Core 1: What role does health promotion play in achieving ...2updhpewarillahigh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Core+1+Bo… · Web viewhealth promotion based on the five action areas

Q4: What actions are needed to address

Australia’s health priorities?Students learn about: Students learn to:

health promotion based on the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter levels of responsibility for health promotion the benefits of partnerships in health

promotion, eg government sector, non-government agencies and the local community

how health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter promotes social justice

the Ottawa Charter in action

argue the benefits of health promotion based on: individuals, communities and governments

working in partnership the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter

investigate the principles of social justice and the responsibilities of individuals, communities and governments under the action areas of the Ottawa Charter

critically analyse the importance of the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter through a study of TWO health promotion initiatives related to Australia’s health priorities

CORE 1: HEALTH PRIORITIES IN AUSTRALIA.

Key words

Health State of well being, absence of disease

Promotion Actions to encourage the maintenance and improvement of health.

Skill The capacity to perform a function

Modifying altering, changing, improving

Address correct, improve, ‘fix’, face up to

Strengthening Improve power, capacity, increase authority / influence, ‘muscle’.

Policies set guidelines that reflect the aims, goals of governing body

Empower enable, to encourage, to provide skills and support for specific decisions.

www.who.int Ottawa Charter www.publish.csiro.au/ www.nswcc.org.au/ www.health.nsw.gov.au/ www.hsc.csu.edu.au/ www.health.vic.gov.au/healthpromotion.

Core 1 : Q4 - What actions are needed to address Australia’s Health Priorities? 1

http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/

http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/

http://www.nswcc.org.au/

http://www.publish.csiro.au/

http://www.who.int/

Describe your current health status weight, habits, exercise, diet, injuries, illnesses

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Analyse your current health status what has lead to this current status and what does the

future hold? family practices, medical interventions, life expectancy, chronic illness???

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Suggest how issues concerning your health status may be addressed? i.e. fixed. Quitting

smoking, exercising more, eating better, immunisation. Screening, covering up in sun, going

for checkups.

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Why aren’t you doing this now????????? DiscussWhat do you need to make these changes?????

health promotion based on the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter

All Australians, not just those in the city, the able, the wealthy and the educated (is that are our students) deserve to the healthy. To achieve this health promotion needs to be a partnership between all those involved, to combine medicine and science with people’s practical skills and beliefs.

Explain Health Promotion

Health promotion is a series of strategies that influence a person’s decisions that impact upon their

health, to empower them to make the right choices. It aims to prevent illness, rather than ‘cure’ it after

it occurs. All levels of the community are responsible to ensure this empowerment is possible.

Health is not solely the responsibility of the individual. Discuss Discuss then answer as a HSC Q. Write up compulsory words....determinants, consequences, empower/empowerment you want included.There are many social determinants that impact upon an individual’s health decisions. While there are

some who knowingly make poor choices and choose to ignore the consequences there are many whose

decisions are the result of a complex series of influences, many of which they have no control over.

These people are unable to respond to traditional health promotion campaigns which target the

individual i.e. tell them it’s bad for them and they’ll stop! These people must be supported by all levels

of the community to empower them to make sound health choices.


GOVERNMENTS

NGO’sNon-Government

OrganisationINDIVIDUAL

COMMUNITY GROUPS

levels of responsibility for health promotion

Discuss what each level is responsible for and how responsibility overlaps and each level impacts on

the others

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the benefits of partnerships in health promotion, eg government sector, non-government agencies and the local community

Health promotion strategies are more likely to become effective if they are coordinated and integrated and involve all concerned (especially the individual whose behaviour is the target), to enable individuals to avoid adopting poor health behaviours or reduce / eliminate such behaviours.

This involves...o Identifying and targeting interests and needs of individuals and communities.

Alcohol abuse in ATSI communities, location of Wombat crossings near schools, sports fields.

o Enabling individuals and communities to make good health choices.

Provisions of shelters, food labelling, seat belt legislation, double demerits, ‘dry’ towns, smoke free

zones, Aboriginal health services, cycling paths,

o Participation (and feeling of control) in identifying problems and developing solutions.

