Counter Insurgency and “Op Sadhbhavana” in Jammu and Kashmir

8/2/2019 Counter Insurgency and Op Sadhbhavana in Jammu and Kashmir

1/50

J~pcvj Jhjhv

C F _ J M o o j s c m h j i Pj pk ~ H m ( :3

Om{hvk~chs{~bkhojhf Mp _jfdndjqjhjch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~


2/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y :

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho

jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj

ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~

J~pcvj Jhjhv

CF_J Moojscmhji Pjpk~ Hm( :3

Chsvcv{vk am~ Fkakhok _v{fcks jhf Jhjisks

Hkr Fkidc


3/50

> y J~pcvj Jhjhv

Omqk~< Vdk Sjhhj~ N~cfbk jv Jhjhvhjb) L!E( Pdmvmb~jpd om{~vks vdk j{vdm~(

Chsvcv{vk am~ Fkakhok _v{fcks jhf Jhjisks) Hkr Fkidc(

Jii ~cbdvs ~ksk~qkf( Hm pj~v ma vdcs p{nicojvcmh gj nk ~kp~mf{okf) sm~vkf ch j~kv~ckqji ssvkg m~ v~jhsgcvvkf ch jh am~g m~ n jh gkjhs) kikov~mhco)gkodjhcoji) pdmvm'ompchb) ~kom~fchb m~ mvdk~rcsk) rcvdm{v vdk p~cm~pk~gcsscmh ma vdk Chsvcv{vk am~ Fkakhok _v{fcks jhf Jhjisks $CF_J#(

C_NH< 4:'410:3'3?'1

Ac~sv P{nicsdkf< Movmnk~ >0::

P~cok< ^s( :;0-'

P{nicsdkf n< Chsvcv{vk am~ Fkakhok _v{fcks jhf JhjisksHm(:) Fkqkimpgkhv Khoijqk) ^jm V{ij ^jg Gj~b)Fkidc Ojhvv() Hkr Fkidc ' ::0 0:0Vki( $3:'::# >12:'234?Ajt($3:'::# >1:; 6:3:K'gjci< cfsj@qshi(omg

Rknscvk< dvvp61;:010) >616?::3Kgjci< p~chvichk>00?@jdmm(om(ch


4/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ?

Joehmrikfbkgkhvs

C rm{if icek vm vdjhe vdk Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf ma vdk Chfcjh J~g

jhf vdk :; jhf :1 Om~ps am~ vdk mppm~v{hcv bcqkh vm qcscv qj~cm{s

Mp _jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs jhf am~ ajocicvjvchb vdk qcscv vm ~kgmvk jhfskhscvcqk j~kjs ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~( Gmsv schok~k b~jvcv{fk vm jii

~kspmhfkhvs) choi{fchb J~g maacocjis) ocqci jfgchcsv~jvm~s) jojfkgcos)lm{~hjicsvs jhf vdk pkmpik nkhkacvchb a~mg _jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs am~sdj~chb vdkc~ vdm{bdvs rcvd gk a~jhei( Am~ vdkc~ dkip) am~gji jhf

chamgji chvk~jovcmhs jhf chocscqk omggkhvs jhf s{bbkscmhs mh qj~cm{s

jspkovs ma vdcs pjpk~ gjh vdjhes vm G~( Jic Jdgkf) F~( F( _{njOdjhf~jh) P~ma( _{gcv Bjhb{i) G~( Cavcedj~ Bcijhc) Iv( Bkh( $^kvf(#

Dj~cp~jsjf) Iv( Bkh( _( J( Djshjch) F~( _( Ejijhj~jgjh) N~cb( $^kvf(#

B{~gkkv Ejhrji) P~ma( Jgcvjnd Gjvvmm) Iv( Bkh $^kvf(# Q(B(

Pjvjhej~) Iv( Bkh( $^kvf(# J~l{h ^j) N~cb( ^jl _d{eij jhf N~cb(Dj~chfk~ _chbd(

C jg vdjhea{i vm vdk CF_J am~ s{ppm~vchb vdk ackif qcscv vm {hfk~vjekvdcs sv{f( C rm{if icek vm vdjhe vdk Chvk~hji _ko{~cv Oi{svk~) vdkkfcvm~cji nmj~f ma vdk Chsvcv{vk jhf vdk vrm jhmhgm{s ~kak~kks am~

vdkc~ qji{jnik omggkhvs(

Vdk ~kspmhscncicv am~ k~~m~s) ca jh) cs gchk(

Hkr Fkidc J~pcvj Jhjhv

Movmnk~ >0::


5/50

6 y J~pcvj Jhjhv


6/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ;

Chv~mf{ovcmh

Vdk Chfcjh ktpk~ckhok ma om{hvk~chs{~bkho djs ~kokcqkf sojhv

jvvkhvcmh a~mg vdk sodmij~i omgg{hcv rdcod ikf _{gcv Bjhb{i

jhf Fjqcf(P( Acfik~ vm p{v vmbkvdk~ j qmi{gk khvcvikf Chfcj jhfOm{hvk~chs{~bkho< Ikssmhs Ikj~hkf(: A~mg vdk r~cvchbs mh vdk Chfcjh

om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok ch vdcs qmi{gk) cv cs oikj~ vdjv p~kokfkhokcs joom~fkf vm vdk pmicvcoji fcgkhscmh ma ~ksmiqchb vdk omhaicov) rcvdvdk gcicvj~ mpk~jvcmhs omgpikgkhvchb vdk ij~bk~ mnlkovcqk( Skv vdk~k

j~k sk~cm{s o~cvcocsgs ma vdk gjhhk~ ch rdcod vdk pmicvcoji jhf

mpk~jvcmhji css{ks ~kijvkf vm om{hvk~chs{~bkho djqk nkkh djhfikf(Mhk s{od o~cvcocsg vj~bkvs vdk ijr jhf m~fk~ jpp~mjod ma vdk pmicvcoji

ikjfk~sdcp rdcod {skf dj~sd) o~{ki jhf fkb~jfchb vjovcos ch vdk chcvcji

kj~s vm om{hvk~ vdk chs{~bkho(> ^jlksd jljbmpjijh) ch j scbhcacojhv

rm~e o~cvcocsks vdk Chfcjh J~gs om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok jss{aak~chb a~mg j omhqkhvcmhji rj~ ncjs) vdjv svkgs a~mg cvs sv~{ov{~k

jhf m~bjhcsjvcmhji o{iv{~k) rdcod am~ j imhb vcgk p~kqkhvkf jhfmov~chji chhmqjvcmh ch cvs om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs(?

Rdcik s{od o~cvcz{ks ma vdk Chfcjh om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok schok

chfkpkhfkhok j~k chqji{jnik ch khdjhochb m{~ {hfk~svjhfchb ma vdk

sv~khbvds jhf rkjehkssks ma om{hvk~chs{~bkho) vdk cbhm~k ja{hfjgkhvji p~chocpik vdjv rjs jfmpvkf jv vdk dkcbdv ma

om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs( Vdcs rjs vdk p~chocpik ma gchcgji {sk

ma am~ok jhf vdk ~kombhcvcmh ma pkmpik js vdk okhv~k ma b~jqcv ch jh

: _{gcv Bjhb{i jhf Fjqcf P( Acfik~) Chv~mf{ovcmh ch _{gcv Bjhb{i jhf Fjqcf P(Acfik~ $Kfs(#) Chfcj jhf Om{hvk~chs{~bkho< Ikssmhs Ikj~hkf) Imhfmh< ^m{vikfbk) >003)pp(:';) p( >(

> _{gcv Bjhb{i) _imr Ikj~hchb< Ikssmhs a~mg Chfcjs Om{hvk~chs{~bkho Mpk~jvcmhs chEjsdgc~) ch _{gcv Bjhb{i jhf Fjqcf P( Acfik~ $>003#) pp( 23'44(

? ^jlksd ^jljbmpjijh)Acbdvchb Icek j B{k~~ciij< Vdk Chfcjh J~g jhf Om{hvk~chs{~bkho)Imhfmh< ^m{vikfbk) >004( Dk j~b{ks vdjv spkocji am~oks am~ om{hvk~chs{~bkho s{od jsvdk Jssjg ^caiks jhf^jsdv~cj ^caiks j~k mpk~jvcmhji chhmqjvcmhs ~jvdk~ vdjh fmov~chjichhmqjvcmhs(


7/50

1 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmh( Vdcs mqk~ scbdv pk~djps svkgs a~mg

vdk ajov vdjv gjh ma vdksk sv{fcks rk~k njskf mh vdk kj~i kj~s ma

vdk om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs ma vdk J~g) jhf jism amo{sskf mhjov{ji omhf{ov ma om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs( Dmrkqk~) cv cs

cgpm~vjhv vm hmvk vdjv vdk p~chocpik ma gchcgji {sk ma am~ok jhf vdk

~kombhcvcmh ma pkmpik js vdk okhv~k ma b~jqcv ~ks{ivkf ch vdk ChfcjhJ~g {hfk~vjechb rkiaj~k jovcqcvcks jgcfsv vdk jickhjvkf pmp{ijvcmhs(

_mgk am~gk~ J~g maacok~s) icek Q(B( Pjvjhej~) djqk chfkkf frkiv

mh vdcs jspkov ch fkichkjvchb vdk akjv{~ks ma Chfcjs om{hvk~chs{~bkho

p~jovcok(6 Ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~) vdcs cham~gji p~jovcok rjs smmham~gjicskf js Mp _jfdndjqjhj $icvk~jii gkjhchb bmmfrcii# ch :334(

_chok vdkh) vdk Chfcjh J~g djs nkkh khbjbkf ch skqk~ji bmmfrcii

jovcqcvcks) jcgkf jv rchhchb vdk dkj~vs jhf gchfs $RDJG# ma vdkpkmpik ch vdk qj~cm{s j~kjs ma cvs fkpimgkhv( Ij~bk pmsvk~s rcvd vdk

gkssjbk Ljrjh j{~ Jrjg) Jgjh Djc G{zjjg gkjhchb vdk smifck~

jhf vdk pkmpik) pkjok cs vdk fksvchjvcmh $v~jhsijvcmh gchk# j~k jomggmh scbdv js mhk v~jqkis vd~m{bd vdk svjvk ma Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~(

Vdk~k j~k vrm hmvkrm~vd sv{fcks mh vdk Chfcjh J~gs Mp

_jfdndjqjhj( Vdk ac~sv n E(J( G{vdjhhj) cs j {ska{i s{~qk ma vdkqj~cm{s pdjsks ma om{hvk~'vk~~m~csv mpk~jvcmhs ch vdk qjiik a~mg :343'

>002( Ch dcs pjpk~) _jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs j~k fcso{sskf n~ckai ch vdk

omhvktv ma odjhbchb am~gs ma om{hvk~chs{~bkho( Vdk j{vdm~ omhvkhfsvdjv cv rjs mhi ch >001'02 vdjv vdk~k rjs j qcscnik odjhbk ch vdk

jvvcv{fk ma vdk pkmpik vmrj~fs vdk sko{~cv am~oks) jhf vdcs rjs jism

~kaikovkf ch vdk pkmpiks s{ppm~v am~_jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs(; Vdk skomhfpjpk~ cs n ^jd{i E( Ndmhsik) ch rdcod dk fkichkjvks j sv~jvkb am~

cgpikgkhvjvcmh ma RDJG ojgpjcbhs ch om{hvk~'gcicvjho

mpk~jvcmhs(1 Vdcs sv{f) icgcvkf vm vdk Ejsdgc~ Qjiik) cs ij~bki

6 Q(B( Pjvjhej~) Chs{~bkho) P~mt Rj~) jhf Vk~~m~csg ch Ejsdgc~) ch _{gcv Bjhb{ijhf Fjqcf P( Acfik~ $>003#) pp( 1;'24(

; N~cb( E(J( G{vdjhhj) Om{hvk~ Vk~~m~csg Mpk~jvcmhs ch Ejsdgc~ Qjiik< Omhvksv am~Dkj~vs jhf Gchfs ma vdk Pkmpik) [_C Lm{~hji) Jp~ci'L{hk >00) pp( >:?'>>6( Chvk~ksvchbi)ch vdcs pjpk~) vdk ktpjhfkf am~g ma RDJG cs Rkiaj~k D{gjhcvj~cjh Jcf Gkjs{~ks(

1 ^jd{i E( Ndmhsjik) Rchhchb Dkj~vs jhf Gchfs< Ikssmhs a~mg Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~)Gjhkesdjr Pjpk~ Hm( :6) Hkr Fkidc< Okhv~k am~ Ijhf Rj~aj~k _v{fcks) >003(


