PV'''C

} } Vl-.D+C07 D?3) 7?D+7#33) 5 73#+ C'''C

$ ;# 5 D3): # )7?#3*7 -.#*0C)*-4kD+ =#"?F=#" -.#+ )* A=##+3) 5 # 5 D3)* )7)7j)*3#*7??3)***+i3??K = N3D9* -.#+)V 5 -4D 5 #7?.0IjD:D )7)`0*- E#?3)s 55 ##3*7 -.#*+Pi*3#sDDF-.# 5 7)A#*i)* gEEF+*4 5 3)*:)7O- *#*+1EF3 5 *3 5 # 5 D3): C63?3)P017)=l)*D 5 -4#)*H'C

$ F337 -.#*+**q3-.D+7?)*3#*7?*)c 8O.,.3): E3? 5 D:3-. 5 D3))F*3#2* 5 # 5 D3): D++*3-)7)s''C

! B+3*7)q3? ;)* gE -4D+7)0V) 5 73#+)*3# 5 3? 5 3 (#* 7?A3+# 5 3 5 Dk01)

3+H % 2)*3? 7?A l? 7)#*(* )3? 7)3?s* C*7)*#*=8*7)*D+7?* 5 *7#*+40OD#*?) 7?*O)*++7)gE=7j2l 5 * 3)0q3D o 3>ED+7?3,01*-)* 5 *O)+7)/:)407 5 3DD+7 : ?3 @*7DED:? 5 3):*))7-.-.: 01*-^3+= 5 jgE )

3+Pj 5 -4k *#*+3D(3? 5 -.-33 5 #*7) 5 *+)/*3#s-.>*=7A 01*-^?+* 5 *D+:#*: * ?3:) 37? ?3#*) 5 7).)* * s?3*+3D9?3#*E;#*7 )* '#3* 5 H -4D+j'* .0H )k+*D)-.+VE;`S3D+8* -.7?3 5 DP 5 ?3)F0* 7+2#*+7*)A? 7*+01?3:)7)= 5 7))*333S-3D+*+D# 5 DPD+ 5 #*+3)9) o 4O*0-K?#*43D+l)*)A* 7+97l**9?3#*lVF3* V-4O**#3D 5 #*S) 5 7#+'=D+=7)BE7#* `37?3 5 *+ )7?,*7-4)73)*: /?3#*/E *S* S3 *);01*--3D+*D+C)*#7DD7)8()73)) 5 3 2?3+* 5 *D+ 5 - 37?? 3?3E? *47) 5 *+)`l 5 *7D ED?3* D+7-.)37=73#7?SD+`0H*7).?3:) 37?4?3#*

NHYvMOJY8e LLORTVLJZIKJL3MONPJQ4RSMOTVUXW@TVY9NPZ4JZ[ 55 7)*)0q3DV#3kD 5 #*+i08?3:) 37??#*-. s-4* l?3)jv >E=7jV 7?3)

5 D3? 7)`#DD7D+7#*+l )7? 5 337)jE3*FDD3* 5 DD: #* '#*+7)`#**73+*7?A0-.6 7?)737 5 '0))8?3-. 7? A 5 7D 5 ?3 3#7 p ? '?3? 7)*))* 5 4) 5 73#+)7j+) 5 7)*)*#

=* 5 DD+#**+* 7?3+*DD+#**+*+37?H p *7D D:+0j; gE=7j9*3*,#*A3- 20`-4 5 -4kD+,)*+*#*+3)FE ** ?3 O*7()*+7) 5 *i>=D#33)**)/0C 5 *)3?017#* *7)j8 +j9* ?3#*#*,37+* .=** 5 DD+ 3+*DD+k#**+*+ 7?P33** 7jB* ) 5 *-3D+*`#* 5 -. *#*+ ; # $> =+E_093+=# 5 7-.D+>7?|* ,-4)*/0C* ,l)** 3+= 5 3*7)**=: ?3) 7??3#* -.3: 5 33 7)C? 7)( 5 -4D+7D7 5 #)3D#* 4-.i *+i0`+=# 5 jEF3 5 i)5 D)7D+*7D#7?@/* =D:#3 )*)20V017#* *7)j 3'6,9#;6CBc6", % A3 5 D8#3kD 5 #*+) 5 7#+) : EF3 5 DFEHGI:JKI:LNMOIPL=G9Q:RTS'G9UVIWM9XY=MQFI:RZI:RTG[U\R]U\^RT_`Ma_FYJ'b'R]M9XcbdM9_FJeG9fI:L=RT_P_FJ1IFI:RTU=^\g\hPL=J1Q:J'M9_jiJ1QFI:RTbdM9X;YNMOQFI:RZI:R]G9U=RTU=^R]_jU=GIjkJ'bdM9l\_FJ-G[kmCJ'bnI:_KMQ:J-U\G9Ij_FLNMOQ:Jdo!M9pG9U=^qI:L\JK_FRZI:J'_'rts`GdhtJ'iJnQdgNG[lAQ`M9Y=YAQ:GMbnLub'M9U!MX]_FG+kJeMY=Y=XTRTJdohPL=J'UvI:L\J-o\RZwxJ1Q:J1UIP_FRZI:J'_j_FLNMOQ:J-G[kmCJ'bnI:_jkVy+IFQ:JdMOI:R]U\^qI:L=J1pzM9_Ppql\XTI:RTY\X]JHG[kmCJ'b1I:_'r

*3*#*8-3D+*+kD+ 5 D:D #* C#*+7)BE+* 5 6k? 7*:D3?3#* )7)`0? 7jO)) D+>=D:#3 ) 5 37-.) %

.

1

.

.

0

1

0.

.

.

160

200

195

190.

.

.

156

195

300

290

.

.

.

110

140

100

150

.

.

.

0

1

0

1

.

.

.

130

85

136

129

P*(A,B,C)

P3(A,C)2P (B,C)1P (A,B)

.

.

.

.

x11x12x13

x1m1

.

.

.

.

x21x22x23

x2m2

.

.

.

.

x31x32x33

x3m3

SOURCE X1SOURCE X2 SOURCE X3

S.No S.No S.No

.

.

...

Alcoholic(A)

Cholestrol Cholestrol Blood BloodLevel (B) Level (B)

Alcoholic(A) Pressure(C)Pressure (C)

v * } } GVl-.D+C0B47 DP?) 7?AD+7#33) 5 7#+

% 3)v)##*+0 5 5 3)V =l#7)B* 8 7?01B3*-.7 ( 5 -.D 5 #7? 5 *+=0q3 5 **3#

: aFTVNOaJ*T-, dM T TVLOJ*L% 3)C* 7))E#?3:) 37?D+7#33@0-4E o )7? * E#)**#,D+7# ,#3* 5 ?37) 5 7?*3*=3)S)* 5 *+3?3*g=?37)i? *:D+7?? 7) 5 +*+0S* i=#3) 5 -.37*) % )* 5 6 5,5 *+3) 5 *?3D+* O7?

7?A-4l? 7DB+ * } C)* gE)*3q>E03* * 7)*)7B;3# ! 3*g=:? 7)F*=l+E03*7D#7?

E o

FrameworkLearning

Bregman Clustering

Chapter 5

Local Learning via

Chapter 6Local LearningBregman

via

Related Work &

Chapter 2

Introduction

Chapter 1

Weak Dependency

Strong Dependency

Chapter 9

Conclusion

Chapter 3

Chapter 8

Chapter 7

Homogeneous Data Sources

Model Integration for

ModelbasedDistributed

Background

Model Integration for

Heterogeneous Data SourcesCoclustering

Chapter 4Informationtheoretic

Privacy

B+3* } ! GBD+>E 0*3'* 7)*)7

01-.#*+ * ** 5 ? 6k3+*+03+=# 5 09s?3#*s7*+EF+*i*7)O 5 '7 #*+=-4l? 7DHA-.)80* 'D: o 7D l?/0B* '?3#*.7*+ % );? 63+*73 D+7)3) 5 3# 5 s%'( ")*+-,.0/.-.? 7D:)V*3#;#*27)*)7*D 0-SlD#*+s0B* SD+ 5 DD+7#33* D+7-s % 3);3* D)** 5 =l+E O8D)/D:D+>E)3)S, 5 #)* D+7-47*DV 01-.#**3#S-/+ 5 * 3+=# 5 i0/?3#*+7-c)8E7DD) 5 #3* *

-. 5 D:3)301-4E o; n; "= jn;,&'h "=> jvE3 5 )'#D 5 D@D#*5 D)*)H0 ?3:)* 5 V-47)*3*7)P3?'?#*9O7) % 5 +=`*3:)ODjgEV63)H*7? 63 01-.#*+ * ** 5 3+=# 5 AE+*@7)O 5 FAn*-. 5 D3) .,-.)F0* ;O 5 7?4n*-.4?)**+Pj3?* 73>=l? ;D3#9?33Dn*-.5 D3) -.#7?|+E7DD 7 #* #**+6 5 DF)*-4D7).01*-*33? D+l ?3)

3*+3)43)*: # o >=|;;#D+ 5 33: 7)7j;?* 763* 5 - 7?sD+ DP-4l? 7DOE+*s 5 )7sk#-4 5 0-* 7)')*-.D+7)

vwOh!x^ac[gZPWq\^[BYK{U'ac[$]Ig|h!a|i"WIUlW7gz[$ac[g|WI]7[BUO[WIt^bJha|hEW'tOgR[b p C*3) 5 3# 7j E 5 3)*? ;* C-4l? 7DO#*+A3 D+7-_09* (7 D 5 )CE *(* ?3 O*7)*+7)3>=2?3=)j))* D+S>=D:#3 )*)0H07#*3*7);3?.3>=l? F)l)7-.#* 5 01-3D#*+s)* *

*32-.# .7D+7-47*)jl3?/*3 D?.D>E 5 )*(D)j +j N jl? 7 2* 5 D3-.?>E = 5 ) % 3)O)0

cK c

% 3) 5 3#323*>=l? 7) 0v)*3*=A03*=l+3);E o ?3:) 37?sD+7#334 5 l37)v?4D+#* *7D:#7?C3+=# 5 *7)*=l 2 5 337)v?7 #*+=-.? 7D+ )7?,D7#3 5 * ! } *=l+E)87#D+E o ?3)* 7?sD7#3 4 5 33 7)*#-/3D+01 5 )7??3? *7)*) 5 -4 *#*+D 5 )*)4)*) 5 #7?E+** ?) 7?#* *(0*3(?#*.3?s-4*+=##7)9* 5 5 7)9E'-. o =DDD7#3 *) o % )F#3* 5 )(? 7Dv0'?) 7?)** )(*3#C*73+D+gE 5 -.-33 5 #*+ 5 )**)')(3D+)-.DDB-43(030-/*s 7?A F)*-.+7?H p 9D)4DD+gE);* C3?+=:?33D #*+7).3)(3*3+*#*D+*3-.)9?@? -. o gED+7? '/0-*3'D+ 5 DD+7#33

2DDO* C?3) 7?D+7#3: S-4*3?3)9?37) 5 7?A >=')*)*-4(*3#9* *')95 7D 5 - : C*3#'6DD+,:#7)

5 D:)*);0-4*3?3);EF *(* *C); 4 *+A0v 5 7D 5 - : 83?A* C#*+0* 4*7)*D+*)()(D)AO*0-47?ii?3 5 7D:+7?0q)*3+i)C* 5 ).0 5 **?) 7?())*7-.) ; ih "}.> ?CO#O E o ) ; 3 "}4> p C*3)H?3:) 5 3)*)*HjESD o #F)-.

EF? 7D+)7??3 i* O3D:#+0? 5 :)*+|*7) % 37)i 5 33: 7) ; f ' j 2 $ jPF > E-.:3D+s? =7D+O7??? *7)*)2)*)*37)F)* 5 i)(D-.+7?-47-4*j5 -. *#*+3D)O7? 5 +jV3?=D+=/k#DD+7D7 * ? 5 :)*+D+*3- ?) * 4* ?3#*A3?,* 5 -4 *#*-. s?3 O*7F3* 5 7)*)))*+7)

;DD+ 5 *+=93+# 5 3 5 D 5 D:3)32-4*3? ; f > )B * 5 D3): F 5 33 ;3*#O)7?0(=** 5 DD+A#**+* 7??3#**3#(=D+=7)73#* AD+ 5 D? 73?3-.)F07 5 09* A?3#*,)* 5 7)jBE3 5 #* 7 5 - 7? 3)* ,,)*#*:)* 5 )7?* 3?3)s*

&!'& NPJa9YBu3NHT`LkTVNOaJZ[I_YMOYb JZ4JZ[ Te Z4J

*3-.# o @E* o gE * 5 *DC3*01*7 5 7)s07 5 5 3)-4> % o :? 7,:* 7)* 5 33 7))i* *33D?3#* 01** 5 DD+ 5 *+3*#5 7)) ?3? 43?3-*#-47 )'3?@* 7s* 5 3)* 5 * .83)* * Sn>7)3D+ ; C ""> (@ )7?D++*3- ; F "}4> n(3SD-/+*#*+A0* 7)#33* 5 7):)8*3#F* @#*

k# ; ih( r "$> ?3? *7))7)v*3)v3? 73 5 j +jlS?#*S 5 ?:)`3+=#2+0H* *?37)9 9 )9OD+l -.Dk*-4CD++*3-*3# 5 5 -. '+93)*: S*3C )*=7?: 0-.#*+H % o ?37@)',O*0-* .*73+7? 5 -4 *#*3) *3#D:D+>E)'E#**7)'_?n2jPE+*7)O 5 *+=. 3*)u 3?i 5 -. .* 4=#D 09,)O 5 +637?i0q3 5 *+HjH5 ! % ) 5 /?3* 5 *D+,#D+7?iD+7#33A) 5 73#+):=D+=l E.k#**+7)933?39* ')*)*3-.3*+*3# 7* 90*3C#**+7)8:)9-.D 5 +)% +=# 5 37)*=l p & ~D++*3-\3*O)7? ; "!|> :) -4D+A0) 5 #D 5 #*+P % 3:)? 7'3)`D) 74l73? 7?4-SD+* #*) 5 73#+)V) 5 .)`* )?? *7)*)7? ; r "! j r " ~ > @3) /?3#*)##*+i) 5 7-4*3#(?3) 7)9* :#*0* 2D7#3

EF3 5 s:)8 9=*A017)* D+(01D#*S?3) 7??3#* )7)

&!10 W@TVY9NPZ4JZ[ QY9LTVU dFZ ]_TZTVNHYMOJ*aFTb d'U4T`eL% *s#*sE-.:#33* 5 7)4D+7# z 7 #*+=,3??3) 5 -.3#*= p 73#*+=#3* 5 Hj(* ?3#*)A)*)*3-47?37= 7|7 #7? 3* D)* 5 7 #*+* 5 7)).? O73? 74 5 *#-4 5 73#*+=,-.? 7Dj +j-. l* *0;h(3))*3)jP?,*3D7#3 *) o )20-3D#7?)Ci*-.+7#*+* D+7-K*3#:=D+=7)87)*-.#*34* C#-4)90B*3);-4l? 7DV2+= 3??lO 5 *#*+l,l-/+7#*+ ; & m |> D++*-~012-.+* 7)**-.#*+i#*4 -4D+7)207 #*+=.D+7#3 5 33: 7)7 p is?3:) 5 -.:3#*+=j;)))*3-47?*3#4* s?3#*:)S7- 7?3? 7?) 5 AE+*E7DD ? 637? *0F?3)* 5 .)-.D#+3?* AD+7#3: *) o )0-S3D:#7? -/)S03*-.+7: , 5 *+=20q3 5 *+ )7?.*3)?3)* 5 ;)*-.D:#+-47)* l 3O*= 5 9-.5 3 7) ; r # > 3? 5 D3)* AD++*-.) )7?i#kl#**+*3 ; l' |> #* -4D7);0v?3:) 5 -.:3#*+=FD7#3 S 5 337) p A3 5 **79E o j E'? 3;7l#*+=FD+7#3 ( 5 3 7)`)*: 5 83* D)** 5 **7)7*#*+/0H?3#* j)737 5 8?3#*q3? ?37/# o >=/-4l? 7D) ; l- j?3+* 5 *+D ?3#*Z1=A:)7)VB)* -4?37D)( ; n;&'h' " ~ >?sF?3#*zq3+=Sn>7)F-3D+*: -.DO-4l? 7D)( ; ( % "">

% `#*`F3- H0 5 D3): 83? 5 D))*+6 5 #*+

D:D+=:#`*3)3* D+7-s 3D:#v3#?l 5 D3) D++*3-.))* 5 )j\' ; , 5 $> j)* 5 D o -473) ; &C "}> 3?@n*-/,3#? 5 D3) ; n9&'h "=> 5 ,D) < 3*7?)C7 #*+= 5 D3)* AD++*-.) )7?i-. l* *7)208h(3)*)3)jH=,)7)B)*3-4l? 7D)7jV3?lO 7*D;-4?37D)

*#8=D=7);#**+*+ S #**+2#E+*=** 5 7) 5 **7)O3? E)? 5 D-.3) % /*7?3)

3D?*0 ; " > 01 l73)*=)*3*==#3) 5 # 5 D:3)3-4l? 7D)S3*O)7? D+#* 3? * 7+#3D: 5 #*+3) m 5 7*D+j*3*7=D) 7* 5 D) 0-S3D:#*+3) ; n "= j8h P "=> *3#s#*5 D)7D+ 5 3 5 7? 5 # 5 D:3)3 j 3EF /*3S3 Ds-47)* Z:= ^ df- %^g=F*)9) % 3'-47q?3:) 3*+IB0 );+=7

; f > ^ f-f - ^ f f F7 5 j

( ^ f81nf -eo 5

^ =5cIf - 7 +j(- *3D(30-/#*+)A* n*-. : 0-.#*+|0 E 7;)* ?+=*7 5 l:-.D#Dj093?3-=## D (*3#;* o 7)9=#D 7)* ();03* D+

?3 O*7)*3D)jl3?AD+ (3* D+-.7)* *( s % 7Hjl* (n*-.: 0-.#*+0(3? -=# D+*3#* o 7)=D: 7)B>0DD>E3sOjEF+* p * o +.?3)* 5 ')8* EA)O 5 3-sn;)7?* 5 3 5 *+ E7*3 5 **7)*?3 5 = 0q3 5 *+3?* A #*+=7*02hC3)*)** 5 7))7) ; %sB} j D |> j+ 5 8)

>E.*3#* n*-. 01-.#*+ 7CAB)* f 73)7l 33 ,?3+=*7 5 0* S73#* A3* 5 7)*)7)(3? F*3))*3-43*@*3#*3A#C73D-47Hj)*#*3#*@h(3)*)*:s3* 5 7)*)7)

!

cz

p *) 5 3#37jBE/3*7)*7@3* D)** 5 -4?37D )7?01-4E o 01?) 7?D7#3 *3#* o 7)s: 55 3A3+= 5 7) 5 *+)/3?|)#3D 5 D+s E?3 .09) 5 73#)CE *4*3/?3 O*7')*+7)'3>=?3=)jO)*) D+@g=D#3k @)*)0017#* *7)7&( F0-4E o ? 3*)2-4l?33D:#-4*D+7# #3* 5 ,E 7@* ?#*(3+=# 5 S))* 7)B#*9? 5 D7?0*-*3 o gED+7? 8#*+4:)*)* 7)

:7*3)?3:) 37?.?3#*-.33') 5 73#+)E F+`:)`7)*)*7*Dk01D+7#3: #3* 5 /)*#*)*0* C01DD+>EF * *'73*7-47*)G

q % 5 -4 *#*+3* 5 7)*)C)* 3D:?3C=+D:#4* 43+=# 5 73*7-47*)(00v* 'k#** 5 +#*: Sk#**+7)

q % ?3:) 37?'D+7#3: 83* 5 7)*)v)* 3D:? -4l?33D:#P7 (DD+>E* #** 5 #* C#*+7)V-. o (3)80H* 7`3*+*#*4D+*3-.)V3?? -.: o 3>ED 7?3

q" % 'D+7#3: 3* 5 7)*)8)* D?s=D+==

7? 5 )*)2A* C017)* D+(3C: * 7)*/*73+*7-.7*)S=l+E'jvE >E 5 3)*:?

