Cosmic Anisotropy: A History of the Axis of Evil

7/23/2019 Cosmic Anisotropy: A History of the Axis of Evil

1/9

ME]HCM DLC]EY_E[S6

D GC]YE_S EB YG@ DWC] EB @RCN

IDHCDL _. ]EQCL]JCID_YHEPYG MENN@A@ I@[D_YH@LY EB [GS]CM] & D]Y_ELEHS

Melt`lts

4. Cltreiumtcel dli Ev`rvc`w ??. Yg` Meshcm Hcmrewdv` Odmjareuli ==. Eos`rvcla tg` Dxcs eb @vcn 99. Ygèr`tcmdn Clarìc`lts ber Dlcsetrepy 20. [gyscmdn Hei`ns 72. Dpp`licx6 Qcal`r =f ]yhoens 7_`b`r`lm`s 3

Dostrdmt. El` eb tg` hdfer dssuhptcels tgdt ae`s clte hei`rl idy mesheneay cs tgdt eb csetrepy.Ct cs dssuhì tgdt tg` Plcv rs`, el tg` ndra st eb smdn s, cs tg` sdh` cl `v ry icr`mtcel. Eos rvdtcelseb tg` Meshcm Hcmrewdv` Odmjareuli, tg` r`ncm rdicdtcel ber tg` `pemg eb r`mehocldtcel, mdl g`np ust`st tgcs dssuhptcel. Csetrepy cs `qucvdn`lt te sdycla tgdt tg` `xpdlscel me`mc`lts eb tg` t`hp`rdtur`preffln` eb tg` MHO dr` irdwl breh icstrcoutcels tgdt ie let i`p`li el tg` z-mehpel`lt eb dlaundrheh`ltuh. Cl tgcs pdp`r w` wcnn neej dt tg` gcstery eb MHO h`dsur`h`lts, dli cl pdrtcmundr tges`tgdt fflli dl ulncj`ny te o` rdlieh merr`ndtcel o`tw``l new n huntcpen`s. Ygcs merr`ndtcel peclts tewdrisd or`djcla eb csetrepy, dli tg` stdtcstcmdn brdh`werj l`m`ssdry te o` don` te mdptur` tgcs dlcsetrepywcnn o` r`vc`wì. Icsmusscels eb pesscon` pgyscmdn h`mgdlcshs wcnn bennew.

Idt`6 Hdrmg 7, ?;4=.

4


2/9

? IDHCDL _. ]EQCL]JC ID_YHEPYG MENN@A@ I@[D_YH@LY EB [GS]CM] & D]Y_ELEHS

Breh eur geh` el tg` @drtg, w` neej eut clte tg` icstdlm`s dli strcv` te chdacl` tg` sert eb

werni clte wgcmg w` dr` oerl.. . Out wctg clmr dscla icstdlm eur jlewnìa` bdi s, dli bdi`s

rdpciny, ultcn dt tg` ndst ich gerczel w` s`drmg dhela agestny `rrers eb eos`rvdtcels ber ndli-

hdrjs tgdt dr smdrm ny her` suostdltcdn. Yg` s`drmg wcnn meltclu`. Yg` ura cs eni`r tgdl

gcstery. Ct cs let sdtcsfflì dli ct wcnn let o` suppr ss i.

-@iwcl Guoon`, ndst pdrdardpg eb gcs ndst puoncsgì smc`ltcfflm pdp`r, Yg` Ndw eb _ì ]gcbts (AèraÌdrwcl N`mtur`), Heltgny Letcm`s eb tg` _eydn Dstrelehcmdn ]emc`ty, venuh` 44=, 430=

4. Cltreiumtcel dli Ev`rvc`w

Iurcla tg` ?;tg m`ltury tg` ffl`ni eb mesheneayhdturì breh d sp`mundtcv` pgcnesepgy te d tgè-r`tcmdnny idtd ircv`l smc`lm . Clmr dsclany sepgcs-tcmdtì eos`rvdtceldn h`tgeis a`l`rdtì dl `v rarewcla pcn` eb `vci`lm` cl suppert eb tg` stdlidrihei`n eb mesheneay6 MIH meupnì wctg Cldtcel.

Yg` tgèry i`smrco`s tg` Plcv rs` uli`raeclad p`rcei eb rdpci `xpdlscel wgcmg cs ircv`l oy d

smdndr ffl`ni jlewl ds tg` cldtel. Ds tgcs ffl`ni rennsiewl cts pet`ltcdn, ct ircv`s cldtcel, mduscla tgùlcv rs` te `xpdli dt dl `xpel`ltcdn rdt . Mel-strdclì oy eos`rvdtcels, tgcs prem`ss hust emmurber dt n`dst 2; `-beniclas o`ber` tg` cldtel s`ttn`ste tg` hclchuh eb cts pet`ltcdn dli i`mdys, mel-v`rtcla cts `l`ray clte etg`r pdrtcmn`s dli a`l`rdt-cla tg` tg`rhdn odtg eb hdtt`r dli rdicdtcel fflnnclatg` Plcv`rs`.

Dbt`r tg` i`mdy eb tg` cldtel, spdm` meltclu`ste `xpdli, tgeuag dt d bdr n`ss irdstcm rdt` tgdliurcla cldtcel. D mels`qu`lm` eb tgcs `xpdlscelcs tg` meencla eb tg` tg`rhdn odtg, ultcn `v`ltu-

dnny, dbt r doeut =;;,;;; y`drs, ct cs meni `leuagber `n`mtrels te o` mdpturì oy pretels te berhlùtrdn dtehs tgdt tg` tg`rhdn odtg cs tee menite celcz` dadcl. Ds `ltcr` swdtg`s eb spdm su-muho te l`dtrdncty, pgetels fflli tg`hs nv`s br``breh tg` melffllcla ardsp eb br`` mgdra`s. Le nela`ro`cla festnì oy br`` `n`mtrels dli pretels, tg`s`pgetels oàcl tg`cr nela feurl`y, trdv`nncla dmressadradltudl icstdlm`s ev`r tg` meurs` eb ocnncels eby`drs, ultcn tg`y fflli tg`hs nv s chpclacla upelhdl hdi` i`t mters. Oy tg` tch` tg`y r`dmg us,tg`y gdv` rìsgcbtì, iu` te tg` `xpdlscel eb spdm`,

clte tg` hcmrewdv` ràch`, dli mdrry wctg tg`h cl-berhdtcel doeut wgdt tg` Plcv`rs` wds ncj` iurclatgcs `pemg eb r`mehocldtcel. Ygcs wdnn eb ncagttgdt ardm`s eur i`t`mters cl `v`ry icr`mtcel tgdt wàdz` cs mdnnì tg` Meshcm Hcmrewdv` Odmjareuli.

