Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CHAPTER 6 Gene Expression: Translation Peter J. Russell

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

CHAPTER 6Gene Expression:

Translation

Peter J. Russell

Translation and the genetic code

Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Fig. 6.17 Diagram of a polysome, a number of ribosomes each translating the same

mRNA sequentially



Fig. 6.3 Mechanism for peptide bond formation between the carboxyl group of one

amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid


Fig. 6.4 Four levels of protein structure


Fig. 6.6 Reversion of a deletion frameshift mutation by a nearby addition mutation


Fig. 6.7 Hypothetical example showing how three nearby + (addition) mutations

restore the reading frame, giving normal or near-normal function


Fig. 6.8 The genetic code


Fig. 6.9 Example of base-pairing wobble


Fig. 6.11 Molecular details of the attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule


Fig. 6.10 Charging of a tRNA molecule by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to produce an

aminoacyl-tRNA (charged tRNA)


Fig. 6.12 Initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes


Fig. 6.14 Sequences involved in the binding of ribosomes to the mRNA in the

initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes



Fig. 6.16 The formation of a peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a

polypeptide chain is catalyzed on the ribosome by peptidyl transferase



Fig. 6.15 Elongation stage of translation in prokaryotes


Fig. 6.18 Termination of translation



Fig. 6.19 Movement of secretory proteins through the cell membrane system



Fig. 6.20 Model for the translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum in

eukaryotes


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Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CHAPTER 6 Gene Expression: Translation Peter J. Russell