Copyright Limitations Contracted Out

8/14/2019 Copyright Limitations Contracted Out

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IP SeminarDecember 19 2008

Copyright Limitations Contracted Out:Freedom of Contract vs. Co ri ht Polic

ca em c v sor: asa um

Presenter: KORK Boren


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Research Question:

What should be rioritized when

Freedom of Contract and Copyright


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S ecific Research Questions:

1. w y vCopyright Policy?

2. What happens when Copyright Limitationsare contracted away?

3. What should be the legal characteristic of

Copyright Limitations in the eyes ofContract Law?


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Pur ose and Methodolo :

z u : u vCopyright Limitations are vital to Copyright

y y uoverridden by the Freedom of Contract

z Methodology: Deductive and Inductive

Research based upon Comparative Studieson Laws and Policies o the U , EuropeanUnion and Japan


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Co ri ht as a Public Polic :

z ma e oa o opyr g aw:

Development of Culture

z Means to attain the Goal:

z

Policy: Delicate Balance of Interests


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Structure of Co ri ht Law:

z xc us ve g s

Economic Rights (Reproduction Right,

Adaptation Right, Right to communicateworks to the Public)

Moral Rights (Right of Disclosure, Right of

Paternit Ri ht of Inte rit


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Structure of Co ri ht Law:

z opyr g m a ons:

Inherent Limitations (fixed term of protection,

requirement of originality, idea/expressiondichotomy, first sale doctrine)

Exceptions to Exclusive Rights (reproduction

for private use, reproduction in libraries,repro uc on or e uca ona purpose,quotation, reverse engineering, etc)


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Facts:

z opyr g e ng expan e :

Article 20 of Berne Convention

Relaxation of conditions for protection(protection of information)

Creation of new rights (suis generis right on

data base) Contraction of Free-Use Space (by contracts)


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Facts:

z on rac as means o pu copyr g e

works into use

Copyright transaction

Contracts of standard form (shrink-wrap,- , -


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Facts:

z rapp ng n orma on n a con rac

Copyrighted and un-copyrighted elements

wrapped together in one contract Restrictive terms limitin / rohibitin acts

that would be otherwise permitted by

co ri ht law


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Facts:

z y w :

Technological protection measures and

the legal protection thereof Validity upheld by Courts:

* ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, 86 F.3d 1447, 1449

7th Cir. 1996 .* Netwise v. NTS Computer, RechtbankRotterdam, 5 December 2002.


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Problems:

z y x v y x

z Balance failed

z Users rights violatedz Public Domain shrunk

z Goal not attained

z


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Theories:

z ree om o on rac :

Freedom to conclude or not conclude a

contract Freedom to choose the art to contract

Freedom to determine the content of

Freedom to choose a form of contract


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Theories

z enera m s o e ree om o

Contract:

Protection of fundamental rights

Principle of good faith


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Ar uments:

z ruc ure o copyr g aw rev se y

contracts

z Public ordering overridden by private

z

Public policy spoiled by individualinterests


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Ar uments:

the public (right to reproduce works for

-, ,

rights)

of democracy, freedom of expression, right to

et information, ri ht to educationz Detrimental effects of making fair-use rights

alienable


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Conclusion:

interests

Public Policy

z Mandatory Rules that cannot be overridden by

contracts.z Example of Belgium Copyright Law Article 23bis.


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Consulted Documents:

z Jacques de Werra, Moving Beyond the Conflict Between Freedom of Contract andCopyright Policies: In Search of a New Global Policy for On-Line Information LicensingTransactions: A Comparative Analysis Between U.S. Law and European Law, 25 Colum.J.L. & Arts 239 (Winter 2003).

z Lucie M.C.R. Guibault, Copyright Limitations and Contracts, An Analysis of the ContractualOverridabilit of Limitations on Co ri ht Kluwer Law International 2002 .

z Lucie Guibault, Wrapping Information in Contract: How does it affect the Public Domain?, inLucie Guibault and P. Bernt Hugenholtz (eds.), The Future of the Public Domain, KluwerLaw International (2006) .

z Mark A. Lemley, Intellectual Property and Shrinkwrap Licenses, 68 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1239.

z Maureen A. O Rourke, Drawing the Boundary between Copyright and Contract: CopyrightPreemption of Software Licenses Terms, 45 Duke L.J. 479 (December 1995).

z Niva Elkin-Koren, a Public Regarding Approach to Contracting over Copyrights, inEx andin the Boundaries of Intellectual Pro ert Oxford Universit Press 2001 .

z Niva Elkin-Koren, Copyrights in Cyberspace Rights Without Law? 73 Chi.-Kent. L. Rev.1155 (1998).

z Pamela Samuelson, Challenges in Mapping the Public Domain, in Lucie Guilbault, theFuture of the Public Domain, Kluwer Law International (2006).

z Thomas Finkelstein and Douglas C. Wyatt, Shrinkwrap Licenses: Consequences ofBreaking a Seal, 71 St. John's L. Rev. 839 (Fall 1997).