[`lzcds dli Qcnsel dlleulmì tg` h`dsur`h`lteb tg` MHO cl 4320. H`dsur`h`lts eb cts t`hp`r-dtur` sgewì tgdt ct cs gcagny csetrepcm, h`dlclatg` sdh` cl `v`ry icr mtcel. Gew`v r, peclts clpendr eppesct` icr`mtcel el tg` sjy gdv` let gdi`leuag tch` te o` cl mdusdn meltdmt wctg el` dl-etg`r, se gew ie tg`y jlew te o` dt tg` sdh`t`hp`rdtur`5 Cldtcel cs d l`m`ssdry clarìc`ltercacldnny cltreiumì oy Autg cl 437;, dli ]dtecl 4374, te senv` tgcs nela stdlicla meluliruh cl

Mesheneay jlewl ds tg` Gerczel [reon`h. Cld-tcel dlsw`rs tgcs qu`stcel oy dnnewcla ber dnn pecltste o` cl mdusdn meltdmt wctg el` dletg`r clctcdnny6D shdnn tg`rhdnczì pdtmg eb tg` pr`-cldtceldryPlcv`rs` cldt`s te o`meh` tg` gehea`leus dligcagny csetrepcm Meshes tgdt w` s`` teidy el tg`ndra`st eb smdn`s.

Cl 437= tg` ]evc`t Plcel s`lt up tg` _@NCJY-4 sdt`nnct` te h`dsur` tg` MHO her` dmmurdt`ny,dli ndt`r dldnyscs eb tgcs idtd sgewì d mn dr

icpen` scaldtur`. Iu` te tg` or`djup eb tg` su-p`r pew`r, gew`v r, tgcs idtd wds let r`n dsìultcn 433?, dli tg` pndllì ndulmg eb _@NCJY-? wds smrdppì. Yg` MEO@ sdt`nct , s`lt up cl4373, puoncsgì cts = y`dr idtd breh tg` BC_D]dli IH_ clstruh`lts dli melmnuscv`ny sgewì cl-gehea`l`ctc`s cl tg` odmjareuli el tg` eri`r ebY/Y 4;0. Yg`s hclut` t`hp`rdtur` umtu-dtcels dr` tg` s`ìs tgdt `v`ltudnny berhì cltetg` melaneh`rdtcels eb adndxc`s tgdt w` s`` teidy.Meni`r ràcels merr`speli te pertcels eb tg` ulc-v`rs` tgdt w`r` ev`ri`ls`, dli uli`r tg` berm` eb

ardvcty weuni oàcl te menndps` te berh strumtur`.Burtg`r dldnyscs clicmdtì tgdt tg` prchericdn seupsgeuni dnse gdv` suppertì seuli wdv`s, tg`cr pre-peadtcel d`mtcla tg` icstrcoutcel eb get dli menispets. Cl 4333 tg` YEME, OEEH@_DLA dliHdxchd `xp`rch`lts sgewì melmnuscv eos`rvd-tceldn `vci`lm` ber tg`s` Odryel dmeustcm esmcnnd-tcels.

?;;4 sdw tg` ndulmg eb QHD[, d sdt`nct` wctg90 tch`s tg` s`lsctcvcty eb MEO@ dli == tch`s tg`dlaundr r`senutcel. Cts 3 y`dr idtd acv s us tg`hest pr`mcs` vdnu`s ber hdly Plcv`rsdn pdrdh`t`rs,clmnuicla tg` da` eb tg` Plcv`rs`, tg` Guoon` mel-

stdlt, dli tg` hdtt`r, idrj hdtt`r, idrj `l rayrdtces. [ndlmj, ndulmgì cl ?;;3, wctg 4; tch`s tg`s`lsctcvcty dli = tch`s tg` dlaundr r`senutcel, wcnnput `v`l her` strcla`lt oeulis el mesheneacmdn pd-rdh`t`rs wg`l cts = y`dr idtd cs r`n`dsì el Hdrmg?4, ?;4=.

El` eb tg` hest cltrcaucla t`sts eb tg` meshestgreuag h`dsur`h`lts eb tg` MHO cs tg` pestundtèb csetrepy, wgcmg w` wcnn icsmuss cl humg her` i`-tdcn tgreuageut tg` bennewcla s`mtcels. Yg` dssuhp-tcel stdt`s tgdt dnn icr`mtcels cl spdm` dr` tg` sdh`.Ygcs mdl o` sgewl te trdlsndt` clte tg` stdt`h`lt

tgdt tg` `xpdlscel me`mc`lts eb tg` t`hp`rdtur`ffl`ni dr` irdwl breh icstrcoutcels tgdt i`p`li se-n`y el tg` dlaundr heh`ltuh qudltuh luho`r,n


