Core Strategygy DPD - Lancashire · 2015-12-02 · northern England, nationally important archaeological sites, and an increasing number of protected wildlife sites, some of international

Minerals & WasteDevelopment Framework

Lancashire

Managing our Wasteand Natural Resources

FEBRUARY 2009

gyCore Strategy DPD

This document has been prepared by the Joint Authorities of Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council,Blackpool Council and Lancashire County Council.

© The Joint Advisory Committee for Strategic PlanningLancashire County Council, Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council,Blackpool Council

Cover photographs copyright Lancashire County Council 2000 & RecycleNow

ISBN 1 905201 11 7

Copies of this document are available from:Lancashire County Council, Environment Directorate,PO Box 9, Guild House, Cross Street. PRESTON. PR1 8RD

Tel: 01772-530695 Fax: 01772-534178 Email: [email protected]

Text is available in large format on request

For further details of the Joint Lancashire Minerals and Waste Development Framework, and toview and download this and other documents, please visit our website.

www.lancsmwdf.com

Whatever your view, for one reason or another you will recognise the importance to our everydaylives of extracting minerals and managing waste.

Minerals are essential raw materials to our manufacturing industry, and to building or improvingour roads, homes, hospitals, schools, shops and offices.

In the same way, our quality of life relies on the safe, clean and effective collection, treatment anddisposal of waste. And by reusing, recycling and finding other uses for more of our waste we canhelp to reduce our impact on the environment and benefit future generations.

There is no doubt that good planning of our minerals and waste is fundamental to the way we liveour lives and the way our cities, towns and villages appear and function. Equally though, we need toappreciate the potential for minerals exploitation and the management of waste to cause disruptionto our environment and to our communities.

Hence the reason why we have produced this Core Strategy: to try to minimise any conflicts as bestwe can, and ensure that the wider community can enjoy the benefits of good minerals and wasteplanning now and in many years to come.

We are entering a new and challenging time in managing our waste and natural resources. This Core Strategy represents our first opportunity to begin to plan for the step change we areseeing in the nation’s approach to dealing with its waste, away from landfill and towards moresophisticated methods of management and resource recovery.

We are proud of our performance and action in the area of municipal waste management, whichhave put the Plan area at the forefront of the region’s, and indeed the nation’s, response toachieving more sustainable forms of waste management.

We now look to the Core Strategy to steer the Plan area to similar performance across the widerwaste streams and in natural resource management, by providing the framework in which moredetailed proposals for minerals and waste can emerge in future development plan documents under the Joint Lancashire Minerals and Waste Development Framework.


Core Strategy DPD Core Strategy DPDCore Strategy DPD

Preface

PageForeword

Section 1: Preparing a Core Strategy 1

Section 2: Identifying Issues, Needs and Constraints 3

Section 3: Influences 7

Section 4: A Spatial Vision 11

Section 5: Objectives 13

Section 6: A Strategy for Managing Waste and Natural Resources 166.1 Safeguarding Lancashire’s Mineral Resources 176.2 Minimising The Need For Mineral Extraction 206.3 Meeting The Demand For New Minerals 236.4 Identifying Sites And Areas For Mineral Extraction 286.5 Achieving Sustainable Minerals Production 306.6 Promoting Waste Minimisation and Increasing Waste Awareness 336.7 Managing Our Waste As A Resource 366.8 Identifying Capacity For Managing Our Waste 416.9 Achieving Sustainable Waste Management 51

Section 7: Implementation and Monitoring 54

Section 8: Approach to Site Identification and Assessment 55Glossary 56

Section 9: Replacement of Local Plan policies

Key Diagram

Contents

Preparing a Core Strategy

1.1 The Government has introduced changes tothe land-use planning system which affect thelook of, and the way we prepare, the plans thatguide the location and type of new development.

1.2 These changes mean that instead ofpreparing a ‘Structure Plan’ and a number of‘Local Plans’ to deal with future land use acrossLancashire, we must now prepare ‘LocalDevelopment Frameworks’ (or ‘LDFs’) under aRegional Spatial Strategy for the North West (or‘RSS’). One such LDF will cover minerals andwaste planning and will be called the Mineralsand Waste Development Framework (or ‘MWDF’).

This will contain a number of Development PlanDocuments (DPDs), including a Core Strategy,Site Specific policies, Development Controlpolicies and a Proposals Map. Collectively, thesedocuments with the RSS will provide thedevelopment plan for minerals and waste inLancashire.

1.3 A Minerals and Waste Local Plan(hereafter referred to as the Local Plan) wasadopted in 2001, covering the same Plan area asthis Core Strategy.

Putting aside the changes to the planningsystem explained above, there is a need toreview and update the strategy and the policiesof the Local Plan, to account not only forchanges in minerals and waste planning, butalso to reflect on broader changes to oureconomy, our environment, and our communities.

Section 9 illustrates those policies in the LocalPlan which are replaced by the Core Strategyand those which remain operational untilreplaced by other policies within the emergingMWDF. The Local Development Scheme willidentify further DPDs to be prepared, which inturn, will identify those remaining policies in theLocal Plan that will be replaced.



Section 1

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2

Identifying Issues,Needs andConstraints

2.1 Lancashire contrasts some of the mostdensely populated urban areas in the countrywith large expanses of sparsely populated andhighly valued rural countryside. It is borderedby rural areas of Cumbria and North Yorkshireto the north, the three major metropolitan areasof Merseyside, Manchester, and West Yorkshireto the south and east, and the Irish Sea to thewest. More than four-fifths of Lancashire’stotal area is rural, although most ofLancashire’s 1.4 million residents live and workin its dispersed cities and towns.

2.2 The characteristics of the Plan area (which are illustrated on the Key Diagramaccompanying the Core Strategy) for wastemanagement and minerals extraction, bringingissues, needs and constraints that we need to beaware of, including:

Continuing population and householdgrowth, accompanied by economic andregeneration growth, focussed on the CentralLancashire City Region area, EastLancashire’s housing market renewal area,Coastal towns’ regeneration areas, and partsof South Lancashire within the Liverpool CityRegion area.

A great diversity of landscapes, includingsome of the most valued landscapes innorthern England, nationally importantarchaeological sites, and an increasingnumber of protected wildlife sites, some ofinternational significance, supporting avariety of species.

An internationally important coastline for itsnature conservation value.

A valuable built heritage including historicbuildings of various periods and types,historic parks and gardens, and numerousConservation Areas.

A diverse economy built on a long history ofurban and industrial growth, dominated inwestern areas by retail and tourism and asmall number of significant manufacturingfirms, and in eastern parts by a narrow andweak economy over-dependent on a decliningmanufacturing base.

Relatively large amounts of derelict anddegraded land recognised as having asignificant effect on the image of andinvestment in our sub-region, as well ascreating a local nuisance and safetyconcerns.

A well-developed transport system, with aninterregional motorway and rail networklinking north-south and east-west, well-connected urban areas, two major canalwaterways and port facilities at Heysham,Fleetwood and Glasson.



Section 2

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2.3 Relating these to minerals and waste, wesee that many of our mineral resources aretightly constrained by the valuable landscapeand important nature conservation interests inour Plan area, meaning opportunities forextraction are limited. Some are threatened byother development pressures. Others sufferfrom poor access to our primary transportnetwork and impact upon their local environmentand communities. For some minerals, adiminishing supply brings difficulties of its own,with possible encroachment towards populatedareas if we are to continue to meet our local,regional and national needs with primary land-won minerals. Similarly, diminishing landfillcapacity, whilst supporting our efforts to reduceand recycle our waste, throws up its ownchallenges to minimise waste growth from anexpanding population and economy, handle ourwaste in more resourceful ways, and findlocations for new waste technologies with thecapacity to manage our waste but alsopotentially to find more landfill for a decreasingbut continuing demand for final disposal.

2.4 Given the characteristics of minerals andwaste in our Plan area, our earlier consultationwork has provided a focus for the Core Strategyon the following issues. The Core Strategyshould address how to:

SafeguardLancashire’s Mineral Resources

Minerals are a finite resource and careneeds to be taken to ensure that depositsare used in the best way and safeguardedfrom other forms of development to ensurethey are not sterilised.

Minimise the needfor future MineralExtraction

A key objective of Government guidance is toreduce the consumption of primaryaggregates and ensure that they are put tothe highest quality end use. To this end theGovernment is seeking an increase in theamount of recycled and secondaryaggregates (RSA) used.

Meet the demandfor new Minerals

New targets for the amount of aggregatesthat need to be provided were issued by theGovernment in 2003. These were lower thanin previous years and reflected changes inproduction levels and attempts to increasethe contribution of recycled and secondaryaggregates. No such apportionments offorecast demand are produced for otherminerals.

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Identify Sites andAreas for MineralExtraction

Government guidance requires that mineralsare planned for to ensure a steady supplyover the plan period.

Achieve SustainableMineralsProduction

The potential impacts arising from mineralsdevelopment can be significant, oftenresulting from noise, dust, and vibration.These impacts can result in considerablenuisance to local communities. The movementof minerals in particular has the potential to cause damage to our environment.

Most of the minerals extracted within thePlan area are moved by road. The currentPlan contains policies for rail freight andrecognises the importance of minimisingtravel. The Government advises a movetowards more sustainable transportation,including consideration of alternative meansof moving minerals, for example by train or barge.

Promote WasteMinimisation andIncrease WasteAwareness

A key emphasis of government policy is wasteminimisation, and significant increases inrecycling and composting. Heavy reliance isplaced on the role the general public andindustry will play in achieving these aims,and it has been proven that increases inwaste minimisation and recycling often occuras a result of increasing education andawareness.