Community focus/ consultative groups, community members on SESIAHS, Discuss how NT

intervention DID NOT incorporate this process.

o Developing capacity of individuals and communities to develop sustainable skills,

organisational structures, resources and commitment to health improvement.

Aboriginal health workers, Healthy Cities Illawarra, Quitline

o Sharing of information

ABS, taxation dept, Health Department, Councils, G.P.s with alternative therapists,

argue the benefits of health promotion based on: individuals, communities and governments working in partnership

Integration of all stakeholders avoids an ad hoc or fragmented approach – so that strategies target needs and are evidence based = INTERSECTORAL COLLABORATION......................................................................................................................................................................

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how health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter promotes social justice

investigate the principles of social justice and the responsibilities of individuals, communities and governments under the action areas of the Ottawa CharterNB Chris I have included more info about OC than in textbook as they did not cover it in Yr 11.Review Social Justice principles.

The

Ottawa Charter has

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5 action areas (guidelines) which if followed will promote health + social justice.

At the time the goal was Health for All by 2000.

Assess the success of this commitment made in 1986 for…

The world. While many western countries can boast an improvement in their health status many signatory countries have not seen marked improvement in their population’s health.

Australia. Compared with the rest of the world (and the western world) Australia has a very high health status in all 4 areas – life expectancy, mortality, morbidity and infant mortality. Unfortunately many Australians still suffer and die from diseases that are largely preventable.

Priority population groups. Not all Australians enjoy this high health status. Many groups suffer significantly from health inequities in all 4 areas of health status measurement. They would not ‘qualify’ for the notion that they are healthy.

You - How healthy were you in 2000? What degree can your health status be attributed to the guidelines?

While 2000 has come and gone the action areas (guidelines) of the charter have made a difference since in practically all areas there has been significant improvements in Australia’s health status. It’s a work in progress (the Jakarta Declaration and other conferences - Adelaide (1988), Sundsvall (1991), Jakarta (1997), Mexico (2000) and Bangkok (2005) have all been based on and reinforce the charter.)

personal behaviours + social, economic, political, physical environment→ Health outcomes

change personal behaviour + change environment → change health outcomes

Core 1 : Q4 - What actions are needed to address Australia’s Health Priorities?

“It’s a guideline, actually.”

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Action Area One

o developing personal skills

90% of all ill health can be attributed to unhealthy behaviour…smoking leads to …CVD, lung cancer, asthmainactivity leads to … CVD, diabetes, arthritis, risk taking leads to… skin cancer, injuries, suicide, injuries (overdose)poor diet leads to …(obesity) CVD, (cholesterol) CVD, (sugar) Diabetes

So…..Modify the behaviour and provide information about and support for the new desired behaviour and so change the health outcome.

“.....through information and education skills - enabling people to learn (throughout life) to prepare themselves for all of its stages and to cope with chronic illness and injuries is essential. This has to be facilitated in school, home, work and community settings.” Ottawa Charter

The skills needed by an individual to enable them to modify their behaviour are…

decision making : what day to day decisions are made that impact on health? Diet, activity, risks, drugs, driving etc. “Do you want a drink?”, “Want to stay a bit longer at the beach?”, “Come on, are you a wimp? Just do it.”

Communication : Who do they have to communicate with? What do they have to communicate about? “I feel awful, can you help me.”, “Doctor I need your advice on this lump.”, “Is this safe?”

Assertiveness : What rights does a person have about their health? “Slow down you’re driving too fast.”, “Please don’t smoke near me.”, “Mum, please don’t deep fry my meat.”

Time Management: What priorities do I have that I need to make time for? “If I want to go for a walk I will have to get up earlier.”,

Planning / Problem solving : “I want to lose 10 kilos so I will have to follow an appropriate eating and exercise plan.”, “My driver has some alcohol, how will I get home safely?’

To make the right decisions people need to know what is ‘right’ and have help choosing the right path. Access to information and support is not equitable amongst all Australians due to barriers – language, location, income, literacy, cultural issues.What problems would a new migrant family have of knowing about and accessing ‘Neighbour hood watch’, Quitline?, pap tests if only one male doctor in town?.....................................................................................................................................................................

