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I S S U E 1 V O L U M E 1 S U M M E R 1 9 9 7

Focus On BostonHeatcraft Commercial Products has built an

industry-wide reputation as a supplier who meets

the demands of its customers. “We custom build –

guaranteed to fit – replacement coils according to

original specifications and we can ship them in as little

as 48 hours. That’s a guarantee we strive to maintain,”

explains Commercial Products Sales and Marketing

Manager Mark Lein. Recently, the Heatcraft guarantee

paid off for Richard Maloney of Air Control Products in

Boston, Massachusetts.

ONE BEACON STREET

Installing Contractor: Performance Piping

When the chilled water system responsible for

cooling One Beacon Street in Boston needed a major

retrofit of cooling coils, the management company had

one major concern – minimizing the inconvenience to

the building’s tenants.

One Beacon Street is a 40-story high-rise located

just a stone’s throw away from the Bull and Finch Pub,

the setting for the long-running television show, Cheers.

Over 1000 employees go to work in the building each

day, so it was vital that the cooling system was

overhauled after hours.

Ken Grant who works for One Beacon Street’s

management company, The R.M. Bradley Company,

contacted the local Heatcraft representative, Richard

Maloney of Air Control Products, to do the job. Grant

was concerned that the piping connected to the original

coils would need to be reworked before the new

replacement coils would fit into the system – a common

occurrence when replacing coils. Grant worried this

would be a major factor in the time needed to retrofit

the system. So he felt the replacement of the coils should

be done in stages.

His first order, consisting of eight Heatcraft coils,

was delivered in time for the installation which was

scheduled after working hours. The first installation went

very smoothly. The Heatcraft coils were a true “made to

fit” replacement – eliminating the need for the installing

contractor to modify the piping and sheet metal.

“Our experience with Heatcraft and Richard

Maloney was so positive, we decided to speed up the

replacement of all the coils – over 40,” said Grant. The

job was originally scheduled to occur over a period of

two years but was actually completed in 12 months.

The remaining coils were built and installed with no

complaints – from the management company or from

the residents. One Beacon Street is now “one cool place.”

ONE BEACON STREET

MECHANICAL ROOM AT ONE BEACON STREET

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Welcome!Welcome readers! We hope you enjoy the first

issue of The Fin Press, a bi-annual newsletter published

for Heatcraft’s Commercial Products customers. In

addition to other interesting news, this issue features

two cases studies about some interesting applications

in Boston and an article about reducing galvanic

corrosion.

Please note the Coil Clinic reply card on page seven.

The Coil Clinic can answer your service or maintenance

questions. If you have a question, concern or comment

simply write the questions down and drop the card in

the mail. Your question will be routed to the appropriate

professional and answers to selected questions will be

published. If you would like your question published in

the next issue be sure and return your reply card by July 11.

Congratulations go to Mark Hartman of Breck-Mar

Sales and Service in Ottowa, Ontario. He thought of the

winning publication name, The Fin Press. As well as

industry fame, Mark and his colleagues received fifty

Heatcraft mouse pads printed with metric conversions

for his efforts.

French Named

Heatcraft Inc.

President and COOLennox International Inc., Heatcraft’s parent

company, recently announced Ed French will take on

the assignment as President and COO of Heatcraft Inc.,

in addition to his role as President and COO of

Armstrong Air Conditioning Inc. Ultimately, French will

relinquish the Armstrong position and move his full

attention to Heatcraft.

John W. Norris, Jr., Lennox International Chairman

of the Board and CEO explained that Lennox

International’s move into the world markets with the

formation of Lennox Global Ltd. (LGL) has been

tremendously successful. It has grown so rapidly that

our initial plan to have the President and COO of LGL,

Bob Jenkins, retain the Heatcraft president role cannot

continue. “In trying to determine what to do, we found

ourselves perched on the real dilemma of doing what’s

best for both Armstrong and Heatcraft. In the end, Ed’s

deep refrigeration experience makes him our obvious

choice to head Heatcraft,” said Norris. “At the moment

we have not selected the next leader of Armstrong and,

until we do, Ed will be both the President and COO of

Armstrong and the President and COO of Heatcraft.”