Manage our Waste as aResource

The current Minerals and Waste Local Planrelies on landfill as the main means ofdealing with waste. We need to cater for allwaste streams, some of which haveGovernment-set targets for recycling andrecovery. In recent years, waste managementtechnologies have advanced. There are nowa number of different means of dealing withwaste.



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Identify Capacity forManaging ourWaste

Government guidance requires that wastemanagement facilities are planned for toensure that sufficient facilities are madeavailable to meet waste management needs.There are a number of ways this might beachieved.

AchieveSustainable WasteManagement

The management and transportation ofwaste can lead to significant environmentalimpacts and nuisance to local communities. The aim of sustainable waste management isto maximise recycling and recovery withoutadversely affecting communities or theenvironment. A key emphasis of Governmentpolicy is to deal with waste as close aspossible to where it arises and encouragesustainable waste management practiceswhich reduce the need to transport wastegreat distances.

2.5 These are the issues under which ourstrategy is presented in Section 6.

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Influences3.1 The Core Strategy has been influenced from

a number of sources. Principal amongst these are the views of stakeholders, as well as theoutcomes of sustainability appraisal and evidencegathering. Underpinning the Core Strategy areEuropean, National and Regional planningpolicies, the community strategies in place acrossthe Plan area and other relevant local andregional strategies and initiatives.

3.2 Key to our approach to preparing the CoreStrategy is the idea of ‘spatial planning’.Traditional land-use planning has largely reliedupon the regulation and control of how land isused. Spatial planning demands a wider, moreintegrated approach that aims to promoteoutcomes that deliver economic, social andenvironmental objectives together over time. It relies upon local authorities and otherorganisations co-ordinating their activities,agreeing objectives and jointly managing changesaffecting their area. At the heart of theseobjectives is the Government’s drive forsustainable communities.

3.3 Sustainable communities are places wheredevelopment and the delivery of key services areco-ordinated and where individuals,neighbourhoods, businesses, and organisationswork together and are supported by an effectivesystem of local government.

3.4 Sustainable development is key to deliveringmore sustainable communities. Sustainabledevelopment calls for homes, buildings andinfrastructure which support economic growth,stronger communities, and are protective ofcultural and environmental quality. It also callsfor ways of planning, decision-making andmanagement which consider the long-term effectsof new development and facilitate the delivery ofbetter services.

The Government’sobjectives for minerals and waste3.5 At the national level, Government objectivesfor minerals and waste planning complement this drive for sustainable communities. In their broadest sense, these look to:

“meeting the nation’s need for mineralssustainably by adopting an integrated policyapproach to considering the social,environmental and economic factors of doing so and securing avoidance or appropriatemitigation of environmental impacts”(Government’s aims for minerals planning,

MPS1 ‘Planning and Minerals’)and to…“protect human health and theenvironment by producing less waste and byusing it as a resource wherever possible”

(Government’s overall objective on waste, PPS10‘Planning for Sustainable Waste Management’)



Section 3

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3.6 In addition to these Government PolicyStatements, there are a series of others that theCore Strategy has taken into account. Others ofparticular relevance to minerals and wasteplanning include the series of Mineral PolicyGuidance notes and emerging Statements,Planning Policy Statement 7 (SustainableDevelopment in Rural Areas), Planning PolicyStatement 9 (Biodiversity and GeologicalConservation), and Planning Policy Statement 25(Development and Flood Risk) and the Supplementto Planning Policy Statement 1 (Planning andClimate Change). The Government’s objectives forwaste management are also captured in theNational Waste Strategy 2007, which revised andupdated the direction of the previous Strategypublished in 2000.

Other strategies3.7 The Core Strategy will be a key mechanism in

delivering aspects of Community Strategiesrelated to minerals and waste planning. As well asconsidering the Community Strategies of the JointAuthorities, District Community Strategies acrossLancashire have been considered for the ideasthey address that are likely to be relevant tominerals and waste planning. The following tablecombines together the relevant issues and actionscontained in the Community Strategies that coverthe Plan area.

3.8 The Plan area is also covered by a JointMunicipal Waste Management Strategy, preparedby the Lancashire Waste Partnership comprisingall fifteen Waste Disposal and CollectionAuthorities in the Plan area. The strategy, setsout a series of measures for improving rates ofwaste growth, recycling and composting anddiverting waste away from landfill through otherwaste management solutions. These measureshave since been developed into a programme fordelivery of a Lancashire Waste Network (formunicipal waste management). The targets and likely delivery mechanisms haveinformed production of the Core Strategy.

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Summary of relevant issues and actionsidentified in community strategies

Issues Actions

Minimisewaste tolandfill

Encourage reduction, reuse andrecycling of wasteFocus on waste minimisationReduce pollutionEncourage recycling inredevelopmentsSupport and create markets forrecycled products

Reducetransportimpacts

Encourage and develop moresustainable methods of transportProtect key rail corridors for futuretransport useReduce pollution

Reducedereliction

Use land effectively/efficientlyBring into use brownfield andderelict land

Protectlandscapeandbiodiversity

Protect and enhance wildlifehabitats/the local environmentDevelop in suitable areas

Raiseenviron-mentalawareness

Develop incentives to encourageenvironmentally sustainable behaviourEmphasise environmentalsustainability as a key area forinvestment in any local decision

Encourageinnovativeenvironmen-talbusinesseswith growthpotential

Enhance skill levelsProvide broad range of employmentopportunitiesSupport markets for recycledmaterials and products

Protect andenhancebuiltenvironment/heritageassets

Preserve distinctive heritageDevelopment reflecting localcharacteristics Support locally sourced materials

The current development planfor Lancashire

3.9 The North West’s Regional Spatial Strategy(RSS) provides a framework for the strategy andpolicies in this Core Strategy, and reflects theaspirations set out in The Northern Way, theRegional Economic Strategy, Regional TransportStrategy and the Regional Waste Strategy.

3.10 The minerals and waste policies containedin the RSS have recently been revised andupdated as part of the RSS review, which waspublished in 2008. The Core Strategy has beenprepared alongside this review process and hastaken the content of the RSS into full account.

3.11 The Joint Lancashire Structure Plan 2001-2016 (‘the Structure Plan’) was adopted in March2005. RSS suggests which structure plan policiesare replaced by its own policies, but also notesthat there may be instances where it may beappropriate for structure plan policies to beexpressed in local development frameworks(including a minerals and waste developmentframework such as this) prepared by localauthorities in the region. The Structure Plancontains three policies on minerals and waste.Collectively, these policies cover the provision ofsuitable and sufficient facilities for new mineralsextraction and for managing all waste streams,and emphasise waste minimisation, the role ofrecycled and secondary aggregates, and highquality restoration schemes as key issues forminerals and waste planning.

3.12 The Lancashire Minerals and Waste LocalPlan 2006 (‘the Local Plan’) was adopted inDecember 2001. Whilst the process we areundergoing is new, the strategy and objectives ofthe Local Plan, and the effectiveness of itspolicies since its adoption, have provided animportant starting point for generating a vision,objectives and policies for the DevelopmentFramework. More specifically, a survey of usersof the Local Plan, carried out during 2003 andreported in our Monitoring Report 1 (2003), willcontinue to inform the process of preparing newpolicies for the Core Strategy and otherdevelopment plan documents under the Mineralsand Waste Development Framework.

CommunityInvolvement

3.13 To involve stakeholders from the earlystages of preparing the Core Strategy, weestablished a Forum for representatives fromlocal communities, industry, government agencies,local authorities and other interests. Witharound 100 members, the Forum contributedthrough a series of independently facilitatedworkshops and short consultation exercisesduring late 2005. The comments and suggestionsmade during these early stages helped inidentifying issues and options for minerals andwaste planning, which were presented in aconsultation report sent to all our consultees inearly 2006. The response to that consultationinfluenced our proposals for preferred options.In turn, a public participation exercise for ourpreferred options informed the preparation ofthis Core Strategy.



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SustainabilityAppraisal

3.14 Delivering sustainable development is atthe heart of the new planning system. TheSustainability Appraisal process is aboutmaking sure our ideas for a vision, objectives andpolicies are sustainable and will have a positiveeffect on society, the environment and economy.The appraisal also highlights how we mightbetter integrate with other plans, strategies andinitiatives. A Sustainability Appraisal has beenundertaken at each stage in the preparation ofthe Core Strategy.

3.15 The effect of Core Strategy policies, andother DPDs, will be monitored against thesustainability objectives that underpin theappraisal and presented in the AnnualMonitoring Report, and these effects willinfluence future reviews of these policies.

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A Spatial Vision 4.1 Producing the new Minerals and Waste

Development Framework allows us to take afresh look at the issues facing us and to takebold steps towards delivering improvements,based on the principles of sustainabledevelopment handed down to us by nationalGovernment. Identifying a vision of Lancashirein the future allows us to translate these broadsustainability principles into something that ishopefully relevant and meaningful toLancashire’s residents, businesses and visitors.

4.2 The Spatial Vision that follows takes in theessential features to come out of our earlierconsultations and sustainability appraisal andpresents these as a spatial expression of therelevant matters in community strategies acrossthe Plan area. It presents a vision of Lancashirein 2021 and the actions needed to deliver ourvision.

Section 4

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A SPATIAL VISION FOR MINERALS ANDWASTE IN LANCASHIRE

Over the Plan period, Lancashire will continueto contribute an appropriate supply of mineralsto provide locally sourced materials and thoserequired to meet regional and national needs,supported by a productive and diverse mineralsindustry. The use of alternative materials inplace of land-won minerals will progressivelyincrease, and will be supported by an expandingmineral recycling industry. New waste facilitieswill be located to reduce the need to transportwastes unnecessarily and to support self-sufficiency and local ownership in wastemanagement. Minerals will be safeguarded fortheir economic, environmental or culturalheritage value. All new minerals and wastedevelopment will contribute to conserving andenhancing our landscapes, our natural andcultural heritage and our quality of life.