?3@ 5 DD3?3jHE3 5 )C C=**7D)** 5 3 5 * 5 .n7)*?37)jP* 5 -4k *#*+3D? 5 -.-33 5 #* 5 )*)0H*3)#33* 5 #FD)S3*3 +*+=7D+S3+. 3)0q3D37D D+012)+*3#*+3)9:=D+=l D#*'?#* )7)`2 * F?3M 5 3D/s?33* 44?3#*k#DD+7Dk#33* 5 7);09?3:) 37?.D+7#3: S)*3#9+? 7); ;73 D+* C?3+=l?33Dk#**+7)93)'33+*#*A? -.: o 3>ED+7?3'FD++*3-.)901FD 5 DD 5 D3)* 45 D:)*)*+01: S*37+?3#*l

(* * '3?HjO* 4) 5 3?* i0` 5 33 7) )7?ii-4*D7#3 5 -.3)S0`3?37? 7FD+ 5 DBD+7#3 /?:#* 5 -.37*)jOE 5 ,73 D+7)7)*AD+))90B3+=# 5 A3? 5 -.-33 5 #* 5 )*)2s-.)80v*3jV+=43*O**7)F*#(#?37)*+ DS*7D?3:) 37?@D+7#l: ) 5 73#+)jB* 5 **7

#3* 5 Pj3E3 5 s)37)*37?s A*3'D# 5 3#3)2)4,6))PjVEA )*=s*3#4O 5 *+=@?3)* 7? D+7#3: ,#3* 5

)

3D?A)*#*)*0* '01DD+gE E/?3?+*+3D 5 lGq p 8)* D? C D+C. 55 -/-4?#SE?3F3'0v?#*7))* 5 s)8= 5 )j

)**)j)7 7 5 7)j 5 q p F)

3D? #3D 5 D+C/=##+7?) 5 73#)F=D+=l .) 5 7-.=##*+3)F 5 *)*)

)+7)#* DvE>,@?? *7)*)2* 63)*F*73+7-47jH +j#3D 5 D+@E?3

/08?3#*,O7)j) ? 3*3,@E7DD ?36 7?3 D:)* 5 0-.E o *#):3? O73? 780V* 5 *3DB**7)7*#*+0`?3#*7**+7) % *01*jOE? 63S* ?) 7?D+7#33C3* D+7-4-.)0O *3: '#3*3:#9D+ D3* D:)* 5 -4l? 7DH0* S7**

,* 5 D:)*)FD: 7D:)83?D:DH* S>=:D D+'017#* *7)7Fl-.D:#D+jl* S?) 7? 5 D3): S*) o5 F01-3D#7?A-.);0vD+7#33S:;-. l* *2? 73)*+ )7?AADD*3807#*3*7)7-.+)* O*=l)7? 5 D)*)*6 5 #*+.3?n;77)* E o D7#3 '#F)-4*3Cl-4kD+7)20D+7# /* D+7-.)F*3# 5 *7?3D+sl3*7))7?i-.)(0`* g=

1P (A,B)

2P (B,C)

3P (A,C)

X21

X22

Cholestrol Level (C)

X31

X32

Cholestrol Level (C)

X11

X12

Pressure(B) Blood

Pressure(B) Blood

P*(A,B,C)

1 1X , F = (A,B)

2 2X , F = (B,C)

3 3X , F = (A,C)

F = (A,B,C)c

..

Combiner

Learning

Algorithm

Learning

Algorithm

Learning

Algorithm

S.No

1 160

1 195

S.No

0 100

1 195

Alcoholic (A)

S.No

0 0

1 0

Alcoholic (A)

Local Learning Model Integration

Global Model

B+ *~ } G9 5 7-/#* 5 ?3#-~0v3?3) 7?D+7#3: 0-.E o

5 )*)j8 +jk L 8tc ; > C* ,* 3?Hj;* 2 3$4 76--#H69 :* D+7-=D+=7) 5 - 3 * D+ 5 D(-4?37D)? ^ *l?3D+ D( 2 %I.6- -4?37D 5 **7)O3? s,4:'* D:+?3) *+*3330D:DO* '017#* *7)j +j ^ +

% ?3?3*7)*)V*3F >=2ES* D+7-.)7jE23*O)F'01-4E o *3# 5 )*)*)0*3'0D:D+>E: -/ 5 -4O 7*)Gq *O)* ,3*+6 5 #*+0F* +=# 5 0F?3#*i7*+ E+* *7)O 5 S

* D:)* 5 -4l? 7D3)*3, 01-.#*l* ** 5 ? 7))i)i-.+

q"/&27)*3 C.M 5 7-4?37D3#*+-4* l?3)*3# 5 - : 7 #*+=F-4l? 7D) )7?CC* D+ 5 D?3#*8) 5 7)P8 *:' 7#3*:-.D*7)*D+*)O'D+ DD+7#3: *) o )(01'A=#+0) 5 7-. 5 6 #*+3)(01 *?3) 5 ? 5 * 3)?#*lNS?37) 5 (* ' >= 5 -4O 7*)@-4*'?3*DPA* 'D:# 5 #3)

010 IKJLVRLLJdFZ% ?3:) 37?-4l? 7D )*7?D+7# 01-4E o *7)77?:*3:) 5 #3.-. o 7)'O)*)* DS?3? *7)*)

C ~K S

+=# 5 )*) 7)7= 5 -4 5 *7)*: D+-4O**:* 5 7A7#)s?3 )*: 5 5 3)(>=S* O7*Dv0?3#*s-.3: /O#*+)F@: 0C3?*=7D`)73)*+*=: 0-.#*+H % 3:))4*7)*3D7?D+40C*7).+=# 5 37)*=l D+7#3: 5 33 7) ; C "" j "! jh(7 "!> *3#3#`3= 5 233? P?3+*7P)*)*-43*+3)7 5 /+=# 5 )-4O** 5 5 : 4?3:) 37?D+7#3: 01-3D#*+Hj*) 5 3#37jlEF01 5 3)`* (*+6 5 #*+/03+=# 5 oN 5 3)*? '* 5 -/-4?3#*.3+=# 5 73*7-47*)9A*7D ED?@)+*3#*+3)9: 5 *+ } % 7sl 5 *+ ! jE;?3) 5 )*)H=##+3)l:)* 2 *+3)033+=# 5 ')* 5 S), @ ( 2 % @ 6869 9?'+HI!* 2 969**3##*A#3D 5 D+4,?3) 7?D+7# @)*3 p 5 *+ ~jBE/37)7

+=# 5 -47)*3*p 7 Dj?3#* ) 5 ,=E7?|) 5 D:D+ 5 *+0

'x%+9a/ia(5jIG*}"'La0a),1a" yISa+a+j?'("ZjIG9K7B/I)}S+a+j#" y )%!'(aM+aIG90,1?+ '*IG$a IGaas0,jINMa )NaIOaxja)* y!?+W[xI?%!%))?Mj(5djI!ay+,1n%!6'(t%!aj)j"Lj)I) ; Ov F*G2Vw+xF~ > X8ifajj'BM2Ga?,1'!I"fa+j'.*yGjx,Wa$a"j'(*-%aa"&%!'99a,/y! y/"Aax)!,= a"AayIP/8iA%+aaB'!)2'(*%aa"N%!9y"E'(*0'("aaj'a ,I')'(*3La)%9aA# a'(*-%@aa")!aa)l*a+\!a?6%C*d*)daB)a! y!fE5dB))92),1a"IJ,19*a$,py I"jjy%+ay'(*-%aa":9'I&2$"! ''9"A)9 )Z"!' aT'("!'%+7,f1y" S,=%!'(:%!aa9NaR'*9aQB9'(axjS!*y)!yz{aIaS,0a\9%!%C*j2"a",11y"Er,9I'SaIj a'(>SI)Ij } yaa'(!s)ta aIa!*j 6a)ja)'7y?a B!aT'xy 'SMaIGa220'(axj) j"ja+S'xy)H'(*+)a"MtIGa,=Na)a'(H&K*":Mjj,1|2/a?!ya":,%!'("x"!),1a"ayI&ya7'("Za)*!j"jyL'("aaIMa 1BIZarU!aa2$1y")"6!GpyS*yGjxy %!'(I|a69'a-'(!y}IGa'xWj"LjT

Vi [W7l vAWIUjoU^[_[BU'a{U'ac[$g|dh7Yn Ur'("Za)*!Oa0*y!2z"xb ; zsFF >%!9%C*jA#%!'(I9++aS"Aa$a+x?,)Gj9'"#' a$")+6B0'xy[7'("+aT'aay)y,W'("I'2Z2G,9D'xy jajaR}~'("I!'ra &7Y)s)ta)Gj96 ; > 2/aI\a)Gj96a 7+a}-*G cP (X, ) >

b

a

c

Data object X with value x

P

P (X, )

(X, )

U*!a Z8,1a"EBaaxa'y%!L6'(,=A"Y+I!a"++aZa-%ya"%['"[aIGyIay#-IqW V 3WO6:D 3 O{-D8i)'xj,aBj"j&)I)-jxja2+ay)T?aat),1a"

,jI ) aS,=,)%!++)Bja'2yIay&-E|AI'2rS'("a2N-a9%''x'-+)a"R,a%!L6'( L 6,)aNa'( "yI A%!++)Bja' ) j?,Sa#%!99+).

,SyIa)fa a&a'(4,19* a#tK6%!6'(

,S&ajx?S'(*'a"4,Da'(!+a)"%['" 'xytaI[69|) j0,aT%!'(&)y7,a})!+B!!'(!

z 9L "e9y|:9+a&%!'(QI9a,1:ajx #'("a}asIGaaTajx#)*IZa)fyA+)}a$%!6'( L L,ajx a-a"%['S"?yIay+-E Sax"ay?y)y)E , [I)yIjy ?z+9!)a#-%) aajx ar| |n2a?M+yZa.BIGa'x"ea49!,saA%!L6'(99'x)ja at)!d!+Ia-%2t2 L I

y/!5C

'y%[I!!+"ayy%!a'a"N%!++))+U!?(5d%2Wx$!$'("!a'("Ga)*!/y'"0a6[I)-E#5d9a0,Js9a)y!qz+"! xayIas!9ay!6,0y)A)y!'2X'IGja I'L,aS+aNEj'9"y a IGaa)aax y! :%'(K+r2"Y[A(5E%['j a

G

%9++I!a.!5WG"

Z

/ 7 L

7 7

!" #$%&'!)(*!+,$)-./!)0121 34!/5'!& !7687!9 /-:&+7!;$)!& + 2! !@?BA:DC CFEHGJIK811$!L*MNO/-:)P1$- 3)7!Q- /- +$4- 9$)+7& /6R/-:+ S@S- 7-T U+V 7 - 71P3) !W-:W$)- 3)3)U@ !7& X,-'!GYIKZ$)[T

)!L\MN]^-.>-:_!"7-:`-:J1]!/!S76V$- $%-:!JaN: R)+O 7 -T71b? aN )c:d'Leagfh c:dEHLeM1+1P2>,FTi 7 - +71)j$$)3k70-lM\^SX\^) /(76'kAq=t(\| Le r("\=

i "o|7LMNp/-:U,1_aN: ;1+8+@^- +$)7-:-

)^-:"oU+ $)!!SD12v! +13S6

+3e - - aN: _U- 7-: MA@B -,1x !1-.-.tF57!7-:Ug!}S&F 7!Sr-U7!Uv1

+!_3S6>103k K!/-:_!)7 d.GG G\{x1D !+7& m,-.!ey- 1v1pT, 0 l3%- 3 !3.6/-:)+Uv10u5.- /5.$%-:!S eU+73)7-:/- +!$%-:\-1x/-:S& /5*/7-:cb O M\71db Z\e /g- o1 !+7& ,-'!~!S ~-1maN: ]1+@- 3K!/7& ,/-:h d.GG L%GB G7L107-:xlaN: p^- +-:eL$- _ )77& 0/-: SLkHGB G7L

" - C!fSg $

?

e

ih5j

J"

h5j d.GGB

M1N !|& !01N)~/!S-:) y-:-=M\x1g,! N)/!3.6*vLlk |1r !7& \,-'!/- !$4-:)2-xg1$y_!}.7!t1! 1q- N1/-:3%- +U>$)7!D1-:P$-&.*X#K -.-'(> !+7& t,-.!|- 1-. |>10+!D7!+7!P$+7& /6p/-:+ SG

1O#K -.-'!(@- 2P !+7& _,-'!gm+m- 1l]7 !U1-.-.eG{z1- 11 L1vy- +7-:'TH1- U$+7& /6t:)+ "!P3.6>1v,-'!\"& !76+!!-@P7 !U1-S-'eL1.*7! p-@M!:1"!) / f3D F H 34M!1tUv/!S+ G7 - 71l+1-=M\$%! | ,- 1) 7 - +71 M\1m1,34!UU!@/-:'T+- g/-:77-:) ~)+73k7-: C ! @1a+: & !/1veTi7& + !/ G8/! +1X,+ !}.7!*/-:,$)+U-:O- N$) M\>6',+U) /!L)! +1p+7-:pU>10MN- +\

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Number of clusters

Dis

torti

on/P

rivac

y le

vel

Divisive clusteringAgglomerative clustering

|7:\d.G V +7-:,- eU- 7-:^$)+7& /6v7& !M\1,S r* :7-:,+& 0 >7&'7& 2a+: ly- x)m !+!l^-: *7-: u5.D,-.!rmU+m - +71g3k !l-:veTi7& + !/ G

d d

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Specified distortion/privacy level

Ach

ieve

d di

stor

tion/

priv

acy

leve

l

Divisive clustering

Agglomerative clustering

|7:d.G V v ^- + /- N1 :7-:,+& t q)7&.U7& ma+: )+l uT - 71tM\719!$%!/t-8 17&'$%!7!;- +7-:97& !HG v 7- t+1-=M\J3k !l-:_ h7) sD l) \ !!_^-:dTihu5'D,-'!%M\71pd/-:$4-:!"GDf +kom44+{\1N+1$r^-'!N-:l7& +:/5'$4!/!OaN: 8)- 7-: 1!$-T&' > 7+0) kaN: l+U$- 3)7!^- x

).-=M\>/-'3%-S- tM\121D- +7-:>g,! !U@+0- raN: 7& !)/!Gt{x1)$%-:"D- g&'7M- v-:76p$)-=&'!0)DM\71q+ 7:1Sy- Mg+@7&'& 0 7 - +71 27 - +71 L%3)2 -> !2 !+ U7!7-:->:\M\1v&+7-:\i6.$%!\- oUv^- +-:p!& 3)7 G{x1v :7-:+7& aN: +D 7 - +1 27 - +71 -01 0.v3%w- %$%- !"U $$)UFT

d08

-:|+1, &.U 7!-:

!& :7-:,+7& *aN: xr+U!q.a?S0S &Uq. 0/SS !q!S S!"!#0 $%0Sd&('*),+*) -./10325476UN^8 38;:"4?yQ@ACBA%DME"/F"GIHADE"+AJF=LH6ADE"+A09HONJ%3QTU#*! 0/SSVHiN4 q90`70 x 8;z$6^8>9:5%0zy0 ] 00.< 590 x %Q 4 xCk JFI\654 4 x n JEI\654.EH >P FP E ;P FP E $"SAP E qF qE q q )056 4 x0^6 4 xx 0y0z:0N98;9 ^0z: x 0zI.< 590 x %Q; FEH AS 9 3( 9 9 N%E=QN9/10 x 0.< 590 x k&:^69QP$HiPE"LHiLaN9PQI%Hb`N9Q.z H N9dy6^:30&658;3:5%0zk:56490z98[0 M538>4?yQVHOV E 4 x 6548 3250 H >PzP A >P FP 0z

O&

M / 7 L

7 7

xg-Ti+UL=- s++> r$4-:+73)72-/-:,$k010$+7& /6tM71>!$%!/r-aN: h/-TiG

+1!LD 76'3) !R-:J1fpaNI>$+U7$)7p6.7!U> !7: Sp,X/-TU+2 7 - 71lL:$%! !w- kM1+1,UN,-:w$+&.7-:)760'-=M, 7+!7-:'TH3) !*+D1 k'%2 /-Ti+0 7 - 71w)+1 IK{ x*&F7i6- s$- 3)7! -: U > -*!+/+73%-=& !4/-Ti+Uv$$)U7-:o++1t U& $!/-:, /-:,$)!7-:- - )+/!!G

{x1v!x- |1v1$r- : )7!p \y-:-=M\ V ]3.6l,- 7&1!8.G(_.L\MN]!/+73%p )V ) 76S B! K!. S/i/[y. L%M\11p2 @,$%- S$%! m1-:76l$+!& !1*/-TiU=& + !L)U- +N-*$-=&'2S77-:t34-:1 !7!G|{\1!eLSU.!/7-: 8.GBLMN_!.,+p&F+-:,$%-:73k7/-TiU+ F![ /- !$%-:Uh-1p6~+1-:!