8/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y 2

njskf mh vdk j{vdm~s ktpk~ckhok jhf f~jrs mh Rksvk~h sodmij~i

icvk~jv{~k vm s{bbksv vdk gjhhk~ ch rdcod s{od ojgpjcbhs m{bdv vm

nk omhf{ovkf(

Vdk p~kskhv rm~e dmrkqk~ cs jh kgpc~coji jhjiscs maMp _jfdndjqjhj)

njskf mh j qcscv vm vdk qj~cm{s _jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs( Cv skkes vmkqji{jvk vdksk jovcqcvcks njskf mh fcso{sscmhs rcvd pkmpik rdm djqk

fc~kovi nkhkacvkf a~mg vdksk jovcqcvcks( Cv jism p~kskhvs j o~cvcoji

jhjiscs njskf mh chvk~jovcmh rcvd bmqk~hgkhv maacocjis) kf{ojvcmhcsvs

mvdk~ cgpm~vjhv svjekdmifk~s ch Ejsdgc~s v~jhscvcmh vm pkjok( Cvgjeks smgk s{bbksvcmhs am~ cgp~mqchb vdk gjhhk~ ch rdcod vdk

p~mlkovs j~k cgpikgkhvkf sm vdjv vdk j~k pk~okcqkf nkvvk~ jhf djqk j

nkvvk~ cgpjov(

Ch fmchb sm) vdk pjpk~ jism jff~kssks vdk fknjvk mh v~jhsam~gjvcmh maomhaicovs( Kqk~ cho~kjschb chsvjhoks ma chvk~hji omhaicovs ch vdk rm~if

djqk hkoksscvjvkf vdk chqmiqkgkhv ma sodmij~s jhf pmico gjek~s ch

pkjok ~kskj~od jhf omhaicov ~ksmi{vcmh( _chok vdk khf ma vdk Omif Rj~)vdk [hcvkf Hjvcmhs vmm djs ~kspmhfkf vm vdksk o~csks n

omgpikgkhvchb cvs pkjokekkpchb jovcqcvcks rcvd pkjokgjechb jhf

pkjok'n{cifchb chcvcjvcqks( Vmbkvdk~) vdk jcg jv vdk v~jhsam~gjvcmhma omhaicov jhf n~chbchb pkjok vm sv~cak'vm~h smockvcks( Omhaicov

v~jhsam~gjvcmh cgpicks j fkkp v~jhsam~gjvcmh ch vdk chsvcv{vcmhs

jhf fcsom{~sk vdjv ~kp~mf{ok qcmikhok) js rkii js ch vdk omhaicov pj~vcksvdkgskiqks jhf vdkc~ ~kijvcmhsdcp(2Joom~fchb vm Lmdjh Bjiv{hb) vdkpcmhkk~ ma pkjok ~kskj~od< V~jhsam~gjvcmh ~kz{c~ks v~jhsokhfkhok)

bmchb nkmhf vdk bmjis ma pj~vcks) $o~kjvchb j hkr ~kjicv icek vdk K[#

sm vdjv vdk pj~vcks ojh icqk jhf fkqkimp vmbkvdk~(4

Ch vdk icvk~jv{~k mh omhaicov v~jhsam~gjvcmh) vdk chqmiqkgkhv ma imoji

jhf chvk~hjvcmhji) gcicvj~ js rkii js ocqci jovm~s) jv qj~cm{s ikqkis ch

2 Micqk~ ^jhsnmvdjg) Vmg Rmmfdm{sk jhf D{bd Gcjii) Omhvkgpm~j~ Omhaicov ^ksmi{vcmh)_komhf Kfcvcmh) Ojgn~cfbk< Pmicv P~kss) >00;) p( >3(

4 Odj~iks Rknki jhf Lmdjh Bjiv{hb) Djhfnmme ma Pkjok jhf Omhaicov _v{fcks) Imhfmh002) p(:6(


9/50

4 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

vdksk p~mokssks ma v~jhsam~gjvcmh ma omhaicov djs ~kokcqkf omhscfk~jnik

jvvkhvcmh(3 Vdk djqk nkkh skkh js pijchb j pmscvcqk ~mik js khjnik~s

js rkii js j hkbjvcqk ~mik js spmcik~s(:0 Qk~ mavkh) vdk ~mik ma m{vscfk~sm~ vdc~f pj~vcks ch n~chbchb jnm{v pkjok djs nkkh okikn~jvkf( Gm~k

~kokhvi) vdk cgpm~vjhok ma chqmiqchb imoji jovm~s djs nkkh

~kombhcskf(:: Ch g{od ma vdcs icvk~jv{~k) vdk ~mik ma vdk gcicvj~cks-j~gkf am~oks ma vdk svjvk djs nkkh skqk~ki o~cvcocskf(:> Njskf mh j

sv{f ma vdk J~gs _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~) vdcs pjpk~

skkes vm gmfk~jvk vdk hkbjvcqk cgp~ksscmh ma vdk ~mik ma gmsv gcicvj~cks

ch vdk p~mokssks ma v~jhsam~gjvcmh ma omhaicov) choi{fchb vdkodj~jovk~csjvcmh ma vdk Chfcjh gcicvj~ js j spmcik~ $vdm{bd hmv

fkicn~jvki sm# ch vdk p~mokss ma pkjok'n{cifchb ch Ejsdgc~(:? Cv

omhoi{fks vdjv vdksk chcvcjvcqks ma vdk Chfcjh J~g djqk djf j icgcvkfn{v ok~vjch cgpjov mh vdk v~jhsam~gjvcmh ma vdk omhaicov ch Ljgg{

jhf Ejsdgc~(

Vdk pjpk~ cs njskf mh ackif qcscv {hfk~vjekh ch Gj~od'Jp~ci >0:0 vm

sv{f jhf jhjisks vdk jovcqcvcks ma vdk Chfcjh J~g ch vdk j~kj ma

~kspmhscncicv ma vdk Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf ch vdk svjvk ma Ljgg{ jhf

Ejsdgc~) kspkocjii vdk :; Om~ps $Ejsdgc~ Qjiik# jhf vdk :1 Om~ps$Ljgg{#( Vdk sv{f cs icgcvkf vm vdksk j~kjs jhf ktoi{fks vdk j~kj

{hfk~ :6 Om~ps $Ijfjed# nkoj{sk {hicek ch Ijfjed) _jfdndjqjhj ch

vdk mvdk~ vrm ~kbcmhs rjs j pj~v ma vdk J~gs om{hvk~chs{~bkhompk~jvcmhs( Ch kjod ~kbcmh) skikov pijoks ch vd~kk fcsv~covs rk~k qcscvkf

3 V( Fjqcf Gjsmh jhf Ljgks F( Gkkgce) Omhaicov P~kqkhvcmh jhf Pkjokn{cifchb ch Pmsv'Rj~ _mockvcks< _{svjchchb vdk Pkjok) Imhfmh< ^m{vikfbk) >001(

:0 Kfrj~f Hkrgjh jhf Micqk~ ^codgmhf $Kfs(#) Odjiikhbks vm Pkjok n{cifchb< Gjhjbchb

_pmcik~s F{~chb Omhaicov ^ksmi{vcmh) Vmem< [hcvkf Hjvcmhs [hcqk~scv P~kss) >001) p(6(:: Micqk~ ^jhsnmvdjg $kv(ji#) Hmvk 2) pp(>?'>3(

:> Oj~mih Hm~fsv~mg) Omhvksvkf Cfkhvcvcks-Ksskhvcjii Omhvksvkf Pmrk~s) ch E{gj~^{pkschbdk $Kf(#) Omhaicov V~jhsam~gjvcmh) Hkr Sm~e< _v( Gj~vchs P~kss) >00;) pp(3?'::?(

:? Ljcfkkp _jcecj _pmcik~s jhf Fkqcm{s Mnlkovcqks ch Ejsdgc~) ch Kfrj~f Hkrgjh jhfMicqk~) codgmhf $Kfs(#) Hmvk :0) pp( ?0:'?:3) j~b{ks vdjv vdk chvkiicbkhok m~bjhcsjvcmhs)vdk Chfcjh J~g jhf vdk n{~kj{o~jo mh vdk Chfcjh scfk jhf vdk Pjecsvjh J~g)chvkiicbkhok jbkhocks jhflcdjfcs mh vdk Pjecsvjhc scfk j~k jii spmcik~s(


10/50


vm bkv jh mqk~qckr ma vdk _jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs ktko{vkf( Vdk fcsv~covs

skikovkf ch vdk Ljgg{ ~kbcmh rk~k ^jlm{~c) Pmmhod jhf ^kjsc( Vdk

fcsv~covs skikovkf ch vdk qjiik rk~k Jhjhvhjb) Nj~jg{iij jhf E{prj~j(G{sejjh) jh m~pdjhjbk ch _~chjbj~ rjs jism pj~v ma vdk sv{f schok cv

cs j {hcz{k jvvkgpv vm ~kdjncicvjvk odcif~kh a~mg ajgcicks vdjv djqk

nkkh qcovcgs ma gcicvjho a~mg jii mqk~ vdk Qjiik(

Vdk qcscv vm _jfdndjqjhjp~mlkovs ch vdksk skhscvcqk j~kjs rjs ajocicvjvkf

n vdk Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf ma vdk Chfcjh J~g( Ch vdk om{~sk ma vdk

ackif sv{f) chvk~jovcmhs rk~k dkif rcvd maacocjis ma vdk Chfcjh J~gjs jism rcvd vdmsk nkhkacvchb a~mg qj~cm{s p~mlkovs( Ch gmsv pijoks)

jh jvvkgpv rjs gjfk vm vjie vm vdkg rcvdm{v jh J~g maacocjis ch

vdk qcochcv( Chvk~qckrs rk~k jism omhf{ovkf rcvd maacocjis ma vdk svjvkjfgchcsv~jvcmh) ktokpv ch Jhjhvhjb jhf ^kjsc rdk~k vdk omhok~hkf

maacocjis rk~k hmv jqjcijnik( Qckrs ma vrm maacocjis ma vdk svjvk

jfgchcsv~jvcmh ch pijoks vdjv rk~k hmv skikovkf am~ vdk ojsk sv{f)hjgki [fdjgp{~ jhf _~chjbj~) rk~k jism vjekh vm om~~mnm~jvk vdk

qckrs ma vdmsk ch vdk skikov fcsv~covs( Mhi ch vdksk vrm chvk~qckrs)

rk~k J~g maacocjis p~kskhv( Achjii) vdk qckrs ma jojfkgcos)

lm{~hjicsvs jhf ocqci smockv jovcqcsvs ch vdk pijoks skikovkf rk~k jismsmicocvkf(


11/50

:0 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf vdk Kqmi{vcmh maMp _jfdndjqjhj

Ch j ~kokhv jhjiscs ma Chfcjs om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok) ^jlksd

^jljbmpjijh cfkhvcacks vdk akjv{~ks vdjv djqk odj~jovk~cskf cv mqk~ vdkkj~s< icgcvkf {sk ma gcicvj~ am~ok) csmijvcmh ma b{k~~ciijs) fmgchjvchb

vdk j~kj ma mpk~jvcmhs) fkpimgkhv ma ij~bk vkjgs ch mpk~jvcmhs jhf~ksvm~chb hm~gjio vm khjnik pmicvcoji ~ksmi{vcmh ma vdk chs{~bkho(:6

Vdk sm{~ok ma vdksk p~jovcoks djs nkkh v~jokf n skqk~ji sodmij~s jhf

jhjisvs vm Hkd~{s jndm~~khok ma am~ok jhf vm vdk N~cvcsdom{hvk~chs{~bkho ktpk~ckhoks ch Gjijj(:; Okhv~ji vm vdk N~cvcsdom{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok ktkgpicackf ch vdk rm~echb ma Bkhk~ji

Bk~j~f Vkgpij~ rk~k gcicvj~'ocqci jovcmhs jhf ommpk~jvcmh(:1

Vdk Chfcjh J~gs om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok ch Ljgg{ jhf

Ejsdgc~ kqmiqkf mqk~vcgk vm choi{fk vjovcos s{od js< fkqkimpgkhv ma

~mjf'mpkhchb pj~vcks) {sk ma j om{hvk~chs{~bkho b~cf ssvkg) omqk~vjpp~kdkhscmh vkodhcz{k) {sk ma cedrjhs m~ ojpv{~kf gcicvjhvs ch

om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf o~kjvcmh ma j spkocji om{hvk~chs{~bkho am~ok)

:6 ^jlksd ^jljbmpjijh) Chs{~bkho jhf Om{hvk~chs{~bkho) dvvp0:05 Fcpjhej~ Njhk~lkk) Vdk Chfcjh J~gs Om{hvk~chs{~bkhoFmov~chk) ch _{gcv Bjhb{i jhf Fjqcf P( Acfik~) Hmvk :) pp( :30'>015 jlksd jljbmpjijh)Hmvk ?(

:1 Am~ vdk ktpmscvcmh mh vdk N~cvcsd om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok skk Lmdh J( Hjbi) Ikj~hchbvm Kjv _m{p rcvd j Ehcak< Om{hvk~chs{~bkho Ikssmhs a~mg Gjijj jhf Qckvhjg ) Odcojbm00>( Mh vdk cgpm~vjhok ma vdk pmicvcoji fcgkhscmh ma

om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf ocqci'gcicvj~ ommpk~jvcmh skk Fjqcf Ecio{iikh) vdk joocfkhvjib{k~~ciij< acbdvchb sgjii rj~s ch vdk gcfsv ma j ncb mhk) p( >1;( Am~ vdk 4 svkps vm nk amiimrkfch om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs) jhf vdk p~cgjo ma jovcqcvcks jcgkf jv vdk pkmpik jvkjod svjbk skk Fjqcf Bji{ij) Om{hvk~chs{~bkho Rj~aj~k< Vdkm~ jhf P~jovcok) Omhhkovco{v001 Kfcvcmh) p( 2;'36(