By 2021, we will all, residents, businesses anddevelopers alike, understand our ownresponsibilities in managing our waste andnatural resources sustainably and will viewwaste as a resource rather than something to bethrown away and forgotten. Our communitiesand visitors to Lancashire will value our miningand quarrying heritage and appreciate theimportance of continuing mineral extraction toour economy and to our quality of life. Residentsand industry will work closely together and withlocal authorities to influence the way futuresites for minerals and waste are planned.

Lancashire will benefit from an integratednetwork of waste facilities using innovativetechnologies to manage our waste in sustainableways, and supported by a thriving recycling andreprocessing market. All new developments willembrace waste minimisation and recycling intheir design and construction techniques. Highquality design and working practices will be anessential feature of all new minerals and wastedevelopments, which will respect the characterand distinctiveness of their surroundings.Lancashire’s minerals and waste activities will beexemplars of best practice.

Section 5 Managing our Wasteand Natural Resources


Objectives 5.1 Whilst our vision describes what we will

achieve, our objectives tell us how we should goabout achieving this. When we monitor andreview our progress against these objectives, weshould be able to tell a lot about ourachievements, whether our policies are havingthe desired effect, and what we might need to doto improve things.

5.2 Our proposed vision outlines our ambitionfor sustainable resource management in thePlan area. All the objectives that follow areunderpinned by this ambition to manage wasteand minerals extraction according to theprinciples of sustainable development,supporting the Government’s strategy forSustainable Communities and the delivery ofLancashire’s community strategies.

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MINERALS AND WASTE OBJECTIVESFOR LANCASHIRESafeguarding Lancashire’s mineral resourcesby the sustainable and prudent use of mineralresources requires a coherent approach inwhich the demand for minerals is minimised;wastage of resources is avoided; and the valueof minerals and their former workings isoptimised.

Objective 1 To identify and safeguard mineralresources for specific purposes which meet aproven and sustainable need, recognisingtheir environmental, cultural and landscapevalue and their potential for future working.

Minimising the need for minerals extraction is a key element of our Spatial Vision, and willprovide opportunities for new businessgrowth in this sector.

Objective 2 To encourage the availability anduse of recycled and secondary minerals,supported by resource-efficient constructiontechniques.

Meeting the demand for new minerals in asustainable manner will provide long-termcertainty and direction for the mineralextraction industry.

Objective 3 To provide a sustainable supply oflocally sourced minerals, sufficient to meet ourcontribution to local, regional and nationalneeds.

Identifying sites and areas for mineralsextraction can have a significant effect onbusinesses and on local communities. Within aplan-led system communities and businessesshould be able to contribute to the process ofsite selection effectively.

Objective 4 To provide certainty forbusinesses, operators and the public byidentifying sites and areas for new mineralsextraction, whilst seeking to conserve andenhance Lancashire’s environmental assetsand ensure a high quality of life for all.

Achieving sustainable minerals productionrequires the adoption of good workingpractices and adherence to highenvironmental standards, and anappreciation of the wider and longer termimpacts of minerals extraction on ourenvironment.

Objective 5 To support high standards ofworking practices and environmentalprotection, and take an integrated andinnovative approach to enhancing the qualityof land and our landscapes during extractionand in restoration for beneficial after-use,including potential benefits to biodiversity,amenity and access to the countryside.

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Our vision calls for greater communityinvolvement and partnership working, toincrease the opportunities for people to beinvolved in the way their communities areplanned and developed.

Objective 6 To encourage and enable localcommunities, businesses and local authoritiesto work together in coming to decisions anddelivering solutions for sustainable resourcemanagement.

Promoting waste minimisation and increasingwaste awareness will be relevant both to ourstrategic approach and to the success ofspecific development proposals.

Objective 7 To encourage greaterunderstanding and responsibility amongresidents, businesses and developers toreducing and recovering value from waste.

Managing our waste as a resource requirescommitment from both the producers of wasteand those responsible for managing thatwaste. Facilities will be necessary to deliverthis commitment.

Objective 8 To contribute to breaking the linkbetween economic growth and theenvironmental impact of waste by minimisingwaste requiring final disposal and promotingthe development of environmentaltechnologies for sustainable wastemanagement.

Identifying capacity for managing our waste,supported by appropriate sites andtechnologies, will be essential in our progressthroughout the plan period towards moresustainable forms of waste management.

Objective 9 To provide a sufficient capacity ofwaste management facilities, including landfillneeded for final disposal, that prioritiseswaste reduction, then reuse, recycling andrecovery so that the plan area will be net self-sufficient in waste management capacity by2021

Identifying appropriate sites for wastemanagement and ensuring appropriate designand operation standards are met is central toachieving sustainable waste management.

Objective 10 To identify and safeguard sites to deliver sustainable waste management toallow waste to be dealt with as close to itssource as possible, whilst conserving andenhancing Lancashire’s environmental assets.

Objective 11 To promote high quality designand working practices in waste managementfacilities, to minimise harm caused to localcommunities, the landscape and localenvironment and encourage the satisfactoryrestoration of landfill sites for beneficialafter-uses.



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Section 6A Strategy for Managing Wasteand NaturalResources

6.1 In this section we describe our strategy,activities and actions to delivering the vision andobjectives presented earlier in this report.

6.2 The Strategy is presented under nineseparate but interlinked issues, which continuethe same issues identified during earlierconsultation and link to the objectives presentedalready. The issues are how to:

safeguard Lancashire’s mineral resources(linked to Objective 1)

minimise the need for mineral extraction(Objective 2)

meet the demand for new minerals (Objective 3)

identify sites and areas for new mineralextraction (Objective 4)

achieve sustainable minerals production(Objective 5)

promote waste minimisation and increasewaste awareness (Objectives 6 & 7)

manage our waste as a resource (Objective 8)

identify capacity for managing our waste(Objective 9)

achieve sustainable waste management(Objectives 10 and 11)

6.3 The policies of the Core Strategy(referenced CS1-9), which address these issues,are set out in the following pages, and, toprovide context to this policy framework, shouldbe read alongside the relevant supporting textand Sections 7,8 and 9 and the Key Diagram.

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Section 6.1

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SafeguardingLancashire’s Mineral ResourcesPOLICY CS1Minerals will be extracted only where they meeta proven need for materials with thoseparticular specifications.

Lancashire’s mineral resources, including thoseshown on the Key Diagram, and including itsformer mineral workings, will be identified andconserved, where they have an economic,environmental or heritage value.

Mineral resources with the potential forextraction now or in the future will be identifiedas Mineral Safeguarding Areas and protectedfrom permanent sterilisation by otherdevelopment.

Mineral consultation areas will be identified andreviewed regularly. District councils will consultwith the minerals planning authority whereproposals for developments fall within these areas.

Extraction of mineral resources prior to otherforms of development will be encouraged.

The Mineral Planning Authorities will work withindustry and others to ensure the best availableinformation supports these principles.

6.1.1 Key to delivering sustainable developmentis how we use our natural resources. Livingwithin our environmental limits means makingsure that we use our natural resources wisely toensure that future generations have a supply tomeet their needs. The minerals we use ineveryday life, for building our homes,communities and roads, generating electricity,and making our paper, glass and paints, are afinite resource and care needs to be taken toensure that the resources we know about areconserved and used in the best and mostsustainable way. In all instances, minerals will be extracted only where they meet aproven need for materials with those particularspecifications.

6.1.2 As well as their value to society and to oureconomy, current and former mineral workingscan have an environmental or heritage value.Former mineral workings, particularly thosequarries supplying building stone of varioususes, can be intrinsic elements in the localhistoric landscape, and can provide an importanteducational and recreational resource. Somemay even offer the opportunity for furtherworking for their scarce resources. Others canprovide important natural habitats, or featuresof geological importance. Many current orformer workings across Lancashire aredesignated for their nature conservation orgeological value. Lancashire’s mineral resources,including its former mineral workings, will beidentified and conserved, where they have aneconomic, environmental or heritage value.

6.1.3 Mineral resources must also besafeguarded from other forms of development toensure they are not sterilised but have thepotential to be extracted in the future.Safeguarding mineral resources should notnecessarily be confined only to certain types ofminerals, such as aggregate minerals, or only tothose minerals of a national or regionalsignificance. Provided there is a likelycommercial interest for the mineral, now or inthe future, known mineral resources will beidentified in Mineral Safeguarding Areas (MSAs)and safeguarded from sterilisation by otherforms of development. Similarly, where mineralextraction does take place, it is important thatoperators avoid the possibility for sterilising anyfurther minerals close to current workings.

6.1.4 We intend to identify sites and areas thatwill meet our requirements for new mineralextraction in the Plan period, as part of our SiteSpecific Development Plan Document. Thosesites currently safeguarded in the Local Plan willbe reviewed as part of that process. MSAs arelikely to provide for potential longer-termmineral needs beyond these requirements.However, designation of an area forsafeguarding does not mean that its mineralresources will be worked. These areas cannot bedelivered by the Core Strategy and Key Diagrambut will be shown on the Proposals Map and inLocal Development Documents prepared byconstituent District Councils. In the interim, theKey Diagram shows all existing sites which willbe included in MSAs (including the extent of themineral consultation area for these sites,referred to below). The Key Diagram also showsmineral resource areas for sand and graveldeposits, which will also be considered for theirappropriateness for safeguarding if they arenot specifically identified for extraction duringthe Plan period. Mineral resources with thepotential for extraction now or in the future, willbe identified as Mineral Safeguarding Areas andprotected from permanent sterilisation by otherdevelopment.

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6.1.5 Mineral consultation areas will beidentified and reviewed on a regular basis.Where proposals for developments fall withinthese areas, the local planning authority willconsult with the minerals planning authority.

