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 Answers Marks New AQA GCSE Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2011 1  P1, Chapter 1 1 When a fluid is heated it expands, becomes less dense, and rises. The warm fluid is replaced by cooler, denser, f luid. The resulting convection current transfers energy throughout the fluid. 3 2 a A solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume . b A liquid has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape . c  A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume . d Fluids are liquids or gases. e The particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions. 1 1 1 1 1 3 a conduction b θ c m E    E = 1.3 kg x 380 J/kg °C x 20 °C E = 9880 J 1 3 4 a  A matt black surface is a very good abso rber of infrared compared to light, shiny surfaces. b Shiny metal. Shiny surfaces are poor emitters of infrared. Matt black surfaces are good emitters of infrared. 2 2 5 a i The higher the wind speed, the greater the rate of evaporation . ii The highe r the tempera ture, the grea ter the rate of evaporation . iii The higher the humidi ty, the slower the rate of evaporation. b The most energetic molecules leave the surface of the liquid, so the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules is less. The temperature depends on the average kinetic energy, so it is reduced. 1 1 1 3 6 a There is more glass and glass is a good insulator. The air between the glass is a good insulator. Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written Communicatio n (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response. There is a clear, balanced and detailed description of the similarities and differences in conduction in metals and non-metals. The answer shows almost faultless spelling, punctuation and grammar. It is coherent and in an organised, logical seque nce. It contains a range of appropriate or relevant specialist terms used accurately. There is a description of a range of similarities and differences in conduction in metals and non-metals. There are some errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar. The answer has some structure and organisation. The use of specialist terms has been attempted, but not always accurately. 2 5-6 3-4

Core Physics Mark Scheme AQA textbook

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