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How can these barriers be overcome? Multilingual sources of info, specific targeting of certain groups, concentrating resources in areas of greatest need, using various mediums incl. TV, radio, cinema.

Strategies that develop personal skills will promote Social Justice if they............provide equal access to all Australians to health knowledge, to develop health literacy

Distance education, widespread media advertising campaigns, free on-line services

.......ensure diversity by providing relevant information to all people – age, gender, sexuality,

language, culture, location. SES.

Pamphlets in different languages, use of SBS for campaigns, use of graphics for low literacy.

.......encourage the use of those skills to provide others with a supportive environment.

Target parents to encourage children – hats, helmets, seat belts. Playgroup, sport registrations.


o creating supportive environments

Creating environments where people live, work and play that make health promoting choices easier will impact on their health outcomes.

It helps if people can identify personal support networks and community servicesPeople need emotional, social or financial support to modify their behaviours. These can come from personal support networks ……e.g. “helping teenagers become safer drivers”, “home safely contract

(NRMA)”, school counselling services, parents, teachers, medical professions.or from community groups……AA, Weight Watchers, Cancer Council, Heart Foundation, Lifeline, Canteen,

Also the sociocultural, physical, political and economic influences on health must be addressed.

Sociocultural influences : “bronzed Aussie”, “real men don’t cry.” Peer pressure, celebrations + alcohol, macho, TV, advertising, models, religion, mates in the car,

Physical influences : beach, country roads, available shade, timing of lunchtime,

Political influences : laws, legal drinking age, demerit points, BAC, learner driver log, smoke free areas, banning advertisements.

Economic influences : taxes on tobacco / alcoholic sodas, safety features on cars, speeding fines, cost of helmets, life insurance for smokers, athletic shoe rebates for health insurance.

Assess Warilla High school as a supportive environment.Personal support networks / community services : counsellors, Year Advisors, HT Welfare, Careers

Advisors, Youth workers, Police liaison officer, teachers, aids, Vinnies Youth worker, Salvation Army

mentors, local aboriginal support,

Influences : Bullying policies, healthy food canteen, smoking bans, shaded areas, ramps, railings, PE

uniform, football coaching requirements, clinic, epipen availability.

Non - Supportive Environment WHS??? Supportive Environment Discuss overall location of WHS on the continuum and for specific factors e.g. shaded areas, concrete for games, bullying welfare, access to counsellors, food, playground safety.Providing a supportive environment promotes social justice since it targets the diverse factors that contribute to a person’s disadvantage - their living conditions, location, SES etc. It aims to make conditions more equitable among different population groups.


At home (TV, Radio), at the workplace (OHS, workshops, posters, legislation) in the community (smoke free zones, cycle paths etc)

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o strengthening community action

Communities usually know what they need and how they can be helped. To increase the effectiveness of a health promotion initiative it should involve the community at every step – setting priorities, decisions, resources, strategies, implementation and evaluation – working collaboratively with schools, workplaces, local government, doctors, the media, and interest groups (e.g. Cancer Council). This empowers communities to take action.

Evaluate the initial “intervention” in the NT. Discuss and write answers on back Web quest

“With the exception of some prominent Aboriginal commentators, Aboriginal groups strongly condemned the NT Intervention. The authors of the Little Children are Sacred Report also spoke out against the intervention, arguing that its heavy handed, top-down approach was inconsistent with the recommendations in the report…… The Government’s ‘NT Intervention’ involved sending police and the army into remote communities, alcohol bans, winding back Aboriginal land rights under the NT Aboriginal Land Rights Act, health checks for Aboriginal children and the quarantining of welfare payments in 73 Aboriginal communities..... 40 Aboriginal organisations put forward an alternative proposal for urgent action based on consultation and partnerships with local Aboriginal communities, welfare organisations and women’s groups. This proposal was ignored….” Aboriginal child abuse and the NT Intervention www.reconciliaction.org.au/

“Over the last 18 months we’ve seen sustained media coverage of child abuse and family violence, but we’ve rarely seen or heard how Indigenous people and communities across Australia are taking positive steps to respond to this violence, abuse and neglect.

