Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.


ContentsSection 1—Introduction to Plumbing

Section 2—Plumbing Systems

Section 3—Plumbing System Design and Installation

Section 4—Plumbing Services

Section 5—Career Development and Plumbing History


Section 3Plumbing System

Design and Installation


Chapter 19

DWV Pipe and Fitting Installation


Objectives

Describe proper procedures for locating and installing DWV piping systems.Use the prescribed techniques for working with plastic, copper, galvanized iron, black iron, and cast-iron DWV materials.Compare and use the three methods of measuring pipe length between fittings.Describe or demonstrate methods for testing and inspecting completed DWV systems.


DWV Second Rough Stage

DWV, hot and cold water pipe, and fittings.

Bathtubs and shower bases.

Maintain 1/4 slope on horizontal runs.

Accurate placement so fixtures can be installed.


Measuring Pipe

Face-to-Face

Add fitting allowances.

(Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)


Measuring Pipe

Shoulder-to-Shoulder

Only DWV fittings have shoulders.

No adjustments to measurement.



Measuring Pipe

Center-to-Center

Adjustment for laying length.



Measuring Pipe

Combining Measuring TechniquesFace-to-Centerline

Add one fitting allowance.Subtract one laying length.

Face-to-ShoulderAdd one fitting allowance.

Shoulder-to-CenterlineSubtract one laying length.


Overview of DWV Installation

Example:

House with two bathrooms and a kitchen on the main floor, and a laundry area in the basement.

Two stacks through the roof.

Horizontal pipes from base of stacks join before the 4 pipe connects to the building sewer.

Floor drain connected to kitchen/laundry branch.



Installation Schematic Drawing

Main Floor

Basement




Horizontal Runs Below ConcreteInstalling horizontal runs below a concrete floor:

String line from base of bathroom stack to building drain.String line from laundry/kitchen stack to join 4 pipe at 45 angle.String line from kitchen/laundry branch to floor drain.Dig shallow trenches along string lines.• Slope 1/4 per foot of run.



Installing a Stack

Kitchen/Laundry StackStandpipe shown above concrete floor.

P-traps installed with fixtures.

Capped stub-outs for P-traps.

Stack must offset above the foundation wall and enter wall cavity on the main floor.



Installing a Stack (continued)

Kitchen/Laundry Stack




Installing a Stack (continued)Lower Portion of Kitchen/Laundry Stack

Mark top of the concrete floor on the foundation wall.





MeasurementsMeasure distances A and B.

A = 4 5/8

B = 3 5/8(Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)



Installing a Stack (continued)Measurements

Calculate slope for 2 6 horizontal pipe (1/4 per ft 2 1/2 = 5/8).Concrete floor will be 4 thick.




Installing a Stack (continued)Measurements

Calculate height of the centerline of the inlet to P-trap above concrete footing (4 + 4 5/8 = 8 5/8).Calculate the centerline height for the sanitary tee inlet (8 5/8 5/8 = 8).Repeat this process to locate the sanitary tee to the laundry tray.



Installing a Stack (continued)Stack and Kitchen Sink Drain

Offset at top of foundation wall (side view).

Height of sanitary tee depends on location of 90 ell in sink drain.• Horizontal pipe runs below joist.• Fall (slope) 1/4 per foot of run.

Click here to view illustration.




Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.





Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.• Measure distances “X” and “Y.”• Subtract to Obtain “Z.”• Calculate theoretical length (1.41 Z).• Subtract laying length of 90 and 45 ells to

get actual length.• Cut pipe and test assembly.






Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.• Position 90 ell so horizontal pipe can be installed

below floor joist.• Measure distances A and B.• Calculate fall (B 1/4 per ft).• Add “A” and “Fall” to get distance sanitary tee must

be below the floor joist.