Ul$$)3k7@-9 DaN: 7& !/!h 0/-TiU+83) !G,$)7 &'!)/ P$!6t/5.$%+!"-:@-=& !w/-TU+t$$)U7-:2m$!!S!]].!/7-: 8.G(8.GvIKq.!/7-: 8.GRSLMN,+\1 6l/-:S+73)7-:G0+ x%$trNe!\ Jo+m)4+m

- w)+GxN-Ti)+L -p !@3)uTi+q? w2R'Lx^- +7& l 7 !3)7 GcxN-TiU+$)-=&'!/-:,$+!!@$+!!"-:D10,! +76S$3)DM\172$!&.U,-:r- |1vUy- 7-:l/-:S !pU>10- +7:7T |'LM\1)+1@ !02& 3k7v-_l+ mU - U w> 76'$$)U7-:G

.G\ -=M - 1

! - v" ! $ $ 0/21 C E B 3 E $ 8.GG M1 3 E r+3)7-:- ~1Dy- +

3 E C $ $ C $ C $ 8.GG(_ )./21 A@ B @ !- !

576 a85:9 /P;wS+ ! .[i^S "^2! =< ^)oy[[4 C?> ^. //*^1]F5*!"- $.6 G I0-:)769-M J/-:: l+q-X3%]$!+& !eL0GB G7L 8.GGd 1-:!L1!R1q$-'/_)+73k7-:C C 1 ,F5*!S- $.6 ]?xr{l L v - 3)7!bd.Lxg1)$G0[E G{x1l3%-=& !D!1 ,-:v U+73)7-:1o$!& x-M0LS/-:)eL: /-TiU: !LGB G7L 8.GGB 8.GGd 1-:eL1

+ S 8.GGB 8.GGd L3)U !+ HL.N+!3.6 " $k+ ,+ )1 m7-Mm!S- $.61 3 G& 6/-Ti)+P6'7!/-Tix+: - s1- 7: +3)7-:eGUp!|*=6_3%+/Ti!, `/21 3B CaQ b /21 Ca> B CaQ L M\1 CRQ 1r7^- +R)+73k7-:eG{x1.L1F5'* !S- $S6P$+U7$)7#!+!( h3%k!76- ~1D!KTUt$$)-!57-:G2{-l /-:,$)+1p1m3%-=& LeMNm !+ 7*1mF51 *^^m.\H:, _yS [ [y k 1M\U"-'/r1- 76 Gdc ' ^ .[i^S4?+vL+S^?eS L 4+W

8R

y|:'"+ ^'g+ g^'x4[/fBH^*\H >/S EK2 [ ^+ ,MN- P 0M! \10- 7-:_- |aN: _^- +7-:>^- x+ )-: &+3)7!g3k !l-:_/!Gw&%|i ]4 1 4 "43]py-',-:O1l$)- 3)7!b- /-Tiq]$%!7!gih qu5kjrG8! 1P!"6p- j8 ? l ! E m&F U!\p11)x vUg:7& !_3.6? M t $t E%t? t " $t EHG

{x1, -.-'!- gl/-Ti +U!@3S6P1-=MM! $t - 01+u5 $j $$-=5'!t - \1

)D s$%^!/e!/-:/7-:eG~{x1o$%! M\1! $te/-:)+/!v-:76g1/-TiU+ ,1\/-TiU=& + !gw,$%- So ,! 6m-v)+ )eGfp- -& !L7ov+ 7:1Sy- +MN+ !+ !7-:,- %-:/Ti!01!,!++1 gSTi,! !GJw\!/ L.MN\M\U"& !7:1)$%! ) 2U kt.!/7-:8.G(_.Go{x1 !+ w LM\1* )77-: 6p^- +-:h)+1@ -=MkF/-:@!& !- |1D- 7: eu5l1/-TiUh! Gw!/ L01)t L\^- >:7& !J/-Ti)+ L $t 1 -3%P!/-:+)/!;3k !V-:76-:@1/-Ti0,! )L- D!}.7& 7!"6 L41/-:77-:) s/5'$%!/7-:]+ -:&+uT3k7?t $w $y0ErM\1/5.$%!/7-:8Uv !8M71+!$%!/*-@1l,! +vG {x1}. i6m- e1/-Ti+U !,3.6,1$$-=5'U7-:+- 3%iMN!t $tDGw&|i 1iiX >:sVepA*s"Vk:/*sC1sI"#)HIKt- +g-* ) 76S123)7-'/-TiU+

! \}.!r$)+7$k7!GIKp- +- 1P#K3%!($$-=5'U7-:eLkM*/-:$4!U s - $T

$)-!5v+ -:&+3k7!7t > 3) !t-:1:7& !>/-Ti)+m t1D!& 3)Uy- 7-:t?t $w $yDEHG m 340)!l m t > t?t > $ $#SE%ot?t $ $#"E N ? $E ? $#SE ) 8.G(_.GC IUx! -:)3)7v->!+1Py- 21v3%!2$$-=5'U7-:pU m /* "6l -:&+uT3k7t > *1| w1 |1g+ ,x/-Tiow |1r- 7: S+ -:Z&+3)tvG|IK- 1NM- L"1/- !$4-:)!/-:+/!+/!$!+& \1\/-TiUv- N1- +7:) ~+u5%LsM\1U+1qD!7+3) G{x1!eLM\71@!$%!/0-p1m LMN V J101]#K3%!(>+ )-: &F3)7*-p!7!/D^-: 1U2V]$-T$%-:m>M my^m' \i y [ [^ k 1!/-:!!7!/> -:&+3k70121 \1:7& !_/+ l^- +7-:>g-:D1\-.!r- x S6P/5.+l +,$-:2-=& 01=&F U3)7,^- +-:eG

- M-- 1~+ -:`&+3)!e :7& !!"- $.6p- 1K-:U"73)7-:_- G5w\!/ Lg)7!l1_aN: Xy- +7-:O*!}S&F 7!Sm-qF57!h1!S- $.6_!,-:+,1\1 ^m' ) ! ^ k x$4!U v- |1fhaNIg$+$)7/- +!$%-:

)77-:L

t > D H ? OU t > E " O ?t > E ? OU t > E " + F + ? O t?t > $w $y0E E h + F + ? O t?t > $w $y0E E " O t?t > E D H ? OU t > E " + F + ? O t?t > $w $y0E E h + F + ? O $t E " O + F + ? $t E D H + F + + F + ? OU t > E " O ?t > $w $yDE | h

$t D HO

$t

M1 ^-:7-=M;y+-:! $w $y0E4?t $w $y0Er $t g + F + ? ?t $w $y0E7Ert? $t Ert?txEx?t > EV- ) y-:U7-=M\^-:b/-:7-: rA !!% m!}. 76 G]I$)U!LoU/ O m+U/76/-:S& /54LM1)!& + F + ? O t > E O O ?t > $w $yDE Gw!/ L $t 1 r7-MxaN: p^- +7-:1 l S6t -: &F3)7D m G)1!L $t I m LGB G7Lt? $t $w $yE $t t?t $w $yDEHG27-:OM\71;1@+//-:S& /57i6h- O L41)x!+!1 $t t?t $w $yDEw\1*)}.v-:7-:_- 8.G(_.G( G- _ 77& v/-:+/7& 0$)-S- ~- |{x1- ! L)$)7! 0fhaNIv-:7-:eL $t 1 m )77-: ,$%- Sv$+- $4+i61)v !v21#K3%!(>!/-:/7-:eG271-::1@MN^-.)!@-:]1 m 1/-:S , Ut > 1m$+!& >1.-M\O/-TiL +7& l/-:1)!& *34!p-U"& !:

-: $t Ug10-:01)xx7-:!x-1D+4t V$t : t? ?! t t > > E 8.G(_.G0

IK- +m-]1-Mp!U7-:1$3%iMN! $t ) $t LwMN>,M\711y-:-=M\! s! _ LwM\11q!3)U1!v1 / > I m F$-F!/7-:>- S6!7!,!SN- m -:"-,10 m 0|7: 8.G(_Up.!/7-:y8.GB G 6 ! 6 kY 6 & 6 ! 6 \ t > I m Fr^BED"F*JF*K| t > > I m 0yBDIF*JPFHG Kg4 $t F0^ BED"F_JPF_K=v'/BK $t J: t? ?! t > t > > E BLK $t J:? " t? ?! t > t > > E F

R0R

/l1l- +: t I m LNMp- 3)& h1 $t ,1p34!$$-=5'7-: 3.6O3k .MN+a+: q$+-FK!/7-: -tU m Ls,$k76.U $t $t 0^- + 6p!3%!7-M0Gc!H8 $t 4 $t / BD"F_JPFHKk2BED"F_JPF_GPGK[ Nv.

$t $t $t 8.G(_.G! {\1m!}S&F 7!)/*+!7DD>$+!,1!U o}S) "7k7-:@- 1,- $ w$T$)-!57-:$- $%6:7& !1/-TiUmfhaNI-:7-:>1\$!& !x1-:vUGw&|&% *q )i "oo*Hk J*"XH4:+*s-=M 1xMNv1=& 1

S @ aN6l))77-:eL? ! t $t E t? O t v" O $t v" t " $t O $t ED H t? O t E " ? OU $t E " + F + ? ?t $w $y0E " t? $t $w $yE OU $t ED H t? O t E " ? OU $t ED H t? O t E " O t?txE J" t? O $t E h O t? $t\E D H

t v"

$t

M1 ^-:7-M\y-:Z1N /~1) $tX *1!/ L O $t U~/-:) "|^- |5.! $w $y L 3 y-:U7-=M\/ $t I m L ^-:7-M\oU/t?txE%0? $txEk y-:-=M\w^-:!.Gn2l!Le1m- +7: ~aN: qU+$- 3k7!U 8.G.GR ]3%$%-:!p r-:0- ~)U

w&|& l+*) s:%9 *q )i "o]H^*SIKh1\!/7-:eL%M*$!!"2 P - +71zy- 3)7-'_=& + /-Ti+t3) !h-:P

)^)k!/-:$4-:+77-:- s1- 3'!/7& D/7-: 8.G(_.G/ LkM\11t:& !r- 3'!/7& >^)/7-:Om- \1>-M +7:,!S - ! 19)7&.U w-M ; 8/-:UO +7:,!S # - ! 1hU7&' )/-:s#kG 8 W 8 = c! U H= 6 /D1*!/-:,$%-:77-: 8.G(_.GSR x 7& 0-=& s10-M\ - /-: LMN< $%)210!Sxx +7:,!Sg- ! 1_-M - /-:U - +r-t!/! 1- 3K!/7& p^)/7-:eG- t "6$)U*+-=M sL1l/-:"73)7-:-]1l-& + - 3K!/7& r/-:

MNt /5'$!v1- 3K!/7& /7-: 8.G(_.GSR - 3'K!/& /-:& >*-P1- $) N$eU1+-=M :,!SG2U\$$-: 1@ h3%*$$)7!p-

$%)v1m/-:Um 7:!"*q-

U7-:p+u5+%tZ!P- 234v1** aN: @^- +-:_-:-:_^- 1M/-Ti+U $" $" Gw\!/ L-:!)-_!/-:,$),1MU*aN: V-:7-: $t $" /- +!$%-:]- $" $" G {x1p^-:7-=M7!]!KT3k1!21D1m$%)! $t $" U:)+ "!-l!710!/+! ,1m- 3'!/7& Ls- $7D1 !eGmIK@^ /L $t $" 1,3%!D$$+-!57-:@$%-:3)7v3k !]-:]1/-TiU+ $" $" G576 a8-,/. ! $t $" v^

!& aN: haN-.+>& + xN-Ti 10204345 27 - +71)!M!S76 A#98;:=A@ o "!F%B?Bfl .$

{T]|~}Tg}B}T|yJ$~yJ{`}BT|y }

, ~}TgyJ} j !

'> # ~}TgyJ} ~}TB|}T~A R} h d$~y{`}Bz||yJz|~~}W{`${TJ|~}TA}Bz|T|y }

}`4}B{`~$~yz|W}By2~}B- }T$}B~}dd$~(y J}B }T~}d{`${TJ~}T x4yJz{`}~|}dy]z|yJP|}TdzyJz|$~yzJ~yz~}4{d{`${T]|~}TyJz|P{T}W$}~}{`${T]|~}T }T$}BT~}}B{`z|~{`~}Bd$~y $j {Tz}}`4|}B}Bd~}||{`~ }T}T}~}{`${TJ~}TyJz|p}By]}B}Bz~y]J}B|{`}B~pz||yJz

yz|}Bz2~d$~y 2{`J|zyz|d}Bz~d$~(y |{~$~D~}g$||ByJd$~yz9}T j $j yJ!yJz|yJdyJT}B}T} $j |} 020435

y~}T~z!d$~yJ{`}B z| ~|$~{|y} }B4{T!dyJz|yJP|?~|}$R } }B{`~y }q|z|{`~yz }Bz |~} 00435

y~+}B||{`}Bg~~}}Tdz{TJ~}TyJzdJ

y~| $Jy}B~g j Fz;$~yJ{TJ$B}Bz;~}}Tz|y }T}Bz|{`}yJ~}|$}B |{TJyJ|}BzyJ~z|{`}|}|~y]z~}{TJyJ{TR2|4#!

(y~| tD& p|!W**7R/*!d;!e$9R2 ;x4=q$B}| }~||yJ}By]z|}T~yJ~}yJ~z2~}B{TyJ{T}p{ }T$}{`${T]|~}TyJz| z~}z|}`~}B{`~yz!R}gyJ]!(|]$~}z|=z|T}P}P}Bz}T{TJ

D{`${TJ~}TyJz}Bd

}|y}T}Bz|{`}BD}T~}T}Bzd~|} $(y|1J$~yz|DyJJ4~}B1~|}A|y}T}Bz~|dd$~$~yJ~yJ{T7|}ByJzP~}$||ByJd$~yz $tD ~}J{{`${TJ|~}TyJzW{T} $t|}TR}Bz}BPz|z9~|}A{`${TJ|~}T7d}Bz| t9 $? $#e Fzdx}B{`~yz l 2}AJ4{`z|yJ}T~|}}`||~y }JyJ~WAdd$~$~yJ~y]{T}Bz|yJ{ $t {Tz}}B{`z|~|{`~}B!

z*z~|R}-}Bz}T{T}d}T~#

y~|gy~*| $}|}T~y}ByJzx4}B{`~yz } 020435

yJ~|{Tz~}Bz;}}T}BzR}B{Ty]{T}~yJ}T~#

J

y~||~y]z}B1g$~y]{T|J$A{|yJ{`}|dd$~$~y]~yJ{T

}T}Py]zyJz2~~|}1P|J$~yzz|z|Jy]A~}}Bz}T{T}}Pz~~9|yJy2~D~}g}B|~~$~$}}B{Ty{A~4{d }T$}{`${TJ|~}TyJzP7}BJ~}}B|~~|$~D{`z2~yJz2|}~JPyJzP~}}Bz}T{T}1

z9{|yJ{`}pdd$~$~yJ~yJ{T }P~$~Ay~~}}B|~~|$~Jz|1A4{ }T($}P{`${TJ~}TyJzdzz~{T$ }T~~}}Bz}T{T} g 4{ }T$}{`${T]|~}TyJz|~|}J|~yzy]7~}`

JR}Tdz|y }T}Bz{`}B }T}B } }TBy]z~}}Bz}T(R{T}|~}WJ~yJz}Bz}T(J}T}Bz||z=~}P{(yJ{`}9~}}Tdz|y }T}Bz|{`} Fzq{`~T!4{ }T$}{`${TJ|~}T(yJzyJ~}Wz{T}g}Bz~}J~yzy]yJz|}T}Bz|}Bz2~?~yJ{y]{`}

z-~}d}Bz}T{T}y~yJz~Ry}P~}T~P{T}B;1J~yJz z

}Bz}Te{`z }`|~y]dyB$~yz|}B |g~} }B~pz|~}PJ~yz -}T}x4}B{`~yzP 1?}y~}T$~y }$||{(}B?{`~yJz|A~} J~yz }J| yJ}P}`4{`~]~yz|1W~}yJ~z2~}B{TyJ{T}Bg}T}9{T}B(J~yJz|}`yJ~

g 4{{`${TJ|~}Ty]z2~|}}B{`z~|{`~yz1~}yJz|yJP|}Tzy]z

d$~yz*J~yz yJJ;~}}B~$||4yJ$~yz ~|}yyJz| t z-J1z|{`~yz|~}d{`${TJ|~}T}Bz| }T}B |yJ}B~z||J|g}Bz~}}B{`z|~|{`~yzyJp}B9zz}}T~R|d$~$~y]~yJ{TT|yJ{PD~}A{`${TJ|~}T}Bz|yJz~}p{{`${TJ|~}Ty]z{T} }1dJJ~}}B~AJ|g}Bz~}7z $yJ$J}7yJ $|ByJd$~}B}BzyJz}R}T|(q}T}x}B{`~yz l z}Bz}T(e|~y}}T~?|dd$~$~yJ~yJ{TBz}T}B~}|}B}T }Bz|~}}B{`z|~{`~yzgyJ]}W}Bz~y}|R}T|

g }d$~y$|ByJd$~yJz|~yJz|}ByJz~}}Bz}T4{T}z}T}B9z~R}}`}Byp}

d$~yq{`~yB$~yJzyJz~}TdD~}{T]|~}Td}B}Tyd$~yJ{`}B z| z1{`~TR4{ }T($}9{`${T]|~}TyJz|yJA~|}z|1J$~yzg|}T}|{(zyJz2~}T|}T~$~yzyJyJ}1J!}Tz|y }T}Bz|{`}B

yJz|JJ}1{Tz~}}B|~~|$~{`z~yJz}~JyJz~}W}Bz|}T{T}

$y~${y]{`}BAD|d$~$~y]~yJ{T J~~}T}z}T}Bz|~A}d{T}B(J~yJz~d~}yJz|yJP|}TdzyJz1d$~yz|}B+z~}]~yzd}T}Bz|z~|}{y]{`}~}}T$dzd|y }T}Bz|{`}d}AyJ~z2~}T~y}Bp~|}AJ~yz9}BdyJz||z|{(|z}ByJz~}}Bz}T {T} z$~yJ{T|J$B~}W1&?~|}J~yzyJz~}Td?~}#

z}~yJyJ}Tq}T}~}{`z~|{`~y }| }T}B yJz |}Bz||y }BdyJz|z|{z}B

g } ~|$

}Bzd|}B{`y~yz }Bd z~|}F}B{`~yJz9~}T}B }`

}B 4{TyJ$~}BgyJ~~}}T~ m z| m {`z~y]z2}Bg~JA~|}}Bz}T

{T}Rgy~ m |}Tz}Bg~}}T~gJ!}Bz}T]yT}B||yJ~y }4}BJ~} $y|P|d$-~$~yJ~y]{TyJz~z|1}B{`}q}T}x}B{`~yz ll - ~}4{ }T($}9{`${T]|~}TyJz|{T}pyJz|{`}}z||}B}T }~}{`${TJ|~}T}Bz|T~}d}T~ m ~z|~~}d}T~WJq|z|{`~yz~}d{`${T]|~}T}Bz d ~}TB~}=dJ|~yz*{Tz R}z*~}~|}}B~$|ByJd$~yz*~~}