French is no stranger to Heatcraft. Before joining

Armstrong as President and COO in 1995, he served as

Vice President and General Manager of Heatcraft’s

Refrigeration Products Division, where he was

responsible for all operations. The division

manufactures and markets commercial refrigeration

products under the Climate Control, Chandler, Larkin

and BOHN brand names.

With over $1.3 billion in sales worldwide, Lennox

International Inc. is the parent of four independently

operated subsidiaries: Heatcraft Inc. Lennox Industries

Inc., Armstrong Air Conditioning Inc. and Lennox

Global Ltd.

ED FRENCH, HEATCRAFT INC. PRESIDENT AND COO

2

THE WORLD TRADE CENTER

Installing Contractor: Commonwealth Heating and

Air Conditioning.

Boston’s World Trade Center’s main hall is booked

year-round for conventions, trade shows and special

events. Therefore, maintaining a comfortable inside

temperature is a priority for the facility’s management

company, Balco Technical & Energy (BTE).

Last July, when Boston’s temperatures soared into

the nineties, the temperatures inside the World Trade

Center were also soaring out of comfort range. After

inspecting the facility’s water cooled condensing units, it

was discovered that four of the units had leaking coils.

The original bare tube coils installed in the units were

bent and leaking, – (bare tube coils are built without

fins or casings). The cooling system needed a total of 16

replacement coils.

First, BTE called the original equipment

manufacturer of the units to acquire the replacement

coils they needed. But BTE wanted to strengthen the

replacement coils and requested the new coils be

redesigned and built with casings. The coils’ face area of

30” x 70” needed a casing to support and increase the

rigidity of the coils, which in turn would increase the life

cycle of the coils. The original manufacturer was unable

to build the replacement coils to the new specifications.

Next, BTE called Richard Maloney at Air Control

Products. After inspecting the units, Maloney explained

Heatcraft could manufacture the coils and recom-

mended the casing be constructed with stainless steel

which would support the coils and resist corrosion.

Since The World Trade Center is almost constantly

booked with shows and events, the window of

opportunity to install the coils was very small. Because

the replacement coils did have to be redesigned with a

casing, BTE decided to order and install only one set of

four coils to ensure they would fit and operate

effectively before ordering the remaining 12 coils.

Maloney notified Heatcraft to schedule the delivery of

the coils to arrive on a Friday. Installation was set for the

following Saturday when the convention

hall happened to be vacant. The coils fit perfectly,

performed up to BTE’s expectation and Maloney was

given the go-ahead to immediately place the order for

the additional 12 replacement coils.

F O C U S O N B O S T O N c o n t i n u e d

UNIT WHERE COILS ARE BEING INSTALLED

THE WORLD TRADE CENTER – BOSTON

CRANE LIFTING COIL INTO UNIT

3

Heatcraft Introduces

Stainless Steel and

Carbon Steel CoilsHeatcraft Commercial Products has expanded their

product offering for the OEM, industrial processing and

replacement markets by incorporating stainless and

carbon steel tubes and fins into their existing line of

coils. The combination of copper, cupro-nickel, stainless

steel or carbon steel tubes with fins made of stainless

steel, carbon steel, copper or aluminum ensures

customers can have their “coil of choice.”

CONSTRUCTION Each coil utilizes all welded

construction. Hairpin tube construction will be used

whenever possible eliminating unnecessary joints. Heavy

pipe connections and headers are also completely

welded. ASME Section-II listed materials, calculated to

Section-VIII requirements, apply to all pressure holding

components used in the construction. All the coils are

leak-tested using 500 psig air under warm water for

steam coils and 350 psig for all other coils.

QUALITY Heatcraft is a certified and registered ISO-

9002 manufacturer guaranteeing manufacturing

processes which set the standard for quality and

durability. Our dedicated manufacturing processes

assure coils are being produced under the strictest

guidelines and guarantee the finest quality industrial

duty coil available.

Using a combination of copper, cupro-nickel,

stainless steel or carbon steel tubes with fins made of

stainless steel, carbon steel, copper or aluminum, coils

can be designed to meet most any application. Below

are some examples:

LIQUID HEATING & COOLING Applications

where systems use brine type heating and cooling fluids,

where systems are exposed to high temperature or pressure

or where there is a corrosive environment.

EVAPORATOR Applications for direct expansion

or liquid pump over-feed. Coils are designed and

manufactured for current and CFC replacement

refrigerants as well as ammonia. The coils feature all

welded construction.