12/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ::

vdk^jsdv~cj ^caiks(:2 Vdk o{igchjvcmh ma skqk~ji kj~s ma ktpk~ckhok

rjs qcscnik ch vdk Chfcjh J~g Fmov~chk $>006# jhf vdk Fmov~chk am~

_{n'Omhqkhvcmhji Mpk~jvcmhs $>001#( Vdk fmov~chk oij~cacks vdk icgcvsjhf odj~jovk~csvcos ma vdk {sk ma am~ok ch hmh'omhqkhvcmhji mpk~jvcmhs)

ksvjnicsdks j ~kijvcmhsdcp nkvrkkh gcicvj~ jhf ocqci j{vdm~cv $vdk

Gchcsv~ ma Dmgk Jaajc~s#) jhf skkes vm b{cfk gcicvj~ p~cm~cvcks ch~ksm{~ok jiimojvcmh) kz{cpgkhv joz{cscvcmhs jhf v~jchchb jovcqcvcks(:4

Mpk~jvcmh _jfdndjqjhj) rdcod rjs p{v ch pijok skqk~ji kj~s nkam~k

vdk om{hvk~chs{~bkho fmov~chk rjs am~gjicskf) jppkj~s vm djqk nkkhj imbcoji o{igchjvcmh ma skqk~ji fcso~kvk n{v scbhcacojhv fkqkimpgkhvs

ch vdk kqmi{vcmh ma vdk Chfcjh J~gs om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok(

Ac~sv jgmhb vdksk rjs vdk J~gs ktpk~ckhok ch vdk Hm~vdkjsv jhfvdk cgpikgkhvjvcmh ma pkmpik'okhv~co p~mb~jggks {hfk~ Mp

_jgj~cvjh( _mgk J~g maacok~s vdk~kam~k ojgk vm vdk qjiik djqchb

chvk~hjicskf vdk cfkj vdjv om{hvk~chs{~bkho cs p~cgj~ci j pmicvcojikhfkjqm{~ jhf vdjv vdk ~mik ma vdk gcicvj~ m{bdv vm nk skomhfj~

jhf s{ppm~vcqk(:3 Vdk rk~k omhqchokf jnm{v vdk cgpm~vjhok ma

gchcgji {sk ma am~ok jhf ma rchhchb dkj~vs jhf gchfs rdcik

omhf{ovchb om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs( _komhfi) j~m{hf vdk sjgkvcgk) vdk n{fbkv ma vdk Chfcjh J~g rjs cho~kjskf rdcod khjnikf

vdk jiimojvcmh ma a{hfs am~ s{od jovcqcvcks( Achjii) cv rjs akiv vdjv vdjv

vdk J~g m{bdv vm nk ~kspmhscqk vm vdk omhok~hs ma d{gjh ~cbdvsb~m{ps rdcod djf nkkh skqk~ki o~cvcoji ma vdk dj~sd om~fmh jhf skj~od

mpk~jvcmhs {hfk~vjekh n vdk J~g ch vdk kj~i kj~s ma

om{hvk~chs{~bkho( Vd{s) joom~fchb vm Dj~chfk~ _chbd) Mp_jfdndjqjhj cs hmv mhi chfcojvcqk ma m~bjhcsjvcmhji chhmqjvcmh) n{v

jism ma mpk~jvcmhji ikj~hchb mqk~ vcgk( Vdk ^jsdv~cj ^caiks) nkchb

:2 _{gcv Bjhb{i) Hmvk >) pp( 4?'41( Am~ j gm~k fkvjcikf svm~ ma vdk m~cbch jhf b~mrvd mavdk^jsdv~cj caiks skk Ljgks Pcj||j) Komhmgco Fkqkimpgkhv) Pmm~i Gjhjbkf PmicvcojiOmhaicov jhf Vk~~m~csg ch Chfcj) _v{fcks ch Omhaicov jhf Vk~~m~csg) Qmi( ?>) >003) pp(601'6:3(

:4 _kk Fcpjhej~ Njhk~lkk) Hmvk :;) am~ vdk ~kjsmhs am~ vdk ijoe ma j om{hvk~chs{~bkho

fmov~chk) b{cfkichks vdjv b{cfkf om{hvk~chs{~bkho ch vdk jnskhok ma j fmov~chk jhf vdkcggkfcjvk cgpkv{s am~ vdk am~gjic|jvcmh ma vdk fmov~chk ch >001(

:3 Q(B( Pjvjhej~) Hmvk 6(


13/50

:> y J~pcvj Jhjhv

~kscfkhv {hcvs) jism ~kjicskf vdk cgpm~vjhok ma vdk chhmqjvcmh jhf

vdk~kam~k ikj~hv dmr vm nikhf _jfdndjqjhj rcvd om{hvk~ chs{~bkhv

mpk~jvcmhs(>0 Vdcs sv~jvkb) rdcod rjs vk~gkf n am~gk~ Odcka maJ~g _vjaa Bkhk~ji L(L( _chbd js vdk sv~jvkb ma vdk c~mh acsv ch j

qkiqkv bimqk ch >00;) djf jov{jii nkkh cgpikgkhvkf ch Ljgg{ jhf

Ejsdgc~ schok :332(>: Cv djf nkkh pj~v ma vdk v~jchchb cgpj~vkf vmsmifck~s ch vdk Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf L{hbik Rj~aj~k _odmmis jv

Ed~kr $Ejsdgc~#) _j~mi jhf Ndjfk~rjd $Ljgg{#(

Ch vdk chcvcji kj~s) vd~kk jovcqcvcks rk~k nkickqkf vm nk o~cvcoji am~rchhchb dkj~vs jhf gchfs5 omhf{ovchb kikovcmhs) ~kqcqchb vdk vm{~csg

chf{sv~ rdcod djf s{aak~kf cggkhski f{k vm vdk chs{~bkho jhf

om{hvk~chb vdk hkbjvcqk p~mpjbjhfj( Vd{s) rdcik vdk J~g jcfkfvdk ocqci j{vdm~cv ch vdk ac~sv vrm khfkjqm{~s) cv vmme vdk ikjf ch vdk

vdc~f vjse( Vdcs rjs fmhk n skhfchb Ejsdgc~c odcif~kh vm qcscv smgk

pj~vs ma Chfcj $Mp _jhbjg# n~chbchb odcif~kh a~mg mvdk~ pj~vs maChfcj vm vdk qjiik $Mp Gjcv~kk#) jhf ~kn{cifchb sodmmis vdjv djf nkkh

fksv~mkf n chs{~bkhvs-vk~~m~csvs $Mp [ljij#(>> Iv( Bkh( $^kvf(# Q(B(

Pjvjhej~) rdm rjs ~kspmhscnik am~ chcvcjvchb vdksk p~mb~jggks jhf

a~jgchb vdk ~{iks ma omhf{ov vm nk amiimrkf n J~g maacocjis chvdkc~ chvk~jovcmh rcvd vdk pkmpik) ktpijchkf vdjv vrm mvdk~ jovcqcvcks

rk~k jism svj~vkf j~m{hf vdk sjgk vcgk' ac~sv) pkmpik choi{fchb odcif~kh

rk~k vjekh vm Hkr Fkidc vm rcvhkss vdk ^kp{nico Fj okikn~jvcmhsrdcod sdmrojskf Chfcjs fcqk~scv ch jii cvs b~jhfk{~( Jism) j

p~mb~jggk ojiikf _c~jl'{h'Hcsj rjs chcvcjvkf vm p~mqcfk kikgkhvj~

omgp{vk~ jhf vpchb seciis vm rmgkh jhf vkjod vdkg gmvdk~ jhfodcif oj~k(>? Vdk chcvcji cfkj ma skvvchb {p sodmmis rcvd vdk dkip ma vdk

Omhakfk~jvcmh ma Chfcjh Chf{sv~cks $OCC# dmrkqk~) fcf hmv gjvk~cjicsk

nkoj{sk ma vdk {hok~vjch sko{~cv scv{jvcmh( Mvdk~ chcvcjvcqks s{od js

>0 Chvk~qckr rcvd Omi( Dj~chfk~ _chbd) ^kskj~od Akiimr) CF_J) Hkr Fkidc) 0: Fkokgnk~>0:0(

>: Chvk~qckr rcvd Iv( Bkh( $^kvf(# Q(B( Pjvjhej~) Hkr Fkidc) 04 Movmnk~ >0:0(

>> Q(B( Pjvjhej~ ) Hmvk 6) p( 26(

>? Q(B( Pjvjhej~) Hmvk >:(


14/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y :?

am~gjvcmh ma skia'dkip b~m{ps) chqmiqchb qciijbk~s ch vdk

cgpikgkhvjvcmh ma p~mlkovs) {schb a{hfs ma vdk Nm~fk~ J~kj

Fkqkimpgkhv P~mb~jggk $NJFP# am~ fkqkimpgkhv p~mlkovs rk~kjism {hfk~vjekh(

Vdk kj~icksv kqcfkhok ma s{od vdchechb ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~ cs vdk~kpm~v ma j sv{f b~m{p skv {p n vdk Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf vdjv rjs

p{nicsdkf ch :346(>6 Vdk ~kpm~v fcso{ssks ch fkvjci< vdk ~mik ma vdkchfcqcf{ji smifck~) vdk {hcv) vdk am~gjvcmh jhf ma vdk J~g js j rdmik

ch vdk svjvk( Cv cs vdk~kam~k hmv s{~p~cschb vdjv am~ gjh J~g maacocjis)_jfdndjqjhj cs l{sv vdk chsvcv{vcmhjicsjvcmh ma vdk rkiaj~k jovcqcvcks

vdjv vdk J~g rjs ji~kjf khbjbkf ch) vdm{bd rcvd qk~ icgcvkf a{hfs(_m rdkh cv rjs am~gjicskf) cv rjs hmv fcaaco{iv am~ vdkg vm jfjpv vmvdkc~ hkr ~miks(>; Dmrkqk~) vdk am~gjicsjvcmh ma vdk p~mokss djs jffkfvm vdk ~kspmhscncicvcks ma vdk J~g maacocjis( _chok vdk~k cs hm spkocaco

~ko~{cvgkhv am~ _jfdndjqjhj) smifck~s jhf maacok~s bkv chqmiqkf chvdk hcvv'b~cvv ma jfgchcsv~jvcmh jhf bmqk~hjhok( Bkvvchb oikj~jhoks

am~ p~mlkovs) joz{cscvcmh ma ijhf) chqcvchb vkhfk~s) khs{~chb z{jicv ch

vdk cha~jsv~{ov{~k p~mlkovs j~k hmr j pj~v ma vdk J~g maacocjis

gjhfjvk ch vdk Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf( _khcm~s maacok~s ma vdk J~gj~k dmrkqk~ oikj~ ch vdkc~ gchf vdjv Mp _jfdndjqjhj cs hmv jnm{v

imbcsvcos) hm~ cs cv jnm{v rkiaj~k) ~jvdk~ cv cs jh cgpm~vjhv fcgkhscmh

ma vdk mpk~jvcmhs ma vdk Chfcjh J~g(>1

>6 _v{f B~m{p) Dkjfz{j~vk~s Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf)_mifck~s mik ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~) :346(

>; Chvk~qckr rcvd N~cb( $^kvf(# B{~gkkv Ejhrji) Fc~kovm~) Okhv~k am~ Ijhf Rj~aj~k _v{fcks)Hkr Fkidc) 02 Fkokgnk~ >003(

>1 Chvk~qckr rcvd Gjl( Bkh( _( J( Djshjch) Fc~kovm~) Omiikbk ma Omgnjv) GDMR $[vvj~P~jfksd#) Hkr Fkidc) :0 Fkokgnk~ >003( _cgcij~ qckrs rk~k ktp~ksskf n skqk~ji skhcm~maacok~s chvk~qckrkf ch vdk om{~sk ma vdk ackif qcscv(


15/50

:6 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

Mp _jfdndjqjhj< Omhokpv jhfKtko{vcmh

Mp _jfdndjqjhj vdk Chfcjh J~gs gcicvj~'ocqco jovcmh $GOJ# rjs

ij{hodkf ch :334( Vdk fmov~chk ma s{n'omhqkhvcmhji rj~aj~k ~kikjskf

ch Fkokgnk~ >001 jism bcqks j okhv~ji pijok vm RDJG vd~m{bd ocqco

jovcmh(>2 Vdk chcvcjvcqk rjs omhokpv{jicskf js pj~v ma vdk mqk~jiiom{hvk~chs{~bkho sv~jvkb) rcvd vdk jffkf ktpkovkf nkhkacv ma vdk

omiikovcmh ma fcso~kvk chvkiicbkhok( Cv rjs jcgkf jv jodckqchb vrm bmjis( Vm ~kchvkb~jvk vdk pmp{ijvcmh vm vdk hjvcmhji gjchsv~kjg(>4