yyJz t z~|yJ}B{TyJ {TJDq|z|{`~yz|AD~}dd$~$~yJ~yJ{T m

}Bz}TJyJByJzW~}}B2|y }Bz{`}gyJzJJ$ }}Bz}T(}B|~D~|$~}|yJ{T|yJzx}B{`~yJz ll | yJ}Bgz#yd$~yJ{|~yJ{T$~yz~}yJz|yJP|}TdzyJz1d$~yzyJz|{Typ}Py L

g }AyJz}TdzyJz1d$~yz}B~! }Bd {`z2~yJz2|}B~J x4yJdy]J$A~

yJ~| }|~yJz=z=y~}T$~y }9

y~1~}P}Bz}T{T}g}T}W}~}T(z|$~}B|~yJdyJT} }T~|}v{TJ|~}Tgyz|}Bz2~T|{`Jdz{TJ|~}Tyz|}Bz2~z| ~}J~yz " yJz ~|}-4{2 }T$}{T}~}{`${TJ|~}T(yJz#F}B{`~y }q|z|{`~yzvJz ||y~y }}B{`y~yJz }T;~}z| {`J|dz|z*~}}B|~yJz|d}T~#

y~|$ J

y~| |$z4~}T}Bdz~z|yJ{W}B{`}B}~}W%}B{`~y }q|z|{`~yJzyJz} }Ty~}T$~yz

&')( *,+.-/103254$687:9A@CBD-+FEG4A/HJIA7+F0K>L=M2BNE?714O254APRQS4A25=UT!@NEM@

Fz9~|yJD}B{`~yz!}1J$~}A}Bz}T }T(yzR~}A}Tdz{`${TJ|~}Ty]zW|J}B$~{`~yJz~~}{`z|Jy~yJ}B }T~}T}Bz $(y|?Ry}{`${T]|~}TyJz|{(}B}B~$~$yJ}||}~{`z|~yJz2~W~|$~|}B}T }dyR}T}Bz~{(yJ{`}B|d$~$~yJ~yJ{T {|y} }~|yJB?}|(~}Tpz}d~}z~yzA{`${TJ|~}TyJzyJyJz-~}T~}{`z|y~yz| }`}B{`~$~yz4Lp}B~$~yJ~yJ{T~|$~z}Py~gz2~~|}B}T }Rz~}Bz}Bz|}T($~}J~}y}{`${TJ|~}T(yJz}BA~|$~gd}WDyJz2~}T}B~ tDJuV WXNYZ7|[]\!p}T~|={`${TJ~}TyJz_^ a` y }Bz~}d{`${TJ~}TyJz!~|}T}$}}B}Bz2~yJJ(z| $yJ$J}ByJz2~}T}B~bc5db$z|edc ? A~}B}#}|W~g(z| $yJ$}BbgfDz|hcCfD{`}BRz|yJz~g~|}7{`z|~z2~z $yJ$}B }T~}gz|{`J|dz|}B}B{`~y }B1g}B}Bz2}T$~yz }T~1ikj}Bz~}~|}}T~lb f$ c f$ db dc b c 1m

?yJ~d$||ByJd$~}~}W(z| $yJ$}!n/|yJz|1yP|~yJ} {`z||y~yz

}`4}B{`~$~yz|ng}T}~}{`z||yJ~yz|yJzyJ9z}z z|}}~}z| $yJ$p}By]zoij m }T }P~|$~W{|2y]zz|}Pd}(z| $(yJ$}B~{`z||y~yzz9yJ}B|y }Bz2~?~W{|2y]z|R}T|lprq|~}n ? }1{T?z9$|ByJd$~yJz|n|yJz{`z||y~yJz|}`}B{`~$~yz!sn q y]z|{`}~}{`z|y~yz|}`4}B{`~$~yztsn q y]~}|~yJdR$||4y]d$~yzd!~|}g~}ngy~}B}B{`~7~9z2d}Tdz|y }T}Bz|{`}

dzJFq}B|$}Wq|z|{`~yz L

x4yJz{`}JyJ{T$~yJzyJz1d$~yz yJz ~|}|}B}T }B{`z|y~yz|}`4}B{`~$~yz||2}Bz~D}BP~W|y}T}Bz~$||ByJd$~yz!$}z|W1{T|z9{`yJz|$~yz?pz| $yJ$p}B1uikjP~|$~9gyJJ}B~;=z|yJ}}T~9|dd$-~$~yJ~yJ{T - y(~T}

p}T }~|$~D}|~}z| $(yJ$}B?yJzij$}}B|$}gy~}B}B{`~?~W}

~|}T z~}T7|B2}z| $y]$}B$}k|~!v|y}BJ~yzCw }Tyz|7

xay{z}|~GGa~.~a)?)N)~?DaaD)a:_D~G:.aa5k U UCa::a)aa~?!G~?))a)a)U%~Lz|~G~LG~Lz}|~GGa~J?~|:U~G~Gg~?GG~?)~GU.C%FF)C~z}|~GGa~r~?)~?)a%FD

MLAlM#?UMMC#MMl MM1lLDGl i j l

dcoq #M#l5#U qj qD qj qD GM q 5#U?UM M

l qj

aM#DlCMFM C M.MCM#M%M!#NCtM# UU?CM ?M!_ll

?M#l#lUrMg#M#?r?ClG q j q q j =q ?hM dbIq j l dbOtq .M#M# sn q j C L sn q l%Al?M#NC#M1l?l GlM# ?l#SGC qj l q M lCUMMl dc lCCM LM:l?o# U?%lD!M PHi?# {

C

C C

C

CC1 2

3

4

5 6

ced.fgWh1ijlk\m5npo?irq\s5t1d.uivGwxzyq.iG{d\t}|~wt1Ai1d;{~vGw5}vqgWtihd\Wfzsirk

iG{Asxzyq\id\Ys8t1AiiG{lyirvGt1s5t1d.wsq.wAft1Aih1wvqgWtihzCsWt1AizvGwq\gWx:vqgWtih~Gps5h1it1Ait1s5t1d\t1dvgWir'whh1irvGwWthMgWvGt1d\Aft1Aiwhd\fd\WsqkAiit16353A s A s5h1i|x:xzithdv?d\t1AiChwsW~vGwq\gWx:hsWAwxNus5hMd\s5q.ir?Aih1irs As l s5h1iAwtkpcWgAh1t1AihWd.>iWsruisvvGir1tw~ nU } A'wh?wxzi:mjlt1Wir>iCvs~vGwxzygAti nU %whsq\qm k3:t1Wd\pirWi>i1s|t1Ws5tt1AivGwthsd\8tit d\Jxzwh1ipvGwxzyq.iG{t1Ws 'whsq\qrj sd\Pced.fgAhijlk\m5k~cWh1wxsyWhsvGt1d\vsqy6ihMyirvGt1d.uisx:wh1ivGwxzyq\iG{^1itwvGwWthsdUt1sqq.w?gWtwh1it1sd\xzwh1id\A'whx:s5t1d.ws5wgAtgAtCw8ud.wgWq.|h1irlgWd.h1irsad\WvGh1irsirlgWxihwys5hsxzitihk

gAhs5thsvGt1d\wsq\q\w?gWtwWsWWq.i:sqqt1Ai~s56wui~vAirxzird\Ps|tirx:s5t1d\vsr|k~?wevGwW1d\AihsvGw5}vq\gWtihdAfs1d\ l \ st1Aiy6iht1d\Air8twWikd.uirt1WivAwd\vGi?w6sys5ht1d\vgWq\s5hes1dpiWiirztwAirvd\Aiwzt1Wi:36ir1t1h1irvGwWthgvGt1d.w %whsfd.uirvGw5}vq\gWtihMd\Af' 3 kAirt1WifirAihMsqvGw5}vq\gtihd\AfyWh1wq\irxO?d\q\qiG6irvGt1d.uirq\|hirWgWvGitw~wAiwWWdAf:swyt1d\x:sqvGw5}vqgWtihd\Wf'l 3 >?Wwih1irvGwthgWvGt1d.wWst1Wiq.w>irt?s5yyWh1wr{Ad\x:s5t1d\wih1h1wh?d\t1h1iryirvGttw:t1AiwhMd.fd\Wsqk

e\' }p}p WJI`U}Map6

E[Z|U]^

^E[Z|V]

Reordered Z

E[Z|U,V]^ ^

Reordered Z

8e

E[Z|U,V]^ ^

Reordered ZE[Z|U]

E[Z|V]

E[Z|U,V]^ ^

Reordered Z

Me Ue

E[Z|U]

E[Z|V]

E[Z|U,V]^ ^

Reordered Z

Reordered Z

E[Z|U,V]

E[Z|U,V]

^

^

0e `

C %?#Ml?l"lM#M MU?#LClMklGlUlM# M{UMMUM UlMMU M l# sn db l sn dc M%NMMMllM#AlMMUN ##lUUMC l#FllFMh lol M#?5 M#M UU1#U?

MC5MU?lM#! UU1LlC#l1l#?l UU?LClM M#UG?MClhCl1UNhCMl? Ul#?l lMUU? U ?oM n"! MUMllM MMMMUMhMl 6=]sn q > Y @ j

aM#NlMlMC#lU!M5lMUMl

C 8o Z*?l#_l?MU MlClM l l?l#l M G:l lMll

[]\X^E_`a?bdcdegf7hikj lmjfnmXi?joeLpqa?`cdhrk`hegf7b strkrkfn\4u0hpvmcwh\oiyxz&{|kmbwhb } ~M ~ k ~ " k~ & k ~& } ~ ~o k ~ ] } ~k ~ ~? ~ k ~? ~0 z] x x } ~? ~v ~ ~ Go k ~? ~& " k~k ~ k & k ~} o& ? o& ? ~o } ~? ~ ~ ~ G k ~? ~& & ?~ ~ k k ~} k k ~ } ~k ~ ~? ~ k ~? ~0 Z} k k ~ " & k

~ ~ & ? o k k ~ & k ~} o k k ~ } ~? ~ k ~? 0 & ? ~k ~ k ~0 k ~? k ~k ~} ~ ~G k ~ & k ~? ~

#?lrl _lrM#1lCMl l?l#l M? PQST @>BA j )l PQST # UGMMg Ml q?> k#Glll?ACUMl}M Ml q?> U ST r[ lFMUlMll MlMMU!MMCMM N UMl

C 8o Z*?l#_l?MU MlClM l l?l#l M G:l11[ Mv #lMMll["\X^E_`akbcwegfnhi?j lmXjXf7mikjeLpMak`cwhr`hegf7b strkrkfn\4u0hpvmcwh\oiyxz&{ mbwhb } ~q97 ~ t z] x t z t z] x9 t z] x t z} ~v97 ~ z] x( t z } ~? ~v9 ~? ~ t z" x x( t z z] x x } ~k ~ 9 ~ ~ z] x x t z z] x xR t z] t z] x} 97 t z] t z] x } ~k ~ 9 ~ ~ z] x x t z t z] x xR t z" t z] x(} 97 t z" t z" x } ~? ~ 9 ~ ~ t z" x x( t z z] x x4 t z" 4 t z" } 97 t z] t z] x t z" x9 t z] x} 97 t z" t z" x } ~k v9 ~ t z] x R

k ~? ~ z] xR z] x R} ~ 9 ~ t z" x t z" x x( k ~? ~

UGCM#M d %JlNLlMl

WXNYZ90X[LX? X&Xk)X #LNU*Mltl?lLNM#lU? n lM# *Mll?MU M dn ?%# Mtltl

1#M =q?> @>BA j lC PQST MM#!lM l lGl#lh MC?rlM?UN#AUM!UU?l }M sn q>G=]sdn q>G BA j P QS TU S T = s K n N K dns n N dn JLK sn5 N @O >BA j s n N dn P QS TU S T w= s K n N K dn N @O >BA j s S T sn q > N sldn q > PQSTU ST = s K n N K dn!= s K n N K sn: N s K dn N K sdn"d= s K n N K sn: N n N sn5 JLK sn:N s K#Fdn N K# s dn N dn N s dn JMK# s dn= 576$ n N 576% dn&

1#M l t? sn5=]s dn5 _FM sn q > 6=s dn q > ' q > l _.M s n N sn5 JLK sn5=b l?G s dn N s dn: JMK# s dn=b ) hM# Ml#U##M#l#?l { MU?#L?lC

1#M dn= M . / 1g2 3 576$ n"!= l1#C# 87#:99 #:l#?lCMlC ?> ?LLM MAM M#A@BDCE;FHGCMlCJI1l

LMM}l#Gl MlMM FC C!U{l gM# UUG#ClUCM MMNll

a#ll.L lhU{#LUUGULMM#L8:*U M M#CM#Mo?MlMMUNUM#Ll?lU?lL#lMUU MMC1lMMMDCULl ?C MC:lgM#!l! MMMMUMI1 lM AMlNMA#lLU _ll#?l UU? #ClMLM M#lMl?UU M#N1M#LUU ?lM#Al?lgUGDNC?#ll ?#M#MUU M]M%MS#l%lCl1M#l?Cl1UG8l M5ANM_lMlLNMMMMUN5UU! UU?hlM%l#n=]sndbsndc N sn5 _llM j

lgM#%N#BA j lM#C!l #lGM_lgM MU MM#_l? lFM#MCl%DMM sn q > @>BA j l?lF1?leN \[ tNU?l GC S T @>BA j M ?lr?lLUMCl1%!M#l?lC}C # JLK qtN5M#Ull ?l ?Cd ! !MCMl#Gl {lCMlL%#rl S T @> A j C)l

! ! = @O >BA j$ > S T 1#M > @> A j MMU?Mh Ml ?C:MAMUNU q > @>BA j MMD Mlolo ! ! Mll bhF)lFM# CDl?l ! ! UlAhL%AM#lGl n Mll #DM#!%NMMC?lLUUCllNl S T ##lUM# e 87#:9 .

1#M > = > JMK# lC > @>BA j ?MCU?M CMLl ?CMM MDAU q > @> A j lUM ClL#&%M#U ##NM#?lM#*MllMlCl#?lg M :9M#CUlGlgMMM}MMlM#?MhN #lhM#:CMl}NMM sn q > #Ml#k!?

a bb

E[Z | G ] 1

E[Z | G ]s

G1..

.

Gs

.

.

.

Generalized

ModelAdditive

*

B

Z

S

g M :95 > Ul?lNMCMU sn q?>

1#M > @>BA j M?CU?M M:Ll ?C1MMUN:U q?>; @>BA j O&P T RQJSa]iT= VZjHkml T n Ol S Sn T J{ V T S U^-) K = M# l#MUGlU_l?MhlkM#:l?lC}g#M#:#

dN MM#UlrlgMMU M!lMMUN #Ul#?l tlMlLL%#lAtlM#l?lCMlCCMl5?CU?M MCl:M#MCl%NMMl

# = n ! ! n ! ! =@O >BA j > sn q >

1#M > @>BA j M?CU?M M:Ll ?C1MMUN:U q > @>BA j L#!MCl?l.MMU M9#r% dn NM#5NUM% MLUn UG:l*MlClMllC)l

dn = ?. / / 1g24 s 6% n dn 87#:9 .a

Z AE[d (Z, Z )]

^A

E[d (Z , Z)] A

E[d (Z, Z)]

E[d (Z, Z )]^A E[d (Z , Z)] AE[d (Z, Z)]

^= +

Original Matrix

^Z

Z

Z

^

S SBA

g M :p5 > Ul? lNMMU

FC I dn % = M./1243 6 n ! n ! ! ' n ! ! # *C I dn % = M. / / 12 6 n ! n ! ! ' n ! #&% 7

%C{M#{l?l n lUtleL

UAl#Gl lMll MC Ml1CCMlM#lCUMl # C Ml lDMl.%DMM1 lU MUNMllI1lCM!NU CM#M dn #1#M"##C#l Lk#lLCa ) l{9 ) m M#lM#Cl.DM#hCUU?l

\ k)XlXes:X9&xXJ9RMM#lU?U?C?lU? Ml:M 8:*?CCtU?l5M# ?l?lLUMClllM#C NUMN%N#BA j ST ?lCGlLUUClh _ UU?#l.NM#M_lMlNAlgC?lLU? G#LM#%!MMlDNaMl:UC!M#rlMl?& UUrlMM}MrlL%#C?lLU?Mr :M#*MlCUUlMMF%)l

? . / / 1g24 s 6% n n ! ! 87#:9 < MM# NaMM#lM *(8 ) bl C!lUM

6% = l ? g m 6 ' # K 87#:p b1#M K lC(M lC#M l& = J l 6 [ U?#CUMl} #M_lMlkC M#q*MlUUl?Ml n MMUNU n ! ! r[ l

UUM#CD?} ll?l q?> @>BA j MLCU#U?#

1?lNUl ?#AM#tk%NMM:8o# M_?lLlMD jUj L

1#M? ! ! = @>BA j ST l ST Y @ j ?1L%#?lLU? M#1M% k#l l#M#?lgM#! UU?#LlM:#U?#rM##l_l? l ! ! Q gBD2 QS=M/7FEaBL0

aMUM.#?lD#llllU?MC MM?LlrM#l#?l*Ml UUG#MlC m MG#LMClMMll _'& _M1?] DlAUNllU NlMCM M%#1l #%#1 lN?l.

#? # :M 5UM. 5 NUM5M #G #hl M U CM#*MllMl 6 gM#MoU? g N!l:M UU?+Dk Dl t UU?-glCtM# MU?#oClM MMDtl#%. ) Ml _% :CC#ALl{ UU?Ll 87#:9;7 \V z9X d MXmv 4.Z) ?Ur M #M#MMl LMlll?M{j Q XZ MM1Ml?CU?MhM8l UU? ##}Ml ^ ` =b j Q]JZ N5M#lMAMUC:M.

) AMl FMlMC1M LMlll?MC

lCULM lh UU?#l# N:[ l

UU.