6.1.6 Government policy also encouragesmineral extraction before development where itis economically and environmentally acceptable.Liaison will take place with local planningauthorities and applicants to encourage theextraction of mineral resources prior to otherforms of development.

6.1.7 An important prerequisite to identifyingand safeguarding mineral resources throughminerals policies will be the availability ofinformation to allow a thorough understandingof the nature of the mineral resource, thecommercial and operational feasibility ofextraction, and environmental or other factorsthat may weigh against extraction.

6.1.8 National policy encourages MineralPlanning Authorities to ensure the bestavailable information on mineral resources andthe social and environmental constraintsworking on them, and to undertake regularassessments of all mineral reserves and knownresources in their area and the need for,distribution, production and uses of, each typeof mineral. We already have a good deal ofimportant geological data available, includinginformation on permitted reserves, to supportthe safeguarding of certain locations or sites,but there are likely to be many other areaswhere the necessary information is lacking. We will work with industry and others to ensurethe best available information to support theidentification, conservation and safeguarding ofour mineral resources.

6.1.9 The other strands to the Core Strategy,presented below, will complement theseapproaches to conserving and safeguardingmineral resources, by minimising the extractionof land-won minerals, by identifying thenecessary supply, and by promoting andmaximising the use of alternative (recycled andsecondary) materials. The safeguarding ofstorage and handling facilities used in thetransportation of minerals is also considered inthe following sections.



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Minimising theneed for MineralExtractionPOLICY CS2

All new developments will be expected tomaximise the use of recycled and secondarymaterials by including measures to:

(i) reduce, reuse, recycle and recover the wastethey produce during construction anddemolition, where possible on-site;

(ii) maximise the use of recycled and secondarymaterials, and the reuse of other buildingmaterials, within the development; and

(iii)maximise the potential for recovering andrecycling construction materials at the end of the development’s life, through the designof, and specification of materials used in, the development.

25% of construction aggregates used in thePlan area will comprise recycled and secondarymaterials by 2021.

A network of sites for fixed recycling facilitieswill be identified across the Plan area, withsufficient capacity and conveniently located tomaximise recycling of construction, demolition,industrial and quarry wastes.

Temporary recycling facilities will be located atlarger sites of construction, demolition andhighway projects with on-site re-use of thesematerials wherever possible.

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Section 6.2

6.2.1 In terms of minimising the need foraggregate mineral extraction, the mostsustainable and resource efficient approach ofall is to reuse buildings rather than reuse andrecycle the materials in those buildings.Because of our limitations in influencing thereuse of buildings over demolition and recycling,we focus on the role we can play in increasingthe reuse and recycling of materials.

6.2.2 The Government is seeking an increase inthe amount of recycled and secondaryaggregates we use. Currently around 12% ofconstruction minerals in the North West regionare RSA materials. Around one half ofconstruction and demolition waste is currentlyrecycled, with as much as 400,000 tonnes sent tolicensed landfill sites or to fill quarry voidsacross Lancashire every year. This suggests aconsiderable potential to increase the use ofrecycled and secondary aggregates, which wouldbenefit us in several ways:

by reducing the demands on extractingprimary land-won aggregates for newconstruction;

by reducing the amounts disposed of tolandfill; and

by reducing the transportation of theseamounts of minerals and waste

6.2.3 Using these waste materials as a resourceis linked directly with climate change. Their usein place of primary aggregates takes up to 75%less energy and produces far less carbondioxide emissions (from the extraction,transport and disposal of these materials).Fiscal measures set by the Government areintended to deter landfilling, through a tax onlandfilled waste, and the use of primaryminerals, with a levy on aggregate production.Alongside these measures, there are currently anumber of voluntary initiatives introduced byGovernment and by the construction industryitself to increase awareness and support anincrease in recycled materials used in newdevelopment. Planned changes to BuildingRegulations also support the use of recycledmaterials in new development.

6.2.4 We can promote these approaches andprovide better advice to those in the constructionindustry. All new developments will includemeasures to:

reduce, reuse, recycle and recover the wastethey produce during construction anddemolition, where possible on-site;

maximise the use of recycled and secondarymaterials, and the reuse of other buildingmaterials, within the development; and also to

maximise the potential for recovering andrecycling construction materials at the end ofthe development’s life, through the designof, and specification of materials used in, thedevelopment.

6.2.5 Guidance for applicants, planningauthorities and other interested parties isprovided in a Supplementary PlanningDocument to the Development Framework,entitled ‘Minimising and Managing Waste in New Developments (2007)’.

6.2.6 Target setting is difficult. Ongoingresearch into the composition of, and possibleuses for, recycling construction, demolition andexcavation waste should give us a better idea ofthe potential for these materials to replaceprimary minerals. Even then, setting any targetwill be difficult given the different types ofmaterials capable of use in, for example, newroad building, hardstanding, and in variousforms of built development. The potentialsupply of recycled and secondary materials islimited in terms of its overall contribution tomeeting aggregate demand, and also, as aquality issue, in terms of the range of uses itcan be put to.



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6.2.7 The Government’s mineralapportionments, that set Lancashire’srequirement for sand and gravel and crushedrock production (discussed in further detail inSection 6.3), reflect these attempts to increasethe contribution from recycled and secondaryaggregates and assume that around 25% of thedemand for aggregates to 2016 will be met bythese materials. The Regional Spatial Strategyincludes a target of 20% of constructionaggregates to be from secondary or recycledsources by 2010 and 25% by 2021. Recentperformance is estimated at around 14%,although this is believed to an underestimate ofthe true use of recycled aggregates currently.

6.2.8 Given these underlying influences, weconsider that a target can be set at this time.We will work with the construction industry toachieve a target of 25% of constructionaggregates to be recycled or secondarymaterials by 2021. This target will be monitoredand reviewed using the results of ongoingresearch and data collection.

6.2.9 To support these proposals, we must havein place sufficient aggregate recycling facilitiesto provide the necessary capacity for recycledand secondary materials. Lancashire’s recyclingindustry has grown over recent years, with adozen or so recycling facilities now locatedacross Lancashire and the increasing use ofmobile recycling facilities at major developmentsites for reuse on site or for general sale.

6.2.10 We can achieve higher rates of recycledand secondary aggregate use, in place ofprimary minerals, by providing a greatercapacity of processing facilities near to thesources of construction and demolition wastesand industrial and quarry wastes, as follows:

at existing quarries;

in or near to our larger towns, andparticularly Lancashire’s regeneration areas(spanning large areas of East Lancashireand our coastal towns as well as smallerneighbourhoods elsewhere) where facilitiesare currently absent;

at existing landfill sites acceptingconstruction and demolition wastes as partof the pre-treatment, reduction and recoveryof these wastes prior to landfilling;

in addition to these fixed locations, there areenvironmental benefits to be gained from thetreatment of construction, demolition andexcavation wastes, and re-use on-site wherepossible, at major demolition andconstruction sites.

6.2.11 A network of sites for fixed recyclingfacilities will be identified across the Plan area,with sufficient capacity and conveniently locatedto maximise recycling of construction, demolition,industrial and quarry wastes.

6.2.12 This is described in further detail aspart of the management of those wastes underPolicy CS8. The process of identifying theselocations is addressed in Section 8.

6.2.13 Complementing this approach, temporaryrecycling facilities will be encouraged at largersites of construction, demolition and highwayprojects with on-site re-use of these materialswherever possible.

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Meeting thedemand for newMineralsPOLICY CS3

Provision will be made for the extraction of the following amounts of mineral for aggregateuse between 2001-2021:

(i) 10.8 million tonnes of sand and gravel

(ii) 57.8 million tonnes of limestone

(iii)38.1 million tonnes of gritstone

This provision will be met through acombination of rolling forward and identifying aminimal range of new sites and relying on themaximum contribution from secondary andrecycled aggregates.

The contribution to aggregate demand fromprimary extraction and from recycled andsecondary alternatives will be monitored.Should the contribution of these alternativematerials exceed 25% of total aggregate usage,the release of any additional sites will bereviewed and updated as a matter of urgency.

Based on the position at the end of 2005,provision will be made for the release ofadditional land for the extraction of not lessthan 4.1 million tonnes of sand and gravel by2021. Preference will be given to the release ofsand and gravel reserves which provide for themaximum practicable contribution of high quality sand.

No additional land will be made available forthe extraction of limestone for aggregate usebefore 2021.

No additional land will be made available forthe extraction of gritstone for aggregate usebefore 2021, unless it is of a special quality notavailable from elsewhere.

Additional land will be made available duringthe Plan period for the extraction of mineralsfor cement or brick manufacturing, where it canbe demonstrated that the landbank supplyingthe manufacturing plant will fall short of 25years during the Plan period.

Proposals for the extraction of locally sourcedbuilding stone for building and architecturalpurposes will be supported.

The Mineral Planning Authorities willendeavour to maintain a landbank of at leastseven years of planning permissions for theextraction of sand and gravel and 10 years forcrushed rock (limestone and gritstone)



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Section 6.3

6.3.1 There is a clear message from ourstakeholders and our sustainability appraisal,which is supported by national and regionalpolicies, that we should be reducing our relianceon new mineral extraction in the Plan area andrely more on the contribution from alternative,recycled and secondary, materials. TheGovernment’s aggregate apportionments (in thetable below) for sand and gravel and crushedrock production already support this view, byassuming that some 25% of aggregate demandwill be met through these alternative materials.We have put forward this target as part of ourproposals to minimise the need for mineralextraction (under Section 6.2).

6.3.2 The opportunity to improve on this targetis unclear at the present time and will need to bereviewed in the light of ongoing research intorecycled aggregates. It would be reasonable topursue a plan, monitor and manage approach tominerals supply, which seeks to rely on maximumcontributions from alternative (RSA) materials,supported by the identification of a minimalrange of new sites.