“I have provided 19 case studies in the Social Justice Report 2007 as evidence of what can be achieved in the fight against child abuse and family violence in Indigenous communities when there is true engagement with Indigenous people.

“Sometimes these steps were taken because communities felt a need to take action themselves and others developed through formal and informal partnerships with individual government agencies, non-government organisations, the courts or police.

“But most importantly, every single one of them is striving to make a lasting difference and they are initiatives lead by Indigenous people.” Social Justice Report 2007, Human Rights Commission.

Example of community action being empowered….

40 Km School Zones : Schools initially applied for speed reduction zones in areas of greatest need around their schools. E.g. Leawarra Ave, Barrack heights. Also “wombat’ crossings.

Remote aboriginal communities could apply to become “dry” towns where all alcohol was banned.Local councils lobbied state governments for the right to lower residential speed limits.

Local councils, residential action groups, businesses can successfully lobby the RTA to install traffic calming devices in areas they have identified as priorities.

Cancer Council lobbied governments to ban smoking in pubs and clubs.

Ensuring that communities most in need have the resources necessary to implement health promotion strategies promotes the social justice principle of equity.


http://www.reconciliaction.org.au/

http://reconciliaction.org.au/nsw/recent-issues/aboriginal-child-abuse-and-the-nt-intervention/

http://reconciliaction.org.au/nsw/recent-issues/aboriginal-child-abuse-and-the-nt-intervention/

Federal Parliament hears push for Wollongong MRI licensePosted Tue Sep 13, 2005 10:45am AEST The campaign for a Medicare license for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine at Wollongong Hospital has been raised in Federal Parliament.The Member for Cunningham, Sharon Bird, has delivered a petition with more than 16,000 signatures urging Federal Health Minister Tony Abbott to grant the license.The MRI machine has been operating for nearly two years at the hospital, with the help of State Government funding.Ms Bird says she believes Mr. Abbott cannot ignore such a display of public concern."I'm hoping it will be impossible for him to ignore us in the next round because ... close to 16,500 people have signed the signature in the Illawarra region and my claim to the Minister is that that makes it clear that this is a serious health issue for our area," she said.

It is difficult for an individual to gain access to and to influence policy makers. Community groups are more successful in lobbying for change since they represent a broader range / larger number of people (voters??) or a specific informed source (Cancer Council, Asthma Foundation).

Finally those suffering the most disadvantage (priority population groups) must also be targeted for extra funding allocation. Being ‘unfair to be fair’! = equityHow much more is spent on ATSI health than the average Australian? 17% higher

Justify this extra allocation in the health budget.(briefly)

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What was the outcome? Wollongong hospital MRI machine was licensed and is now covered by Medicare,

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reorienting health services

Focus / emphasis:

Students put the above diagram into words.

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Delivery:

Students put the above diagram into words......................................................................................................................................................................

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Primary health care is the ideal place for health promotion (prevention) – the services are widespread plus large numbers of people at risk visit.

They can provide clinical services (mammograms), patient education (falls clinics), support (grief counsellors), information (pamphlets), links with other services (referrals) and ensuring equitable access (multilingual) = diversity .e.g. G.P.’s….pap smears, vaccinations, skin checks, dietary advice, routine blood pressure checks.

Health care is now concerned with ensuring that all Australians can easily utilise their facilities and services = equity

o Physical Location – mobile vans, regional centres, flying doctor, settings such as mammograms in shopping centres, 24 hour medical centres, radio doctor,

o Community awareness – culturally specific advertising, local clinics in visible locations

o Affordability – medicare, safety net, bulk billing, free clinics, free blood transfusions

Has the reorientation gone far enough?Dental care? Expensive or long waiting lists for public treatment. Orthodontia?Rural and remote? Shortage of doctors and services, distance to specialists, Specialists? Expensive and concentrated in cities and larger regional centres.Youth services? How aware are you of the services available to you as a teenager?Mental Health ? Seen any ads for mental health problem prevention?


curative / clinical.

Diagnosis / treatment,

Promotes health, prevents ill-health,

supports well being. Well being of whole

person.