3/9

ME]HCM DLC]EY_E[S6 D GC]YE_S EB YG@ DWC] EB @RCN =

, dli let tg` hdal`tcm qudltuh luho`r, h. Ygcsh`dls tgdt tg` gdrhelcms tgdt hdj` up d pdrtcm-undr huntcpen` ie let merr`ndt` wctg tg` gdrhelcmseb dletg`r huntcpen`. ]urprcsclany, eos`rvdtcels ebtg` new`r huntcpen`s s``h te clicmdt` d gcag n`v`neb dncalh`lt tgdt mdl o` runì eut ds o`cla pur`

mgdlm` dt tg` 33.330% melffli`lm` n`v`n.Yg` icsmev`ry eb d pr`b`rrì dxcs cl tg` new`r

huntcpen`s gds n`di te d ar`dt i`dn eb tgèr`tcmdnwerj cl trycla te uli`rstdli gew csetrepy mdl oòrej l el d mesheneacmdn smdn`. Acv`l tg` chper-tdlm` eb sumg d icsmev`ry, tg` mehhulcty wds qucmjte acv` tgcs pr`b`rrì icr`mtcel tg` wgchscmdn ldhèb dl Dxcs eb @vcn. Cl tg` bennewcla s`mtcels w`wcnn `xdhcl` tg` `vci`lm` ber tg` De@ dli tg` std-tcstcmdn brdh`werj l`m`ssdry te mdptur` ct. Ywe icb-b`r`lt smg`h`s wcnn o` usì, d berh cl wgcmg tg`dlcsetrepy cs diictcv`, dli el` cl wgcmg ct cs huntc-

pncmdtcv`. Yg`cr ``mts el huntcpen` dnncalh`lt wcnno` icsmussì. ]eh` pesscon` pgyscmdn h`mgdlcshsber tgcs pg`leh`lel wcnn o` h`ltcelì, ds hei`noucni`rs mdl meh` up wctg tg`s` dt d ich` d iez`l.

?. Yg` Meshcm Hcmrewdv` Odmjareuli

Melsci`r tg` t`hp`rdtur` eb tg` sjy ds d bulm-tcel eb icr`mtcel, l. [r`mcs` h`dsur`h`lts eb tg`MHO fflli tgdt tg` t`hp`rdtur` cs ulcberh dt dp-prexchdt`ny ?.1?00 ;.;;;2J, wctg vdrcdtcels dt4;0J. Yg` t`hp rdtur` hdp cs icspndyì cl ffla-ur` 4. Heiicla eut oy tg` dv`rda` t`hp`rdtur` eb

tg` sjy, w` mdl i`ffll` tg` r`ndtcv` vdrcdtcel eb tg`t`hp`rdtur` ds6

(l) Y(l) YY(4)

]clm` tg` vdrcdtcel cs d bulmtcel el ]? ct mdl o``xpdliì cl spg`rcmdn gdrhelcms ds6

(l) 8n8;

nh8n

dnhShn (l)(?)

Cl tg` doev` tg`n 8 ;, 4 t`rhs dr` mdnnì tg` hele-pen` dli icpen`, r`sp`mtcv`ny. Cb tg` dv`rda` t`hp`r-dtur` cs prep`rny suotrdmtì eut tg`l tg` helepen`

t`rh vdlcsg`s.Yg` ieppn`r sgcbt cl tg` MHO pgetels cliumì

oy tg` hetcel eb tg` i`t`mter r`ndtcv` te tg` sur-bdm` eb ndst smdtt`rcla a`l`rdt`s tg` icpen` meltrc-outcel. Yg` h`dsurì icpen` dlcsetrepy cs =.=00;.;;7hJ, dli mdl o` uli`rsteei vcd6

Y(l) 8Y;

4 ?

4 l Y;(4 + mes +

?

? mes?+ ...)(=)

G`r` Y; cs tg` t`hp`rdtur` breh tg` helepen

t`rhs,lcs tg` icr`mtcel eb hetcel, dli cs tg` v`-nemcty bdmter. Acv`l tg` v`nemcty eb tg` adndxy, tgìcpen` t`rh t`nns us tgdt tg` nemdn areup cs hevcla

dt v 8 2?1 ??jh/s tewdris tg` adndmtcm meeric-ldt` (, o) 8 (?12e =e, =;e =).

Ncj` tg` helepen`, tg` icpen` tee mdl o` hdi` tevdlcsg oy suotrdmtcla eut tg` r`ndtcv` hetcel dliputtcla tg` i`t`mter cl tg` brdh` eb tg` hcmrewdvòdmjareuli. Ygdt sdci, w` s`t d;;8d4h8 ;, dli

dnnew tg` suh te oàcl dt n 8 ?.]clm` tg` spg`rcmdn gdrhelcms berh d mehpn`t`

ertgelerhdn s`t el ]? w` mdl fflli tg` `xpdlscelme`mc`lts oy schpny cltàrdtcla ev`r tg` vdrcdtcelhdp6

dnh8

]?

i Shn (l)(l)(9)

Dssuhcla csetrepy, tg` `xpdlscel me`mc`lts drìrdwl breh d Adusscdl icstrcoutcel wges` h`dl csz`re, dli wges` vdrcdlm` i`p`lis elny eln, ldh`nyMn6

dnhdnh 8nnhhMn(0)Q` mdl `stchdt` tg` Mn oy mdnmundtcla tg` vdrc-

dlm` eb tg` pdrtcmundr s`t eb `xpdlscel me`mc`ltstgdt w` beuli. Let` tgdt new n vdnu`s wcnn gdv`ndra` ulm`rtdcltc`s dssemcdtì wctg tg`h, h`dlclatgdt eur `stchdt`s ber tg`h dr` let ds r`ncdon`. Ygcstreuon`seh` preon`h cs r`b`rrì te ds Meshcm Rdrc-dlm`. D gdt cs usì te icstclaucsg o`tw``l tg` `stc-hdter eb tg`Mns v`rsus tg` dmtudn vdnu`s tg`y tdj`.

Mn 8 4

?n+ 4

n

h8

n

|dnh|? Mn

Mn8

?