T;: ; A=-3( ?U G_

4 &Ddn =2( ^ ` PRQ+ 7E 32GFuM !l

s 6% n $n = s s 7 b ^ j b c ` c= s B B C s 7 b c ` cE s s 7 b ^ b c `J c= s 6% n dn

?F? L

PQ+ j NrM#:lMl l?l#l MC?_lkM#5lMMUNC# +*Ml #lGM?lC 87#:99 #lMMUNC#5U?CM#M! dn j =( ^ j ` j P Q+ j *Mll?MoM M. M#hLM##M 5M% MrNUUMClM# M?}CM#M $nN T XX W dn j =

\ Sw9T )[FX&.w9 #LMlll?M _ll?l *Ml UUG# M ll?MC~7 CMU v LC}MM w l Clo%M ha _ C?#Mlll?M1MM#U MlC%Ml?lA UU? # ll?M p l{Ml UMC5NlMM#!lllGM:M!ClUol{#

{S]C R *Ml _ UUG# ll?MZ i?rka?c\[^] `_baEDcedgf;hji kmln a 8 D_opMrqa l ,a pts vuwa xsXFyz|{}h~$vs/_G#h, l sqp9 a ` qXr_xa l sqp9 qpWs qXr_waE l \ qXr_wavs Ua?cra?c\[ t qX_ExaEDs K_+U`_? G M o n _vpvQ_+ w_EDuqsX_E svs A egcwk\K[ Z i?hcdhmX`h e A _3tab_ D_b:\s\aXJ_+a`\abo \ q_ExaEDs f7egre4mc` cdegr;[rK?mcwe hi?hpMakp f7e4jp mi Z i?\f7pvmcdh\i \`acwh\oi } } ta p`c }

xaE L a`\s qU ,a pts Ds abpt_ sDs A ` cdegr [ r?mcde \Z["`a?bdcdegf7be \fR 8 _ k\ ta pvsx J

wa ' yz z z z g } a\so}egi\f` cdegr [[ rkmcdeM[]\o`akpvi ["`a?bdcdegf7be \fR T _ ?\ \a pvs J l

wa ' y z z z z g } a\so egi\fakicdh``Ax#}mf7egcda?fni x `|x-t`?`?+t`x- *Q`Vx?tQ\[ANR^At|x9ANt tRwtI\Q``t `tR\`tVx|tAe`x`x`w|;Ntw`?RwxAtQmmrtt^r[`+Rt`x`m]*Q`r``xwR `ex`x;Ntgxtt|x

aa

\\ z0kY rj&Xw v&q.wox 99 (zgMv&XkL? xx*x`r``x|x4 tmW"8:*Q

t ) ``tVxLVFeeAxtF*Q``ttFxe ``-t`x`-t^9x99t1tNN\|`tVxP+!tj|`xb e^`x!xjQ8:*tKNxK! O., *Q _ < t! 4 e` >d>0"! a t` N8 *Q!$#% VRr` `xe'&;!tA

#%)( . / +* . / ,? A +* . ,? .- ,1./10 6%%32 0 %32 54 :p 6 Ntt` 2 87 tWtx:9`t `wj-xx A@gw xt|tNxA 0 % 2 F (0 % F G FIH &R`x !KA`!x `?Nx ` -NxtB 2 ( B ^NtxJ9`t `x # EK8LQ `\Nwt

#M ( NPO Q NROTS Q NU5VWXJS"Y[Z X\^] M 2X 7M X 4 `_:p a g A |

a f g NAttx:9`twtRxA f ex f t f g -tKRtN!`tRNNt etxt`

nmpo3]qsrutwv:x B S]hyumpz{|}q ~Dnmo LQ`H x6tt 2 t;` 2 2 H f w f 2 ( Bb HA !p NFwt|7 t ` f" 7 (4G R xB 8V (G H?w tQ97 W ttY 2 ( 7 4 `_ !^a tA`x-tQWtm|-#\R`Fj

f} 2 Y ( f" 2 I " `_ 2 Y ( `_^

` FE J \ B) HA R e\`!,`&x`tgLQ`&pt!`xt|t 2 A 9`b 2 2 (e EW9xAr f ``x``wr LQ Jt9``x3 2 Y R/``t^,Fmr tQ`t-Qw^e`x`twJt!V3 2 Y

N A `_ `_^ tT txA` 6 `t| |?9t-|x; xAV/R;xxtA\R3t} A LQ LL 6 xe `r`NtQtm`-x`x |,xA`R` x x`t;V`|`t Nm`x`xxtx`tA^9xA``xt9| e-t`x

xxtt!? LL {ompr{zuo^rhzt"~1' /P`8mxmt`x` `; t

LQ`[ x a `_ `xe-tx etAe ` txt&V `_

! "$#%'&)(%'*,+--/.'%!0213(%4*/&516*/798:& o {@?BA"x{.o mpzt""hPb

LRTbh p:JER1JT 2GR:'K

zyRztyumpq r{zxEnRKP

TbhM 5%!02:kp:4,16*v%=4:4:*02:k1N*7C60R.!;/&l(:g%!*,p1N&q%'&

j)i TWLu:PJKJRK

w D : M3TJ:9TJJTbR: KE D 'i VJ$ D C

w D : M`_ LLRPTbRJIRRP =hK2^R@TbPJUhTP^b

Matrix M2

Basis C1 Basis C2 Basis C3

Basis C4 Basis C5 Basis C6

6 HJR M'

~

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Number of Word Clusters

Nor

mal

ized

Mut

ual I

nfor

mat

ion

(Mea

n)Coclustering results on Classic3 (number of doc clusters=3)

Basis C1, Euc

Basis C2, Euc

Basis C3, Euc

Basis C4, Euc

Basis C5, Euc

Basis C6, Euc

Basis C1, Idiv

Basis C2, Idiv

Basis C3, Idiv

Basis C4, Idiv

Basis C5, Idiv

Basis C6, Idiv

^HJR M

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Number of Word Clusters

Nor

mal

ized

Mut

ual I

nfor

mat

ion

(Mea

n)

Coclustering results on Classic3 (number of doc clusters=3)

Basis C2, EucBasis C5, EucBasis C2, IdivBasis C5, IdivSPKMeans

^HJR MLs'

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Number of parameters

Nor

mal

ized

Squ

ared

Err

or

Basis C1Basis C2Basis C3Basis C4Basis C5Basis C6

^HJR M LLRlPTR:IRR TbJhPgJPIRR `^abdTdfRejJRHPgJPd/JJoRQG D I

w D : M D J PR RhJRH`^abdTdfReR

J JPRH

w D : ML D JnRR `v^acb%dVedfRe3pPJJEJ D PRjGRH

PJRERLgK G!Hh lCqGRTWLJQP3M w E

V

w D : M 3RPLhR::H D :R 2RH5TbPrP TR:NM a JTUTbKRRRJRJ'sJT D } D :R"}hRH3JRJLRP D :J

vH: D + D R SJhR: i5LR) RHAXi JR1sTPrP

Tbn PT PJ D : h RWpJ T RH?@TbrP :Tb^R:li3RH JfT JRM w JTJJR: D R APT PJ D :OLRlFhJPT VJT JRH@Ji3:vhTRHX:JOJPR^'K @LhRRJJJ TbRRRHjJ i:EPRRH D 1K RJ" HP:TbJRTWLxJJ:'KbRRhLhRHjJ:TjG!T JRVTJR:NM

RJ

:TjVTb[2TbThRH:R[PHTb1TR:J+3

2

V !

w 1JRP^3V

E.- / C 1035n_Xn32 54 7698:03=? A@5iJ1R"H: D TbliJ 1PV JsLRT CB? JA@5liWi'T JRED'H 2RE)b}WHJ D T 2AB"TWLRR^H$:RH3R+J"E D RjHKE^LRR D :'RJ:R iPJT CJ:R D JOLhPT JTbKGF ? MHRM TbrPJR3"JRRH@wJ5hLhAP 3ELRTb6HJ D NT 2[J|LRVT pi3:M w U$JJJ!K jH: D T 2 in D RnE }WiJ D R'hR+)dPTJKRH?VJZTbJI MK" hJVJZTbJI J)i i'1R :hR1hPPhR: D A J D J: TbM

MLONQP N SR D Ph^RKLhRRJR:kR?JPn:MITNUP N SR D RRLRHW:4T 2JMV"EJ T JOi'"3H: D 4Tb[RRhLAULR D D J:!KCJP D JR:lCR WJPi'lKW$gJh^R:SK&'H RE) +HJ D 4T 2"J3 TbCw$J:J2 +^R:PR =MM 1$gJ:!KnHJ D T 2CIYX5H D KW:H ?[ZC\ ? LH] @^@iR_LH] 1` N SR L N Ma li' |TbHPR: RR

PJR: D !i'JH

E 16q[ESCl> R, b

^RT D lnRT i'nBJR:8 ? LgM b M e @RJRCw'iVTb iJhPAJALI*XQM a LRThRHdBJRJ

i' D R ? g N SRwv N Zq\ & @

g N SRxv N ?[ZC\ & @ ?[Z \ @Hg N SRwv N ?[ZC\ & @ ? I zMIq@

g N SRwv N ? I zI N @"5'VJ|TbTI JJT2li :"JLRR D :w1JiJV1|T 2JMI N P N SR JCT R JPi3:cRhLI:M a li' RT D l

QP2L^RJRP D JRJM w RR RR HPC i'L

%o CMAl E^HPRJDtHP:TECYl._

M "!"# $%& #'% U)(*+ #, $%-Q_./102 354768 C.C9:

~ 9N ~ S H S 1 e ~5eZ~5W%SZ~ ~2 S Ge%y~ ~ e xe ~ ~"W~WS e ~S ~ "ne ~ee~2m ` p`z"Z/y~2`

~"e~2 e ~ ~"W~e%ex~ ezm~ ~"~ =e ~n`z"Z/y~2`& I ^ y e ~" e ~"W~5e%~ ez S~ \e " e ~&e%e~ eGQ~ ~"~ e ~&~2 zy~2 I S =` y = x ` ~2We~2` ~2 e ~G } ~"e~ ~Zm~ ~"~ e ~2 7 ~ e ~ $ S p 7e ~~2 Z/y~2 a ~ ~ e ~xS p 7e ~z"uzy~21 1 e~2~2 e ~ $ S n he ~&Z~2 ZzS~2 p e ~ e G ` ~2GZ/y~2 `5z~2S &e ~n e ~" ~ e ~)S ` e ~Z/"7Z/y~2`&y~2~2~2 ue ~ZZ~2 zy~2 ~ S m~Ze~""y ~

xq ) h.&q;6V;6;m =eS x~2 e u ~GSe / y~Z~2 "Y~ / y~ ~ e 5e~2 W~% eZ`~ h ~ nS ` )~ ~2 \e ~

W~G b =_ ~ `& ~ ~" e ~GZ/y~2` =S e~ S~2 %Z~ ~"%Szy~21\ ~" e 2 !"#$%&')(*",+ .-/0'132547698 :;,=7?.;,@ A B B B0'132547698 C/DEGF)H3I)H3J K/L$M,NO P)Q 1387?R2S;,T:;,1S=badc?R= Q 138 R B B BXY?R=72387154>1 Xe?R=72387154>1gfe^_^=>13h 47;4713=$j)k"=>l mon69TR= p R B Bq 69@G47?R@/1S=Sjk"ms? t/4713= p U p B

/ SmW ee e ~)"~5 7WSSQ S e~ " ~5e~2 ~2 p ~"~ \/` W ee ` % e ~ W ee S1 ? WSSQu@. ~2 ` ~ S ~ e ~ $ S"` e ? bZvw &~2 "1e @ ~"e~2 1e ~Z~2 W ee 1 ? SSSSWQx@. ~2 ~ G ~ `e ~ $ S"`eG e ? evyw "`e~2 w ~2 e ~e~2 @. ~S ~ x" m~ny %y~2 e%z z%|{,}\}~'~\~`9\uo5yyy"q\Y}%\W'}%/Y'}%%y

1 e ~~/m~" Z~ ~"e~ ~ /"S~2 "`S ~" 1 z y~~2 e e u= ~~2Z "`` % e %yZWSS% nZe~m~ ~ ~ e ~`~2W S` e nWS ~2 e ~ ` z SS S = ~2nWe~ ~"e~ " eS ne~ ~2 ~" `e ~Z/y~2` a ~ ~" ` ~%S~2Z ~"e~ e ~zy~2e~2~2 e S~2 ~Se~2e~ \ e~2S n ` ~2WS ` e ~eZ~~2W S` e ` e ~ ~2 =Q~" ~2W S` ~S~ e ~WSeS ~ ~2 Se~~2 e G e e W e "S`W Se ~ `e ~2~2 e ~ Se Z/y~2` Y ~2S ~"zy~215 a y~ W ZzS~2`5We~p~2 i [ " v " 5 [e~2m~2 e ~2` 5 ~ e & m ee ~`z"Y %Y~ ~2 ~"~). )S e ~ e Z~2& e ~)m~2 %` e x %~ e~2S~ e ~xSeW ~ e` G ` /"h `

b+v

Y> Sh\u/ y\$yS~2 ~ e` ~%Z ~2 e ~S % e ~/"

0 5000 100000.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

0.05

0.055

Virtual sample size

KLD

iverg

ence

GlobAvgMinMaxMeanCent

0 5000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Virtual sample size

Squa

red L

2 Dist

ance

GlobAvgMinMaxMeanCent

0 5000 100000.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Virtual sample size

L1 D

istan

ce

GlobAvgMinMaxMeanCent

%Se~ b =" W e %SZ/y~2zS e Z~ ` ~ W e Se ~x~"eW 1 " ~ e ~ /}y~ / e ~" bZv ` m~2%Z~2m~ ~" ~ e ~5eZ`~ ~ ` e~2~2 e e ~5% ` ~2 ~ `e ~S %y.~2 ye ~x%UZzS~2 Q~ ~" e ~ ~ e ~xQ~2 e ~`z"uZ/y~2` 9 o ` A gO 7 %Se~ e ~Q~" G ~ %yZ~ e / e ~ WSSQx S ~ ~"e~~2 /" ~ x ~"~ \ eS &"~ ` e ~ZZ/y~2` ~ `z"Z/y~2` %`zy~2 Z~2 Z/y~2> ~ S ~"zS % Z%ZW~2 %y~ ~"e~` e ~`z" ~2 ~ e ~e~"`e e u ~ ~" ye ~m~" ~% 1 Ue ~x%Q e ~&~2 ZzS~2 ~" e ~ ` z SSS/"mZ/y~2`We~x S` " S ~" e 1 %ye~) z S eS~2 e %y ~2 SS zy~ %S`Q~" m~ ~" e` ~2~ `e ~ ` ~" p Ye ~5/"hZ/y~2`

+

0 2000 6000 10000 140000.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Virtual sample size

KLD

iverg

ence

GlobAvgMinMaxMean

0 2000 6000 10000 140000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

Virtual sample size

Squa

red L

2 Dist

ance

GlobAvgMinMaxMean

0 2000 6000 10000 140000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Virtual sample size

L1 D

istan

ce

GlobAvgMinMaxMean

%Se~ \s W e %`SZ/y~2zS " ~ \ ~2GZ/y~2> `e eZ`~ ~ SySWu\

YM7Tloe Y5>i A Al S \+ loY e ~" " m~2 %y Z~ N e ~ y~ Q~ ~"~ S e~ e 5 e ~ e ~%5 1 ~2Z/y~2 ` ~2 S y~ " m~

e%``~2 z` W~nZ/y~2e~2%1 e u ~ Y Sm~"x "1S ~" %ye~ R e ~ W e e ~ ~"W~nS ` zS ` % `ee ~ Sm~" "1S ~" `e ~`z"uZ/y~2` W e S" y~2 ~2 S ~ ye% e ~x ~ ~ e e ~ ~"W~&S Z ~2`S e ~S Z% y~2e~2e~ e ~ SQ~" "`S ~" ` e~2e~2 & e %Se "`S ~"z" e ~ ~"`S ~"Q~")m ` e ~"e~ x )S %e& S m~2"Se~) e ~ y"`S ~". `e ~S

%WW~"`S ~"zS ` " m~x ` ~2 m~ e~ eS `e` `S~ ~ GS e1~"

0 2000 6000 10000 140000

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Virtual sample size

KLD

iverg

ence

GlobAvgMinMaxMean

0 2000 6000 10000 140000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Virtual sample size

Squa

red L

2 Dist

ance

GlobAvgMinMaxMean

0 2000 6000 10000 140000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Virtual sample size

L1 D

istan

ce

GlobAvgMinMaxMean

%Se~ s W e %`SZ/y~2zS " ~ \ ~2GZ/y~2> `e eZ`~ ~ SySWxS

A % o _ CYMo\T[g' ~`WS ~2 %y~2W S` e ~"e~ S zm~2 `` ~ e ~~ ~" %yxWSe% u y x%ZW u ~n %~ e ~ SQ~" / Z~2 m~~S e ~% ` ~2N ~ ` e ~S %y~2p e ~zy~2~2%` e Ye ~5/"hZ/y~2` m~ e ~5eZ~5 e e ~ y~5Z/y~2 %ye~) e ~zS e ~p ~"e~ \ zy~21 )` %yS zQ~2 ` e ~G"~2 e ~)%`Z/y~2YQ~" Gm~ ~" e e ~nm~2 /"ZzS~2 e~" ~" 7e ~Z%zy~2szS ` 1 ~ ~""%~" e ~ e ~~ \ ~2Z/y~2 e =e ~ ~"W~S 7e ~5/"uZzS~2`

+

1 510 3060 10000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Number of clusters

KLD

iverg

ence

1 510 3060 10000

2

4

6

8

10

12

Number of clusters

Squa

red L

2 Dist

ance

1 510 3060 10000

0.2

0.4

0.6

Number of clusters

L1 D

istan

ce

1 510 3060 1000100

80

60

40

20

0

20

Number of clusters

Aver

age P

rivac

y

%Se~ R W e S p %hzy~2zS ` " e~ZzS~2ue~2%`ye u

3 /YeQ/ ~Z/y~2 1\ ~" e 5 )S` e e ~eZ ` W~25%` e Se~2~ ~2 1eS W ~"Se / y~xZ Z~ ~ S ` `~2 2 GSy~2e

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.02

0.04

0.06

KL

Div

erge

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

1

2

3

Squ

ared

L2

Dis

tanc

e

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.1

0.2

0.3

L1 D

ista

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.5

1

KL

Div

erge

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.5

1

1.5

Squ

ared

L2

Dis

tanc

e

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.05

0.1

0.15

L1 D

ista

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.1

0.2

0.3

KL

Div

erge

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

2

4

Squ

ared

L2

Dis

tanc

e

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.2

0.4

0.6

L1 D

ista

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.5

1

1.5

KL

Div

erge

nce

1 2 3 4 5 60

2000

4000

6000

Squ

ared

L2

Dis

tanc

e

1 2 3 4 5 60

0.5

1L1

Dis

tanc

e

1: GLOBAL, 2: AVERAGE, 3: MINIMUM, 4: MAXIMUM, 5: MEAN, 6: CENTRALIZED

%Se~ %zy~2' Y ~"e~ h m~27 ~ e ee~2m e ~5~2eS e ~)W e ~2 e~2 e e~ ~ \e1 y%~zy~ ~ e~2eQ~2 e` ~2 ~ ~GWne~"e~2~ e ~ ~".W~ 1y~p e ~~"eenW~"Se~2~ e ~5 SWy~ / e ~" Zv `