Medical profession

Health professionals working with schools, workplaces, non-govt.

organizations.Attitudinal changes in

professional education / training.

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building healthy public policy

Government decisions (legislation, policies, taxation, organisation) can have a dramatic effect on all areas of a nation’s health and so a commitment to decisions that benefit health results in positive health outcomes. Laws can ensure that all people have equal right to health = equity.Policies made in ANY area of public concern can have a health impact. To achieve health improvement all government decisions, not just those directly relating to health, must take into consideration their impact on health.

‘Non-health’ specific Government decision

possible health outcome healthy public policy

Reopening Port Kembla Copper smelter

Local air quality Relocation of school, careful monitoring of air quality, eventual closure of smelter

GST on all foods Healthy foods more expensive, equal tax as junk food

No GST on ‘natural’ foods to encourage healthy eating

Police only able to test for BAC after accident

Drunk drivers not being caught until injuries occur

Random breath testing

BAC was 0.08 Risk of fatal accident 2x at this level

0.05 for full license0.00 for provisional

Location of speed cameras Effectiveness of fixed cameras reduced due to familiarity

Mobile speed cameras introduced 25% drop in road deaths attributed to speeding in Victoria.

Other examples of policies which have been made to achieve specific health outcomes…

Healthy Public Policy Positive Health outcomes

Learner driver hours

Smoke free pubs and clubs

Compulsory wearing of seatbelts

40 km speed limits

OHS rules in the workplace

Alcoholic soda tax increases

‘no hat, no play’

Railway police, blue light carriages

Child safety restraints in cars

Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme

Why not ban tobacco outright? It would increase criminal activity, 17% people would become illegal

drug addicts, impossible to enforce (think prohibition in 1920’s America and the mafia)

Why not making the minimum driving age 25 years? Make junk food illegal? Increasing PE hours in schools? Fining parents for obese children?


the Ottawa Charter in action / - critically analyse the importance of the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter through a study of TWO health promotion initiatives related to Australia’s health priorities

Health Promotion Initiative..........................................................................................................................................................................................................ACTION AREA The Ottawa Charter in Action The importance of this action area to this HP.

o Developing personal skills- modifying personal behaviours- gaining access to information and support-

o Reorienting health services- identifying the range of services available- gaining access to services

o Healthy public policy (building)- identifying the impact of policies on health- influencing policy- deciding where to spend the money

o Supportive environments (creating)- identifying personal support networks and community

services- identifying sociocultural, physical, political and

economic influences on health-

o community action (strengthening)- empowering communities to take action


Health Promotion Initiative.......................................................................................................................................................................................................ACTION AREA The Ottawa Charter in Action The importance of this action area to this HP.

o Developing personal skills- modifying personal behaviours- gaining access to information and support-

o Reorienting health services- identifying the range of services available- gaining access to services

o Healthy public policy (building)- identifying the impact of policies on health- influencing policy- deciding where to spend the money

o Supportive environments (creating)- identifying personal support networks and community

services- identifying sociocultural, physical, political and

economic influences on health-

o community action (strengthening)- empowering communities to take action


(2002) (b) Evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the principles of the OttawaCharter in addressing the areas of depression, and road and traffic-related injuries. 15 marks

Scaffold for evaluateEvaluate - make a judgement based on criteria; determine the value of.


Issue to be evaluated:

Point for: Elaboration and support:

Point for:Elaboration and support:

Point against:Elaboration and support:

Point against: Elaboration and support:

Points to note:Statement of topic to be evaluated.

Preview of points for and against your judgement (without using “I”).

Topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph followed by explanation and examples to illustrate point.

Points could also be advantages and disadvantages instead of for and against.

Use linking words such as: therefore, because, however, for instance, for example, as a result.

Criteria used to make a judgement could be used during the points for and against the argument to illustrate these more clearly.

Brief summary of points for and against.

Restate judgement at the end either for OR against the argument.

Criteria used to assess points for and against:

Conclusion and judgement:

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Now write it out like in the exam using the scaffold above.

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Documents

Core 1: What role does health promotion play in achieving ...2updhpewarillahigh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Core+1+Bo… · Web viewhealth promotion based on the five action areas