6.3.3 Provision will be made for the extractionof sand and gravel and crushed rock aggregatesaccording to the forecast demand set by sub-regional apportionments. This provision will bemet through a combination of rolling forwardand identifying a minimal range of new sites andrelying on the maximum contribution fromsecondary and recycled aggregates. TheGovernment’s apportionments cover the periodto 2016, but our Plan period runs to 2021. Inorder to maintain a landbank of minerals supplythroughout our Plan period to satisfy nationalpolicy on this matter, we propose to roll forwardthe apportionment at the same required level ofproduction to 2021. This amount is separatelyidentified in the table across the page.

6.3.4 Pursuing a plan, monitor and manageapproach to minerals supply will need to besupported by regular and comprehensivemonitoring to provide an accurate and up-to-date position on the contribution of recycled andsecondary aggregates to inform supplydecisions by the minerals industry and themineral planning authorities. We will monitorthe contribution to aggregate demand fromprimary extraction and from recycled andsecondary alternatives. Should the contributionof these alternative materials exceed 25% oftotal aggregate usage, the release of anyadditional sites will be reviewed and updated asa matter of urgency.

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6.3.5 Providing a suitable supply of aggregateand other minerals must balance environmentalconsiderations against the need to maintain anadequate supply of minerals to meet thejustifiable needs of the economy and society.Pursuing the approach above would representthe best balance between society’s demand forminerals and protecting and conserving ourenvironmental and natural resources.

Sand and Gravel6.3.6 Over recent years the Joint Plan area has

produced around half a million tonnes of sandand gravel each year, a rate which continuesunder these apportionment figures to 2016. Thisamount has broadly comprised about two thirdshigh quality concrete and building sand and onethird gravel and constructional fill. (Fordefinition purposes, high quality sand is sandthat meets the relevant requirements of theappropriate British Standard and may includedry screened sands.) Recent changes inproduction are expected to bring a drop inannual production by some 200,000 tonnes eachyear, and with it a fall in the production of highquality sand. To maintain these recentproportions, the shortfall in sand and gravel to2021 should be addressed by high qualityreserves. Based on the position at the end of2005, provision will be made for the release ofadditional land for the extraction of not lessthan 4.1 million tonnes of sand and gravel by2021, to meet the Plan area’s sub-regionalapportionment, such releases to provide for, asfar as is practicable, the maximum amount ofhigh quality sand within that overallrequirement.



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Lancashire’s Requirements for Aggregates(million tonnes)

Sand andGravel

Lime-stone

Grit-stone

Apportionment2001-2016

8.2 44 29

Additional tomaintain alandbank to 2021

2.6 13.8 9.1

TotalRequirement to 2021

10.8 57.8 38.1

Production2001-2005

2.3 13.1 8.2

PermittedReserves end of2005

4.4 50.3 64.5

Additional to be released2006 -2021

4.10

(5.6surplus)

0 (34.6

surplus)

Amountnecessary toprovide a 7 or10 yearlandbank

3.5 27.5 18.1

Crushed Rock6.3.7 The supply of crushed rock in Lancashire

comes from two rock types – gritstone andlimestone. Production rates over the lastdecade or more show that limestone hasaccounted for 60% of production and gritstone40%. Applying these proportions gives theamounts shown in the table above. For bothtypes, current permitted reserves would besufficient to provide a ten-year landbank nowand to satisfy requirements to 2021.

6.3.8 For limestone, additional reserves are notrequired in the short term. The Key Diagramshows the location of longer-term strategicprovision for limestone in the Plan area. As wellas avoiding over-production, and supporting theuse of recycled and secondary materials in itsplace, this will bring important environmentalbenefits as the limestone areas capable of beingextracted are limited and can be of considerablenature conservation value. No additional landwill be made available for the extraction oflimestone for aggregate use before 2021.

6.3.9 Gritstone reserves do suggest aconsiderable over-provision at the present time.However, a significant proportion of thesandstone reserve is at one site in Rossendale,where production at the present time and forthe foreseeable future may be negligible. Theremay also be particular instances where newextraction would produce materials of a specialquality not available from elsewhere. Noadditional land will be made available for theextraction of gritstone for aggregate use before2021, unless it is of a special quality notavailable from elsewhere.

6.3.10 The Local Plan made provision formaintaining a landbank of aggregate mineralsat the same apportionment levels of productionbeyond the end of its Plan period, to satisfyGovernment policy on the matter. We do notmake specific provision for this post-Plan periodat this time, but the Mineral PlanningAuthorities will endeavour to maintain therequired landbank for sand and gravel andcrushed rock during the plan period. In theevent that sub-regional apportionments forLancashire are modified in the future, provisionlevels for sand and gravel and crushed rock willbe adjusted accordingly.

Non-AggregateMinerals

6.3.11 As well as our aggregate minerals, thePlan area produces significant amounts ofminerals for use in cement production(limestone and shale) and in brick manufacture(clay and shales). These minerals typicallyrequire a longer landbank to provide securityfor higher levels of investment in quarrying andprocessing facilities. The expected landbank forbrick manufacturing and cement manufacturingis 25 years.

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6.3.12 Lancashire has three existingbrickworks, at Accrington, Ravenhead nearSkelmersdale, and Claughton in rural Lancaster.There is a need to maintain a continuing supplyof permitted reserves of brick clay for each ofthese manufacturing plants sufficient for 25years of production. It is possible that duringthe Plan period established sources of supply toone or more of these plants may fall short ofthis requirement. In addition, there remains thepossibility that brickworks outside Lancashiremay require materials from Lancashire, giventhe nature of the raw material. Additional landwill be made available during the Plan period forthe extraction of minerals for cement or brickmanufacturing, where it can be demonstratedthat the landbank supplying the manufacturingplant will fall short of 25 years. Considerationwill be given to the reasonable availability ofsupplies of an appropriate quality fromelsewhere.

6.3.13 Gritstone is also quarried for use as abuilding stone. With a renewed focus on urbanregeneration across the North West region, andhousing market renewal focusing onrefurbishment and heritage and sustainableregeneration, there is likely to be a growingmarket for natural locally produced stone tomatch with existing stonework.

6.3.14 We recognise that as a County some ofour actual demand for minerals is imported fromoutside the Plan area. Whilst it would not bepracticable to provide for our own demands forall minerals, it would support sustainableobjectives to seek to use locally sourcedminerals wherever possible. Such a principle islikely to be more relevant in sourcing localbuilding stone for conservation and newbuilding schemes to maintain localdistinctiveness. The extraction of locallysourced building stone for building andarchitectural purposes will be supported.



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Section 6.4Identifying Sitesand Areas forMineral ExtractionPOLICY CS4Based on the position at the end of 2005,specific sites and/ or preferred areas will beidentified for the extraction of not less than 4.1million tonnes of sand and gravel by 2021. Inidentifying sites, preference will be given to therelease of sand and gravel reserves whichprovide for the maximum practicablecontribution of high quality sand.

No sites or areas will be identified for theextraction of any other minerals in the Planperiod, unless it can be demonstrated thateither the landbank will fall short of itsrequirement during the Plan period, or elsethat the current landbank contains reservesthat are unlikely to be worked during the Planperiod or else will not satisfy a commercial needfor minerals of a particular specification thatcannot be met from elsewhere.

A selection process will be undertaken by theMinerals Planning Authorities, in consultationwith industry and landowners and otherstakeholders, to identify all potential sites andareas and appraise their suitability for extractioninformed by the potential resource areas forsand and gravel deposits shown on the KeyDiagram.

6.4.1 We can only extract minerals where theyare found. Our long history of mineralextraction has exhausted deposits in many partsof Lancashire, meaning our options foridentifying possible locations for meeting ourongoing demand for minerals are diminishing.This is especially true in relation to our potentialsand and gravel resources. Recent research wehave commissioned has concluded that, based onall the available evidence, there are only a fewremaining locations with proven high qualitysand deposits in commercially viable quantities.

6.4.2 In other parts of Lancashire, otherpotential mineral reserves that may be capableof extraction are constrained by theconsiderable landscape or nature conservationvalue of their surroundings, our limestonequarries to the north of Lancashire being onesuch example.

6.4.3 These examples demonstrate thepotential difficulties we face in identifying sufficient sites and areas to satisfy ourdemands for new mineral extraction.

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6.4.4 However, having identified a demand fornew minerals, it is important that we do makeprovision for these anticipated needs, to providecertainty to the industry, and also to localcommunities, and to ensure a continuity insupply. The Core Strategy, supported by our SiteSpecific Policies, will provide a clear indication tomineral operators and to Lancashire’scommunities of the locations where mineralsextraction may take place.

6.4.5 Of the options available to us, we favourthe identification of specific sites and preferredareas. For the reasons above, we do not favourthe use of broad areas of search, as theyprovide little certainty to the industry or to localcommunities as to the location and likelihood ofwhere and when future mineral extraction mighttake place.

6.4.6 Our sand and gravel landbank ofpermitted reserves at the end of 2005 (sitesalready with planning permission) shows arequirement for the release of additional land toallow for some further extraction, at least 1.5million tonnes of high quality sand, before 2016.Given the detailed information for sand andgravel resources in the Plan area at the end of2005, specific sites and/ or preferred areas willbe identified for the extraction of not less than4.1 million tonnes of sand and gravel by 2021, tomeet the Plan area’s sub-regionalapportionment. In identifying sites/areas,preference will be given to the release of sandand gravel reserves which provide the maximumpracticable contribution of high quality sand tomeeting that overall requirement.

These locations will be contained in our SiteSpecific Policies and Allocations DPD.

