Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998 2-1 Chapter 2

Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998

2-1

Chapter Chapter 22

Chapter Chapter 22


2-2

The insides of a tower cabinet PCThe insides of a tower cabinet PC


2-3

Data StorageData StorageAnalog versusAnalog versus DigitalDigital


2-4

Analog to Digital CodingAnalog to Digital Coding


2-5

Data StorageData Storage

AnalogAnalogtoto

DigitalDigitalConversionConversion

CompactDisc

AnalogSignal


2-6

Data StorageData StorageBitsBits

Binary DigitsOn-bits & Off-bits

BitsBitsBinary DigitsOn-bits & Off-bits


2-7

Bits on the surface of a magnetic Bits on the surface of a magnetic diskdisk


2-8

Data in a ComputerData in a ComputerPrimary Storage - RAM (Temporary)

Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent)

Data in a ComputerData in a ComputerPrimary Storage - RAM (Temporary)

Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent)

Data StorageData Storage


2-9

Encoding SystemsEncoding SystemsASCII & ANSIUnicode

ASCII & ANSIUnicode


2-10

ASCII character encodingASCII character encoding


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2-12

Non-English characters representedNon-English characters representedusing 16-bit Unicodeusing 16-bit Unicode


2-13

The Computer The Computer SystemSystem

Central Processing Unit(CPU)

Central Processing Unit(CPU)


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2-15


2-16

Parallel ProcessingParallel Processingeach auxiliary processor handles a piece of the each auxiliary processor handles a piece of the

problemproblem


2-17

The Computer The Computer SystemSystem

Random Access Storage (RAM)DRAM - Dynamic RAMSRAM - Static RAM

RAM TechnologyCMOSSIMMs

Random Access Storage (RAM)DRAM - Dynamic RAMSRAM - Static RAM

RAM TechnologyCMOSSIMMs


2-18

RAM chips (center) and auxiliary RAM chips (center) and auxiliary processorsprocessors


2-19

System System MemoryMemoryROM

PROMFlash MemoryCache Memory

ROMPROMFlash MemoryCache Memory


2-20

Flash memory common for laptopsFlash memory common for laptops


2-21

Non-volatile memory is preferred for Non-volatile memory is preferred for its durability in rugged settingsits durability in rugged settings


2-22

Processor Processor FunctionsFunctions

Read & Interpret Program Instructions

Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components

Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM

Read & Interpret Program Instructions

Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components

Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM


2-23

Arithmetic Logic UnitArithmetic Logic Unit

Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations

Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations

2+2=4

2+2<5


2-24

BusesBusesALALUU

FLASFLASHH

CPUCPU

RAMRAM ROMROMDevice Device

ControllersControllers


2-25

How the Processor How the Processor WorksWorks

Execute InstructionALU

Instruction Time

Execution Time

Pla

ce R

esu

lt in

Mem

ory

ALU

to R

AM

Decod

e In

stru

ctio

nC

on

trol U

nit

Fetch InstructionRAM to Control Unit


2-26

ProcessingProcessing

CISCRISCParallel Processing

MPP

CISCRISCParallel Processing

MPP


2-27

RISC-based IBM System/3000RISC-based IBM System/3000


2-28

Processor PartsProcessor PartsWord Size

16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses

SpeedMegahertz MHzMIPSFLOPS & GFLOPS

Word Size16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses

SpeedMegahertz MHzMIPSFLOPS & GFLOPS


2-29

Cray T90 supercomputerCray T90 supercomputer64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)


2-30


2-31

Processor PartsProcessor PartsRam Capacity

KilobytesMegabytesGigabytesTerabytes

The Microprocessor

Ram CapacityKilobytesMegabytesGigabytesTerabytes

The Microprocessor


2-32

Meaningful measurementsMeaningful measurements


2-33


2-34

The MotherboardThe MotherboardMicroprocessorElectronic CircuitryMemory ChipsBusExpansion Slots

MicroprocessorElectronic CircuitryMemory ChipsBusExpansion Slots


2-35

System BoardSystem Board


2-36

Processor TypesProcessor TypesMotorola

PowerPC Intel

Pentium & Pentium Pro

MotorolaPowerPC

IntelPentium & Pentium Pro


2-37

Advantage Intel:Momentum & Proven Track RecordAdvantage Intel:Momentum & Proven Track Record

Processor TypesProcessor TypesMotorola

PowerPC Intel

Pentium & Pentium Pro

MotorolaPowerPC

IntelPentium & Pentium Pro


2-38

IBM/Motorola PowerPC chipIBM/Motorola PowerPC chip(Macintosh microprocessor)(Macintosh microprocessor)


2-39

Intel Pentium MicroprocessorIntel Pentium Microprocessor(used on most PC’s)(used on most PC’s)


2-40

Removal of etched wafers: each contains Removal of etched wafers: each contains 100-400 IC’s, and each IC contains 100-400 IC’s, and each IC contains

millions of transistorsmillions of transistors


2-41

Connecting PeripheralsConnecting Peripherals

PortsSerialParallelDedicated KeyboardDedicated Mouse

PortsSerialParallelDedicated KeyboardDedicated Mouse


2-42

Serial and parallel data transmissionSerial and parallel data transmission


2-43

Expansion Expansion BoardsBoardsISA Buses

MCA & EISA BusesLocal Buses

PCI Local BusVL Bus

SCSI Bus

ISA BusesMCA & EISA BusesLocal Buses

PCI Local BusVL Bus

SCSI Bus


2-44

PC ExpansionPC ExpansionGraphics AdapterSoundFax ModemPeripheral Device Interface

Serial & Parallel Ports

Graphics AdapterSoundFax ModemPeripheral Device Interface

Serial & Parallel Ports


2-45

Cable modemsCable modems(very fast internet downloads)(very fast internet downloads)


2-46

Network InterfaceSCSI Interface CardVideo CapturePC Cards

PCMCIA Technology

Network InterfaceSCSI Interface CardVideo CapturePC Cards

PCMCIA Technology

PC ExpansionPC Expansion


2-47

External modem for laptopExternal modem for laptopusing PCMCIA expansion slotsusing PCMCIA expansion slots


2-48


2-49

Telling Computers What To DoTelling Computers What To Do

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Coming next:Coming next:

Documents

Copyright Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1998 2-1 Chapter 2