Vdcs rjs khqcsjbkf vm nk joomgpicsdkf n ~ksvm~chb vdk cha~jsv~{ov{~kvdjv rjs fksv~mkf f{~chb vdk chs{~bkho jhf n d{gjh ~ksm{~ok

fkqkimpgkhv ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~) vd{s p~kskhvchb j d{gjhk ajok

ma vdk J~g vm vdk imoji pmp{ijvcmh( Jv vdk om~k ma vdksk jovcmhs cs

vdk nkicka vdjv d{gjh sko{~cv cs vdk ek kikgkhv ma hjvcmhji sko{~cv)

rdcod ojh mhi nk khs{~kf vd~m{bd d{gjh jhf cha~jsv~{ov{~kfkqkimpgkhv(>3 Vdk bkhk~ji p~chocpiks b{cfchb Mp _jfdndjqjhj j~k2 J^V^JO) Fmov~chk am~ _{n'Omhqkhvcmhji Mpk~jvcmhs) >001) pp( 66'62(

>4 DZ Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf) Mp_jfdndjqjhj< N~mod{~k >004'03) ~kjf f{~chb vdk ackifv~cp (

>3 Jffcvcmhji Fc~kovm~jvk Bkhk~ji ma P{nico Cham~gjvcmh$JFBPC#) F~jav _vjhfj~f Mpk~jvchbP~mokf{~k $_MP# am~ P~mlkovs nkchb [hfk~vjekh {hfk~ Mpk~jvcmh _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{jhf Ejsdgc~ jhf Hm~vdkjsvk~h _vjvks) >004) pj~jb~jpd :) ~kjf f{~chb ackif qcscv ch Gj~od>0:0(


16/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y :;

Pijhhchb g{sv nk okhv~jicskf) n{v cvs ktko{vcmh g{sv nk

fkokhv~jicskf

P~mlkovs g{sv nk chcvcjvkf gjchi jv vdk qciijbk ikqki

P~mlkovs g{sv nk jcgkf jv skia kgpmrk~gkhv ma pkmpik

P~mlkovs g{sv nk s{svjchjnik

Vdk~k g{sv nk jh chvkb~jvcmh ma ocqco jovcqcvcks rcvd svjvk

jfgchcsv~jvcmh jhf omgg{hcv fkqkimpgkhv pijhs _{od chcvcjvcqks g{sv ~kspkov imoji ~kicbcmh) o{iv{~k jhf

v~jfcvcmhs(?0

Vdk amo{s maMp_jfdndjqjhj cs mh0:0(

?: DZ Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf) Hmvk >4( Js svjvkf ch vdk _MP) vdk sompk ma_jfdndjqjhj djsktpjhfkf js vdk fkgjhf a~mg pkmpik djs cho~kjskf(


17/50

:1 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

Vjnik :< Jiimojvcmh ma A{hfs am~ _jfdndjqjhj P~mlkovs

_m{~ok< DZ Hm~vdk~h Omggjhf) Mp_jfdndjqjhj< N~mod{~k >004'03(

Vdk achjhocji pmrk~s am~ vdk {sk ma vdksk a{hfs cs js amiimrs< Achjhocji Pmrk~s am~ Cgpikgkhvjvcmh ma P~mlkovs

OAJ< Omgpkvkhv Achjhocji J{vdm~cv $J~g Maacok~#

CAJ< Chvkb~jvkf Achjhocji Jfqcsm~ $Fkakhok Joom{hvs#

OAJ Achjhocji Pmrk~s $ch ijos#

Rcvdm{v CAJ Omho{~~khok RcvdCAJ Omho{~~khok

Nfk Of~ : ;

BMO Fcq : :0

BMO Om~ps > 60

BMO ch O 6 :00

_~ P~mlkovs Jiimvgkhv-Ktpkhfcv{~k ma A{hfs ch kjod AS

34 0; 0; 01 01 02 02 04 Vmvji

: Jgv Jiimvvkf $ch O~m~ks# 3>(6 ;?(3> ;:(0> 24(26 >21(04

Ktpkhfcv{~k ch ijos

> Omhsv~{ovcmh ma _odmmis ;1 06 0> 1>

? Jsscsvjhok vm Bmqv _odmmis ?1? :2: 624 ;62 :;;3

6 P~cgj~ Dkjivd Okhv~ks 6; 06 :64 44 >4;

; J~vcacocji Icgns P~mqcfkf :?1 ?> 0> 0? :2?

1 Omgg{hcv Fkqkimpgkhv >41 ?4 ;3 ?03 13>

Okhv~ks

2 Qmojvcmhji V~jchchb Okhv~ks :20 >; 10 >3 >46

4 Omhsv~{ovcmh ma mjfs ;6 01 :3 23

3 Omhsv~{ovcmh ma N~cfbks ?2 :: :1 04 2>

:0 Kikov~cacojvcmh ma Qciijbks :6; :>3 ;; :?0 6;3

:: Rjvk~ _{ppi _odkgks ;0> :?4 4; :01 4?:

:> Gco~m Dfki P~mlkovs :;: :32 101 61 :000


18/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y :2

Js chfcojvkf ch vdk vjnik) vdk omggjhfchb maacok~ jv kjod ikqki) rdm

cs vdk omgpkvkhv achjhocji j{vdm~cv) cs j{vdm~cskf vm sjhovcmh p~mlkovs

rcvdm{v-rcvd omho{~~khok ma vdk Chvkb~jvkf Achjhocji Jfqcsm~) rdmcs jh maacok~ ma vdk Chfcjh Fkakhok Joom{hvs _k~qcok $CFJ_#( Vdk

P~chocpji Omhv~miik~ ma Fkakhok Joom{hvs $POFJ#) Ljgg{ $jism jh

CFJ_ maacok~# cs vdk achji nmme'ekkpk~ ma vdk _jfdndjqjhj achjhoks(

Vdk~k cs jism j skz{khok ma jovcmhs spkocackf am~ p~mlkovs vm nk ktko{vkf(

Vdk ac~sv svkp cs vdk cfkhvcacojvcmh jhf skikovcmh ma p~mlkov jv vdk b~jss

~mmv ikqki) rdcod cs njskf mh vdk fkgjhf ma vdk pkmpik m~ vdk akivhkkf ma vdk pkmpik( Vdk skomhf svkp cs vdk p~mo{~kgkhv ma vdk hm

mnlkovcmh ok~vcacojvk a~mg vdk ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh jimhb rcvd ijhf

am~ vdk sjgk a~mg vdk ~kqkh{k fkpj~vgkhv( Vdkh j p~mlkov ~kpm~vrcvd j svjvkgkhv ma omsv jhf f~jav vkhfk~ fmo{gkhv cs skhv vm vdk CAJ

am~ omho{~~khok( Vkhfk~s j~k chqcvkf vd~m{bd jh mpkh vkhfk~ ssvkg

jhf kqji{jvkf n j vkhfk~ p{~odjsk omggcvvkk omgp~cschb ma vdkodjc~gjh) OAJ jhf CAJ( Mhok vdk vkhfk~ cs pjsskf) achji CAJ

omho{~~khok cs sm{bdv( Vdkh vdk OAJs sjhovcmh cs mnvjchkf jhf vdk

s{ppi m~fk~ cs pijokf( Vdk omgpikvcmh ~kpm~v cs odkoekf n vdk Nmj~f

ma Maacok~s $NMM#( Vdk p~mlkov cs vdkh djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk ocqcijfgchcsv~jvcmh( Vdk p~mlkov cs omgpikvkf jhf pjgkhv vm vdk

omhv~jovm~s cs gjfk ijvksv n Gj~od ?:( Amiimrchb vdcs fmo{gkhvs

j~k s{ngcvvkf am~ j pmsv cgpikgkhvjvcmh j{fcv(

Jivdm{bd Mp_jfdndjqjhj rjs maacocjii ij{hodkf ch jii ma Hm~vdk~h

Omggjhf) cv rjs chv~mf{okf ch Ijfjed) vdk :6 Om~ps j~kj ma

~kspmhscncicv ch >00>( Vdk o~kfcv am~ vdcs bmks vm vdk Om~ps

Omggjhfk~ Iv( Bkh( J~l{h ^j) rdm p~mgmvkf _jfdndjqjhj chvdk ~kbcmh ch vdk javk~gjvd ma vdk Ej~bci Rj~) vm gjek vdk pkmpik ch

vdksk nm~fk~ j~kjs akki vdjv vdk rk~k pj~v ma vdk hjvcmhji gjchsv~kjg(Vd{s) _jfdndjqjhj ch Ijfjed rjs khqcsjbkf js j smocm'pmicvcojisv~jvkb) pcbb'njoechb vdk jfgchcsv~jvcmh am~ fkqkimpgkhv jhf

bmqk~hjhok(?> Jv dcs pk~smhji chcvcjvcqk _jfdndjqjhj rjs vjekh

?> Qckrs bcqkh n Iv( Bkh( $^kvf(# J~l{h ^j) PQ_G) Q_G) ch ~kpi vm z{k~cks n vdkj{vdm~) :1 L{i >0:0 jhf ch mvdk~ s{nskz{khv omhqk~sjvcmhs(


19/50

:4 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

nkmhf vdk gcicvj~'ocqco jovcmh a~jgkrm~e jhf a{hfchb am~ skqk~ji

p~mlkovs rjs sko{~kf a~mg vdk p~cqjvk skovm~(??Vdk ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh

dk~k rjs mppmskf vm vdk J~gs chqmiqkgkhv ch css{ks ma bmqk~hjhok)rdcod vdk pk~okcqkf vm nk vdk smik ~kspmhscncicv ma vdk bmqk~hgkhv(

Dmrkqk~) vdcs rjs hmv vdk ojsk ch vdk mvdk~ vrm ~kbcmhs ma vdk svjvk(

Vdcs cs nkoj{sk vdk odjiikhbks ch vdk :; jhf :1 Om~ps j~kjs ma~kspmhscncicv rk~k fcaak~khv( Ch vdksk j~kjs vdk vjse rjs vm rch vdk

dkj~vs jhf gchfs ma jickhjvkf pmp{ijvcmhs rdcik omhf{ovchb

om{hvk~chs{~bkho mpk~jvcmhs( Ch vdksk j~kjs) _jfdndjqjhjomhvch{kf

vm nk cgpikgkhvkf js khqcsjbkf(

Vdk pjsscmh rcvd rdcod vdk J~g cgpikgkhvs _jfdndjqjhj cs

~kaikovkf ch vdk r~cvchbs ma gjh m{hb maacok~s ch P~jvcqcf~mdc$om{hvk~chs{~bkhv#) vdk lm{~hji ma vdk J~gs Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf

L{hbik Rj~aj~k _odmmi jv Qjc~jhbvk) Gc|m~jg( Vdk vjek p~cfk ch

vdk gkfcoji jcf nkchb bcqkh vm pkmpik ch ~kgmvk j~kjs rdm djqk hmjookss vm kqkh njsco dkjivdoj~k(?6 J scgcij~ skhsk ma p~cfk cs vjekh ch

vdk jovcqk pj~vcocpjvcmh ma rmgkh ch skqk~ji chcvcjvcqks) choi{fchb

kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s vm mvdk~ pj~vs ma vdk om{hv~(?; Vdk vjek jh chvk~ksv

ch vdk am~g s{od p~mlkovs sdm{if vjek jhf vdk oj~k jhf oj{vcmh rcvdrdcod smifck~s hkkf vm cgpikgkhv s{od p~mlkovs(?1 Vdk kqkh s{bbksv

rjs ma cgp~mqchb vdk cgpikgkhvjvcmh ma vdksk p~mlkovs n b~kjvk~

chvk~jovcmh rcvd maacocjis ch vdk ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh jhf dkipchb vdkocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh vm ojvk~ vm vdk fjci hkkfs ma vdk pkmpik(?2

?? Cncf( Vdk _cjodkh Dmspcvji rdcod rjs n{civ rcvd vdk dkip ma j fmhjvcmh ma ^s( > o~m~kbcqkh n vdk P{fdj~c B~m{p ma Hkrspjpk~ njskf ch Emidjp{~) Gjdj~jsdv~j(

?6 Omi( Jhci _dm~k) N{cifchb N~cfbks rcvd Nimmf ch L ! E) P~jvcqcf~mdc) Qmi( :) Gj~od>006) p( >2(

?; Ojpv( Ncl{ K(E) Jvvcv{fk ma Ejsdgc~c Rmgkh< J Rkiomgk Odjhbk)P~jvcqcf~mdc) Qmi(:) Gj~od >006) pp( ;1';2(

