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Overview of CO2 Capture Technologies,
System Integration, and Costs
Presented to the World Bank CCS Training Session
August 25, 2011
Robert Hilton, Vice President,
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Alstom in the U.S. - P 2 | © Alstom 2011
Alstom: Three Activities
Leading global provider of equipment & services for…
Power Generation
Power Transmission
Rail Transportation
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Strong & Sustained Sales, Worldwide
Alstom in the U.S. - P 3 | © Alstom 2011
Transport
$8.0 bn
Power
$16.8 bn
•27%
•56%
•17%Grid
$5.1 bn
Total sales 2010/11: More than $29 billion USD
Key Facts & Figures:
•93,500 employees in 100 countries
•6% increase in sales from 2009/10 to 2010/11
•Steady increase in R&D investment to more than
$1 bn USD in 2010//11
•Leading provider of innovative clean
technology solutions
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Life Cycle
Management
Gas Hydro
Geothermal SolarBiomass
Oil
Coal Nuclear
Wind
Power Technologies for all Energy Sources
Alstom in the U.S. - P 2 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
•Source: Vattenfall
Pre-combustion
(New only)
Power Plant with CO2 capture
Solutions developed by Alstom
•CCS must be also applied to the installed base
Post-combustion Oxy-combustion
(New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)
•CO2 Capture Solutions
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Landscape: U.S. – Projects
• Important validation projects completed to-date
• Project pipeline includes:
Chilled ammonia CCS project –
AEP Mountaineer Plant – New Haven, WV
Project Status Timeline
AEP – Mountaineer II On-hold N/A
Basin Electric On-hold N/A
Summit FEED 2016
Kemper Construction 2014
HECA Negotiation 2017
NRG FEED 2016
FutureGen FEED 2017
Alstom in the U.S. - P 10 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Landscape – U.S. Projects
•Southern Company•Transport Gasifier/Selexol CO2
Capture•Total:~$2.9B; DOE: $270M • EOR Storage – 3.0 MTPY• 582 MWe (net)
•HECA•GE Gasifier/Rectisol CO2 Capture•Total: ~$2.8B; DOE: $408M • EOR – 2.0 MTPY• 250 MWe (net)
•Summit TX Clean Energy•Siemens Gasifer/Rectisol CO2
capture•Total:~$1.7B; DOE: $450M• EOR Storage – 3.0 MTPY• 270 MWe (net)
•AEP•Alstom Chilled Ammonia•Total: $668M; DOE: $334M•Saline Storage – 1.5 MTPY• 235 MWe Slipstream
•NRG•Fluor Econamine FG PlusSM
•Total: $334M; DOE: $167M • EOR Storage – 0.4MTPY• 60 MWe Slipstream
•FutureGen 2.0•B&W Oxy-Combustion•DOE: $1.048B• Saline Storage – 1.0 MTPY• 200 MWe (gross)
•Key:
•80% DoE Cost Share
•EOR
•50% DoE Cost Share
Alstom in the U.S. - P 11 | © Alstom 2011
•Note: Southern Company also has 20% rate increase•While Summit and HECA have yet to conclude financing
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Landscape: U.K. - Projects
• Government commitment to 4 demo projects- 3 coal, 1 gas
• 1st demo in negotiation- Applications for 2-4 to launch by end 2011
• 9 other projects bidding for
funding- 7 in running for add’l EU
funding • Decision by end 2012
- Projects clustered in
Scotland and Humber/Tees
Alstom in the U.S. - P 14 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Landscape: Europe - Projects
• European Union commitment to fund up to 12 demos
• 6 demos already funded at €180m each- 2 Oxy-combustion
- 3 Post-combustion (amines)
- 1 IGCC
• €3bn fund set to be awarded in 2nd half of 2012- 13 projects competing for up to 8 grants
• Working toward mix of post- pre- and oxy-combustion
Alstom in the U.S. - P 16 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Landscape: Asia - Projects
• Australia - 2 demo projects under active development- Delta - 100,000 tpy – post combustion – 2014 start
- Callide -100,000 tpy – oxy-firing – 2011 start
• China – 4 significant projects- GreenGen - IGCC - full capture by 2018 (power generation)
- Shidongkou – amines – 100,000 tpy – 2011 start-up (power
generation)
- Shenhua – coal liquifaction – 100,000 tpy – 2011 start (industrial)