?n+ 4(2)

Ct sgeuni o` letì tgdt cl prdmtcm` tg` cltàrdligds dletg`r huntcpncmdtcv` t`rh cl ct6 tg` wcliewbulmtcel Q_(l). Ygcs bulmtcel mdptur s tg` bdmttgdt ds yeu try te h`dsur` tg` t`hp`rdtur` eb dpeclt el tg` sjy yeu cldiv`rtdltny a`t meltdhc-ldtcel breh tg` sureulicla peclts. _ cs tg` r`n`-vdlt dlaundr smdn` breh wgcmg tgcs meltdhcldtcelmeh`s, dli w` r`qucr` tg` wcliew te o` lerhdn-czì te ulcty. Cl prclmcpn` ct sgeuni i`p`li el tgàèh`try eb tg` i`t`mter, gew`v`r cl hest mds`s dAdusscdl wcnn sum`.

Yg` stdtcstcmdn prep`rtc`s eb tg` t`hp`rdturvdrcdtcels mdl o` dldnyzì oy neejcla dt tg` twepeclt merr`ndtcel bulmtcel. Ydjcla dl `ls`hon` dv-`rda` eb (?) cl tg` icr`mtcels l dli l dli uscla (9)w` fflli6

(l)(l) 8n,n

h,h

dnhdnhShn (l)Sh

n (l)

8n8?

Mn

nh8n

Shn (l)Shn (l

)

8

n8?

?n+ 4

9 Mn[n(l l)(1)

Yg` Mns mdl o` `xtrdmtì breh tg` twe peclt mer-r`ndtcel bulmtcel wctgeut gdvcla te ae tgreuag tg`


4/9

9 IDHCDL _. ]EQCL]JC ID_YHEPYG MENN@A@ I@[D_YH@LY EB [GS]CM] & D]Y_ELEHS

Bcaur` 4. Yg` t`hp`rdtur` vdrcdtcels dt bunn [ndlmj r`senutcel cl tg` ?41AGz odli.Ygcs cs tg` bunn fflrst y`dr idtd r`n`dsì cl ?;4;. Chda` meurt`sy eb gttp6//mri-nàdmy.non.aev/ oerrcnn/mho/pndlmj/?41pest`r.gthn

?n + 4 mdnmundtcels eb tg`dnhs oy uscla tg` ertgea-eldncty eb tg` Nà`lir` penylehcdns6

Mn 8]?i

]?i

(l)(l

)[n(l l

)(7)

Yg` h`dsurì vdnu`s eb tg` me`mc`lts dr` pnettìcl fflaur` ?.

=. Eos`rvcla tg` Dxcs eb @vcn

El` eb tg` j`y dssuhptcels cl wgdt gds meh`se bdr cs tr`dtcla tg` Plcv`rs` ds o`cla tg` sdh` cldnn icr`mtcels, etg`rwcs` jlewl ds spdtcdn csetrepy.Ygcs dnnews us te sdy tgdt tg` dnhs cl tg` `x-pdlscel eb tg` t`hp`rdtur` vdrcdtcel ffl`ni, , drìrdwl breh Adusscdl icstrcoutcels wges` vdrcdlmì`p`lis sen`ny el n .

Q` mdl o`tt`r uli`rstdli tgcs mell`mtcel oy r`-mdnncla wg`r` tg` spg`rcmdn gdrhelcms meh` breh._`mdnn tgdt tg`y dr` tg` senutcels te tg` dlaundrpdrt eb tg` Ndpndm` `qudtcel cl spg`rcmdn meeric-ldt`s, dli `ca`lbulmtcels eb tg` N? dli Nz ep`r-dters, wctg `ca`lvdnu`s n(n+ 4) dli h, r`sp`m-tcv ny. Yg` ndtt`r ep`rdter r`qucr`s tg` pr`s lm` ebdl dxcs elte wgcmg tg` dlandr heh`ltuh mdl o`pref`mtì, g`lm` pcmjcla eut d sp`mcdn icr`mtcel clspdm . Oy sdycla tgdt tg` Mns dr` cli`p`li`lt eb

htg`r` cs le l`ì te pcmj eut d icr`mtcel ds o`claher` chpertdlt tgdt dly etg`r, hdcltdclcla spdtcdncsetrepy cl eur tgèry.

Acv`l tg` pr`mcscel h`dsur`h`lts eb tg` MHOo`cla meliumtì dt `v r clmr dscla dlaundr r`se-nutcels, ct cs r`dseldon` te t`st tg` dssuhptcel ebcsetrepy cl tg` gdrhelcms o`yeli n 8 ?. Cl eri`r teie tgcs w` weuni gdv` te `xdhcl` tg` icstrcoutcelebdnhs ber d pdrtcmundr n dli s`` cb tg`r` cs d lel-ulcberh icstrcoutcel eb pew`r dhelast tg`h. Ygcsweuni scaldn tg` `xcst`lm` eb d pr`b`rrì dxcs l bertgdt pdrtcmundr huntcpen`. Dsci` breh tg` tgèr`tc-mdn hetcvdtcel ber iecla tgcs, tg`r` cs dnr`diy eos`r-vdtceldn hetcvdtcel sclm` cb w` neej dt tg` fflrst b`whuntcpen`s eb tg` MHO w` s`` tgdt tg`cr dlcsetrepypdtt`rls s``h te o` iehcldtì oy sclaundr vdnu`sebh. Yg` fflrst b`w huntcpen`s dr` pnettì cl fflaur`=.

Ndli dli Hdau`cfe gdv` `xdhclcla d pdrtcm-

undr stdtcstcm cl dldnyzcla tg` pew`r icstrcoutceldhelast tg`dnhs, ldh`ny6

rn 8 hdxln]?,h

(? ;h)|dhn|?(?n+ 4)Mn

(3)

ber h ;. Let` tgdt cl tgcs wdy ? hei`s mel-trcout` te `dmg h8 ;. Ygcs stdtcstcm acv s hn, ertg` iehcldlt sgdp` eb tg` huntcpen`, cts erc`ltd-tcel, ln, dli tg` rdtce eb pew`r cl ct, rn. Burtg r-her`, elm` tgcs stdtcstcm cs mdnmundtì bre dnn eb tg`huntcpen`s, el` mdl `xdhcl` gew tg` qudltctc`s icb-b`r o`tw``l difdm`lt n s.