?1 Gjl( Ndjrksd Gjidmv~j)P~jvcqcf~mdc) Qmi( :) Gj~od >006) pp( ;6';;(

?2 Omi( jlksd Lmsd) Ocqco Jovcmh'Dmr rk Mqk~fm)P~jvcqcf~mdc) Qmi(CC) _kpvkgnk~ >001)pp( 61'645 Gjl( O(D( ^jm) Chfcjh J~g< Dj~nchbk~s ma Pkjok jhf _vjncicv ch L ! E)

P~jvcqcf~mdc) Qmi(CC) _kpvkgnk~ >001) pp( 12'2:(


20/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y :3

Jhf kv) vdk~k rk~k jism vdk sokpvcos) rdm akiv vdjv vdk fmrhscfk ma

nkchb j pkmpik'a~ckhfi J~g cs vdjv pkmpik hm imhbk~ ~kspkov vdk

J~g( Gjh jism akiv vdjv vdk j~k nkchb pk~okcqkf n pkmpik jsom~~{pv bmqk~hgkhv maacocjis immechb vm gjek gmhk n jrj~fchb

omhv~jovs( Sm{hbk~ maacok~s rk~k jism ojhfcf ch jfgcvvchb vdjv j

omhscfk~jnik jgm{hv ma vdkc~ vcgk jhf khk~b cs spkhv ch cgpikgkhvchb_jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs) ch jffcvcmh vm ~kb{ij~ f{vcks(


21/50

>0 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

_(Hm( P~mlkov H{gnk~: _odmmis ::

> M~pdjhjbks-Dmsvkis 06

? Rmgkh Kgpmrk~gkhv Okhv~ks 06

6 Omgp{vk~ V~jchchb Okhv~ks 0>

; Omgg{hcv Fkqkimpgkhv Okhv~ks 0:

1 Gmfki Qciijbks 0?

2 Kf{ojvcmhji Vm{~ 0:

4 Rjvk~ _{ppi P~mlkov 0:3 P~mlkovs am~ B{llj~-Njeek~rji Omgg{hcv 0>

:0 Dkjivd Oj~k Ajocicvcks 0>

Jhjiscs maMp_jfdndjqjhj P~mlkovs

_jfdndjqjhj p~mlkovs djqk gjchi nkkh cgpikgkhvkf ch vdk ~kgmvk

j~kjs ma Ljgg{ jhf vdk Qjiik( Vdk ~kjsmh am~ vdcs cs vdkc~ p~mtcgcv

vm vdk Ichk ma Omhv~mi rdcod gjeks vdkg q{ihk~jnik vm chaciv~jvcmhjhf chai{khoks a~mg jo~mss vdk nm~fk~( _m vdk J~g akiv vdk hkkf vm

p~mqcfk njsco jgkhcvcks vm vdk pkmpik ch vdksk ~kgmvk j~kjs vm cgp~mqkvdkc~ icqchb omhfcvcmhs jhf rchhchb vdkc~ dkj~vs jhf gchfs( Rdcikvdk~k j~k smgk p~mlkovs) kspkocjii sv{fkhv dmsvkis) omgp{vk~ v~jchchb

okhv~ks) rmgkh kgpmrk~gkhv okhv~ks ch ncbbk~ vmrhs jism) vdkc~

nkhkacocj~cks j~k gjchi m{hb pkmpik a~mg ~kgmvk j~kjs(

Vkh echfs ma p~mlkovs qcscvkf f{~chb ackif v~cp j~k icsvkf nkimr( $_kkJhhkt{~k C am~ fkvjcis#

Vjnik ?< P~mlkovs Qcscvkf

Njskf mh chvk~qckrs jhf fcso{sscmhs rcvd vdmsk nkhkacvchb a~mg vdkp~mlkovs) vdk ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh jhf smgk kf{ojvcmhcsvs jhf

p~mgchkhv lm{~hjicsvs) vdcs skovcmh jhjisks vdk qj~cm{s _jfdndjqjhj

p~mlkovs ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~(


22/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y >:

_odmmis

Vdk chcvcjvcqk ma skvvchb {p J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmis $JB_# ch ~kgmvk

j~kjs djs nkkh b~kjvi rkiomgkf n pkmpik icqchb ch vdksk j~kjs schoksodmmis ch vdksk j~kjs rk~k kcvdk~ hmh'ktcsvkhv) hmv a{hovcmhchb

p~mpk~i) m~ fksv~mkf n gcicvjhvs( Cv rjs rcfki dkif vdjv vdk sodmmis

skv {p n vdk J~g p~mqcfk {hchvk~~{pvkf jhf z{jicv kf{ojvcmh( Chgmsv pijoks) vdk J~g j~~jhbks n{sks am~ vdk odcif~kh jhf vkjodk~s

vm nk pcoekf {p a~mg hkj~n qciijbks jhf n~m{bdv vm sodmmi( Vdk

siijn{s ch vdksk sodmmis cs vdk sjgk js p~kso~cnkf n vdk Nmj~f ma_komhfj~ Kf{ojvcmh $NM_K# sm js vm ajocicvjvk kjs v~jhscvcmh ma

sv{fkhvs a~mg vdksk sodmmis vm mvdk~ chsvcv{vcmhs ma dcbdk~ ikj~hchb

ch vdk svjvk(

Rdcik ch vdk chcvcji kj~s) sodmmis rk~k skv {p ch ~kgmvk j~kjs) vrm~kokhv chcvcjvcqks djqk nkkh vdk skvvchb {p ma J~g Bmmfrcii P{nico

_odmmis ch jlm{~c $Ljgg{# jhf Pjdjibjg $Ejsdgc~ Qjiik#( Ch vdksk

~kscfkhvcji sodmmis) vdk siijn{s amiimrkf cs vdjv ma vdk Okhv~ji Nmj~f

ma _komhfj~ Kf{ojvcmh $ON_K#( Vdksk sodmmis p~kpj~k sv{fkhvs am~jii'Chfcj khv~jhok ktjgchjvcmhs jhf dcbdk~ kf{ojvcmh( Chvk~jovcmh rcvd

sv{fkhvs ch vdksk jhf gjh mvdk~ sodmmis ~kqkjikf vdjv jh jvvkgpv csgjfk vm n~chb sv{fkhvs a~mg vdk ~kgmvk om~hk~s ma vdk svjvk vdjvrk~k jaakovkf n gcicvjho( Jfgcsscmh vm vdk J~g Bmmfrcii P{nico

_odmmi cs g{od sm{bdv javk~ f{k vm vdk z{jicv ma kf{ojvcmh cv maak~s

jhf vdk svjvk'ma'vdk' j~v ajocicvcks( Ma vdk >> sv{fkhvs rdm pjsskf m{vch vdk ac~sv njvod ma oijss TCC) :0 sko{~kf jfgcsscmhs jv vdk Njnj

Bd{ijg _djd [hcqk~scv jv jlm{~c am~ khbchkk~chb) vrm oikj~kf vdk

gkfcoji khv~jhok ktjgchjvcmh ma P{hljn [hcqk~scv jhf mhk cs

sv{fchb omggk~ok ch Ljgg{( _v{fkhvs j~k bcqkh oj~kk~ om{hskiichbjhf smgk kqkh bkv gmvcqjvkf vm lmch vdk Chfcjh J~g(?4 J hmgchji

akk cs odj~bkf a~mg vdk sv{fkhvs) jhf vdk ~ksv cs nm~hk n vdk J~g(

Vdk pmp{ij~cv ma vdk sodmmis jhf vdk ajcvd ~kpmskf n sv{fkhvs jhf

pj~khvs jicek ch vdkg rk~k jism jppj~khv( Am~ chsvjhok) sv{fkhvs jv

?4 Chvk~qckr rcvd Ejgji \jgjhc) P~chocpji) JBP_) ^jlm{~c) >6 Gj~od >0:0(


23/50

>> y J~pcvj Jhjhv

vdk Pchkrmmf _odmmi jv Djgc~p{~ sjcf vdjv vdk rjhvkf dmsvki

ajocicvcks sm vdjv vdk rm{if hmv djqk vm v~jqki imhb fcsvjhoks( Vdk

jism dmpkf vdjv vdk rm{if bkv vdk mppm~v{hcv vm sv{f sockhoks{nlkovs ch oijss TC'TCC) vm ikj~h omgp{vk~s jhf djqk j ammvnjii b~m{hf

vm pij(?3 Joom~fchb vm vdk vkjodk~s jv Njnj Bj~cnfjs Jojfkg) Ldjiijs)

vdk pj~khvs ma sv{fkhvs sv{fchb vdk~k rk~k ~kz{ksvchb vdjv vdk p~cgj~sodmmi nk {pb~jfkf vm j skomhfj~ sodmmi {p vm oijss QCCC(60 Cv rjs

jism chvk~ksvchb vm ikj~h vdjv ch gjh ma vdksk sodmmis) gmsv ma vdk

vkjodk~s j~k rmgkh( Mhk ma vdk vkjodk~s jv vdk JB_ Pmvdj ch

_{~jhemvk ~kgchcsokf jnm{v j vcgk rdkh vdk~k rk~k mhi j djhfa{ima vkjodk~s jv vdk sodmmi5 vdk h{gnk~ djs hmr cho~kjskf vm >1( Mhi

acqk ma vdk vkjodk~s j~k gkh) vdk ~ksv j~k rmgkh( Vdk jfgchcsv~jvcmh

ma vdcs sodmmi rjs djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk svjvk j{vdm~cvcks) n{v f{k vm vdkp~kss{~k ktk~vkf n vdk pkmpik) vdk J~g rjs am~okf vm mqk~skk cvs

jfgchcsv~jvcmh( P~chocpji Hj|c~ Z{~ksdc) rdm ~kvc~kf a~mg vdk svjvk

kf{ojvcmh fkpj~vgkhv) ktpijchkf vdjv vdcs rjs nkoj{sk vdk~k rjsachjhocji v~jhspj~kho rdkh vdk J~g cs chqmiqkf jhf vdk~k cs j

o{iv{~k ma fcsocpichk rdcod vdk svjvk sodmmis ijoe(6: Dk jhf mvdk~svkjodchb ch sodmmis rk~k ma vdk mpchcmh vdjv vdk gkvdmf ma vkjodchb

ch J~g'~{h sodmmis cs g{od nkvvk~ schok odcif~kh j~k v~jchkf vm vdchejhjivcojii(

P~mqcfchb nkvvk~ cha~jsv~{ov{~k vm ktcsvchb svjvk sodmmis djs jism nkkh

ma v~kgkhfm{s dkip( Hj|c~ D{ssjch) vdk p~chocpji ma vdk Bmqk~hgkhv

Dcbdk~ _komhfj~ _odmmi ch Gjhljemvk) djs nkkh jnik vm p~mqcfk

njsco kf{ojvcmh ch omgp{vk~s jv dcs sodmmi rcvd vdk dkip ma vdk J~g(Kqkh vcii fjvk) omgp{vk~ v~jchchb cs bcqkh n J~g maacocjis( Chjffcvcmh) dk jpp~mjodks vdk J~g am~ mvdk~ {pb~jfjvcmhs s{od js

vcichb ma vdk aimm~ ma vdk omgp{vk~ okhv~k jhf vdk ~khmqjvcmh ma vdk

mif nimoe ma vdk sodmmi( _{nsvjhvcjvchb vdcs) vdk FcqcscmhjiOmggcsscmhk~ ma _~chjbj~) Hjskkg Ijhek~) jpp~kocjvkf vdk ajov vdjvvdk J~g rjs dkipchb vm cgp~mqk vdk cha~jsv~{ov{~k ch sodmmis n

?3 Chvk~jovcmh rcvd sv{fkhvs jhf vkjodk~s ma Pchkrmmf _odmmi) Djgc~p{~) >; Gj~od >0:0(

60 Chvk~jovcmh rcvd vkjodk~s jv Njnj Bj~cnfjs Jojfkg) Ldjiijs) >2 Gj~od >0:0(

6: Chvk~jovcmh rcvd P~chocpji jhf Vkjodk~s ma JB_ Pmvdj) _{~jhemvk) >; Gj~od >0:0(


24/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y >?

n{cifchb jffcvcmhji ~mmgs) vmcikv nimoes jhf p~mqcfchb omgp{vk~s)

g{od nkam~k a{hfs a~mg vdk okhv~jii spmhsm~kf sodkgk ma _j~q

_dcesdj Jndcjh $__J# rk~k gjfk jqjcijnik am~ vdkg(6>

Pk~qk| Gjlkkf ma vdk _jdj~j Vcgks jaac~gkf vdjv kqkh ch vdk Qjiik)rdk~k pkmpik djqk skkh j qk~ n~{vji ajok ma vdk Chfcjh J~g jhfs{aak~kf ojs{jivcks f{~chb gcicvjho) pkmpik djqk omgk vm jpp~kocjvk

vdk _jfdndjqjhj chcvcjvcqks ma vdk J~g( Ch ajov) kqkh pkmpik rdm

djqk s{aak~kf f{k vm jovcmhs ma vdk J~g djqk skhv vdkc~ odcif~kh vm

J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmis(6?