+

! #"%$&')(*,+-! -'./(0+-#1%2!34 56(*7 (48716#.9411%:34#-! 5416-?4@;A # )6(*B(*C-DE#>- #FHGI4,18716:A#45J(4DK-L+, 5687>#+M+N 66(*#"OQPR4P6"0-SDE#>- #T)(*>1,+U8VS+-#2!41Q"0+EW(*2X(4 T(YG4! 517,-3-P Z34#-! 541!4[\ #16!G42\DE(4 B+7 568N>-#+]16# 5,-3^)# 6(*\,@G4(*16G0-3_.\>16716/(4 3*47 6(*$=6U+7 ! 5#@`5#.F4`Da(4 `-# Z #b#)G4S+7874#!PXcd`e`! "0$Z%./(4GI(*> fDa(4 .\>1,6(*](4D`-F./(0+-#1g2!34 56(*M (4871#.h>-3:-U.F ,.\>.h+7^16i4#1,kj(2(0+C 57!67164P (Y$Z!G4! #"T7/F-(4F5>-lm!6#2/(M)(*./71!#16;Ab#!Da;n-(4.F413*1(48741o./(0+-#1p,-f34#-! 41o!4B$K-! %\16(0!41p./(0+-#1q+(m-(4=7#G4r([)(4 #V(*+(r-q4./q-#.F0P #)4"@(\4++- #s7t4+- >4);4"*$&K2G4(4i4q-q.m .B>.u#0j 5(42;f7 5!6N16s(S 5 56G4Zt= #!Z.F-#.m!41ODa(4 5.B>1(*fDE(4 v&-!! 5(434#-!(*>.F(O+-#1w,@!34 5(*L (48N16#.Pcd416;0%(4D`\./(0+-#1g2!34 56(*M (48716#.x16#4+f(_!lm!6#2r6! 5G4U41634(j 6.FBm 5L3*> 542!#+y(M)(*2G4! 34_('-(4.m41q(*1>-(*nDE(4 m+,) !L++(*.F4B4?$Z#1,1Zz #!>- 6G4U+#)(*./V(*66(*A5#./:? 71(*6\)(*7+66(*41&+)jV#+#))(* 542!P (4 [)! 4y)(*.F.F(*16;M(0!!>- -3{Da#> L!m)(* 3*>- 56(*#|

7qDE;[/b#!,41N1(*$K-! Z3*16(48N41@./(0+-#1@,45>./#+f(S8V#16(*-3K(ddV#! #+%N 54./! 5ZD4.F16;S4+B-(H$A7`)(* 54#+U7 (48716#.!48V=#.F76 5!41,16;/(*16G4#+:8O;F34#-! 53 GO6 5>41 4./716#DE (*.-S16(O!41b+ 5687>-(*t4+U-# -3Br7 4./! 5d./(0+-#1(4Dpd+-#56 #+FDE(4 5.(m-#r4.F716#!Pf5 Q =n fZXLS&QgwmGcd%_-/!4?(4DZ-(*.F(434#-!(*>%./(0+-#1v@!34 6(* e`! "p$& 5S#./S(.m-#.F!411;{+ - >416- [!\)(4 5 #V(*+3(_-+7 ! 5#@T7 566(*T4+KT+-#-(4#qr>6(*:(4Ds411w#r16(0!41wDE#>- f!!PT0)f)(*.F716!/./(0+-#1oS+- -#+L(*_K)"V$K_)(*>71+^8V?1 34! S4_-/16(0!41oDE#>- /!! "oF+^1i4#1-(O(O+7 N#[

$Z(*>1,+]{DE4)\8VF)(*./71!?1,6i4#1-(O(0+(4874-#+U82;F 5#-3?-S>#G418N16qDE#>- SGI41,>-#Z4`.F,-3\+0PX=(H$f"->,-3r-$Oi0-(H$KB #1,6(*B8b!

!= 5w Q 0 _4 N/6# b %4qb ) m - 4_@XbF4^E0#*O\#! !E04 #F 0)- 16(43 b 9Xuq N T6 ! wCyb -) rE-\/4 N4v Q - M N!

H) ;+- 766(* 1(43 N 99 @4 16(43 b 9gZH 16(43 N 9S XH 1(43 N 9t 16(43 N 9S-AZH 16(43 N 9S uq bH 6 ! wyNY

[-%8V(HG4f16#.F.m0"Od#2 (4O;U! .}`+-!V#+-#2g(4D-S (48787,16~;F+#66G416#2Z(F.F,.F ,-3%-%fwj+76G4! 34#)q8V!-6(*B4+?-K7 (4 5,`.m 3*41-+-#76~;4"PR4P6"&L.F ,.\>.16i4#1(2(0+M7 5!6N16U)(4 5#V(*+/(MM.F.B>.fpj~+6G4! 34#)7 5!6N164Ps0,)S-f16(0!41w./(O+#1dI 7-3dp#.F.F "*$&q+- U :5I) (4Dv-f3*16(48741o./(O+#1V(F8V

`` b t o N# 6 Q P P $=-! \[16(Y$Z! f)(*S+7!#=U8V!! %./(O+#14+_-B$Z#3*@ \0

(4 5.F41 #+?(\>.u( Ps/ 54))4"O+>-`(f-K 56G4);\)(* 542!"*-K1(O!41-./(0+-#1$=11--(4Z 4)16;F)(4 5 #V(*+/(B-K#.F76 5!41-+7 568N>-6(*B(*F-d(*>- 5)d+4!!"087>#|

` KF34(2(0+^-(*)rDE(4 K >7416~;)(*=DE>7)6(*L,)%$Z\(*16;:#G4B4!)#d(m-1(O!41p.F(O+-#1,T4+-(4q-r(4 563*41V+0P6 `` 4` >416- 54"O= 5(48716#.(4D +,-3%-S(4.F41N3*16(48741.F(O+-#1##2411;L@G4(*1G4#%.F.m -3?-/fpj~+6G4! 34#)B8V!~$&!#{-/16(0!41./(0+-#147+-' 5(4 5].F 3*,41%+-#~;+>)#+8O;'3*16(48741f.F(O+-#1P-)]fwj+76G4! 34#)F% 5)16;^)(*2G4 {8V(4]6% 3*>.F#@ e K "o4+{-F.m 3*41s+-#0j566#K 5B1,-# KD>)6(*7q(4Dg-?)(*./71!B+-#76~;D>)(*w"7-\(HG4! 541,1 >41~;L)(*D>)(*w"g$K,5/])(*./V(*6(*C(4D=~$&('DE>7)6(*!"Z/)(*@G4 ,nL)(*./716!+#641~;)(*S4K[> >-f.F,.B>.G41>-4"-8N>-`-! r)(*>1,+:8b%.B>166N16d.F(O+-#1,T)(4 #V(*+,-3\(m-f4./f.F,.F41V)(*!P(4 5+! /(M5-(O(*L(*L(4D=#^./(0+-#1!"Z$Z_@G4(4i4^-L.F .\>7.#@ (4O;C 57!kjN16 e` "-$K75:` >6G416#2&(U.FiO,-3 -(/ /4>./76(* 8V(*>-T-%3*16(48741.F(O+-#1P -fi4!;L+-#UTS.F .B>.}#2 (42;_(*1>-6(*^4./(*-3m\!d(4Dg.F,.F j! %-(4%(*16;^.m.F #K-Frwj~+6G4! 534#)?$K6z #V#)%(-/16(0!41t./(0+-#1!"V87>-%41,(UB./(*d>2874#+^(*-4P%Z>--3U(434!-! %8V(4_B.F .B>.#@ (4O;^4+z-.m.B>.rwj~+6G4! 534#)S 5!716#!"2$Z%!4:DE(4 5.F4116;U%-\ !~)O)b5OKM#@! N~44 (48716#.}4 .F 4 yb Q P P $=-! 53*.F Is `` b! Q P P 47+M K r-[!\(4DK41,1g (48N8716-6(*S(YG4! /-mDE#>- :!\K)P -.F(O+-#1v2!34 56(*_ (4871#."7-! 5!Da(4 4"p,@G4(*16G4#d(*16G0-3U~$&(>-8-j 5(48716#.F& fwj+76G4! 34#):)(*/.F,.F 6(*w"v4+ 8 #2 (4O;n.F .F (*wP 63*>- P -(H$=BN)(4 541s !7 ##26(*M(4D`-m (48716#.DE(4 5.B>16(*'Da(4 \-m+ 5687>-#+{)#7 56(^ 63*> P P&-)q-Sfpj~+6G4! 34#)S)(*`.F,.F 6(* Q P P ,XB)(*@G4 (4.F Ij(*/ (4871#."*-K!g(4Dw.F.m ! 5 g41(rf)(*2G4 !!P >- ! #"2,)T#@ 5(42;F

v

2 3

3

1 2

2P 3P(B,C), (A,C),1

KLDIVERGENCE MINIMIZATION

M

*P

ENTROPY MAXIMIZATIONM

m

LOCAL MODEL 1 LOCAL MODEL 2 LOCAL MODEL 3

GLOBAL MODEL

P (A,B),

argmax { H( P (A,B,C) )}

Pc

P1

P cP3

mP

(A,B,C)

cP P 2 cPargmin { KL( (A,B) || (A,B)) + KL( (B,C) || (B,C))

1

+ KL( (A,C) || (A,C)) }

63*> P (0+-#1s2!34 56(*{^:+, 5687>#+L16# 5,-3m)# 6([,@G4(*16G0-3U+V! #@DE#>- \!!P41,(F 5)1;U)(*2G4 "N-%(HG4! 541,1o./(0+-#1w2!34 56(*7 (48716#. 4q/>7 >-%.F.m ! #P=(4dg-d>)(* 4-#+?G4! 5(*F(4Dw-K(*./(434#-!(*>&./(0+-#12!34 56(*U (4871#. P P DE(*116(H$=%4rV#!41t!4m$K-! /-! 5Ff-(L-#)#56~;zDE(4 f#@ 5(42;].F .F Ij(*F4t-Krwj~+6G4! 534#)q.F,.F 6(*?t4+- >q(\> >-#16;r,+-#@Da;fq(4.F413*1(48741p./(0+-#1QP]/)(*+! K~$&(./(0+-#1o2!34 56(*z)# 6(* - 5K(*-\$=-! r$&\!!i\>)(*7 54-#+L(4.F41-W(*2K+, 5687>6(*w"-4+LB#)(*7+L(*-B$K-! r$Z\ # 5)L(*1>-6(*A(']!145/(4Dd,@! 7 !8716:./(0+-#1!"g!G4#J-(*>-3*C,B.m#;C #>1B

1#d(4.F41s(*1>6(*wPd16#d-/(4,.F41s(*1>-6(*z4%:!16(*#+]47416;2,\DE(4 5."w6%DE#468N16T(f 4)16;F(*16G4qK./(0+-#12!34 56(*m (48716#.u(*716;\DE(4 Z56>6(*s$=-! q-7 (487871,6~;r+(*.F4 K 64"2QPR4P6"@#4mDE#>- qi4#& 76T2>.\8V! g(4Dw+,)G41>-##P #7)4"7(U4+7+- #Tr./(0+-#1p2!34 56(*7 (48716#."-$&f8V!3*8O;[ ##2-3m+#)(*./V(*66(* 5#>16 -!(4 #. {O#)6(* P d-(4K(*1;:1#4+q(:4L!lm!#@,@!34 5(*L 5!34;:DE(4 q?34#-! 541w)# 6(-"-87>-TT41(?) >!41VDE(4 T(4843B441;2(*1>-6(*ZDE(4 q)! 4:V#!41bDa#> %!T)(* 3*>- 5(*!"0$Km$&f+-#) 68V=O#)6(* P P O#)6(* P "T$Z{4416; ^-z./(0+-#1q2!34 56(* (4871#. Da(4 :+5) !^++(*.F4F47+y (YGO,+-L41634(4 567.F(*1>6(*/DE(4 m34#-! 41KDE#>- z!m)(* 3*> 56(*!P (L4++- 5#S-m#)(*7+')# 5(-"oMO#)6(* P | "v$&/Da(4 5.B>1F47+](*16G4m./(0+ #+G4! 6(*A(4DK-[(4 563*,41Z.F(O+-#1&2!34 56(*C 5(48716#. m! M#@) 7~~44 4 $=-! B-/3*16(48741s./(0+-#1sS(*>-3*2SDa (*.h:V#! #+^7 4./! 5BD4.F16;4"V4PR3-P6"o.F >- 5(4D Zv 4>47!Pf X?_g s! ! /"[T#)(*w"0$Zf441; %-%)(*TD>)(*`4(0!#+$K6[-%./(0+-#1V2!34 56(*7 (48716#.4+7 (HG4L]!(4 !!41T #5>16?m16#4+7?(M]+-#)(*./V(*6(*A55-#./^Da(4 (*16GO,-3/-r./(0+-#1@!34 6(*L 5(48716#. 8O;L+6G0+-3?6q2(U5.F4116! q2!34 56(*_ (48j1#.FX(YG4! K>-8N!X(4DDa#> #!P ,Z+-#)(*.Fb(*566(*F 5#>16Z#8716#`>&(B(484:!16(*#+DE(4 5.(*1>6(*=Da(4 f)! 4,]V#!41oDE#>- /!f)(* 3*>- 56(*7d,{O#)(* P "o4+{41(1#4+f(_!lm!6#2\)(*./7>6(*41X(*1>-6(*S(4DTm./(0+-#1X2!34 56(*M (4871#. ]-7 ##)%(4Dt)(*+6(*41w+!b#7+-#)d #16(*T4.F(*-3F-fDE#>- ##Pp!\$# &%$#[8Vm_7 6(*](4DTK)"sQPR4P6" %$# K('K$#U$=6'DE#>- UG4#)(4 5 #47+ % #% #b#)G4#16;4P)=5-3 #;4#q >164"0$Zf!4^716Z-f+ 5687>-(*F(4Ds4@;[)(*./716!.F(O+-#1o7T4 N! gn +* # ,,+*.- +* % # # &/ &01 K Q P P |

-B8V(YG4B >6(*{>3434#SS-B (48716#.(4D 7+-3F\(4,.F41 b )(*>1+z8V716s2(f.F4116! g5>-8-j (48N16#.FX2G4(*16G4T(4.m -3 *! 47+ ,+*2- +*! !7 5#1;\8O;)(*7+-! 5,-3\#6 q)(*@ 687>-6(*7`(F-%(HG4! 411ofpj~+6G4! 34#7)f4+#2 (42;:)(*=DE>7j(*!P (^ 71(4 ?SV(*68N16

.F(O+-#1,S(HG4! B-FDE#>- m!f "-m2!34 56(*M%V! DE(4 5./#+{(*]-U.F 3*41+7 568N>-6(*r(HG4! mLDa#> L!? #*

P !1(*! m16(O(4iN"Z-^#)(*7+! 5. !441,(M8V^!#(A8b_>.F.F(*y(4Df4++6G4L! 5.FU#45(4Df$=5J)(4 #V(*+m(A #+MGI41>m(4D #:4+n4BLDE(4 5. 5.F1 %( `` "s-[+V! #)U,]\!4U8V#37Z-S2!34 56(*[Z(HG4! q16(0!417)(*+766(*41N+ 587>-6(* , *#

4+U-d$Z#3*@)(4 5 #V(*+3_('^+V! #2?1(O!41q.F(O+-#1,/ ; *# # PJo#.F.F 7 (HG0+-#Un,.F1 m+#)(*./V(*66(*J(4D%-_#2 (4O;J)(* yb! $K6y 5m! 5. * )(4 #V(*+,-3\(/%#@ (4O;[(4D * 4+:-%#)(*+L! 5.}>- 57-3r(*>T(F8VF$Z#63*2#+^5>.F.F6(*:(4Dv-f#2 (47#T(4Dt)(*+66(*741b+7 568N>-6(* ,+*.- +* P

4#+F(*F-K8V(HG4q(48N! G6(*!"*TDa(*11(H$K3d!(4 #. 54)! 5 #X-q(4-j,.F41*)(*./71!Z./(0+-#1@,%! 5.Fo(4D--X(*1>6(*w(d.F4116! ./(O+#1*2!34 56(*\ (48716#.m,@G4(*16G0-3 +*! # 47+ ,+*! % # # Pq-# %$#B,K+!b#7+-#@T(4Ds$#@"N! \=FD>- -! 5./71 !6(*F4+U-d(4.F41b(*1>6(*mDE(4 &-%)(*+66(*7417+ 5687>-(* , * - *! % # # > 5`(*>-q(m8bf,+-!V#+-#2Z(4D #@Pi5[0uo# $# &%$# =N)m)74{ !#E[ K %$# K('K$# o! # 8 $# % # 8 %$#

! Nl* N * zE-{b /4K!- -B)zE0F#2) 7~~44 SN )B I#fFE-&kH5OF b02)- *# N , *#

~-H ) t E

I?E-/F#@! OE 6V0)E0)q6# N *y * % # # FE0Ub F=)4- E-zF#@) 7~** JN ) OE0'N Nf@!- ) , * - *# % # # Bt ELF#@! OE= ) ; *# #

F 0r!- [E0?4 N/H@) 7~~44 :N ) *y = ! :N /tnN * #,b *y * % # #[ LO)b! [Nl tnNl* # ,b * % # 0) $# N %$# N@

y0 #5#+f4pX>.(4D-)(*2 5687>6(*VDE (*.-Z.F 3*414+7 568N>-6(* * # "44+%-)(*7+66(*417+ 587>-6(* ,+*.- +*! % # # "@DE(4 X#45:-(*)K(4D # PX0)T#=+, 5687>6(*,@G4(*16G4B+-!V#+#@T7 4./!! 5=d>7 >-#16;U+!! 5.F-r-\)(*./N16!B+7 568N>-6(*b! "K$&'!4(*16G4{-{ 5(48716#.F Q P P 4+ Q P P 8O;!7 5#16;(4.F|#,-3M-)(*2 568N>-6(*:(4Dv-r)(*./V(*-#2K+ 5687>-(*!P07) bl* ?(4.F41T+, 5687>6(*' #5>16-3zDE (*. -L2!34 56(*y(4D=-1(O!41p.m 3*41w+-#766#= *# $K6z

4qf./(O+#1V$Z#63*2!"$&rHG4 p *H # 6 #l*

# 9 o *# # 6 *! # =/@N! 0 K Q P P 47+L41( Nl* y * &/@N Da;0-3 Q P P Q P P

0.m1 516;4"wDE(4 ?0#+'G41>-F(4D #*" N *y * r-F(4,.F41X+, 5687>6(*z #>16,-3DE (*. -f,@!34 5(*:(4D-f1(O!41w)(*+766(*41b+ 687>-6(*7T , * - *# % # # $K6.F(O+-#1V$?*2% ;

(/ /@b 0 p; , *# % # # 6 , * *m * %

# # 9& p; , *# % # # 6 , * - * % # # 9Q P P 47+ /@N DE;0-3 Q P P "

N *y * % # # 9&y ,+* % # # 9 Q P P p! XCN * # ,,# - # % # # / 0 K P&q-#w"7Da (*. Q P P 47+ Q P P 47+Lp#.F.m "7$&7+[