]`v`rdn ic`r`lt wcliew bulmtcels dr` usì, dlitg` r`sunts dr strcjcla. Yg` n8? dli = hun-tcpen`s dr` pur h8? dli =, r`sp`mtcv`ny, dli


5/9

ME]HCM DLC]EY_E[S6 D GC]YE_S EB YG@ DWC] EB @RCN 0

Bcaur` ?. Yg` QHD[ tgr``-y`dr pew`r sp`mtruh (cl ondmj) mehpdrì te etg`r r`m`lth`dsur`h`lts eb tg` MHO dlaundr pew`r sp`mtruh, clmnuicla Oeeh`rdla (Fel`s `t dn.?;;0), Dmodr (Jue `t dn. ?;;9), MOC (_`dig`di `t dn. ?;;9), dli R]D (Icmjclsel `t dn.?;;9), Chda` meurt`sy eb ndhoid.asbm.ldsd.aev

peclt tewdris tg` adndmtcm meericldt s (, o) (

4;;e, 2;e). Yg` n89 dli 0 huntcpen`s dr` l`drny

d pur`h8? dli =, wctg dl dxcs pecltcla dt (, o) (34e, 0;e), tgeuag tg` berh`r cs n`ss dncalì wctgtg` n8? dli =. Yg r` dnse s``hs te o` d melsci`r-don` dheult eb dncalh`lt cl tg`n82,..,44 el d strcpcl tg` o 40 ndtctui . 0;;; Helt Mdrne schund-tcels wctg Adusscdl preffln`s w`r` rul dli elny 0 ebtg`h gdi dl dncalh`lt schcncdr te tg` el` beuli cltg` MHO ber tg` n8?,...,0 huntcpen`s. Ygcs chpnc`stgdt csetrepy mdl o` r`f`mtì dt tg` 33.3% melffl-i`lm` n`v n. Ndli dli Hdau`cfe ae `v`l burtg`r,oy `xdhclcla pgds` merr`ndtcels o`tw``l tg` hun-tcpen`s. Pscla tg` dxcs wctg tg` hest pew`r cl ct

te i`ffll` d pr`b`rì brdh`, dli ci`ltcbycla pgds`sic`rcla oy, tg` dutgers neej dt pgds` dncalh`ltso`tw``l huntcpen`s. Ber tg` doev` h`ltcelì hun-tcpen`s tg` dncalh`lt eb pr`b`rrì dx`s dli pgds`sorclas tg` melffli`lm` n`v`n ber r`f`mtcla csetrepy upte 33.330%. Yg` r`sunts eb tg`cr stuiy dr` icspndyìcl fflaur` 9.

Yg` pndm`h`lt eb tg` pr``rì dx`s ber tg` newn hei s dr` icspndyì cl fflaur` 0, dli gds o``liuooì tg` Dxcs eb @vcn iu` te tg`cr ulmdllydncalh`lt. Acv l tg` gcagny ulncj ncl`ss eb tgcsdncalh`lt odsì el stdtcstcmdn areulis, ct cs pru-i`lt tgdt tgèr`tcmdn hei`ns sgeuni lew o` melsci-

`rì tgdt or`dj spdtcdn csetrepy dli gdv` d mgdlm`dt `xpndclcla tgcs strcjcla pg`leh`lel.

Bcaur` =. Yg` n8?,...,7 huntcpen`seb tg` MHO. Let` gew tg`y dnn neejmnes` te o`cla pur huntcpen`s. Bur-tg`rher` tg` dncalh`lt eb tg` n8?dli = hei`s dr` v`ry mnes` te el` dl-etg`r. Chda` meurt`sy eb ndhoid.asbm.

ldsd.aev


6/9


Bcaur` 9. Yep [net6 rdtce eb pew`rcl gcag`st meltrcoutcla h-hei`, ]`m-eli [net6 h vdnu` eb gcag`st mel-trcoutcla h-hei`, Oetteh [nets6Adndmtcm meericldt`s eb tg` hei`spr b`rr i dxcs. ]enci ncl` cs mn`dlì,idsgì cs Q`cl r fflnt rì, dli iet-tì cs tg` clt`rldn ncl`dr mehoc-ldtcel hdps. Chda` meurt`sy eb[gys._`v.N`tt. 30 (?;;0) ;14=;4

9. Ygèr`tcmdn Clarìc`lts berDlcsetrepy

Acv`l tg` eos`rvdtceldn `vci`lm` ber d pr``rìdxcs dt new n hei`s, er el ndra` dlaundr smdn`s, ctweuni o` prui`lt te adcl clscagt clte tg` a`l`rdnberhdncsh tgdt meuni diir`ss dlcsetrepy el tg`smdn` eb tg` Guoon` venuh`. Ber dly hei`n te gdv`d mgdlm` dt r`priumcla eos`rvdtcels ct hust meltdcltwe clarìc`lts6

C. D ffl`ni wges` umtudtcels dr` iehcldtì oynela wdv`n`latg (new-n hei`s)

CC. D lel-ncl`dr r`spels` eb tg` MHO te tg`sùmtudtcels

Aeriel `t dn `xdhclì tg` stdtcstcmdn brdh`werjtgdt mdrrc`s tg`s` dssuhptcels, dli w` wcnn bennewmnes`ny tg`cr mdnmundtcels.