J omggmh p~mnikg ch gmsv sodmmis rjs vdk ijoe ma z{jicackf vkjodk~s

ch ~kgmvk j~kjs vm vkjod ch vdksk sodmmis( Jhmvdk~ css{k dcbdicbdvkf

rjs vdjv ch vdk sodmmis ~{h n vdk J~g) kspkocjii vdk p{nico sodmmis)omhscfk~jnik kgpdjscs rjs nkchb bcqkh vm ktv~j'o{~~co{ij~ jovcqcvcks

jhf vdcs rjs jaakovchb vdk sv{fcks ma vdk sv{fkhvs( Jhmvdk~ o~cvcoji

pk~okpvcmh rjs vdjv ch p{nico sodmmis) skqk~ji sv{fkhvs bcqkhjfgcsscmhs rk~k a~mg jaai{khv njoeb~m{hfs) rdk~kjs vdk kgpdjscs

sdm{if nk mh kf{ojvchb vdmsk nkimr vdk pmqk~v ichk jhf m~ a~mg

gcicvjho jaakovkf ajgcicks(

Dmsvkis jhf M~pdjhjbks

Vdk J~g hmv mhi djs dmsvkis jvvjodkf vm cvs mrh p{nico sodmmis) cvjism jcfs vdk ~khmqjvcmh jhf {pekkp ma svjvk'~{h dmsvkis am~ nms

$Njijsd~jgs# jhf bc~is $Hj~c Hcekvjh# a~mg hkkf ajgcicks( _{od dkip

djs nkkh b~kjvi jpp~kocjvkf n vdk s{pk~qcsm~s ma vdksk dmsvkis( Chajov) vdk s{pk~qcsm~ ma vdk Hj~c Hcekvjh ch Gkhfdj~ qk~ p~m{fi

sdmrkf pcov{~ks ma vdk J~g maacocjis pj~vcocpjvchb ch vdk rkffchb mamhk ma vdk m~pdjhkf bc~is(66 Ch mvdk~ pijoks icek Gjhljemvk) vdk nms

dmsvki rjs omhsv~{ovkf jhf) js pk~ ~kz{c~kgkhv) djhfkf mqk~ vm vdksvjvk j{vdm~cvcks( Cvs gjchvkhjhok schok vdkh vdm{bd ikjqks g{od vm

nk fksc~kf( Vdk J~g) dmrkqk~) omhvch{ks vm p~mqcfk vdk sv{fkhvs

6> Chvk~qckr rcvd Hjskkg Ijhek~) Fcqcscmhji Omggcsscmhk~) _~chjbj~) >3 Gj~od >0:0(

6? Chvk~qckr rcvd Pk~qk| Gjlkkf Imhk) _jdj~j Vcgks) ?: Gj~od >0:0(

66 Chvk~jovcmh rcvd Oj~kvjek~ jhf bc~is ma Hj~c Hcekvjh) Gkhfdj~) >2 Gj~od >0:0(


25/50

>6 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

rcvd hmvknmmes) svjvcmhk~ jhf smgkvcgks kqkh {hcam~gs( Jism) hm

p~mqcscmh rjs gjfk vm svm~k rjvk~ ch mqk~dkjf vjhes ma vdk njvd~mmgs

m{vscfk vdk dmsvki schok vdk dmsvki rjs imojvkf jimhb j sgjii ~cq{ikvjhf sv{fkhvs rk~k ktpkovkf vm {sk rjvk~ a~mg vdk~k( Dmrkqk~) schokvdk ~cq{ikv djs f~ckf {p) sv{fkhvs bm rcvdm{v rjvk~ jhf vdcs p~mnikg

djs hkcvdk~ nkkh jff~ksskf n vdk svjvk j{vdm~cvcks m~ vdk J~g(

Ch vdk ojsk ma Jhe{~ jhmvdk~ dmsvki) ch kjsc) vdk ijoe ma gjchvkhjhok

n vdk svjvk j{vdm~cvcks djf am~okf vdk oims{~k ma vdk dmsvki p~cm~ vm

vdk j{vdm~s ackif qcscv( Ch omhv~jsv) vdk J~gs mrh m~pdjhjbk ch_~chjbj~ rjs gjchvjchkf qk~ rkii) jhf cv rjs jism s{ppm~vchb vdkkf{ojvcmh ma vdk odcif~kh svjchb ch vdk m~pdjhjbk n skhfchb vdkg

vm qj~cm{s sodmmis ch vdk ocv(

Rmgkh Kgpmrk~gkhv Okhv~ks

Qmojvcmhji v~jchchb okhv~ks skv {p vm v~jch rmgkh ch imoji o~javs jhf

gj~ekv vdkc~ p~mf{ovs kspkocjii ch ~kgmvk j~kjs cs j p~mlkov vdjv skkgsvm djqk djf icgcvkf nkhkacv am~ j qj~ckv ma ~kjsmhs( Rdcik cv fmks

dkip khbjbk imoji rmgkh ch ~kgmvk j~kjs ch smgk p~mf{ovcqk jovcqcv)

s{svjchchb vdksk okhv~ks cs fcaaco{iv schok gjh ma vdksk chcvcjvcqks j~kch qk~ ~kgmvk j~kjs jhf vdk h{gnk~s ma vdmsk skkechb v~jchchb

frchfik mqk~ j pk~cmf ma vcgk( Gm~kmqk~) vdk gj~ekvchb ma vdksk

p~mf{ovs djs hmv nkkh j s{ookss js vdk z{jicv ma p~mf{ovs fmks hmvgkkv vdk ~kz{c~kgkhvs ma vdk gj~ekvs( Vdk [sdj Ajsdcmh Fkscbh

_odmmi ch Nj~jg{iij dmrkqk~ rjs jnik vm bkv s{aacockhv rmgkh am~

vdk om{~sks maak~kf( _mgk jgmhb vdkg rkhv mh vm mpkh vdkc~ mrh

nm{vcz{ks) n{v vdk jov{ji nkhkacv ma vdcs p~mb~jggk rjs dj~f vm bj{bk(

Omgp{vk~ V~jchchb Okhv~ks

Omgp{vk~ v~jchchb okhv~ks ch ~kgmvk pijoks djqk nkkh jpp~kocjvkf

b~kjvi js sodmmi bmchb odcif~kh) kspkocjii bc~is) djqk nkkh khom{~jbkf

vm ikj~h omgp{vk~s( Dmrkqk~) vdmsk ch gm~k {~njh imojvcmhs skkg vmnk p~mqcfchb omgp{vk~ v~jchchb scgcij~ vm mvdk~ omgp{vk~ v~jchchb

okhv~ks skv {p n vdk imoji ~kscfkhvs( Vdk khvd{scjsg vm skv {p

omgp{vk~ okhv~ks smgkvcgks kqkh ~ks{ivkf ch cii'omhokcqkf p~mlkovs(Vd{s) j omgp{vk~ okhv~k skv {p ch qciijbk Edmjs ch ^jlm{~c fcsv~cov


26/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y >;

skqk~ji kj~s jbm om{if hmv nk gjfk a{hovcmhji js vdk ac~sv ~mjf

omhhkovchb vdk qciijbk vm vdk ~mjf hkvrm~e rjs n{civ mhi ch >003(

Omgg{hcv Fkqkimpgkhv Okhv~ks $OFO#

Vdksk okhv~ks j~k khqcsjbkf js pijoks rdk~k pkmpik ch qciijbks ojhomhb~kbjvk am~ smocji jovcqcvcks( Ch skqk~ji pijoks) vdk okhv~ks j~k pj~v

ma j ij~bk~ gmfki qciijbk omgpikt( Rdcik s{od pijoks j~k ~kz{c~kf ch

~kgmvk pijoks rdk~k pkmpik fm hmv djqk j omgg{hcv djii) ch vdk

ktpk~ckhok ma smgk jfgchcsv~jvm~s) vdksk okhv~ks rk~k hmv ma g{od{sk ch mvdk~ pijoks( Ocvchb vdk ktjgpik ma vdk Omgg{hcv

Fkqkimpgkhv Okhv~k $OFO# ch _dmpcjh) Hjskkg Ijhek~ hj~~jvkfdmr cv djf vm nk achjii omhqk~vkf chvm j Qmojvcmhji V~jchchb Okhv~k(6;

Gmfki Qciijbks

Vdk J~g djs jism s{ppm~vkf gmfki qciijbks rdk~k sodmmis) omgp{vk~v~jchchb okhv~ks) j njsco gkfcoji ajocicvcks jhf j bghjsc{g j~k jiiomhvjchkf ch mhk omgpikt ch vdk qcochcv ma j akr qciijbks( Ch gmsv

pijoks) vdk bghjsc{gs rk~k hmv nkchb p{v vm {sk( Ch smgk pijoks)

ktcsvchb sodmmis j~m{hf rdcod vdk gmfki qciijbks djf nkkh fkqkimpkfrk~k nkchb ~{h rcvd njsco cha~jsv~{ov{~k) rdcik vdk bghjsc{gs rk~kkz{cppkf rcvd svjvk ma vdk j~v kz{cpgkhv( Jism) vdk gkfcoji s{n'okhv~ksrk~k hmv a{hovcmhji schok vdk djf hmv nkkh sjhovcmhkf n vdk svjvk

jhf hm fmovm~ rjs pmsvkf vm vdksk pijoks(

Kf{ojvcmhji Vm{~s

Chvk~jovcmh rcvd vdmsk rdm djf ~kv{~hkf a~mg kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s vm

G{gnjc jhf P{hk ~kqkjikf vdjv vdk pkmpik rk~k gmsv cgp~ksskf n

vdk ajov vdjv vdk~k rk~k Dchf{s p~jchb jv Djlc Jic jhf G{sicgs

p~jchb jv vdk _cffdcqchjje vkgpik ch G{gnjc( Sm{hb nms jhfkifk~s nmvd sjcf vdjv javk~ skkchb vdcs vdk nkickqkf vdk~k rjs j hkkf

vm odjhbk vdkc~ rj ma vdchechb ca vdk rjhvkf j nkvvk~ a{v{~k( Vdk

jism gkhvcmhkf vdk gjh mvdk~ rjs ch rdcod vdk J~g djs dkipkf

6; Hjskkg Ijhek~) Hmvk 6>(


27/50

>1 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

vdkc~ qciijbks s{od js< kikov~cacojvcmh) cgp~mqchb cha~jsv~{ov{~k ch

ktcsvchb sodmmis) p~mqcfchb bkhk~jvm~s) omgp{vk~ okhv~ks) rjvk~ vjhes)

sodmmi njbs jimhb rcvd nmmes jhf svjvcmhj~ am~ odcif~kh ma vdk am{~imoji sodmmis kvo(61 Vd{s am~ _djacz Gc~) vdk mhi ~kji s{ookss svm~ ma

Mp _jfdndjqjhj j~k vdk kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s( Vdksk vm{~s j~k rkii

~kokcqkf jhf vdk djqk djf j ~kji cgpjov ch vk~gs v~jhsam~gchb vdkpkmpiks cfkj ma Chfcj( 62 Gmsv mvdk~ chcvcjvcqks) dk akiv mhi

omgpikgkhvkf svjvk chcvcjvcqks ch ~kgmvk j~kjs jhf rk~k hmv pjvd'

n~kjechb(

Rjvk~ _{ppi-Dfki P~mlkovs

Rjvk~ s{ppi p~mlkovs s{od js v{nkrkiis fjci {sk j~k b~kjvi

jpp~kocjvkf( Vdcs cs kspkocjii sm schok vdk p~mlkovs j~k omgpikvkf ch jvcgk nm{hf gjhhk~ js omgpj~kf vm p~mlkovs vdjv j~k {hfk~vjekh n

vdk svjvk j{vdm~cvcks( Dmrkqk~) skqk~ji gco~m'dfki p~mlkovs $GDPs#

ch ~kgmvk fcsv~covs fcf hmv rm~e rkii js vdk sm{~ok ma rjvk~ rjs hmvpk~gjhkhv jhf vdk qciijbk omggcvvkks vm rdcod vdksk p~mlkovs rk~k

djhfkf mqk~ fcf hmv djqk vdk vkodhcoji ktpk~vcsk vm ~{h vdkg(64

_cgcij~i) ch E{prj~j fcsv~cov) hkj~i ?00 gco~m'dfki p~mlkovs rk~kfsa{hovcmhji( Jism) ch gjh pijoks rdk~k gco~m'dfki p~mlkovs rk~kp~mpmskf) vdk svjvk jfgchcsv~jvcmh rjhvkf vdjv ktcsvchb j~~jhbkgkhvs

am~ bkhk~jvchb pmrk~ am~ chfcqcf{ji {sk nk ~kpijokf n vdk gco~m'

dfki p~mlkovs( Kqkhv{jii) rdkh vdksk p~mlkovs fcf hmv ~{h p~mpk~i)cv fcsjppmchvkf gjh pkmpik(63