STEAM High pressure applications where copper or

cupro-nickel is unacceptable. The coils are designed to

give excellent service in corrosive air side environments

as well as systems where poor quality steam is present.

Typical industries where carbon and stainless steel

coils are used are: processing plants, cold storage, power

plants, test chambers and clean rooms.

Steam, liquid heating, cooling and refrigeration

coils are custom designed to meet customer

specifications. Whether the application requires a coil

that is resistant to corrosive environments, easy to

maintain or simply long lasting, Heatcraft can now

provide the customer with their “coil of choice.”

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STAINLESS/CARBON STEEL COIL

N E W P R O D U C T S

4

ControllingGalvanic CorrosionBY PAUL J. GUARIGLIA

APPLICATIONS ENGINEER, COMMERCIAL COILS

Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar

metals or alloys are in contact in the presence of an

electrolyte. The key word to keep in mind about

corrosion is rate. Nearly all metals corrode in natural

environments. Factors ranging from the environment

where the equipment will be installed to the type of

tube connections, ferrous (carbon steel) or non-ferrous

(copper or brass), can affect the rate at which metals

corrode. Proper coil selections can be made only after

the environment where the coil will be operating is

completely understood.

THE GALVANIC SERIES Dissimilar metals

coupled together in an electrolyte (a solution through

which an electric current can flow) possess a difference

in electrical potential or voltage. The difference is related

in the galvanic series (see Table 1). Note that the galvanic

series has two ends – one end is the anodic or least noble

and the other is the cathodic or most noble. In an

electrolyte, the anodic end will corrode or dissolve into

metal ions and electrons. The cathodic end will not

corrode. A common battery operates on the same

principle. As the battery is used, the anode corrodes and

over time the battery becomes ineffective.

The further apart the metals and alloys are listed

from each other in the galvanic series, the greater the

electrical potential. The greater the electrical potential,

the greater the likelihood substantial galvanic corrosion

will occur. For example, copper and carbon steel are

separated by several metals listed in the galvanic series,

so it is assumed choosing a carbon steel connection on a

copper header would be a poor choice – not necessarily.

The position of metals in the galvanic series is not

enough to determine whether corrosion will occur at a

rate which will shorten the normal life cycle of a coil or

the connection material. Several additional factors

influence galvanic corrosion such as relative areas of the

galvanic materials, composition of the electrolyte and the

presence of oxygen.

Corroded end (anodic or least noble)Magnesium

Magnesium alloysZinc

Aluminum 1100Cadmium

Aluminum 2017Steel or iron

Cast ironChromium-iron (active)

Ni-Resist18-8 chromium-nickel-iron (active)

18-8-3 chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron (active)

Lead-tin soldersLeadTin

Nickel (active)Inconel (active)

Hastelloy C (active)Brass

CopperBronzes

Copper-nickel alloysMonel

Silver solderNickel (passive)

Inconel (passive)Chromium-iron (passive)

18-8 chromium-nickel-iron (passive)18-8-3 chromium-nickel-

molybdenum-iron (passive)Hastelloy C (passive)

SilverGraphite

GoldPlatinum

Protected end (cathodic)

THESE METALS ARE ARRANGED

BY THEIR TENDENCY TO

CORRODE GALVANICALLY

TABLE 1

F E A T U R E

5

1. THE RELATIVE AREAS OF THE GALVANIC MATERIAL

When the relative area of the cathode is great

compared to that of the anode, the rate of corrosion will

be high. The extra area provided by the cathode will

create higher current densities resulting in increased

corrosion. When the relative area of the anode is great

compared to that of the cathode, the rate of corrosion

will be slow. The small surface area of the cathode

results in low current densities and slow corrosion.

Therefore, if the supply and return piping for the coil

are carbon steel, using carbon steel connections is

generally not a problem. The total surface area of the

connection and supplemental piping (the anode) is

greater than the copper in the coil (the cathode), so

corrosion will occur slowly.

A dielectric coupling (a non-conducting insulator)

placed between the carbon steel connection and the

supplemental piping isolates the carbon steel connection

resulting in a small anodic area and a large cathodic

area. Therefore, the connection will be more likely to

fail. If the supply and return piping for the system are

copper, a carbon steel connection can rapidly

deteriorate and fail due to the unfavorable ratio.