Bcrst n`ts `xdhcl` dssuhptcel 4. D ffl`ni wgcmgcs iehcldtì oy nela wdv`n`latgs wcnn dpp`dr te dleos`rv`r ds d ardic`lt ds cs vcsudnczì cl fflaur` 2.Ygcs ardic`lt wcnn pcmj eut d icr`mtcel, dpp`drcla tea`l`rdt` dl dlcsetrepy. Let` tgdt tg` uli`rnycla

tgèry mdl stcnn o` mehpn`t`ny csetrepcm: ct cs elnynemdnny tgdt csetrepy cs orej`l iu` te tg` bdmt tg`Guoon` venuh` cs let ndra` `leuag te y`t s`` tg`

umtudtcel. Yg` dutgers r`b`r te tgcs h`mgdlcshds speltdlèus csetrepy or`djcla.

Dssuhptcel ? cs l`m`ssdry te `xpndcl dly merr`-ndtcel o`tw``l dx`s dncalh`lts ber ic`r`lt huntc-pen`s. Cb tg` MHO r`speliì ncl`drny te tg` ard-ic`lt, tg`l `dmg huntcpen` weuni o` d`mtì out

meltclu` te o` cli`p`li`lt eb tg` etg`r huntcpen`s.N`ts `xdhcl` lew gew tg`s` dssuhptcels pndy eutwctgcl tg` stdtcstcmdn brdh`werj eb tg` dldnyscs cls`mtcel ?.

Dssuh` tgdt tg`r` cs d ardic`lt cl spdm` tgdtpeclts cl tg` x= icr`mtcel. Ye dl eos`rver scttclawctgcl tg` Guoon` venuh` ct wcnn gdv` dl dpp`dr-dlm` eb tg` berh6

A(l) (4 + a4l x=)8 4 + a4mes (4;)

D a`l`rdn lel-ncl`dr r`spels` te tg` ardic`lt wcnno` seh` bulmtcel,B, ebA. ]clm` ct cs d bulmtcel el]?, w` mdl `xpdli ct eut cl spg`rcmdn gdrhelcms.Gew`v`r, iu` te tg` dzchutgdn syhh`try eb d ard-ic`lt, elny tg` h8; hei`s eb tg` huntcpen`s wcnnmeltrcout` te tg` `xpdlscel.

w(l) 68BZA(l)X

8n8?

wnSn;(l)(44)

Bcaur` 2. Nela wdv`n`latg p`r-turodtcels neej ncj` d ardic`lt te

dl eos`rv`r clt g` Guoon` venuh`.Ygcs ardic`lt pcmjs eut d pr``rìicr`mtcel cl spdm . Chda` meurt syeb 4;.44;=/[gys_`vI.10.;7=0;?

Yg` r`spels` eb tg` MHO te tg` ardic`lt mdltg`l o` hei`nnì ds

(l) 8O(l) + b w(l)I(l)(4?)

G`r` O dli I dr` tg` csetrepcm ffl`nis tgdt meupn`

te tg` r`spels . Q` mdl `xpdli tg`h cl spg`rcmdngdrhelcms, wctg tg` me`mc lts irdwl breh icstrc-outcels wges` vdrcdm`s i`p`li sen`ny eln .


7/9


Bcaur` 0. Yg` Dxcs eb @vcn merr`spelis te tg` dncalì dx`s eb tg`n8? tgreuag 0 pr`b`rrìdx`s eb tg` MHO huntcpen`s. Chda` meurt`sy eb gttp6//www.smc`lm`hda.era/melt`lt/ven=41/

cssu`0792/

O(l) 8n,h

onhSnh(l)(4=)

I(l) 8n,h

inhSnh(l)(49)

onhonh 8nnhhMoon(40)onhinh 8nnhhMoin(42)inhinh 8nnhhMiin(41)

CbO 8 ; tg`l tg` r`spels` cs sdci te o` sen`ny hun-tcpncmdtcv`, wg`rds cb I 8 4 tg`l tg` r`spels` cssdci te o` diictcv`.

Qctg tg`s` `xpdlscels cl gdli w` mdl ffllitg` twe peclt merr`ndtcel bulmtcel te s`` gewdlcsetrepc s `h`ra`. Bcrst w` pnua (?), (44), (4=),(49) clte (4?), schpncby tg` `xpr`sscel uscla tg`prep`rtc`s eb tg` Qcal`r =f syhoes (dpp`licx) dlitg`l us` tg` ertgelerhdncty eb tg` spg`rcmdn gdr-helcms6

n,h

dnhSnh(l) 8n,h

onhSnh(l) + bn

wnSn;(l)n,h

inhSnh(l)

8n,h

onhSnh(l) + bn,n,h

inhwnSn;(l)Snh(l)

8n,h

onhSnh(l) + bn,n,h

inhwnn,h

(?n+ 4)(?n + 4)(?n + 4)

9

n n n

; h h

n n n

; ; ;

Snh(l)

8n,h

onh+ b

nn

(4)hwn

(?n+ 4)(?n + 4)(?n + 4)

9

n n n; h h

n n n; ; ;

inh

Snh(l)

dnh 8 onh+ bnn

_nnnh inh(47)

Qg`r` tg` hcxcla me`mc`lts,_n4n?nh dr` i`ffllì ds6

_n4n?nh 8b(4)hwn4

(?n+ 4)(?n4+ 4)(?n?+ 4)

9

n4 n? n; h h

n4 n? n; ; ;

(43)

Q` lew fflli tg` icstrcoutcel tgdt tg` dnhs dr` irdwl breh oy mdnmundtcla tg`cr vdrcdlm` dli pnuaaclacl (47) dli uscla (40)-(41)6


8/9


dn4h4dn?h?8

(on4h4+ b

nn

_nn

n4h4i

nh4)(on?h? + b

nn

_nn

n?hinh?)

8on4h4on?h?+bnn

_nn

n4h4

i

nh4on?h?

+b

nn

_nn

n?h?on4h4inh?+b

?

nnnn

_nn

n4h4_n

n

n?h?

i

nh4inh?