` b ` b &/2N 0 Q P P j

4|

>- -! #"-DE (*. Q P P " Q P P 4+Lp#.m.F "R$Z\(487! G4rybl yN Q P P

DE(4 K!G4! 5; N =,`# Q P P j P=-)%#2 (42;L,qm )16;:)(*@G4yLD>)6(*p"-$Z!4U(*16;?HG4d\> >-T(*1>-(*w"24+m-#)4" t-=(4.F41(*1>-6(*/(\-=.F(O+-#1,@!34 5(* (4871#. Q P P P Hd )c (% (YG4q-T#)(*+F7 s(4DNT #>16!"$&T8V!3*B82;B(487! G0-3d$=-#?-TDE#>- K!t # 4+ % # K+!b#7+-#@!"-q1(O!41-)(*+766(*41-+, 5687>6(* , * - *# % # #

6 z+-!V#+-#2/(4Df-z5-(*,)_(4D #_47+ {+-#2!41K(n-)(4 5 #V(*+3{.m 3*41q+7 568N>-6(*m , *# % # 6 P=5-3',? (4V! ~;4"`$&_!4(H$5-(H$7mDE(4 m4@;+, 5687>6(* N! 0 K "Z-! 5^416$`#;0my-FM.F 3*41+7 568N>-6(* ,+*e >M7\-U (0+>)f(4DT[.F 53*41X+7 568N>-6(* +*! 4+ ,+*e1#4+S(L:16(H$&! rfpj~+6G4! 34#)/)(*!P?{7 !>71 #"bDa(4 r41,1 b! 0M K "o16! ,+* 8V+j7-#+4

,+* % # g , *# % # : * *#

# ,, * - *! % # #

, *# % # / % #0 %$# K-#w" ` N ` *! , *

*# # 6 *! #9w : * 6 ; , *# % # 6 , * - *! % # #9

p *H # 6 *! # 9v : * o

+7>-:('-)(*!#G06)6(*A$K6CO>41~;n(*1+-3z 5>-:(*1;M$K-#3, * - *! # #T , *e #/ # 0 # 47+ g PSq-! !DE(4 4"V-?(4.m41-(*)?(4Dr)(*+6(*41p+ 5687>-(* , * - *# % # # 4K(U7+-!V#+-#2&(4D #\4+L2>41o(m-.m 3*41w+, 5687>6(* ,+*! % # P]q-(Y$y16(2(4irDa(4 t-`8V#s5-(*,)&(4D ,+*! 4./(*3S41,1@-`V(*8716Z.m 3*41O+ kj8N>-6(*t(YG4! T-KDE#>- S! %$#*P 6 5!"2$Zd(487! 5G4=&F7X!44"0-d)(*@ 687>-6(*(4D ,+* (F-f(YG4! 5411prwj~+6G4! 534#)r)(*qD>)(*T3*6G4#8O;

: * o *# # , *# % # 6 , * % # 99 o , *# % # 6 , * % # 9 : *

*H # o , *# % # 6 , * % # 9

$=5,+-#2!41S(y-M)(*LDE>7)6(*4(0!#+ $K62!34 5-3'.F 3*41+7 568N>-6(*r , *# % # $=6]./(0+-#1s$Z#3*@F ~

P > -! #"-F)(*@ 687>-6(*(4D 3,+*2- +* (Y$& +q-%(YG4! 5411o#@ (4O;)(*Kq3*6G4#8O; : * +*! # y , * - *! % # 9Xy , * - *! % # 9

K-! !DE(4 4"0-ffwj~+76G4! 34#)%4+[-%#2 (4O;U)(*q45(O!,#+$K6:2!34 5-3?-)(*7+66(*41s+, 5687>6(*S , *H % # # $Kz.F(O+-#1v$?*2B ; ~

?y04)1;,+-#@,!41K(C-(*])(4 5#V(*+-3n(C-z,@!34 5(*(4Df-].F 3*741=+, 5687>6(* , *# % # $K6./(0+-#1K$?*2z ~

P0,)_zDE#468N16_!,J8V(4!4# !\(4Dq411X.F 3*41Z+ 687>-6(*7K(YG4! %$# [-[4./U47+'-! [fz>O>-/(j1,>-6(*([-\.F(O+-#1o@!34 6(*^7 (48716#. Q P P "wr(4.m41o+ 5687>-(*[74K([8V,+-#@,!41^8V(4_B!4##P #)4"w-B(4.m41+, 5687>6(* N * #5>16-3mDa (*.-,@!34 5(*^(4Dt-?.F 3*,41p+ 5687>-(*d , *# % #

$K6^.F(O+-#1o$Z#3*@\ 6

,X+-#2!417(\-d+ 687>-6(* N *m * #>1-3fDE (*.=2!34 56(*U(4Dw-S)(*+66(*741+7 568N>-6(*: , * - *# % # # 6 $K./(0+-#1=$Z#3*@z ;

# 0Y # Pd3_-[34#-! 541T!4[ 5#>16?n7 "X$&)(*!1>+m?-:(4kj.m41t(*1>-6(*{DE(4 f-F!4F$K-! B # 4+ % # U+-!V#+-#2SS3*6G4#]8O; # $K-! !! XnN * # ,N * % # &/ &01 K Pq-!(4 5#. (*>-1-#UM./!(O+Da(4 U #+>!,-3'-_(4 563*41K./(O+#1K2!34 56(*7 (48716#. (HG4! -{DE#>- {![KU,@(C.F411! U 5(48716#.FU(HG4! DE#>- ]!U$#'4+

%$#@Pf_34#! 541Q"p(*16G0-3[-/./(0+-#1s2!34 56(*{ (48N16#. Q P P O>6 #d:)(*./7>-Ij(*41vyb(4 f1,-# % # % # 4%$&/-(Y$1! f'O#)6(* P (H$&!G4! #"&>-3q-!(4 #. "g6\,fV(*68N16/({ #+>)Ur)(*.F7>-6(*41&)(*?$K-#! m [+-!V#+-#7)B(4 B)(*+6(*41g+!b#7+-#)? #16(*7f4./(*-3_-FDE#>- #!Pz7 !>71 #"V$K-#_KS!4]8VB716d@(7+-!V#+-#2=>-8N!d$#F4+ %$#*"w(*/(*16;!#+T(U(*16G4f~$&(U5.F4116! q./(0+-#1p,@!34 5(* (4871#.F`(4Dt|!# $# 4+ %$# 5#V#)6G4#16;/4+F=)(*./7>6(*41Nyb(4 &g7 (4V(4 6(*410( $# O %$# Pt-#K?!4(4B8V71,6\2(]+-!V#+#@B>-87!#"t-)(*./7>-6(*741T4+-GI4234^?-(4(48OG06(*>g,)T(*-K-!#+7g(r(*1G4q(*-q 5(48716#.(4DV|! $# 47+ $# (*-#g(4Dw|! % # Pc^(4 !(HG4! H"N[-% 5##)S(4D)(*+766(*41V+!b#7+-#)4"0\ 5#!>- 56G4%-#./$=6%W>+,!6(*>&5-(*)S(4Do$#f4+ %$#f`#45L34r!4: #>1Z:B!lm!6#2T(*1>-6(*:4,:-r!4f(4Ds-%DE(*116(Y$K-3?y-4./7164P7> e&(*+! T-f!4f$K! f411V-f16(0!41p./(0+-#1T)(4 5 #V(*+:(m4G4&H;4#!1,4|! V$K6S-g4.FX!14p 687>-4"Y87>-wV(*68N16;q+V! #2p+q 568N>-#!Po2G4(4i@j,-33q!(4 #. $=6F$#%4&-S!14` 587>-S4+ %$#%4&-d #.F4,-3r 687>-##78716#t>t(\+-#)(*./V(*T-T(YG4! 5411./(0+-#1-2!34 56(*F (48716#.,@(%X(4Db2!34 5j,-3\S!1,4& 56(4 5&4+[-%!14`)(*+766(*41b+-#6#XDE(4 T#45^!14!P >- 5-! #"->3:746G4&H;4#m7+-!V#+-#)[4>./76(*n47+K-!(4 #. 8 "Z-:(4.F41`)(*+6j(*41s+-#6)d(4Dg-?(4.F41s+-#766#=(4DX-/7+6G0+>41 687>-%3*6G4#L-r!14#P

cd1634(4 56. -(Y$Kq/ #!> 56G4f+-#)(*.Fb(*566(*L-#./f7qyON16(*6q7+-!V#0j+#)B47+_)(*+766(*41p,+-!V#+-#)r #16(*K([+!! 5.F-B4^!lU!6#@S./(0+-#1v@)j34 6(*U 5!34;4PgDVr3*6G4#F7 (48716#.74Z\!16(*#+FDE(4 5.(*1>-6(* +-#) 568V#+F,UO#)6(*| (4 q!4:8Vd!lm!6#216;m(*16G4#++76 #)16;F>5-3\! 56G4%./!-(0+ +-#) 58b#+[O#)6(* "-#Ud(47.F41V./(0+-#1VZ)(*.F7>-#++6 5#)16;4P(d-! $K,4"2$&%16(O(4imDE(4 `5>-87!Z$#47+ %$#[\ 5U+!b#7+-#@%(4D`#4n(4! B4+M$K-#n>5n+-!V#+#@fN16f HGI4,187164"q-!(4 #. 8 f2G4(4i4#+'(z71dm./(0+-#1t2!34 56(*'7 (48716#.P/-#! -(]+-!V#+-#2rN16!"s$&:-(O(*L4@;A71f # 4+ % # "g !DE! 53L-(*,]$K'(*-U(4DT-U5>-87!\!4M8VFD>- -! B71S,@(z+-!V#+-#2f!B4+M,@G4(4i4K-!(4 #. PZK(4=g$#d4+ %$#d!4U8bq45>./#+m(r8Vq+-!V#+#@t>1#t-! ,K4Ly071,!6q+-!V#+-#)%(4DtrDE#>- \!=^=16#4=(*-r(4Dt\16(0!41p./(0+-#1!"7Da(4 y-4./714"--r!4f(4Dt16(0!41w./(0+-#1q7#G0-3/+EW(*2`Da#>- 5r!!Pfq GX$ d/3! /"y7m#)(*w"T$Zz4416;!^-z./(0+-#1K2!34 56(* (48N16#. DE(4 [)! 4,J)(*.F./(*716;(0!!>- -3mDE#>- /!%)(*73*>- 56(*d%2G4(*16G4/-(*./(434#!(*>f4+{+W(*2qDE#>- !r4%$t4fLb#!,41s~;Ob/(4D`6! 55,!41s(4 5+-! 53-"p4+] (YGO,+-/!16(*#+]DE(4 5.h(j1,>-6(*%DE(4 ?411g-#[!4##P^]:-#A11> 5/- (*>-3*My04.F716#B-(H$-#:!16(*#+DE(4 5.h(*1,>-6(*d!4]8VB,)(4 V(4 5#+{2(:cd1634(4 5. ([!lU!6#@1;_(*16G4/?.F(O+-#1,@!34 5(* (4871#. Da(4 K.F(4 f34#-! 541o6>6(*7!P l(Ah- L!#"ZQPR4P6"Z-L+]?-(4 5!(*@411;M7 6(*-#+w"t$K75C?-)(*+3*>- 56(*C441;5!#+A+-!41`e`7! w2P'A,\!44"Z-)(*./716!:DE#>- !qK e g

4+L-Bfwj~+76G4! 34#)r.m.F#6(*[ (48716#. PP 5 74Km>7O>-

r2lv+?

C (Xh1)+A(99cd-(4-! \./71?)(*+3*>- 56(*'$Zm)(*7+-! ff(*-F$K-! 5#z-m)(*118V(4 5,-37 6#7#G4_+7EW(*@/DE#>- _!!"qQPR4P6"`-! _F-('(YG4! 51(4DSDa#>- 5#m4./(*-3n-LG 56(*>N 6#!P^!44"r-A)(*./716!nDa#> n!^K 4+ 8 e m P=(4'L7+-(O#-(4y04)1;)(4 5 #V(*+(yG4! ,!4116;N 66(*-#+:+/5)d-f)(*118V(4 53\7 56#`.F#;:-(4T#G4\4@;[)(*.F./(*(480W#)!P=(H$&!G4! #"*(*&)(*>1,+r #4+716;S #+>)`=G4! !4116;%N 66(*-#+\+d!-3d(=&!>- 5 #@(*/82;z5-(O(*-3(L(4dV! DE(4 5.hrW(*{(*{-F 568N>-#%4+{ #3-/+V! #@DE#>- UGI41,>-#f(4Dq_)(*.F./(*n(480W#)B4r(*U 5,-3DE (*. .\>16716?(480W#)!"s-(*>-3*7T>>41,16;F #>716q16(Y$Z! =4!!>- 54);4P/!44"T,)-DE#>- ^!m ^+W(*2!"g-! 5^ L>>74116;M.B>166N16(*1>-6(*d(4D&-Ffpj~+6G4! 34#)/.F,.F|#(*^ 5(48716#. PP 411s(4DZ$K{ #>1d!! 5(Lfwj~+G4! 34#)/)(*!Pq-B(4.F41s2!34 541t(*1>6(*_,!"w-! !DE(4 4"w 5,.F 516;+-)j! .F-#+?8O;r-K#@ (4O;?.F20,.F|#6(*? 5(48716#.u4+/>- v(*>-t(f8V`-T (0+>)t+j 687>-6(*:)(4 5#V(*+-3B(F+!b#7+-#@&DE#>- f!!"N4T-%DE(*116(H$=-3?16#.F.F/(H$K!P n5 FN 6! *y Z!XE-g#*Or!#E BE C! NE 8 e t E^E0?=N!~(\!# X F 0!-ZE0?b F!0 /!h @ y = )

N ~ N# =/ )S+ 587>-6(*L+j7-#+_(*{-/)(*./716!?DE#>- /74)ia "bQPR4P6" N# $/ 0a P=o! % '& "bQPR4P6"b-?)(*./716)j.F#@ ;'!r(4DTDE#>- #!Pq#w"oDE(4 \#4ADa#>- 5U!r u g "s-U.F 3*41Z+-#~;

e

,+>)#+[8O; `3*G4#L8O; ,: XV , a ~ ,: -V , E b#

Qb b

N# ,: -V , b

AN# PR4P6"O=)(4 #b(*7+-3r1(O!41b./(0+-#1N#16DPp=#)4"0-Sfwj~+G4! 34#)S)(*`DE>7)6(*m PP `` b# ` P=07)rfwj~+76G4! 34#)BK416$`#;0(*0j~-!3*6G4q4+\O>41!! (%(*16;%$=-#B8b(4B-T 3*>7./#@s `O>41Q"4-T.F,.B>.G41>-XDa(4 v-X)(*vD>)6(*\( PP !! 5(-P >- -! #"I-&!o(4D.F,.F|!! )(*7(*716;(4DZ+, 5687>6(* N >5_S-/.F 3*,41o+, 5687>6(* +>)#+^(*z#45DE#>- \!T 3 g T+-#2!41w(m)(4 5 #V(*+3B16(0!41p./(0+-#1w+, 5687>6(* b# "7QPR4P6" Ne 0a nN# g $=5,!1>+-#&-r (0+>)T+ 687>-6(* 4T$QP]K-(Y$J)(*,+-! s-T#@ 5(42;B(4D7-q+7 568N>-6(*B-T! P&;?+-j76(*w"DE(4 K42; N 0 "-$&rHG4 ' N : XV N ~ 16(43! N ~ ` : Xw ~ 16(43! ~ ` : XV N ~ 16(43! N N~ ` : Xw ~ 16(43 NH

` # : XV N ~ 16(43! N N~ ` : -V E NH

16(43 NH `

e-

: -V b 16(43 b ` : XV N 1(43 N# `

: -V b ./#2 ]O>41Q"d-{ (0+>):+ 587>-6(* \> 2>-f.m20.m41p#2 (42;_+ 587>-6(*:\! 4+^#)4"b41,(m-\(4.F41(*1>-6(*:(Fr./(0+-#1w2!34 56(* 5(48716#.P +9!?b)+9)9 29]\-(H$ 1(2(4i[q)# 56(*q$K-! S-%DE#>- f!q(4D-f)(*1,18V(4 5-3B7 6#K!48V(4 53*4|!#+CMz)! 4C! 5 557!41gD46(*M$K6n#45-(0+-['-:6! 552;')(4 )jb(*7+-3B(m/DE#>- r5>-87!!P

6 5!"V16!S>d)(*+-! dN= !+-! )(*3*> 56(*_$K-! \-rDE#>- !/(4Dd41,1ZL)(*118V(4 5-3z7 #/#G4^])(*.m./(*(HG4! 173{5>-87!B:)(4 )jb(*7+-3:(L-U (O(4r-(0+-4PwqFDa#> m!F! 41p7 56#r 4563*-#+U(?-d1#Dp-(O+#X(4Dp7X 5!4PtU(4 5+-! `(?(*16G4d-d.F(O+-#1b2!34 56(*[ (48j1#.DE(4 &`!-3-"0$&7 5`716Z6&,@(?>-8-j7 (48716#.FX)(4 #V(*+,-3r(?-S)(*./716)j.F#@ ;]!f 4+ % F 'q 8O;z2G4(4i0-3q-!(4 5#. Puq-F>-8j (48716#.m)(4 5 #V(*+3U(^/4+ %/!4'#]8VF+6 #)16;z4++- #5#+]>3[m!16(*#+]DE(4 5.(*1>-6(*KDa(4 S+-#2!414+^+,EW(*,@qDE#>- ?!= #V#)6G4#16;L4=-BDa(*1,16(H$K,-3F16#.F.F5-(H$K#P ; \N ) h @ y v!g )T- SdEk 4 OS04 q0 %?

e

F{#!T? !6* 2f!540)5 8 Q e U -)-TE0b F)4- = ) l :

# , - # % / -6(* N % ,@G4(*16G4#?(*1GO3^./(0+-#1Z,@!34 5(*n7 (48716#.x$K6A+EW(*2fDa#> [!m % Da(4 #4'5(*)F(4DfQ0ia P/0,)\/Da#>- 5?!f F411s+W(*2!"VDa 5(*.o#.F.F "$& 7+z%B(47.F41t(*1>6(*zDa(4 f42;z-(*)/(4DyB%+!b#7+-#@=(4DX-F.F(O+-#1$?*2 ; H 4+B3*6G4#C8O;n-: 5(O+>7)\(4Dd-)(*+6(*41`+-#6#S, - # % "NQPR4P6" N % N, - # % =#)4"ZDE (*.q-!(4 5#. "X-:(4.m41&(*1>-6(*A({-:(HG4! 541,1T (4871#.