2. THE COMPOSITION OF THE ELECTROLYTE

An electrolyte is the solution through which a

current flows. The flow supports an atmosphere for

galvanic corrosion whenever two dissimilar metals come

in contact with one another. For instance, water is the

electrolyte when using a water coil. Pure water alone will

not conduct electricity and will not promote galvanic

corrosion. It is actually the dissolved components

floating in the water which determine whether or not it

is a strong or weak electrolyte. Weak electrolytes

produce weak galvanic reactions. Strong electrolytes

produce strong galvanic reactions. In general, coils

utilizing fresh water do not suffer from severe galvanic

corrosion. Water treatment specialists should be

consulted prior to the start-up or installation of any

system utilizing water.

3. THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

Oxygen is an oxidizing agent soluble in water. It will

use electrons given up by the anode and greatly increase

the rate of corrosion. The lack of oxygen will not

eliminate the occurrence of galvanic corrosion. Oxygen

is merely an enhancing agent.

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SF E A T U R E c o n t i n u e d

GALVANIC CORROSION BETWEEN A COPPERHEADER AND A CARBON STEEL CONNECTION

CORROSION AT THE INTERFACE BETWEENTHE END PLATE AND COPPER TUBING

6

USING THE RIGHT CONNECTIONMATERIALS It is necessary to use the right

connection materials so the coil and the connection are

properly matched to their working environment. A very

good example is the use of aluminum fins on copper

tubes. Unknown to many people is the fact that

Aluminum Alloy 1100, the alloy commonly used for

plate style fins, is more reactive in the galvanic series

with copper than carbon steel. Why is it that no one

seems to question its use with copper? Much like using

carbon steel connections on copper headers, the rate of

corrosion is slow to the point that it does not affect the

normal life cycle of the coil. The electrolyte (the

condensate) is normally a weak electrolyte which leads

to poor galvanic corrosion. Also, much like the carbon

steel connections on copper headers, when exposed to

the wrong environment, it will corrode quite rapidly

due to galvanic corrosion. Such is the case in salt laden

atmospheres. Under such conditions, copper tube/

copper fin coils or copper tube/aluminum fin coils with

a protective coating should be specified. Another good

example is the use of carbon steel connections on steam

coils. The steam in the system has gone through a

distillation process (it has been boiled) leaving behind

many impurities making both the steam and condensate

a weak electrolyte. A properly designed steam system is

well vented leaving little oxygen (a non-condensable)

which is a corrosion enhancing agent. Galvanic

corrosion is rarely a problem in steam coils. Our

recommendation, based upon experience with hundreds

of thousands of fluid and steam coils, is to use ferrous

connections on piping systems employing carbon steel

pipe and red brass connections on piping systems

employing non-ferrous tubing or pipe.

Heatcraft, Inc. offers a variety of coil and

connection materials and configurations to satisfy

all of its customer’s needs.

BUSINESS REPLY MAILFIRST CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 467 DALLAS, TEXAS

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE

LENNOX INTERNATIONAL INC.ATTN: PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPARTMENTP.O. BOX 799900DALLAS TX 75379-9955

NO POSTAGENECESSARY IFMAILED IN THEUNITED STATES

GALVANIC CORROSION OF FINS AND END PLATERESULTING FROM A SALT-LADEN ENVIRONMENT

T H E F I N P R E S S

The Fin Press is published bi-annually

for the customers and colleagues of

Heatcraft’s Commercial Products

Division by Lennox International Inc.’s

Communications and Public Relations

department. Heatcraft Inc. is a

subsidiary Lennox International Inc.

All correspondence should be directed to:

Jane Tetley Scott, Editor Communications and Public Relations

Karen O’Shea, Vice President Communications and Public Relations

Lennox International Inc.2100 Lake Park Blvd.

Richardson, TX 75080.

DO YOU have a service or maintenance question or concern? Or perhaps you have a good suggestion for afeature article in a future issue of The Fin Press. If you do, take a minute to write down your questions, ideasor comments and we will route them to the appropriate Heatcraft professional and publish selected responses.Be sure and return the replay card by July 11.

Your Name

Name of Business

Street

City State Zip

Phone

Please answer my question in the Coil Clinic.

Please consider the following topic for a feature story.

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