8h4h?n4n?Moo

n4 +b h4h?

n

(_n?nn4h4

Moi

n? +_n4n

n?h?Moi

n4) + b?h4h?

nnn

_nn

n4h4_nn

n?h?Mii

n

(?;)

@qudtcel (?;) gds hdly clt`r`stcla b`dtur s.Yg` fflrst t`rh cs tg` csetrepcm t`rh. Cb w` dnnewb ; tg`l tg` lelncl`dr r`spels` turls e dlicsetrepy cs r`ster i. Yg` s`meli dli tgcri t`rhsdr` e-icdaeldn mehpel`lts tgdt n`di te d hcxclaeb huntcpen`s.

Aeriel `t dn gdv` `xdhclì tg` hdfer ic`r-

`lm`s o`tw``l dl diictcv` hei`n dli d huntcpncmd-tcv hei n dli gdv` beuli tg` berh`r wdltcla,wgcn` tg` ndtt`r peclts te icmuntc`s cl pessconhei n oucnicla. Diictcv` csetrepy or`djcla mdlelny d`mt tg` h 8 ; huntcpen`s dreuli tg` pr`b-b`rì dxcs, dli mdllet `xpndcl tg` dncalh`lt eb hun-tcpen`s. Huntcpncmdtcv` csetrepy or`djcla mdl `x-pndcl dnncalh`lts, gew`v r hust o` ndra` `leuagtgdt ct mdl le nela`r o` melsci`rì d p`rturodtcel.Ygcs h`dls tgdts cts d`mts hust d`mt tg` heiu-ndtcel eb huntcpen`s dt gcag`rn s, g`lm` seh` diic-tcv` ``mt hust stcnn o` melsci`rì te i`mr`ds` tg`gcag`rn heiundtcels.

0. [gyscmdn Hei`ns

]clm` tg` new n hei`s dr` d`mtì oy tg` ]dmgsQenb dli Cltàrdt i ]dmgs Qenb d`mt, hdlyhei`ns gdv` o``l oucnt te try te `xpndcl gew tg`s`twe d`mts mdl o` dnt`rì cl sumg d wdy te r`pre-ium` tg` dlcsetrepy w` s``. Dhela tg` hest pep-undr dr` murvdtel, gyorci murvdtel, dli prchericdnhdal tcm ffl`ni hei`ns.

Yg` ndtt`r cs quct` clt`r`stcla dli gds o``l clv`s-tcadtì oy Oelvcl dli Mdprclc dhela etg`rs. [rc-

hericdn hdal`tcm ffl`nis ie mr`dt` dppreprcdt` sca-ldtur`s el tg` ]dmgs Qenb` pndt`dux, dli meuni dnseo` usì te `xpndcl tg` rdtg`r strela hdal`tcm ffl`niseb adndxc`s cl tg` pr`s`lt idy, ber wgcmg tg`r` cs y`tte o` d prep`r pgyscmdn h`mgdlcsh. Yg` preon`hwctg prchericdn hdal`tcm ffl`nis cs tgdt tg`y gdv` teberh dbt`r Lumnèsyltg`scs, sclm` el`s mr`dtì o`-ber` dr` melstrdclì te gdv` v`ry shdnn dhpnctui`sdli weuni n`dv` le eos`rvdon` ``mt el tg` MHO.

Murvdtel hei`ns dr` quct` pepundr, cb yeur dp-p`tct` ber diicla her` smdndr ffl`nis te tg` ]tdlidriHei`n eb Mesheneay gds let y`t o``l sdtì oyt`g cldtel. Yg`s` hei`ns prepes` tg` `xcst`lm` eb

dletg`r smdndr ffl`ni, , wges` `venutcel `qudtcel cs6

+ =G+ R() 8 ;(?4)

Yg` hdss eb tg` murvdtel, ds usudn, cs r`ndtì tetg` murvdtur` eb tg` hclchuh eb tg` pet`ltcdn, dlicb ct cs shdnn mehpdrì te tg` Guoon` brcmtcel t`rhiurcla cldtcel, tg`l tg` ffl`ni cs brez`l cl pndm`dli ie`s let renn iewl cts pet`ltcdn. Elm` cld-tcel meh`s te dl `li, tg` murvdtel cs br`ì dlirenns iewl, a`l`rdtcla nela wdv`n`latg p`rturod-

tcels tgdt meuni n`di te d speltdlèus csetrepyor`djcla.

Yg` nct rdtur` cs bunn eb gyorci sm`ldrces tgdtgdv s`v`rdn murvdtel ffl`nis clt`rdmtcla wctg el`dletg`r, tgeuag lel` cs dmm`ptì oyt g` mehhu-lcty ds o`cla dlyher` r`n`vdlt tgdl dletg`r. Cltg` mehcla y`drs ct wcnn o` clt`r`stcla te bennew tg`prear`ss cl tgcs ffl`ni, dli s`` wg`tg`r d melscs` tg`-er`tcmdn `xpndldtcel ber tg` Dxcs eb @vcn mrystdncz`sbreh tg` murr`lt stdt` eb ddcrs.

2. Dpp`licx6 Qcal`r =f ]yhoens

Melsci`r tg` `ca`lstdt`s eb tg` Nz dli N?

ep`r-dters, ldh`ny|n, hn6

Nz |n, hn 8h|n, hnN? |n, hn 8n(n+ 4)? |n, hn

Q` lew i`ffll` d l`w stdt` tgdt cs d ncl`dr mehoc-ldtcel eb t`lser preiumts eb tgr`` `ca`lstdt`s.

| 8nc8;

nchc8nc

n4 n? n=h4 h? h=

|n4, h4 |n?, h? |n=, h=Cb w` i`hdli tgdt tgcs stdt` o` clvdrcdlt uli`r dr-octrdry retdtcels, tg`l tg` r`suntcla me`mc`lts cltg` `xpdlscel dr` mdnnì tg` Qcal`r =f syhoens.Ct mdl o` sgewl tgdt tg`y gdv` seh` clt`r`stclaprep`rtc`s6

[C. ]yhh`try uli`r Yrdlspesctcel eb Menuhls

m4 m? m=

8 (4)n4+n?+n= m(4) m(?) m(=)

[CC. Ertgeaeldncty _`ndtcels

n,h

(?n+ 4) n4 n? nh4 h? h

n4 n? nh4 h? h

8h4h4h?h?