6.4.7 In the event that an application cameforward for mineral extraction outside an areawe identify through this process, the applicantwould be required to demonstrate that the site

is not only suitable on its merits, but also that itis at least as good as the sites in areasidentified for extraction. Unless the applicant isable to demonstrate that the requirement isunlikely to be met from areas/sites identified inthe Site Specific Policies and Allocations DPD,such proposals will normally be refused.

6.4.8 Based on the current landbanks ofpermitted reserves for our other significantminerals at the end of 2004 (gritstone,limestone, clay and shale), no sites or areas willbe identified for the extraction of any otherminerals, unless it is demonstrated that eitherthe landbank will fall short of its requirementduring the Plan period, or else the currentlandbank contains reserves that are unlikely tobe worked during the Plan period or else will notsatisfy a commercial need for minerals of aparticular specification that cannot be met fromelsewhere.

6.4.9 To assist in the identification of sites orareas, and to ensure we make a thoroughassessment of all options, a selection processwill be undertaken to identify all potential sitesand areas and appraise their suitability forextraction. The method we propose to follow isdescribed in Section 8.

6.4.10 This site selection process will beinformed by early evidence gathering, which hasidentified potential resource areas across thePlan area for which sufficient geologicalinformation is available to indicate the potentialfor high quality sand deposits and where anyhigher tier planning constraints could beovercome (Sand and Gravel Stage 2 Study,Geoplan Ltd, 2006). These areas are shown onthe Key Diagram.



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Section 6.5AchievingSustainableMineralsProductionPOLICY CS5

Alternatives to the bulk transportation ofminerals by road will be encouraged. Existing orpotential transport, storage, handling orreprocessing facilities will be safeguardedwhere they offer the potential for the use ofrail, water or other means to transport minerals.

Criteria will be developed for the siteidentification process, and also for consideringother proposals brought forward outside theplan-making process, to ensure that:

(i) our natural resources including water, air,soil and biodiversity are protected fromharm and opportunities are taken toenhance them;

(ii) features and landscapes of historic andcultural importance and their settings areprotected from harm and opportunities aretaken to enhance them;

(iii) workings will not adversely contribute tofluvial flood risks or surface water flooding;

(iv) proposals for mineral workings incorporatemeasures to conserve, enhance and protectthe character of Lancashire’s landscapes;

(v) the amenity, health, economic well-being andsafety of the population are protected bythe introduction of high operatingstandards, sensitive working practices andenvironmental management systems thatminimise harm and nuisance to theenvironment and local communitiesthroughout the life of the development;

(vi) essential infrastructure and services to thepublic will be protected;

(vii) sensitive environmental restoration andaftercare of sites takes place, appropriateto the landscape character of the localityand the delivery of national and localbiodiversity action plans. Whereappropriate, this will include improvementsto public access to the former workings torealise their amenity value.

Concurrent mineral working will be encouragedwhere it will maximise the recovery of thematerials worked, including secondary materials.

Waste materials will be used positively whereverappropriate and will not constitute a nuisancebefore a suitable use can be found.

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6.5.1 Government policy specifies the need toidentify opportunities for the transportation,processing and distribution of minerals bypipeline, rail or water and existing new wharvesand railheads. Lancashire has port facilities at Heysham,Fleetwood and Glasson. In the past bothHeysham and Glasson have been used for land-ing marine aggregates. Whilst operations toimport marine dredged sand and gravel areongoing at Heysham, this has not happened atGlasson for some time now. Two major canalspass through Lancashire, the Leeds-Liverpooland the Lancaster canal. There is currently nocommercial traffic on these waterways. Existingtransport infrastructure in the Plan area,including the Regional Highway Network, isshown on the Key Diagram.

6.5.2 At present, the majority of mineralsextracted in the Plan Area are used either in thePlan area or within short distances of ourborders. As a result, we view the potential forcommercial transportation of minerals by rail orcanal as limited. However, should this situationchange, there is a need to develop sustainabletransport alternatives, which may include arailhead, wharfage and other storage andhandling facilities for the bulk transport ofminerals by rail, sea or inland waterways. A similar need may arise for safeguarding railand water served sites for the reprocessing ofrecycled and secondary material, concrete-batching, coated materials and concreteproducts issues. Transportation of minerals bymeans other than road can deliver global andmore localised benefits, including improvementsto the local environment and to localcommunities. Alternatives to the bulktransportation of minerals by road will beencouraged. Existing or potential transport,storage, handling or reprocessing facilities willbe safeguarded where they offer the potentialfor the use of rail, water or other means totransport minerals.

This process will be included as part of the siteidentification process outlined under Section 8.

6.5.3 Some minerals, such as sand and gravel,require the greater flexibility offered by roadtransport, as markets are more local andscattered. Where road borne transportation ofminerals is the most appropriate solution, wewill ensure that efficiency improvements aremade to reduce the number of vehiclemovements required. As far as possible, alltraffic will be encouraged to use the primaryroute network (as defined in the RegionalSpatial Strategy), and this applies especially toheavy goods vehicles.



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6.5.4 As well as the potential impacts caused bytransporting minerals, mineral workingsthemselves can have a direct impact on localcommunities and the environment. As part ofour site identification process for minerals sitesand also when considering other proposals fornew minerals working, proposals will ensure that:

our natural resources including water, air,soil and biodiversity are protected from harmand opportunities are taken to enhancethem;

features and landscapes of historic andcultural importance and their settings areprotected from harm and opportunitiestaken to enhance them;

workings will not adversely contribute tofluvial flood risks or surface water flooding;

proposals for mineral workings incorporatemeasures to conserve, enhance and protectLancashire’s Landscape Character;

the amenity, health, economic well-being andsafety of the population are protected by theintroduction of high operating standards,sensitive working practices andenvironmental management systems thatminimise harm and nuisance to theenvironment and local communitiesthroughout the life of the development;

essential infrastructure and services to thepublic will be protected;

sensitive environmental restoration andaftercare of sites take place, appropriate tothe Landscape Character of the locality andthe delivery of national and local biodiversityaction plans.

6.5.5 Where mineral extraction does take place,it is important that we make the most efficientuse of those minerals. We will encourageoperators to undertake extraction efficiently, inorder to maximise the economic value of themineral and minimise waste, and to avoid thepotential for sterilisation of any furtherminerals in proximity to current workings. Ininstances where different minerals are found inthe same location, it is beneficial inenvironmental and economic terms for theminerals to be worked together. Concurrentworking will be encouraged where it isdemonstrated that this will maximise therecovery of the materials worked, includingsecondary materials.

6.5.6 The overburden produced duringquarrying is often replaced in the resultantquarry void and so, together with the subsoiland topsoil, is essential to restoration andshould not be regarded as a waste. In managingmineral waste, wastes will be used positivelywherever appropriate and will not constitute anuisance before a suitable use can be found.

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Promoting WasteMinimisation andIncreasing WasteAwareness

The following annualised targets for wastegrowth will be planned for in the Plan period:zero growth in industrial and commercial waste;1% growth in municipal waste; and 1% growthin construction and demolition waste.

All major development proposals will berequired to include details of measures tominimise the potential amounts of wastegenerated during construction and to providefor the segregation of any waste arisings to betaken off-site.

On-site waste management solutions will beencouraged during construction, particularly forthe creation of green infrastructure, to minimisethe amount of waste taken off-site.

Local communities and other stakeholders willbe involved through the plan-making processand all available information will be published toensure that decisions are based on reliable andup-to-date evidence.

Applicants will be encouraged to undertakeearly consultation with local communities toraise awareness and build consensus on theirproposals.

Local liaison groups will be established forthose minerals and waste developments whichhave the potential to impact upon the localenvironment and nearby communities.



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Section 6.6

6.6.1 We know that we cannot go on consumingour natural resources at the rates we have inthe past. As well as using up valuable finiteresources at an unsustainable rate, this bringsproblems in dealing with the wastes generated,both on a global scale by the emissions ofgreenhouse gases that our waste generates,and on a local scale by the potential nuisancecreated by the collection, transport and disposalof our waste.

6.6.2 Waste minimisation sits at the heart ofthe national waste agenda and at the ‘top’ of thewaste hierarchy. It embraces a wide range ofinitiatives, most outside the scope of land-use orspatial planning. Many of these initiatives willbe very familiar to us. Household wastecollection has been transformed over recentyears, with the separate collection of paper,glass, metals, plastics and green waste designedin part to raise awareness of waste generationand minimise wastes going to landfill. Theprovision of composting bins to households andthe switch to fortnightly collections usingspecific bins are designed to reduce theamounts of household waste to be managed.These initiatives support targets proposed forreducing municipal solid waste (or ‘MSW’) growthfrom recent rates of around 7 to 8% each year,to 1% annualised growth from 2005.

6.6.3 Across most of our Plan area residentsproduce an average amount of waste each at orbelow the national average. This is in starkcontrast to the remainder of the North WestRegion, where residents produce on averagenearly 10% more household waste per personthan the national average. The reasons for thisare unclear, although it does point to(intentionally or otherwise) a more resourceefficient population in our Plan area. It alsosuggests that the opportunity to reduce thegrowth in household waste production anyfurther may be more limited here than in otherareas of the Region.

6.6.4 In addition to these local initiatives, muchis already being done at the national level tochange the way manufacturers make theirproducts, to reduce waste generated duringtheir manufacturing processes, reduce theamounts of packaging waste, and to makeproducts out of ‘eco-friendly’ bio-degradable orrecyclable materials.

6.6.5 For MSW and industrial and commercial(or ‘I&C’) waste, these targets reflect local orelse regional targets in published wastestrategy documents. For construction,demolition and excavation (or ‘C&D’) waste thetargets indicate a small reduction on recentrates of growth (of under 2% each year) toreflect national and local initiatives to achievemore resource efficient approaches to handlingconstruction, demolition and excavationmaterials, and the opportunity to manage thesewastes on-site.