Installing a Stack (continued)Kitchen Sink Drain

Making an offset in the sink drain.• Hold the sanitary tee to correct distance below the

floor joist and mark the vertical 2 pipe.• Add fitting allowance and cut the pipe.• Put the sanitary tee in position and measure the

distance between its inlet and the 90 ell.• Add fitting allowances, measure, and cut the

horizontal pipe.Click here to view illustration.



Installing a Stack (continued)Kitchen Sink Drain

Making an offset in the sink drain.• Repeat the process to make the offset

in the stack.• Complete the rough-in of the sink

drain and the stack. • Check local code to determine if a

vent increaser is required.





Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.• Install flashing.




Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping

Maintain fall for entire length of pipe.Too little fallwaste will not flow.

Too much fallsolids left behind.

Excavate extra deep and use sand or small gravel fill to provide solid base for pipe.



Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued)

Determine how much the level’s “bubble” must be off-center to check the slope.





Lay a length of pipe in the partially dug trench and check slope with level.

Continue digging and checking until the desired slope is achieved.




Alignment of Pipes That Join the WyeUsing an elbow may be necessary.Trial assembly. Check slope and correct as necessary.Assemble pipe and fittings.Fill under pipe with sand or small gravel.Do not cover pipe until passing inspection.




Joints in Drain/Waste Piping




Installing a Bathroom Stack

Similar to kitchen and laundry stack.

Review schematic.




Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Putting Bathtubs in Position

Plastic and enameled steel tubs fastened with screws.

Cast-iron tubs do not require fasteners.

Consider installing drain components before putting tub in final position.

One-piece molded plastic units must be installed before bathroom wall framing is completed.



Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Bathtub Installation




Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)

Installing Shower Bases

Essentially the same as bathtubs.

Drain body installation.




Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Installing Shower Bases

Place closet flanges in position.• Blocking equal in

thickness to finish floor materials.

• Check distance from back wall to center of closet flange.




Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Double Sanitary Tee Installation

Installing double sanitary tee w/side inlets that serves the water closets.• Height must provide fall for

bathtub drains.• Layout on subfloor.





Double Sanitary Tee InstallationLocating side inlet of double sanitary tee.




Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Connecting the Closet Flange to the Stack





Installing 2 1/2ʺ 2ʺ 1 1/4ʺ 1 1/4ʺ double sanitary wye.

Vertical drain to lavatories controls location.

Work back from lavatory stub-outs.




90 Ell and Double Sanitary WyeLocate 2 90 ell.

Locate 2 1/2ʺ 2ʺ 1 1/2ʺ 1 1/2ʺ double wye.



Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Installing 90 Ell and Double Sanitary Wye



ReviewList the steps in installing horizontal drain/waste

piping below a concrete floor.

1. Locate base of stacks and building sewer exit.

3. Dig shallow trenches with proper slope (1/4 per foot of run).

2. Stretch string lines to locate trenches.

6. Assemble pipe and fittings and place fill under pipe.5. Trial assembly and check slope.4. Measure and cut pipe.

7. Backfill after DWV system passes inspection.


ReviewList the steps in installing a bathroom stack.

1. Install bathtub or shower base.

2. Temporarily put closet flange in place.

3. Locate base of stack and extend vertical pipe through opening in the floor.

4. Calculate the slope to bathtub/shower and locate height of the side inlet to the sanitary tee.


Review (continued)

5. Position the sanitary tee and cut vertical pipe to length.

6. Trial assemble the pipe and sanitary tee.

7. Measure and cut the pipe to bathtub/shower drain.

8. Install lavatory drain maintaining the correct slope.

9. Install waste pipe and fittings to toilet maintaining correct slope.


ReviewIdentify the adjustment(s) necessary for pipe

measurements made using each of the following techniques:

Center-to-center:

Face-to-face:

Center-to-face:

Shoulder-to-center:

Subtract laying length of two fittings.

Add fitting allowance for two fittings.

Subtract one laying length and add one fitting allowance.

Subtract one laying length.


Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings

Fitting allowances for plastic fittings:




Laying Lengths for Plastic Fittings




Cutting Plastic PipePlastic pipe cutter

Fine toothed saw

Miter box

Removing burrsReamer

Abrasive paper

(Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)



Joining Plastic Pipe

Wipe away mud or dirt.

Apply solvent cleaner.

Select correct solvent cement.




Joining Plastic Pipe (continued)Apply a light coat of cement to the fitting socket.

Apply a heavy coat to the pipe end.

Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting and give a 1/4 turn to distribute cement.




Supporting Plastic Pipe

Horizontal runs should be supported every 3-4.Set stack bases in concrete.

Attach vertical pipe to frame to maintain alignment.


Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings

Fitting allowances for copper fittings:



Laying Lengths for Copper Fittings



Cutting Copper Pipe and Tubing

Tubing Cutter

Ream to remove burr.




Joining Copper Pipe and FittingsSoldering

Clean pipe end and inside the fitting.

Apply flux to cleaned portion of pipe and fitting.




Joining Copper Pipe and Fittings (continued)Assemble joint.Heat until lead free solder can be melted by touching pipe.Excess heating will burn away flux.Protect wood, plastic, and other material that might burn or be damaged.



Supporting Copper PipeSet base of stack in concrete.

Horizontal runs should be supported every 4-6.Secure vertical runs to maintain alignment.


Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe

Fitting allowances:



Cutting and Threading Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe

Pipe Cutter

Pipe Reamer

(The Ridge Tool Co.)



Cutting and Threading Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe (continued)

Pipe Die and Die Stock





Portable Threader





Bench-Mounted Threading Machine




Assembling and Supporting Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe

Apply pipe joint sealer or Teflon tape.

Turn fitting with pipe wrench.

Install metal hangers every 6-8.



Installing Cast-Iron Pipe

Fitting allowances:



Cutting Cast-Iron Pipe

Compound Lever Pipe Cutter

Hydraulic Pipe Cutter

(The Ridge Tool Co., Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)



Joining Pipe

Gasket and ClampUsed for no-hub cast iron.



Joining Pipe (continued)

Compression GasketBell and spigot cast-iron pipe.

(E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., The Ridge Tool Co.)




Lead and OakumPacking oakum.

Compacting lead.





Lead and OakumPour joints in horizontal pipe using a joint runner.




Supporting Cast-Iron Pipe

Set stack base in concrete.

Horizontal runs at each joint.

Vertical runs:Vertical pipe brackets or straps.

Riser clamps at each floor level.


Review

Identify each of the following tools:

A. B. Plastic pipe cutter Copper tube cutter

(Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)


Review


C. D.

Pipe cutter Pipe reamer



Review


E. F. Die and die stock Threading machine



ReviewList the steps in joining plastic pipe and fittings.

1. Clean the end of the pipe and inside of the fitting with a rag.

2. Apply solvent cleaner to the end of the pipe and inside the fitting.

3. Apply a light coat of the correct solvent cement to the inside of the fitting.

4. Apply a heavy coat of the correct solvent cement to the outside of the pipe.

5. Immediately push the pipe completely into the fitting and give the assembly a 1/4 turn.


ReviewList the steps in the process of soldering

copper pipe and fittings.

1. Clean the inside of the fitting and the outside of the end of the pipe.

2. Apply flux to the cleaned surfaces.

3. Assemble the pipe and fitting.

4. Heat the pipe until lead-free solder melts when touched to the joint.

5. Wipe away excess solder and flux with a damp rag.


ReviewWhat is the recommended spacing of supports

for horizontal runs of each of the following types of pipe?

Cast iron:

PVC and ABS:

Galvanized iron:

Copper:

At each joint.

3 to 46 to 8

4 to 6


Review

What steps must be completed before the DWV system can be tested?

Cap stub-outs and stacks.

Plug closet flanges and any other openings.

Check all joints.

Install supports.


End of Chapter 19

Documents

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website