• India- Drafting mission document on carbon capture, exploring CCS
pilots
*tpy = tons per year
Alstom in the U.S. - P 18 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Costs of CCS - PJ - 25 May 2011 - P 11
A comprehensive study of CCS costs
Based on:
• Our substantial investment in CO2 capture technologies since 1998
• The knowledge and experience gained from our 13 CCS pilot and
demonstration projects:
– 7 pilot projects
– 6 demonstration projects
• Our long experience on conventional power plants over many
decades:
– experience in designing and manufacturing key components:
boilers, gas and steam turbines, air quality control systems
– experience in integrating components and processes in power
plants
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Costs of CCS - PJ - 25 May 2011 - P 12
Total LacqFrance - 30 MWth
Oxy - Gas
Vattenfall Schwarze PumpeGermany - 30 MWth
Oxy - Lignite
Vattenfall JänschwaldeGermany - 250 MWe
Oxy - Lignite
Dow Chemical Co. USA, West Virginia
Advanced Amines - Coal
AEP MountaineerUSA - 58 MWth
Chilled Ammonia - Coal
Coming
TCM MongstadNorway - 40 MWth
Chilled Ammonia - Gas
TransaltaCanada - >200 MWe
Post - Coal
Alstom BSF WindsorUS - 15 MWthOxy - Coals
CET - Getica (Turceni)Romania – >250MWe
Chilled Ammonia - Lignite
Selected for receiving EEPR fundingSelected by Alberta and Federal Canadian funding
Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding
EDF – Le HavreFrance – 5 MWth Adv.
Amines - Coal
PGE BelchatowPoland – 260 MWe Adv.
Amines - Lignite
Pre-commercial Projects
AEP MountaineerUSA – 235MWe
Chilled Ammonia - Coal
Alstom activity on pilots and demonstrations 1st and 2nd generation CCS
RFCS EU - Darmstad Germany – 1 MWth
Chemical looping - Coal
DOE/Alstom WindsorUS – 3 MWth
Chemical looping - Coal
Drax - SelbyUK - 426 MWe
Oxy – Hard Coal
2nd GEN
2nd GEN
NER300 appl.
NER300 appl.
NER300 appl.
NER300 appl.
Operating
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Cost Study – Key Assumptions
Study based on New Plant in Europe
Add-on costs for energy penalty and increase cost of electricity generation rises
Considers cost of electricity generated with CCS & cost of CO2 avoided
Two capture technologies: post-combustion and oxy-combustion using two fuels: hard coal and gas
Coal and gas (combined cycle) plants with CCS operating as base-load
CO2 capture rate of 90%
Conservative learning curves up to 2030; based on Rubin/CMU curves
Alstom in the U.S. - P 23 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Costs of CCS - PJ - 25 May 2011 - P 14
• 90 % CO2 Capture and 99% CO2 Purity is demonstrated
• Feasibility of integrated capture – transport – storage established on a power
plant
• Energy penalty < 20%, and soon at 15%
• Solid base for design and cost control
• Oxy and Post have good potential
14%
15%
16%
17%
18%
19%
20%
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
CCS OXY
CCS PCC
15%
CCS PLANT – ENERGY PENALTY
% AGAINST MWe net REF PLANT
Hardcoal CCS commercial plant size - Europe
Source: Alstom
Pilots show that CCS works:
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Costs of CCS - PJ - 25 May 2011 - P 15
Results (1)
Hard coal
• Costs of electricity generated (*):
€84/MWhr in 2015 = 70% more than the same plant without CCS
€73/MWhr in 2030 = 45% more than the same plant without CCS
• The additional costs (*) are equivalent to:
in 2015, €54 per tonne of CO2 avoided
In 2030, €37 per tonne
• Oxy and post-combustion technologies deliver the same performance by 2030
• Energy penalty of 15-16 % can be realistically targeted by 2030
• Lower total cost of electricity than solar, geothermal and off-shore wind
• Competitive with nuclear, on-shore wind and large hydro
• Coal with CCS is cheaper than onshore wind as well when additional system costs for intermittent renewables are counted
(*): PCC case
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Costs of CCS - PJ - 25 May 2011 - P 16
Results (2)
Gas
• Costs of electricity generated (CoE):
– €65/MWhr in 2015 = 50% more than the same plant without CCS
– €55/MWhr in 2030 = 30% more than the same plant without CCS