9/9


h4,h?

(?n+ 4)

n4 n? nh4 h? h

n4 n? n

h4 h? h

8nnhh

Cl [C cs d trdlspesctcel eb twe eb tg` menuhls.Let` tgdt tgcs h`dls tgdt tg` scal eb tg` syhoen

ie`slt mgdla` uli`r dl `v`l luho`r eb trdlspesc-tcels. Burtg`rher`, tg` syhoen vdlcsg`s uln`ss tg`bennewcla melictcels dr` h`t6

MC. hc Znc, ncX

MCC. h4+ h?8 h=

MCCC. |n4 n?| n= |n4+ n?|

Yg` Qcal`r =f syhoen mdl dnse o` wrctt`l clt`rhs eb tg` Mnòsg-Aeriel me`mc`lts6

n4 n? nh4 h? h

8 (4)h+n4n?

?n+ 4

n4n?h4h?|n4n?nh

El` mdl us` tgcs prep`rty te sgew tgdt tg` preiumteb twe spg`rcmdn gdrhelcms mdl o` r`wrctt`l ds dncl`dr mehocldtcel eb spg`rcmdn gdrhelcms. Ygcsprep`rty cs usì cl tg` dldnyscs eb tg` lel-ncl`drMHO r`spels` te d ardic`lt cl s`mtcel 9.

Sn4h4(l)Sn?h?(l) 8

n,h(?n4+ 4)(?n?+ 4)(?n+ 4)

9 n4 n? n

h4 h? h

n4 n? n

; ; ;

Snh(l)

_`b`r`lm`s

Z4X I. G. Nytg, M. Pladr`nnc dli I. Qdlis, Yg` [rchericdni`lscty p`rturodtcel cl tg` murvdtel sm`ldrce, [gys._`v. I 21, ;?=0;= (?;;=) Zdstre-pg/;?;7;00X.

Z?X Q. Gu dli Y. Ejdhete, [rclmcpdn pew`r eb tg` MHO,[gys. _`v. I 23, ;9=;;9 (?;;9) Zdstre-pg/;=;7;93X.

Z=X J. Ndli dli F. Hdau`cfe, Yg` Dxcs eb `vcn, [gys. _`v.N`tt. 30, ;14=;4 (?;;0) Zdstre-pg/;0;??=1X.

Z9X M. Aeriel, Q. Gu, I. Gut r r dli Y. H. Mrdwberi,]peltdlèus csetrepy or`djcla6 d h`mgdlcsh ber mhohuntcpen` dncalh`lts, [gys. _`v. I 1?, 4;=;;? (?;;0)Zdstre-pg/;0;3=;4X.

Z0X M. Aeriel, Orej l Csetrepy breh d Ncl`dr Heiundtceleb tg` [rchericdn [`rturodtcels, Dstrepgys. F. 202, 2=2(?;;1) Zdstre-pg/;2;19?=X.

Z2X D. _. [unn`l dli H. Jdhceljewsjc, Meshcm HcmrewdvÒdmjareuli ]tdtcstcms ber d Icr`mtcel-I`p`li lt [rc-hericdn [ew`r ]p`mtruh, [gys. _`v. I 12, 4;=0?3(?;;1) ZdrWcv6;1;3.4499 Zdstre-pgXX.

Z1X D. N. @rcmjm`j, ]. H. Mdrrenn dli H. Jdhceljewsjc,]up rgerczel [ rturodtcels dli tg` Meshcm Hc-mrewdv` Odmjareuli, [gys. _`v. I 17, ;7=;4? (?;;7)ZdrWcv6;7;7.401; Zdstre-pgXX.

Z7X D. N. @rcmjm`j, H. Jdhceljewsjc dli ]. H. Mdrrenn, DG`hcspg`rcmdn [ew`r Dsyhh`try breh Cldtcel, [gys._`v. I 17, 4?=0?; (?;;7) ZdrWcv6;7;2.;=11 Zdstre-pgXX.

Z3X F. [. Vcocl dli I. ]mett, Aduacla tg` meshcm hc-mrewdv` odmjareuli, [gys. _`v. I 17, 4?=0?3 (?;;7)ZdrWcv6;7;7.?;91 Zdstre-pgXX.

Z4;X D. N. @rcmjm j, M. H. Gcrdtd dli H. Jdhceljewsjc,

D ]mdn`-I`p`li`lt [ew`r Dsyhh`try breh Csemurvd-tur` [`rturodtcels, [gys. _`v. I 7;, ;7=0;1 (?;;3)ZdrWcv6;3;1.;1;0 Zdstre-pg.MEXX.

Z44X N. Dmj`rhdl, ]. H. Mdrrenn dli H. O. Qcs , Chprcltseb d [rchericdn [r`b`rr i Icr`mtcel el tg` HcmrewdvOdmjareuli, [gys. _`v. I 10, ;7=0;? (?;;1) Z@rrdtuh-coci. I 7;, ;233;4 (?;;3)X Zdstre-pg/;1;4=01X.

Z4?X M. Oelvcl dli M. Mdprclc, MHO t`hp`rdturdlcsetrepy dt ndra` smdn s cliumì oy d mdusdn prc-hericdn hdal`tcm ffl`ni, FMD[ 4;;0, ;?? (?;4;)ZdrWcv64;;9.49;0 Zdstre-pg.MEXX.

Z4=X J. Ichepeunes, J. Jegrc dli Y. Hdtsuid, Yg`gyorci murvdtel, [gys. _`v. I 70, 4?=094 (?;4?)ZdrWcv64?;4.2;=1 Zg`p-pgXX.

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