6.6.6 We have noted that municipal wastegrowth across the North West has been lowerthan the Region’s 2% annual growth target,and appears since 2001 to have essentiallystabilised. We will keep this matter under closereview, as it may indicate an opportunity torevise our waste growth predictions and mayprovide spare capacity at existing or plannedmunicipal waste facilities that could potentiallybe taken up by other waste streams. Lower thanpredicted amounts of municipal waste in thePlan period would also reduce inputs to andpressure on a diminishing landfill capacity. Thesame may be true for other waste streams andwe will monitor waste growth from all sectors.

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6.6.7 The principles of waste minimisationapply in all new developments and furtherdetails of the application of this policy arecontained in the Supplementary PlanningDocument ‘Minimising and Managing Waste inNew Developments’ (2007). This demonstrateshow the planning process in Lancashire willpromote a greater understanding andresponsibility to minimise waste, by encouragingdevelopers to minimise the waste they generateduring the design and construction of newdevelopments.

Current construction techniques have beenshown to be very inefficient with materialswasted through over-ordering, little wasteseparation on-site, and little thought tomanaging waste on-site, for example throughengineering and landscaping or in the buildingconstruction. Completing site wastemanagement plans is one approach by whichdevelopers can achieve more sustainableconstruction and waste management. All major development proposals will includedetails of measures to minimise the potentialamounts of waste generated duringconstruction and to provide for the segregationof any waste arisings to be taken off-site. On-site waste management practices will beencouraged during construction, to minimise theamount of waste taken off-site, provided thatthis is not to the detriment of recovering highvalue construction and demolition waste thatcould be put to better reuse or as recycledaggregate.

Guidance as to what constitutes majordevelopment is set out in the SupplementaryPlanning Document ‘Minimising and ManagingWaste in New Developments’ (2007)

6.6.8 This may extend to using construction,demolition and excavation materials on-site tocreate green infrastructure, such as nature andrecreational green space or public open space.Such schemes may be especially appropriatewhere urban brownfield sites are reclaimed andwhere open space provision may be lacking.

6.6.9 The targets presented above to reducethe growth in waste, and also those in thefollowing sections to do with reusing andrecycling our waste, and limiting amounts ofwaste being sent to landfill, need to besupported by the actions of our communitiesand businesses. Education, better awarenessand communication are fundamental tochanging our attitudes to waste.

6.6.10 This Core Strategy and the widerplanning process has a significant role to play ineducating, raising awareness and encouragingcommunication amongst the general public,businesses and the waste industry:

in involving all sections of the community ininfluencing solutions and delivering changesas part of plan-making;

in encouraging dialogue between developersand local communities during the formativestages of any proposal; and

in ensuring ongoing liaison between thesegroups during construction and use of thedevelopment.

6.6.11 To achieve the first of these roles, localcommunities and other stakeholders will beinvolved through the plan-making process. Allrelevant information will be made available toensure that decisions are based on reliable andup-to-date evidence.

6.612 As to the second of the roles above,applicants will be encouraged to undertakeearly community consultation with communitiesto raise awareness and build consensus on theirproposals. It is important that thiscommunication continues once developments arein place. Local liaison groups will be establishedfor those minerals and waste developmentswhich have the potential to impact upon the localenvironment and nearby communities.



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Managing our Waste as aResourcePOLICY CS7An integrated waste management strategy willbe planned for that relies on the ‘top end’ of thewaste hierarchy, to improve waste preventionand maximise re-use, recycling and composting,supported by a network of facilities providingflexibility for different technologies.

Lancashire’s Municipal Waste ManagementStrategy will be delivered through theidentification and release of sites for wastemanagement facilities.

Proposals for all new development, includingcommercial and industrial development, will berequired to provide suitable facilities for thehandling, storage and collection of segregatedwastes arising from the permanent use of thedevelopment.

The following recycling, composting and recoverytargets will be planned for in the Plan period.

(i) recycle and compost 46% of MSW by 2010, to reach 56% by 2015 and 61% by2020

(ii) additionally recover value from 18% ofMSW by 2015

(iii) recycle 35% of I&C waste by 2010, 40% by 2015 and 45% by 2020

(iv) additionally recover value from 30% of I&Cwaste by 2010, falling to 25% by 2020

(v) recycle 50% of C&D waste by 2010, 55% by 2015 and 60% by 2020

(vi) additionally recover value from 42 % ofC&D waste by 2010, falling to 35% by 2020

Provision will be made for the minimal amount ofnew landfill capacity for the disposal of residuesfrom the treatment of all wastes where nofurther value can be recovered.

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Section 6.7



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6.7.1 The way we view our waste must change.For too long, we have regarded waste as an‘end-of-pipe’ problem for someone else tomanage. Typically, that management has been bydisposal to landfill. A combination of factors todo with resource efficiency, climate change andmore localised environmental effects has turnedattention away from landfilling as an option toother solutions to manage our waste.

6.7.2 Landfilling untreated or unsorted wasteis a missed opportunity. In the waste that hasbeen sent for disposal to landfill there can besignificant quantities of valuable materials,many of which (particularly metals and oil-basedmaterials like plastics) are diminishing becauseof society’s over-exploitation, and in any casecan be difficult or environmentally damaging toextract. We cannot continue to simply wastethese resources.

6.7.3 Key to achieving better resourceefficiency is how we manage our waste in moreresourceful ways. We need to put our waste togood use, which might mean increasing its re-use, recycling, composting, and perhaps energyrecovery too.

6.7.4 The responses to our earlier consultationand our sustainability appraisal of the variouswaste management approaches available to ushas not raised one alternative approach aboveall others. Instead several alternatives havebeen supported which would complement oneanother, and combined would achieve nationaland regional policy through the waste hierarchy.An integrated waste management strategy willbe planned for that relies on the ‘top end’ of thewaste hierarchy, to improve waste preventionand maximise re-use, recycling and composting,supported by a network of facilities providingflexibility for different technologies.

6.7.5 The main components of our wastemanagement approach are:

waste prevention as our first priority,supported by better education awarenessand communication and challenging butachievable targets for reducing wastegrowth, to reduce our capacity requirementfor new waste management facilities;

the provision of new facilities to enablemaximum re-use, recycling and composting, tominimise the amounts of waste going toenergy recovery or landfill;

integrated waste management solutionswherever possible for the collection, transferand treatment of wastes, in which waste ismanaged according to its potential resourcevalue (as a commodity) rather than whoproduced it;

facilities which are conveniently located closeto the source of waste and to the(reprocessing) market as far as practicableand include the co-location of complementaryactivities to support growth in thereprocessing market;

provision that will allow for a number ofdifferent potential waste managementprocesses to retain the flexibility toaccommodate new and emergingtechnologies;

a continuing but diminishing need for landfillcapacity.

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Municipal Waste6.7.6 The Government attaches great importance

to target setting for the re-use, recycling andrecovery of our waste. It is important that we setourselves meaningful targets. Our municipalwaste already has some very ambitious targets,which go beyond the targets set in the regionalwaste strategy which forms the basis for theemerging Regional Spatial Strategy. Even thesetargets, set in our Municipal Waste ManagementStrategy for 2001-2020, are likely to be exceededby the waste network of transfer and treatmentfacilities being delivered to manage municipalwaste produced in the Plan area (see box below).Delivery of the Municipal Waste ManagementStrategy will be supported through theidentification and release of sites for wastemanagement facilities that will deliver itsobjectives.

Municipal waste management acrossLancashire and Blackpool will be provided forthrough the Lancashire Waste Network whichwill support:

1% growth in municipal waste over the Planperiod, using waste minimisation initiatives

some 60% of the waste stream recycled andcomposted, primarily through ‘three-stream’doorstep (or kerbside) collections of dryrecyclates (paper and card, glass, metals andplastics), green (garden) and kitchen waste,and residual ‘black bag’ waste

around 50% of the residual ‘black bag’waste recovered and diverted away fromlandfill through mechanical biologicaltreatment (MBT)

overall a diversion of around 80% ofmunicipal waste away from landfill

This will be delivered through a network of:

household waste recycling centres servingthe Plan area;

six new or existing transfer stations (oneinitially with a green waste compostingfacility) at Blackpool, Preston, Skelmersdale,Heysham, Clitheroe and Colne, which willreceive District collections, and bulk andtransfer waste to market or to;

initially two waste technology parks nearLeyland and Thornton, with a third plannedat Huncoat, each with an MBT facility to treatresidual waste after recyclables andcompostable wastes have been removed, anin-vessel composting facility able to treatgreen and kitchen waste, and a materialrecycling facility (MRF) to handle source-separated and co-mingled recyclates.

The programme for delivery anticipates thenetwork above operating from 2012/13, withpossible upgrades to parts of the network tointroduce MBT or green waste compostingfacilities later during the Plan period. As at2006, all parts of the network not alreadyoperating do benefit from planningpermission. Municipal waste management forBlackburn with Darwen will consider energyfrom waste/thermal treatment as possibleoptions for future waste management, butthese options will be considered along withother existing, new and emergingtechnologies. The facility is likely to be withinthe administrative boundary of Blackburnwith Darwen.



Industrial andCommercial Waste

6.7.7 Industrial and commercial (or ‘I&C’) wasteaccounts for about two-fifths of the waste weproduce as a County. As a region our target is torecycle 35% of all I&C wastes and recover value(including recycling) from at least 70% by 2020.Based on the most recent data for 2003, theregion’s recycling target has already been met,and recovery stands at just over 50%. Our owncontribution to recycling I&C waste stands at32% with overall recovery at 62%.