• The additional costs are equivalent to:
– in 2015, €74 per tonne of CO2 avoided
– In 2030, €49 per tonne
• Energy penalty of 15-16 % can be realistically targeted by 2030
• Lower total cost of electricity than wind (off- and on-shore), solar and
geothermal
• Competitive with nuclear and large hydro
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
40
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 0 0
42€
CCSREF
2015 2030
Transport
&Storage
Fuel Cost
CCS/Coal REF
Capex & Opex
43€
65€
55€
CCSREF
Euro / MWh net
REF
2015 2030
GAS - EUROPE
84€
49€ 50€
73€
CCSREF CCS
HARDCOAL - EUROPE
Source: Alstom – PCC
CCS/Gas REF
Capex & Opex
+71%
+46%
+49%+33%
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
40
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 0 0
42€
CCSREF
2015 2030
Transport
&Storage
Fuel Cost
CCS/Coal REF
Capex & Opex
43€
65€
55€
CCSREF
Euro / MWh net
REF
2015 2030
GAS - EUROPE
84€
49€ 50€
73€
CCSREF CCS
HARDCOAL - EUROPE
Source: Alstom – PCC
CCS/Gas REF
Capex & Opex
+71%
+46%
+49%+33%
Cost increase <50% by 2030 for both Coal and Gas
Cost of CO2 avoided: 37 €/t for coal & 49 €/t for gas in 2030
CCS: Essential & Affordable on Gas and Coal
CCS Cost of
Electricity Impact
is lower on gas
than on coal
Alstom in the U.S. - P 24 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Cost Study - U.S. Implications
• NETL analysis shows some similarities to Alstom findings
• Alstom findings shared with key U.S. Stakeholders- Customers, Congress, DOE, EPRI
• Alstom planning U.S.
and Asia studies -
Fall 2011
Alstom in the U.S. - P 25 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
8465
0
100
200
300
400
Nuclear
Hydro
Geo
ther
mal
CCG
T CCS 2
015
Ons
hore
Win
d
PC Hard
coal C
CS 201
5
Offs
hore
Win
d
Solar
PV
Solar
Ther
mal
€ / MWh CoE - Low Carbon Technologies Ordered in 2011-2016 Period
Reference case
Source : Alstom analysis 2011. CCS 2015 costs, including on shore T&S and CO2 price (Flue Gas Recirculation case for CCS
Gas CC, average Amine/Oxy for CCS Hardcoal)
With realistic assumptions and variation range,
CCS on Coal & Gas Combined Cycle is competitive as of 2015
CCS Cost Comparison
Alstom in the U.S. - P 26 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS Cost Study – Overall Results
• CCS on gas or coal is cost competitive with wind before cost reductions from
learning effects- With same FIT given to wind, CCS will be “commercially viable” in 2015
• Learning effects will increase CCS competitiveness against more mature
renewables
• A target of CO2 avoided cost in the range of €30-35/t is realistic by 2030 for
coal
• CoE uplift in 2030 will be 45% for coal & 30% for gas- CCS on gas is thus commercially viable and cheaper than CCS on coal
• Carbon price of €43 in 2025 means coal w/CCS will be commercially viable
without FIT- Gas, at a price of €54 in 2026
• The main determinant of CoE remains the fuel price, especially for gasAlstom in the U.S. - P 27 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
How Do We Get There
Address the Challenges to CCS Deployment
CC
S D
eplo
ym
ent
Increase Financial Support
Address Permitting & Regulation
Validate Storage Sites
Educate the Public
Build Rate Recovery Framework
Establish carbon price, policy or regulatory framework
Equal stance for CCS and other low-carbon options
Subsidize sequestration
Sell credits into existing carbon market
Uniform sector or regional wire charge
EOR royalties or other funding diversions
Alstom in the U.S. - P 29| © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
What Needs To Be Done
Funding
• Establish funding mechanism for large-scale demonstration
Market
• Re-engage discussions on policy framework for regulation and financial support
Technology
• Return to critical path for CCS evolution, drive down cost curve to meet customer needs
CCS Deployment & Progress Towards Climate Goals
Alstom in the U.S. - P 30 | © Alstom 2011
© ALSTOM 2011. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Thank You
alstom.com
Alstom in the U.S. - P 31 | © Alstom 2011