e

3*G4#82; ! nN N %

# N, - H %

(34#-! 541|!]{8V(YG4' #>1!"K$&] (0)!#+82;+-j73nV#!41dDE(4 5.9(4D76! 5 5!41g(4 +-! 5-3-P_e`(*+-! B^+ #)#+M34 7n)(*7 5>)#+A4BDa(*11(H$K\>5n#4{-(O+rLr34 57z=4(0!#+^$=6^m7 !>1, KDE#>- \!!P 6 5!"N$Z?463*FDa#> U!r(4DT#45A)(*118V(4 5-3N ~;{(__>O>- ! -(0+-F4+'#') #!$ 7~!m5 *~ -(0+-#&q)(4 #b(*7+U(F>7O>-=!`(4Dv)(*.F./(*DE#>- #`(4D746 5(4DBy--3-(0+-#E#6! 874](4 ^2! 5./#+7 11d-'-(0+-]!L!1(*#+>+-! ,@! 5#)6(*wPcKT!=(4Ds(O+-#KT-#7 (434 #G4#16;[)(*7-#)#+_>7-3/+6 5#)#+#+-34#DE (*.#45m@! ./#+`-(0+-Z(%411O-`-(0+-#vt)(4 #V(*+B( Bm5 *~KY-)!#E(4D=-:-(O+ \DE#>- !?$K! m ; ?+-j7-#+A4/4C.F./#+,[>b! !r(4DK 6D ; 4+^-! \+(2#d-(4Ky-d4@;(4! d-(0+-% ; ; 5>5^K ; ; J ; P34#-! 41Q">^4L+ #)#+34 57^)(*>1+: #>716q(*./\-(O+#E4PR3-P6" = #G0-3.B>16716`7 #2Z4Z 63*> P P "0PR4P6"@-! d =>7+6 #)#+m);O!16#ZFq34 57wP=(H$&!G4! #"ZDa(4 /6>76(*\$K-! [-:Da#> [!/!4n8V: 54-34#+C4?z !:$K6-(*>);0!16#T4q, 63*> P P E8 "--%DE#>- %!i)(4 5#V(*+-3\(/-%874%-(0+-# !48Vq)(*5+-! #+?(f8V )) 54am@) 4+/q./(O+#1-@!34 6(*F 5(48716#. PP 4+7.F6`?!16(*#+[Da(4 .(*1>-6(*wP B j76(* 5(HG0+-#`?./(4 SDa(4 .F41V5 54)! |#6(*(4D-7o! 5 557!414(4 5+-! -3q 5(4b! 5~;4PsK(4&o$&`#G4`-(4.m4+-Z42;f+-!V#+#)45>./(*T:T!-3-Pb lr p!4 8Vf-\!q(4Dg-(0+-#T#4_)(4 5#V(*+-3?([FV#!|#+:DE#>- !X4+F16!y?T8VT-=.F.m41O!g(4Dw-(O+#tX,`#gq (4V! +-! B2! 5#)6(*wP

e |

e`(*+-! dU+76 #)#+_34 57 g $=-! r\#+-34?! )(*K(4Dg#+34#=DE (*.!G4! 5; 0 (/411(4-! q(O+-#Z`)(4 #V(*+U(B,.F./#+d>-V! 5!Z(4Dp-DE#>- ?!= "VQPR4P6"V-!;L)(*24z-BDa#>- 5B! "V87>-=-(U(4! d7 (4V! =>-V! 5!(4Dy "oQPR4P6" } 5 ; 0 ; 0 4+r ; ; 0?/!PR!PV C P(K-#w"?C 2+X2h9 C X Dpu`B !%$K6:-(/);0!16#q4+?,@! 5#)6(*{(4Dg-?DE#>- F!S(4D&4@;_746 S(4DX.F.F#+?51,+- # E(j~-(O+# (4D ` 6#1D P 63*>- #3 4+E8 5-(H$y-4./71#`(4Dv)#7 56(*T=!4L4+L!4(4q8V 5 54-34#+M,'^! 5 557!41tD46(*wPCq-m54+-#+'-(0+-#\ m-m874U(O+-#r4+'- 5#K f2! 5./#+7%(*-#!P(^4++- #5=/34#-! 541t !U)(*3*>- 5(*w"w$Z/(48N! G4/iK-!(4 #. #0j8N16#K>q(U)(*.\87-f\571+L-(0+-f+, 5687>6(*&(m(484,L-f(47.F41o+7 568N>-6(*(YG4! t-`>6(*r(4D-&Da#>- 5&!s(4DN411*-`571+- #pPK#7)4"*-&(4.F4123*16(48741O+ kj8N>-6(*B(HG4! X41,12TDa#>- 5`!gB-` !q!4?8V`(484-#+B8O;\)(*./7>-3S-`(4.F41(*1>-6(*?t#45m>-8-j !T?S8V(4(*.?j~>-?D46(*?>5-3d !V##+/@G4(0!6(*s(4D!q-!(j 5#. PXcd1634(4 567. %(H$KZf #!>- 6G4K-#./=Da(4 Z(4843r4m441;2K!16(*#+FDE(4 5.DE(4 S-?(4.F413*16(48741s+, 5687>6(*$K-#_-/16(0!41vDa#>- 5B!%!4{8VB(4 3*4|!#+{76! 5 5!4116;%4s+-#) 68V#+r8V(HG44P)q&.F4,\+#Kv(%)(*./7>-&-` (47 5`-(O+$?*2 4+{-m(4.F41t-(0+-F+, 5687>6(* DE(4 f#45A-(0+-0874#+](*'-$?*2=47+-r+, 5687>6(*&(4Dt6K1+- 5#4+i4!!z !V#-3F,T (0)#T1,1V$Z

e

r2lv- #HGI4,18716/(L#4'(4D`-#m34 (*>-7% U+EW(*2dDE (*.h7f(4DZF #!PK-/)(*./716!DE#>- B!qK)"bL7q!44"w!4_8br$q 56#L4=-B>6(*(4Dg+7EW(*@q!K(4DsDE#>- #!"PR4P6"@K EF F $=-! q F 8 F SHG IE eHG m IE JG KG P >- 5-! #"O-KDE#>- !f(4DZ#4MN ~;{%+-#2!41s(L(*F(4DZm+EW(*2d!r{-F>76(*w"pQPR4P6"Da(4 r#45 F Da(4 \(*./ Gb LGNM OPFp!PO F 8V/-F!F F wHG IE PQq-#p"F8b(YG4U)(*73*>- 56(*])(4 5#V(*+S(^:- P P "q$K6J-L (O(4U(O+-z)(4 #V(*+7-3{(n_O>11T![4+J^16!G4#1kjZ(O+-#=)(4 #V(*+7-3?(L! F EF 4+^-\16#Dt-(0+-#q)(4 5 #V(*+3/(m-r1(O!41oDa#Ij> L!:! P >- -! H"X#4516!G4#1kjZ-(0+-L4(O!#+y$K6CDE#>- L!? F 4 ,+-#@,!41 Da#>- 5S!d! - 5S!TDE;m-+#6 #+]! 5 557!41t(4 5+-! -3: (4V!

= !S2!34 56(*[ (0)#+>- 54PmN !>1 H"@DE(4 Z#416!G4#1kjZd-(O+=)(4 #b(*7+-3%( F iHG E "--%(47.F41w2!34 5#+L+, 5687>6(*FDE(4 T-f>-8j !%!48VS)(*.F7>-#+>j,-3K-!(4 #. E$K6B F 4s-q./#4/+ 5687>-(* S RUT ER "S RUT $HG 07)Z-1!G4#1kjZT-(0+-#s4110)(4 #V(*+B(f+W(*2vDa#>- 5`!!"@%.m1 771!6(*B(4Dq-!(4 #. E$K6: q-% (O(4K-(0+-% #>716T:-f(47.F41w2!34 5#+^.F(O+-#1"

Nl - F!S)(*+3*>- 56(*7d 5?b#!,41!4#fDa(4 M r4+ M VM #V#)6G4#1;4P

Fnpp

F1p

WPWPWPWWPWPWPWXPXPXPXXPXPXPXF1 YPYPYPYYPYPYPYZPZPZPZZPZPZPZ [P[P[P[P[[P[P[P[P[\P\P\P\P\\P\P\P\P\ ]P]P]P]P]]P]P]P]P]^P^P^P^^P^P^P^

ff

F F Fi1 i2 n

Disjoint Feature Sets

IdenticalFeature Sets

(in each subtree)S 1 S np 63*>- 5 P 8=! 5 557!41w(4 5+-! -3/)(4 #V(*+7-3B(U+W(*2& !V##+LDE#>- r!#P

d-3 q-!(4 5#. E8 "-% 5!f@!34 6(* (0)#+>- 5S,[cd1634(4 5. B!4L41(8Vq 5#4+16;?y0#+-#+U(\!4#&$K-! 5K-=Da#>- 5#Z!4U8VK7 6(*-#+F2(\,+-!V#+-#25>-87!S>zS-? #>16,-3U./(0+-#1v2!34 56(*{ (48N16#.FdDE;L-?6! 5 5!41(4 +-! 5-3?+-#) 68V#+U# 16! #Pq-S8745S+-#?`T7 566(*3\-%!T(4Ds411VDE#>- #41,(U7+>)#qm7 66(*7-3/(*_-rDE#>- ?!K(4Dt#4{)(*118V(4 5-3m7 ~;4P (4 S#45(4Do-#S7 6(*!"2Dw-d)(4 5 #V(*+3r16(0!417DE#>- %!`!4:8V= 4-34#+:UB6! j 5!41ND46(*4` B j76(* "0-#U-d(HG4! 541,1b.F(O+-#1N2!34 56(*[ (4871#.4!1(*#+{Da(4 .h(*1>-6(*p"b$=5{ZW>S-? 5(O+>7)=(4D&-/(4.m41v+7 568N>-6(*K(HG4! e

:,+-!V#+-#2\>87!!Pn]L11> 5U7B$K6C]./N164"s87>-?$K+-#1;'71!8N16)(*+3*>- 56(*pP7 2_ L^ h) 7 N@-1#+8V(YG4B4+z+-#)(*./V(*\-r(4 63*41p,@!34 5(*^ 5(48716#.,@([>-8-j 5(48716#.F`874#+^(*,+-!V#+-#2m![(4DfDE#>- #!P@^(4 ]V#!|7!4116;4"`-{)(*./71!zDE#>- {!:!48V$K 56#M4rK EF F $K! / F 4+] F U+,EW(*,@f4+n+-!V#+#@%DE(4 \411HG E eHG y E JG ,G P >- -! H"vUDE#>- :!B(4DT#45C7 (*y(4Dr(*.F_(4Df#]+-!V#+-#2F!!Po!O F F h -8-j (48N16#.(*16;F,@G4(*16G4#&2!34 5-3B-(*./(434#-!(*>7&1(O!41b./(0+-#1T ER# 0`O F 7) 8 F F DE(4 0`O F 4+ (4-! 5$K4PAK#7)4"@-T(4,.F410+ 587>-6(*r(HG4! g F 3*G4#U8O; S RUT ER "S R T 4+[>-33q-!(4 #. E8 "0-d(HG4! 541,1N(47.F41b@!34 #+[.F(O+-#1,`(484-#+L4

bl EF Q R

ER# F Q R

fba c JdUe! ff X^+"gw! Jf"L7K#)(*w"N$&r 4DE(4 5.-B./(0+-#1o2!34 56(*_ (48N16#.}DE(4 dU+) !B+-(*.F4p"4PR3-P6"N!!34(4 5!41o+70"72(??7 (IW#)(*: (48716#.874#+(*fwj~+76G4! 34#)4P(K-#w"O$Z

e

+! 56G4S (4V! 6#&(4Dv`DE(4 5.B>16(*:4++-#5) 568V=!lU!6#@=6! 56G4f41634(4 6.F& 5f3*> 542!#+L(m)(*2G4! 34B(F-%3*16(48N4116;m(47.F41p(*1,>-6(*wPhg) ikjlycnm+-o(- 5Z!v$K6\)(4 #V(*+,-3TDa#> ZG4#)(4 6`4+B16!a +-#(4Z-!v(4DN4112+7)GI41,>-#oi4#?8O;rZDE#>- `G4#)(4 6*P(S(*16G4`-&.F(O+-#1O2!34 56(*7 (48716#. PP DE(4 T3N6S+) !%+-(*.m4w"O$Z%.F:#45^+) !%+, 5687>6(* N 0a "2-&!v(4DN4112+7 568N>-6(*w(YG4! s"*(%=>72>XV(*2\-& (48787,16~;%,./716y(4DZ+./#56(*`r a Pq-r8N4B+-#m,K(:#O>./! 5/411-B#16#./#2%a 47+M !7 ##2r#45.F(O+-#1`n$K6n_-(*-j~-!3*6G4[G4#)(4 0tsuv)(*,-3L(4Dq-7 (487871,66#v4(0!#+/$K6?#T#16#./#2!P(^(4 T #!#16;4"@6DN-T#16#./#2X a 5L(4 5+-! #+J>5Jwa wyx ux "&-#J-^.FN-3{Da 5(*. -L 5(487871,.F(O+-#1o^( `3*6G4#^82; F nN wyx z u P-P" =#)4" ux N wyx Pd-3n-z8V(YG4] ! ##26(*w"K!G4! ;J)(*./71!{+7 568N>-6(* N! 0aK .m7m(CA>O>-G4#)(4 J-{r@j~.F716yC$K-! |r@ iaK P >- 5-! #"q-.m 3*41t+-#766#S+7>)#+z(*]4@;]>-8N!S(4DZDE#>- #S !4]8V/-(Y$K](8VF1# 7 (IW#)(*%(4D`-F(4 53*41t)(*./71!m+-#~;z(*' (47 5F>-8N74)#!Pmo! ! 8Vq.F 3*410+-#76~;B+>7)#+\8O;B-q)(*./716!q+#6- q!s K)Po! %q8V`-qDE#>- TG4#)(4 `)(4 #b(*7+-3d(f-K)(*.F716#./#2tDa#> K! % '7PK-#w" ! w ,}OXV , N! w % %w "@(4 gB(4-! g$&(4 5+!" # v(484-#+?8O;N 66(*,-3%-S!aK 2( a 34 (*>-N!"@(*-dDE(4 Z#4UG41>-=(4D)*"04+[>.F.F,-3>r-& (4878N166#w45(O!,#+\$=6f#4\34 5(*>-pPq-X.F 53*41@+#6.F ,p!1>7+-#+

$=6:F,-3*16%#16#./#2q(4D)a E !7 ##2#+L8O;[f (H$= "7#4_)(*1>7.F $K,117#G4ry-4)16;:(*-% (Y$ #2 ;:2>741V(%4+f #TO>41w( Pp!yN0s u v $K6r ia g )(4 #V(*+n({-16(0!41&.F(O+-#1 N# B-!$ ! 5##@(*wPK-#w"b-O>41~;L)(*S_-Brwj~+6G4! 534#)B.m.F#6(*7 (48716#. PP !48V% !$q 5#L4

`` N! o N# 6 6o y 6 K P-P 7 e&(*,+-! U{.F(O+-#1d2!34 56(*y-4./716](H$K 63*>- P $K-! I I "s I 4+]K I [ P^o!B>45>./g7o-ZDa#>- 5# U i4Z~$&(=G41>-#o#45B(K aK Pq-#p"I42;)(*.F716!r./(0+-#1o (HG4! d-fDE#>- # [ !4L8Vf.FV#+:(mF>7O>- 0svd"$=-!

N J b J N J N J b J N J N J b J =-.F1 16;4"w-U1(O!41g.F(O+-#1,\ F!4M8VF.F7b#+M(^G4#)(4 5P 47+/ )jb#)G4#16;U$=-!

N J b J jjjob J e` N N jjjN e` K N b jjjb ` K- (IW#)6(*.F 5|ADE(4 F(4847-3z-^.F 3*,41`+-#6

3*G4#82;

-.F1 16;4"@$&r!4L(4874-f.F )# 4+ Pd-3[-/1-# 6~; 5(4b! 5~;L(4D&fwj~+G4! 34#)4"w-/)(*SD>)6(*{ P-P !4:8VS./N1|#+U4+[$q 56#:4`-%fpj~+6G4! 34#)S8V!~$&!#/3*16=+,) !%+ kj8N>-6(*]4+ $K-! ]47+ 5r>O>-#16;U+-!! 5.F#+:82;[-fDE(*116(Y$K-3B #>1!P

n: o!( 0!s u v !zEO4 N^6# jjjo y M 5#?)E04 y0s u vh4N 6 6 Q g o! jjj rN b~@4 BF4 r)E04 B r r2 F4 L 0! r ia r2 aK bLE0\0h?@)O? L@)?/* -4 N u g 6wO)E0!5v6# 6 \N b~@4 42E%)LEO* F 0!- p y 6 6

-) @ jjj y jjj c 5(2(4Dw(4Dpd8V(HG4S16#.F.m\X (YGO+#+m[cK7b#7+ B POPPc=,-3r-S8V(HG4 5#>16!"Z-^fpj~+6G4! 34#)L.m.F#6(*CC-L./(0+-#1q2!34 56(*y (48716#. !4J8V 5##+^4 .FOI 6 P-P! $=-! 70su v 4+q 0s u J u v :+-!! 5.F#+M8O; q-!(4 5#. e2PqU8V(HG4:(4kj.m|#6(*: (48N16#. `2>76GI41#@T(/(484,-3//fpj~+6G4! 34#)%7 (IW#)(*:(4DB(*-

,@! 5#)6(*(4Ds4Llm-fN4)r+-!! 5.F,-#+:82;[-f.F 4+-r ./N16yb"-4+!48VL #4+716;(*16G4#+>3'-)OV#)6(* _20.m|#6(* ^2-.B>. 6i4#1(2(0+_ 41634(4 56.L"-$K:$Zr+7!>`^./(4 f+-!41o^O#)6(* POPq-SDE(*116(Y$K-3B #>1&(H$K` P-P! !4:8bSD>- -! ` 547Da(4 ./#+:@(/4O>6G416#2gfwj7 (IW#)(*/ (4871#.@G4(*1GO3S5.F4116! g.F )#g$K#/(*./q(4DV-q 5(H$K, 5f!41 =.B>16716#&(4D#4^(4! #P nuo! 0Ks u J u v 0su v b1 0s u v -!CE04 4N e u ! r ; ; _E0_0 )zU4Y7zL )yEO4?EE-m) ) _4Y4)k4L?Ok N6)^^*!4E-) o! e u @)b4~E-F4Y N@ :E0 N]/* 0ts u u v [-!MEO4 -) ; b3{4E0! t ! U 0!- K K 4N

6 6 A -) A N2

U Jb$%: ! u #" $&%*%:"(' :"*) MG ) MG & r ' :" "

* ,+ ".h..k*I. :. A Ih:k

D.*:...Jh h

rT N u + h"

..""% PK} nU

T N u " J.Dg KC9 v$ ;& 99;K C $K 1