6.7.8 Notwithstanding the achievements already,it is understood that there remains greatopportunity and potential to increase recyclingand reuse of I&C waste still further. The currentamounts of mixed waste produced in particularmay offer potential for improving on theserecycling rates. Representing the largestproportion of commercial and industrial waste(34%) and typically consisting of unsorted paperand packaging, floor sweepings and generalrubbish, reuse and recycling of the 600,000tonnes of mixed waste produced in the Plan areais negligible at the present time, and nearly all islandfilled. This waste stream alone accounts fortwo thirds of the commercial and industrialwaste sent to landfill.

6.7.9 The rising cost of landfill will no doubtturn attention to other waste managementsolutions, but there are measures that we canencourage to enable the diversion of more wasteaway from landfill. Similar to our approach tohousehold waste, segregating (separating) asmuch of this I&C waste at its source would offerbetter opportunities for recycling, compostingand recovery, as well as providing more costeffective waste management and providing anuncontaminated and so potentially a higher valueresource.

6.7.10 Suitable facilities will be provided in allnew developments, including commercial andindustrial development, to allow for the handling,storage and collection of segregated wastesarising from the permanent use of thedevelopment.

6.7.11 We propose below to plan for a moreambitious target for recycling and reusing ourI&C wastes, beyond the regional target of 35%.Working towards the region’s 70% target forrecovering value from these wastes by placingthe focus firmly on increased recycling and reusewill also support the objectives of the wastehierarchy and may overcome issues surroundingother options for recovering value throughthermal treatment and land recovery. This targetwill be informed by ongoing research intocommercial and industrial waste production.

Construction,Demolition andExcavation Waste

6.7.12 As much as 90% of C&D waste is alreadybeing put to beneficial uses, with just under onehalf recycled as aggregate or reused as soil, anda further 25% or so put to similar uses as fill orlandscaping material on sites exempt fromlicensing controls. Of the remainder, equalproportions are used in landfill engineering andrestoration and in backfilling quarry voids and10% is disposed of to landfill, comprising mostlymixed or contaminated waste. To complementinitiatives to reduce and separate these wastesduring construction, demolition and excavationactivities, and to recognise the impact of theincreasing cost of landfill, we propose a 3% yearon year reduction in C&D waste going to landfill.The implication of this reduction for recycling andrecovery of C&D waste are shown in the followingtable.

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Other Wastes6.7.13 We have not attempted at this time to

develop targets for the management ofhazardous wastes or low-level or very low-levelradioactive waste produced in our Plan area,due to their variable amounts and compositionand the often very specialised wastemanagement processes used to treat thesewastes. Rather than attempting to quantify theamounts of hazardous and radioactive wastethat will be managed by these different means(recycling, composting, recovery, and landfill) ourproposals to provide criteria for consideringproposals for managing these wastes (includingthrough disposal to landfill) are detailed in thenext section.

6.7.14 The following recycling, composting andrecovery targets will be planned for in the Plan period.

6.7.15 Properly managed landfill will continueto have a role in any future waste managementnetwork, although its role (and therefore itscapacity and land-take) will be much smaller, andwill increasingly be limited to landfilling theresidues from other waste treatments. In amore limited number of cases, there is likely tobe a continuing need for the disposal of certainhazardous and low-level radioactive wastes thatdo not have any resource value. Provision willbe made for the minimal amount of landfillcapacity for the disposal of residues from thetreatment of all wastes where no further valuecan be recovered.

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Proposed Recycling, Composting andTreatment Targets

by 2010 by 2015 by 2020

Municipal

Recycling andcomposting 46% 56% 61%

Treatment and recovery 0% 18% 18%

Industrial and Commercial

Recycling andcomposting 35% 40% 45%


Construction and Demolition

Recycling 50% 55% 60%


Identifying Capacity forManaging ourWastePOLICY CS8Our waste management needs will be met by:

(i) identifying a network of major wastemanagement facilities sited at strategiclocations;

(ii) identifying and prioritising other locations,including industrial sites, which may besuitable for facilities and which would allowwaste to be managed close to its source;

(iii)developing criteria for considering smallerscale facilities;

(iv) identifying generic locations for localcommunity facilities

Potential sites and areas will be identified withindustry and landowners and otherstakeholders, and appraised for their suitabilityfor accommodating future waste managementcapacity.

The Plan area will be net self-sufficient in wastemanagement capacity by 2021.

Criteria will be identified for consideringproposals for waste management facilities(including landfill) for hazardous andradioactive waste, to include the proposal’scontribution to achieving net-self sufficiency.

Provision will be made for sufficient new wastemanagement facilities to meet predicted wastecapacity requirements for the Plan area to 2020.

Provision will be made, as necessary, for thepredicted total landfill capacity requirementsfor non-hazardous waste during the Planperiod.

The capacity and distribution of existing andplanned provision for the use and disposal ofinert waste in landfill and quarry voids will beassessed as part of the site selection process, to ensure an adequate, available and accessiblecapacity of sites to handle inert waste.



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Section 6.8

6.8.1 In order to achieve the targets wepropose for managing waste as a resource (inthe previous section) we must ensure anadequate and timely provision of suitable wastefacilities across the Plan area. The locationalrequirements for these different wastemanagement facilities will vary and may reflect:

the nature of the waste and treatmentprocess;

the land-take of the facility;

the need for close and convenient access tothe source of waste;

access to the primary network and potentialfor rail movement for larger strategicfacilities, to enable the efficient movement ofrecovered materials or residual waste to itsfinal destination; and

the potential for environmental nuisance,such as noise, dust and vibration.

6.8.2 These and other detailed locationalconsiderations will inform the preparation ofsite specific allocations and development controlpolicies that will together provide for futurewaste management capacity. The broad areas ofsearch for this capacity are shown on the KeyDiagram, according to the main waste producingareas (also see section 6.9).

6.8.3 The waste management needs of the Planarea will be met by:

identifying a network of major wastemanagement facilities sited in strategiclocations;

identifying and prioritising other locations,including industrial sites, which may besuitable for facilities and which would allowwaste to be managed close to its source;

developing criteria for considering smallerscale facilities;

identifying generic locations for localcommunity facilities.

6.8.4 A key driver for considering newproposals through this plan-making process(and thereafter on unallocated sites) will be theneed for the facility. This will necessitatethorough and ongoing monitoring of existingand planned waste management capacity toestablish the need for new facilities. In certaininstances, a need for additional wastemanagement capacity may outweigh othermaterial considerations. This emphasises theimportance of providing an adequate andflexible range of sites and areas, through sitespecific and criteria-based planning policies, toaccommodate the Plan area’s capacityrequirements.

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6.8.5 We do not propose to pursue a sievingexercise that uses ‘no go’ or constrained areasto exclude areas from our search, and identify‘unconstrained’ areas for potential future wastefacilities, because in our view the value of suchan exercise would be limited. On the one hand,other than limiting the exercise to higher tierplanning constraints, such an exercise mayexclude locations where mitigation measurescould potentially overcome any potential impacts.On the other hand, the scale of geographicalarea remaining after such an exercise in a Planarea the size of ours would be considerable andwould not assist in focussing in on anyparticular locations. Instead, potential sites andareas will be identified and appraised for theirsuitability for future waste managementcapacity. The method we propose to follow isdescribed in Section 8.

Estimating theCapacity to Plan for

6.8.6 We estimate that the Plan area producedaround 4.7 million tonnes of waste in 2003/04.Similar to other areas, our data on industrialand commercial waste and on construction anddemolition waste in particular may not reflectthe up-to-date situation, and research currentlyunderway will improve this information. Ourwaste is composed of:

6.8.7 Based on the assumptions or targets wepropose for waste growth, we predict thefollowing annualised amounts of wasteproduction over the Plan period for the majorwaste streams. These amounts broadly matchthose set out in emerging Regional SpatialStrategy for the North West. In addition tothese amounts, there will continue to berelatively small amounts of hazardous andradioactive waste produced in the Plan area.



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Waste Arisings in the Plan Area, 2003/04(000 tonnes)

TotalArisings

Recycled/ Com-posted

OtherTreat-ment/Recovery

Land-filled

Municipal ,798 ,237 , 0 ,561

I&C 1,782 ,566 ,531 ,685

C&D(estimated) 2,200 1,034 ,950 ,216

Hazardous ,165 ,026 ,122 ,017

Total 4,945 1,863 1,603 1,479

6.8.8 The Plan Area has numerous facilitiescurrently providing for the collection, treatment,transfer and disposal of our waste managementneeds. Waste facilities currently available toaccept waste (at 2005) are:

26 household waste recycling centres

73 other transfer stations (taking hazardouswastes, clinical waste and other non-biodegradable waste)

69 metal recycling facilities (including vehicledismantlers and end of life vehicle facilities)

6 materials recycling facilities (MRFs)

3 composting facilities

11 other treatment facilities

3 incinerators

7 inhouse storage facilities and landfills

26 other licensed landfill sites

6.8.9 Currently these facilities deal with most ofthe waste generated in the Plan Area at somestage in the waste management process. In2003/04 4.1 million tonnes of waste was putthrough waste facilities in the Plan area,including around 1 million tonnes throughtransfer stations and our household wasterecycling centres, and 2.7 million tonnesdisposed of to landfill.

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Predicted Waste Arisings, (average 000’stonnes per year)

2006-2010

2011-2015

2016-2020

Municipal ,843 ,886 ,931

I&C 1,782 1,782 1,782

C&D(estimated) 2,358 2,479 2,605

Hazardous ,165 ,165 165

Total 5,148 5,173 5,440

Inputs to Waste Facilities in the Plan area (000s tonnes in 2003/04)

Transfer and civic amenity sites(household waste recycling centres) 1,067

Metal recycling facilities 126

Material recycling facilities (MRFs) 65

Composting facilities 32

Physical and biological treatment facilities 28

Incineration 42

Landfill 2,742

Total 4,102