P~mlkovs am~ B{llj~ jhf Njeek~rji Omgg{hcvcks

Vdk hmgjfco B{llj~ jhf Njeek~rji omgg{hcvcks ma vdk svjvk djqk j

pjvvk~h ma skjsmhji gcb~jvcmh vdjv jaakovs vdk kf{ojvcmh ma vdkc~

61 Chvk~jovcmh rcvd Kf{ojvcmhji Vm{~ pj~vcocpjhvs) Gkhfdj~) >2 Gj~od >0:0(

62 _djacz Gc~) ^jlm{~c jhf Pmmhod om~~kspmhfkhv am~ B~kjvk~ Ejsdgc~) ch j vkikpdmhcoomhqk~sjvcmh mh >6 Gj~od >0:0(

64 Chvk~qckr rcvd Ljcpji _chbd) Fkp{v Omggcsscmhk~) ^jlm{~c) >6 Gj~od >0:0(

63 Hjskkg Ijhek~) Hmvk 6>(


28/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y >2

odcif~kh( Ch smgk pijoks jv vdkc~ ~kb{ij~ ojgpchb scvks) vdk J~g

p~mqcfks kf{ojvcmh n dc~chb imoji m{vd( _pkocji dmsvkis djqk nkkh

ksvjnicsdkf am~ odcif~kh ma vdksk omgg{hcvcks jhf vdksk djqk nkkhp~mqcfkf rcvd jii gmfk~h jgkhcvcks( Dmrkqk~) vdk~k akr sv{fkhvs chvdksk dmsvkis pk~djps f{k vm vdk gcb~jvm~ odj~jovk~ ma vdk

omgg{hcvcks(

Vdk hkkf am~ _jfdndjqjhj chcvcjvcqks jgmhb vdk omgg{hcvcks rjs

{hfk~som~kf n G(D( _djd ma vdk Fkb~kk Omiikbk jv Pmmhod( Dk

omhvkhfkf vdjv ch vdk fcsv~covs ma ^jlm{~c jhf Pmmhod) skqk~ji pkmpikdjf ktpk~ckhokf vdk om~fmh jhf skj~od mpk~jvcmhs ma vdk J~g chvdk kj~s ma gcicvjho( Vdk~k rjs vd{s j fkachcvk hkkf am~ j dkjichb

vm{od( Dmrkqk~) joom~fchb vm _djd) vdk~k rjs pk~djps hm hkkf vm

rch dkj~vs jhf gchfs ch vdksk ~kbcmhs schok vdk B{llj~'Njeek~rjijhf Pjdj~c omgg{hcvcks ch vdksk fcsv~covs rk~k jirjs p~m'Chfcj( Dk

ocvkf vdk h{gk~m{s jbcvjvcmhs n vdksk omgg{hcvcks am~ sodkf{ikfv~cnk svjv{s vdjv rm{if b{j~jhvkk vdkg ok~vjch p~cqcikbks {hfk~ vdk

Chfcjh Omhsvcv{vcmh) vm p~mqk vdkc~ pmchv( ;0

Dkjivd Oj~k AjocicvcksVdk gkfcoji ojgps m~bjhcskf n vdk J~g djqk nkkh jpp~kocjvkf

b~kjvi( Vdk j~k qk~ rkii jvvkhfkf schok ch vdk ~kgmvk j~kjs) bmmfgkfcoji ajocicvcks j~k hmv jqjcijnik( Jhmvdk~ hmqki chcvcjvcqk ma vdk

J~g rjs vm s{ppm~v vdk P~cvjg _chbd Am{hfjvcmh) j p~cqjvk dkjivd

oj~k p~mqcfk~ ch Pmmhod) rdm djs nkkh p~mqcfchb j~vcacocji icgns vmqcovcgs ma ktpimscmhs f{~chb vdk kj~s ma gcicvjho ch vdk svjvk(

Dmrkqk~) vdk skvvchb {p ma dkjivd oj~k okhv~ks ch smgk pijoks ) djs

nkkh p~mnikgjvco( Mhk ma vdk ~kjsmhs am~ vdcs cs nkoj{sk vdk hm

mnlkovcmh ok~vcacojvk am~ j p~mlkov rjs bcqkh n maacocjis rdm rk~khmv jrj~k ma rdkvdk~ cv djf nkkh sjhovcmhkf n vdk svjvk m~ hmv( _m

am~ ktjgpik) ch qciijbk _kcedi{ ch vdk Pmmhod fcsv~cov) kqkh rdkh vdk

dkjivd okhv~k rjs djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk jfgchcsv~jvcmh) vdk om{if hmv

;0 Chvk~qckr rcvd P~ma( G(D( _djd) Fkb~kk Omiikbk) Pmmhod) >1 Gj~od >0:0(


29/50

>4 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

p~mqcfk am~ fmovm~s) h{~sks jhf mvdk~ svjaa am~ vdk dkjivd okhv~k(;: Ch

mvdk~ pijoks) icek Bj~cpchfc jhf Edjfc) vdk ijhfmrhk~s rdm djf

p~mqcfkf ijhf am~ vdk dkjivd okhv~ks chscsvkf vdjv vdkc~ ~kijvcqks nkkgpimkf ch vdkg jhf vdk svjvk om{if hmv p~mqcfk v~jchkf pkmpik vm

~{h vdk dkjivd okhv~k( Am~ chsvjhok) j dkjivd okhv~k ch _j|cpm~k) Ijhbjvk

rjs a{ii kz{cppkf jhf kv cv djf nkkh imoekf'{p schok vdk p~kqcm{skj~ js vdk~k cs hm svjvk sjhovcmh am~ j dkjivd okhv~k vdk~k( Ch Nj~jg{iij)

j gkfcoji s{n'okhv~k skv {p n vdk J~g rjs kz{cppkf rcvd gkfcoji

ajocicvcks vdjv kqkh j P~cgj~ Dkjivd Okhv~k fmks hmv bkv(;>

;: Chvk~qckr rcvd E{ifkkp ^jl Edjl{~cj) Fkp{v Omggcsscmhk~) Pmmhod) >1 Gj~od >0:0(Vdcs rjs s{ppm~vkf n vdk F~( Hcj| Jdgjf) Odcka Gkfcoji Maacok~ ma Pmmhod ch vdkom{~sk ma j vkikpdmhco omhqk~sjvcmh(

;> Chvk~qckr rcvd _dmrejv Jdgkf Gc~) Fkp{v Omggcsscmhk~) E{prj~j) 0: Jp~ci >0:0(Vdk Odcka Gkfcoji Maacok~ F~( _djac jism chvk~jovkf rcvd vdk j{vdm~(


30/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y >3

Mp_jfdndjqjhj< J O~cvcoji Kqji{jvcmh

_jfdndjqjhj chqmiqks chvk~jovcmh nkvrkkh vdk J~g jhf vdk pkmpik

mh vdk mhk djhf jhf vdk J~g jhf vdk ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh mh vdkmvdk~( Mh nmvd vdksk om{hvs) vdk~k cs g{od sompk am~ cgp~mqkgkhv

ch vdk gjhhk~ ch rdcod vdk p~mlkovs j~k cgpikgkhvkf(

Vdk~k cs) am~ chsvjhok) sompk am~ nkvvk~ jsskssgkhv ma hkkfs ma vdkpkmpik( Vd{s) ch vdk Gjhbhj~ qciijbk ch Pmmhod fcsv~cov) rdk~k ch

Gj~od >0:0 j omgg{hcv djii rjs nkchb n{civ vdk pkmpik djf mvdk~

gm~k p~ksschb hkkfs s{od js< j rjvk~ vjhe) hmvknmmes am~ sv{fkhvs chsodmmis) sodmmi n{s am~ odcif~kh sv{fchb ch vdk Pmmhod vmrh) jh

jgn{ijhok) j qmojvcmhji v~jchchb okhv~k am~ rmgkh jhf j gmncik

vmrk~( Vdk ~kjsmh am~ vdcs rjs vdjv vdk imoji jfgchcsv~jvcmh djf hmvpjcf dkkf vm vdkc~ fkgjhfs am~ skqk~ji kj~s) jhf vdk akiv vdksk

fkgjhfs rm{if nk gkv ch j vcgk nm{hf gjhhk~ n vdk J~g( ;?

_kqk~ji ma vdksk hkkfs jppkj~kf gm~k a{hfjgkhvji vdjh vdk n{cifchb

ma j omgg{hcv djii(

Ch jffcvcmh) vdk~k cs jism vdk hkkf am~ nkchb ~kspmhscqk vm vdk hkkfs ma

pkmpik rdmsk ijhf djs nkkh joz{c~kf am~ ij~bk p~mlkovs s{od js vdk

JBP_ Pjdjibjg) jhf am~ gjechb s{od p~mlkovs g{v{jii nkhkacocji(

Vd{s) vdk qciijbk dkjfgjh jhf pkmpik ma vdk B{llj~ imojicv hkj~ vdksodmmi sjcf vdjv vdk rm{if nkhkacv a~mg bkvvchb smij~ icbdvs jhf

ommek~s) jhf rjvk~ vjhes js pj~v ma_jfdndjqjhj( Vdk jism s{bbksvkf

vdjv vdk omgg{hcv om{if p~mqcfk b~mok~cks jhf gcie vm vdk ~kscfkhvcjisodmmi) jhf vdcs om{if nk j bmmf sm{~ok ma chomgk am~ vdkg(;6 Jhmvdk~

rj vm cho~kjsk vdk chvk~ajok nkvrkkh vdk J~g jhf vdk pkmpik rm{ifnk vm kgpim z{jicackf b~jf{jvks) rdm djqk icgcvkf kgpimgkhvmppm~v{hcvcks ch vdk svjvk( Gm~k khbjbkgkhv rcvd ocqci smockv b~m{ps

vdjv j~k khbjbkf ch rkiaj~k m~ fkqkimpgkhvji jovcqcvcks cs jism fksc~jnik(

;? Chvk~jovcmh rcvd qciijbk~s ch Gjhbhj~) >1 Gj~od >0:0(

;6 Chvk~jovcmh rcvd vdk dkjfgjh jhf smgk mvdk~ pkmpik ma qciijbk Icf~{) ?0 Gj~od >0:0(


31/50

?0 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

Vdc~fi) rdcik vdk _jfdndjqjhj ch vdk chcvcji kj~s rjs pk~djps ~cbdvi

bkj~kf vmrj~fs vdk sodmmi bmchb odcif~kh jhf rmgkh) smgk

khbjbkgkhv rcvd vdk m{vd rdm djqk nkkh fc~kovi m~ chfc~kovijaakovkf n vdk omhaicov schok :343 cs cgpk~jvcqk( Vd{s) joom~fchb vm

G(J( Rjhc) p~chocpji ma vdk Bmqk~hgkhv Fkb~kk Omiikbk ma E{prj~j)

m{hb pkmpik ch vdk jbk b~m{p ma :4'>: kj~s rdm am~g hkj~i 10 pk~okhv ma vdk pmp{ijvcmh ma vdk Qjiik) djqk njf gkgm~cks ma vdk kj~s

ma chs{~bkho( Cv rm{if vdk~kam~k nk {ska{i vm djqk smgk p~mlkovs

vdjv om{if chqmiqk vdkg) kcvdk~ js svjekdmifk~s ch o~kjvchb smgk jsskvs)

m~ js nkhkacocj~cks(;;

Vdk~k cs jism j b~kjvk~ hkkf am~ omm~fchjvcmh rcvd vdk svjvk

jfgchcsv~jvcmh( Ch vdk chcvcji kj~s) vdk maacocjis ch vdk svjvkjfgchcsv~jvcmh jpp~kocjvkf vdk ~mik ma vdk J~g ch skvvchb {p sodmmis)

gjechb rjiechb v~joes-~mjfs) n{cifchb sgjii n~cfbks jhf p~mqcfchb

gkfcoji oj~k ch j~kjs rdk~k vdk svjvk bmqk~hgkhv om{if hmv ~kjodf{~chb vdk chs{~bkho kj~s( Vdk~k rjs jism vdk nkicka vdjv ca vdk

J~g bmv j bmmf hjgk) cv rm{if dkip ch acbdvchb gcicvjho(;1 Js j

~ks{iv ch vdk ojsk ma smgk p~mlkovs) s{od js am{~ n~cfbks ch Jhjhvhjb

fcsv~cov rdcod rk~k ~kz{c~kf vm nk omgpikvkf ch sdm~v vcgk)ommpk~jvcmh nkvrkkh ocqci jhf gcicvj~ j{vdm~cvcks rjs s{ookssa{i( Ch

vdksk kj~s) vdk svjvk jfgchcsv~jvcmh s{ppm~vkf vdk J~gs chcvcjvcqks

n p~mqcfchb hm'mnlkovcmh ok~vcacojvks jhf ijhf am~ p~mlkovs(;2

Dmrkqk~) schok vdk fkoichk ch vdk ikqkis ma gcicvjho mvdk~

fkqkimpgkhv p~mlkovs djqk nkkh chcvcjvkf) rdcod ~kz{c~k g{od nkvvk~

omm~fchjvcmh nkvrkkh vdk J~g j{vdm~cvcks jhf vdk svjvkjfgchcsv~jvcmh( Am~ chsvjhok) vdk J~g omhv~cn{vkf scbhcacojhvi ch

gjechb ~mjfs vm p~mqcfk omhhkovcqcv vm qciijbks( Dmrkqk~) rcvd vdk

gjh mvdk~ sm{~oks ma a{hfchb am~ ~mjfs a~mg vdk okhv~ji sodkgks

icek vdk P~jfdjh Gjhv~c B~jg _jfje Smlhj $PGB_S#) Hjvcmhji Njhe

;; Chvk~qckr rcvd P~ma( G(J( Rjhc) P~chocpji Bmqk~hgkhv Fkb~kk Omiikbk) E{prj~j) 0:

Jp~ci >0:0(

;1 Chvk~qckr rcvd F~( _(_( Nimk~cj) am~gk~ Odcka _ko~kvj~) Bmqk~hgkhv ma Ljgg{ jhfEjsdgc~) Ljgg{) >4 Gj~od >0:0(

;2 Chvk~qckr rcvd Njskk~ Jdgjf Edjh) Fkp{v Omggcsscmhk~) [fdjgp{~) >? Gj~od >0:0(


32/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ?:

am~ ^{~ji Fkqkimpgkhv $HJNJ^F#) Nm~fk~ ^mjfs M~bjhcsjvcmh

$N^M#) Okhv~ji ^mjf A{hf $O^A# ch jffcvcmh vm fcsv~cov a{hfs) cv

gj nk nksv am~ vdk J~g vm rcvdf~jr a~mg vdcs jovcqcv) {hikssspkocacojii ~kz{ksvkf n vdk jfgchcsv~jvcmh(;4 Vd{s am~ chsvjhok) ch

vdk omhsv~{ovcmh ma ammvn~cfbks ch ~kgmvk j~kjs ma vdk E{prj~j fcsv~cov

icek Gjodci) Ek~jh jhf Vjhbfdj~) vdk J~gs omhv~cn{vcmh rm{if svciink qji{jnik5 sm rm{if nk vdk o~kjvcmh ma spm~vs ajocicvcks ch ~kgmvk pijoks(

Ch vdcs omhvktv) cv cs jism cgpm~vjhv vdjv vdk J~gs p~mlkovs j~k

fmqkvjcikf rcvd vdk mqk~jii pijh ma fkqkimpgkhv ma vdk fcsv~cov( Vdcsrm{if dkip ch shk~bcschb jii fkqkimpgkhvji chcvcjvcqks(

Mh vdk mvdk~ djhf) cv g{sv jism nk vjekh chvm joom{hv vdjv javk~ vdk

J~gs cha~jsv~{ov{~k p~mlkovs j~k djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk svjvk) vdk ijoe

ma gjchvkhjhok mavkh ~ks{ivs ch vdkc~ fkvk~cm~jvcmh mqk~ j pk~cmf mavcgk( Mhk omggmh ~ka~jch ma J~g maacocjis cs vdjv vdk~k cs fkij ch

vdk vjek'mqk~ ma p~mlkovs n vdk svjvk jfgchcsv~jvcmh( Js j ~ks{iv ch

gjh j~kjs) ajocicvcks o~kjvkf djqk hmv nkkh {vcicskf( Vdk gco~m'dfkip~mlkovs skv {p n vdk J~g rk~k ocvkf js vdk gmsv omggmh ktjgpik(

J~g j{vdm~cvcks djqk djf vm ~kpjc~ jhf ~k'djhf mqk~ vdksk p~mlkovs

vm pkmpik vcgk jhf jbjch( Vdk~kam~k) vdk rk~k omhscfk~chb hmva{hfchb s{od p~mlkovs ch vdk a{v{~k( Jivdm{bd s{od css{ks j~k fcso{sskf

jv vdk ocqci'gcicvj~ icjcsmh omhak~khoks jv jii ikqkis) vdk p~mnikgs pk~scsv(

Mh j gm~k o~cvcoji hmvk) spkjechb mh omhfcvcmh ma jhmhgcv) j akr

jgmhb vdmsk chvk~qckrkf pmchvkf m{v vdk qk~ pmm~ z{jicv maomhsv~{ovcmh {hfk~vjekh {hfk~ _jfdndjqjhj 5 vdk ijoe ma p~mpk~

sjhcvjvcmh ch smgk qmojvcmhji v~jchchb okhv~ks jhf sodmmis5 vdk

ajqm{~cvcsg ch vdk jrj~fchb vdk omhv~jovs vm skikov omhv~jovm~s ch vdkktko{vcmh ma vdk p~mlkovs5 vdk omhfksokhfchb jvvcv{fk rcvd rdcod

ok~vjch maacocjis nkdjqkf rcvd nkhkacocj~cks5 vdk {hrj~~jhvkf p{nicocv)pmgp jhf sdmr rcvd rdcod p~mlkovs j~k chj{b{~jvkf( _mgk pkmpik

ktp~ksskf sjfhkss vdjv d{gjh ~cbdvs qcmijvcmhs moo{~kf jimhb scfk_jfdndjqjhj chcvcjvcqks( Mvdk~s akiv vdjv vdk jcg ma_jfdndjqjhj) z{cvk

{hicek rdjv vdk vk~g s{bbksvs) rjs mhi vm bkv gm~k cham~gjvcmh

;4 Ljcpji _chbd) Hmvk 64(


33/50

?> y J~pcvj Jhjhv

jnm{v gcicvjhv jovcqcvcks a~mg vdk omggmh pkmpik( Vdk rk~k ma vdk

qckr vdjv) kspkocjii ch vdk Qjiik) pkmpik rm{if p~kak~ j ~kf{okf

J~g p~kskhok(

Mp_jfdndjqjhj jhf vdk v~jhsam~gjvcmh ma vdk omhaicov

Ch vdk chcvcji kj~s ma_jfdndjqjhj ch vdk Qjiik) vdk mqk~ b~m{hf

rm~ek~s $MBRs# jssmocjvkf rcvd gcicvjhv b~m{ps vd~kjvkhkf vdmskrdm rk~k jssmocjvchb rcvd vdk J~g( Dmrkqk~) js vcgk rkhv n)

pkmpik svj~vkf skkchb vdk J~g ch j fcaak~khv icbdv( _{od mqk~v vd~kjvs

djqk hmr hkj~i okjskf) jivdm{bd ch smgk vmrhs) vdk djqk bcqkhrj vm ajisk p~mpjbjhfj jbjchsv vdk J~gs chcvcjvcqks( Vdk pmp{ij~cv

ma J~g sodmmis jhf kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s cs j ojsk ch pmchv( Ch gmsv

sodmmis) d{hf~kfs ma jppicojvcmhs am~ jfgcsscmh djqk vm nk v{~hkf

fmrh f{k vm icgcvjvcmhs ma cha~jsv~{ov{~k( Vdcs cs djppkhchb fkspcvkvdk ajov vdjv ch gjh sodmmis) vkjodk~s kgpimkf j~k hmv a{ii z{jicackf

vm vkjod( Vdcs cs nkoj{sk vdk vkjod nkvvk~ vdjh vdkc~ om{hvk~pj~vs ch

imoji bmqk~hgkhv sodmmis jhf vdk g{sd~mmgchb mhk'~mmg p~cqjvk

sodmmis( Jism) vdk sodmmis j~k ch b~kjv fkgjhf kqkh vdm{bd vdk akk

odj~bkf ch vdksk sodmmis cs g{od dcbdk~ vdjh ch bmqk~hgkhv sodmmis(Ch vdk mpchcmh ma gmsv J~g maacocjis) _jfdndjqjhj djs gjfk smgkfcaak~khok ch vdk rj pkmpik pk~okcqk vdk J~g( Vdk~k cs j fcaak~khok

ch vdk nmf ijhb{jbk ma vdk pkmpik( Vdcs cs ~kaikovkf ch vdk cho~kjschb

fkgjhfs gjfk n vdk pkmpik( Gm~k sm) ch gmsv pijoks) choi{fchb vdkqjiik) vdk fm hmv dkscvjvk vm skhf rmgkh vm omgp{vk~ okhv~ks jhf

qmojvcmhji v~jchchb okhv~ks ~{h-skv {p n vdk J~g( Ch ajov) vdk j~k

mavkh v~kjvkf js s{nsvcv{vks am~ ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh( _mgk kqkh pk~okcqkj pk~okpvcnik cgpjov ch vk~gs ma j fkoichk ch vdk s{ppm~v am~ gcicvjho

jhf ~csk ch omggk~ocji jovcqcvcks(

_mgk mvdk~s rk~k fcsdkj~vkhkf n vdk ajov vdjv pkmpiks pj~vcocpjvcmh

cs mavkh hmv am~vdomgchb) jhf vdjv vdk gk~ki ~kokcqk vdk nkhkacvsrcvdm{v odjhbchb vdkc~ jvvcv{fk vmrj~fs vdk J~g(;3 Maacocjis jv

;3 Omi( (O( Pjvcji) _G) Mpk~jvcmh _jfdndjqjhj'_dchchb)P~jvcqcf~mdc)Qmi( :) Gj~od >001)pp( >?'>6


34/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ??

fcaak~khv ikqkis jhf ch fcaak~khv imojiks sjcf vdjv vdk jodckqkgkhv ma

_jfdndjqjhj) ch vk~gs ma vdk svjvkf jcgs ma r~ksvchb vdk chcvcjvcqk

a~mg vdk gcicvjhvs jhf ~kchvkb~jvchb vdk pmp{ijvcmh chvm vdk hjvcmhjigjchsv~kjg) cs nkvrkkh ;0'2; pk~ okhv(

Gm~k cgpm~vjhvi vdm{bd) jgmhb jii vdk pkmpik rdm rk~k

chvk~qckrkf) vdk~k rk~k hmhk rdm rk~k mppmskf vm vdk chcvcjvcqks mavdk J~g( Ch ajov) Aj~{ed G{svj~) j p~mgchkhv kf{ojvcmhcsv ma ^jlm{~c

ch vdk Ljgg{ ~kbcmh) ~kqkjikf vdjv vdk rkiaj~k jovcqcvcks om{pikf rcvd

cgp~mqkf d{gjh ~cbdvs ~kom~f ma vdk J~g jhf nkvvk~ p{nico ~kijvcmhsdjf ok~vjchi p~mqcfkf j dkjichb vm{od(10 Jvvksvchb vm vdk jookpvjhokma vdk J~gs chcvcjvcqks ch vdk Ejsdgc~ Qjiik) Vjdc~ Gjdc{ffch)

kfcvm~ Odjvvjh) sjcf) $v#dk cok cs oikj~i n~mekh(1:

Cv g{sv nk nm~hk ch gchf vdjv ch pijoks icek Nj~jg{iij jhf _mpm~k)

rdcod djqk nkkh vdk njsvcmhs ma vdk skpj~jvcsv skhvcgkhv) vdksk

chcvcjvcqks ma vdk J~g j~k svcii hmv rkii ~kokcqkf( Ktpijchchb vdk~kjsmhs am~ vdcs ^jlj Hj|j~) j p~mgchkhv r~cvk~ jhf kf{ojvcmhcsv ma

Nmhcj~) sjcf< Ch pijoks icek [~c) pkmpik djqk skkh vdk bmmf ajok ma

vdk J~g schok chfkpkhfkhok( Vdk djqk jism nkkh fkpkhfkhv mh

vdk J~g am~ lmns( _m vdk J~gs _jfdndjqjhj ch vdksk j~kjs cs rkii~kokcqkf( Dmrkqk~) ch pijoks icek Nj~jg{iij) vdk ac~sv gkgm~cks ma

vdk J~g j~k vdmsk ma vdkc~ dj~sd ~kspmhsk f{~chb vdk kj~s ma

chs{~bkho) sm vdk j~k fcaaco{iv vm k~jsk) gjechb vdk vjse ma rchhchbdkj~vs jhf gchfs fcaaco{iv(1>

J o~{ocji ~kgchfk~ ma vdk icgcvjvcmhs ma vdk J~gs chcvcjvcqks rjs j

omggkhv n _d{ljjv N{edj~c< rdcik vdk chcvcjvcqk ma vdk J~g csqk~ p~jcskrm~vd) ~kji pkjok rcii mhi omgk vm vdk svjvk rcvd vdk

~ksmi{vcmh ma vdk pmicvcoji p~mnikg(1?

10 Chvk~jovcmh rcvd Aj~{ed G{svj~) Fc~kovm~) Dcgjijjh Kf{ojvcmh Gcsscmh _mockv jhfdcs omiikjb{ks) ^jlm{~c) >2 Gj~od >0:0(

1: Chvk~jovcmh rcvd Vjdc~ Gjdc{ffch) Kfcvm~) Odjvvjh jhf j b~m{p ma lm{~hjicsvs) _~chjbj~)?: Gj~od >0:0(

1> Chvk~qckr rcvd jlj Hj|j~) R~cvk~ jhf Fc~kovm~) Omqj Qjh Ejsdgc~ Ehmrikfbk Okhv~k)Nmhcj~) 0? Jp~ci >0:0(

1? Chvk~qckr rcvd _d{ljjv N{edj~c) N{~kj{ Odcka) Vdk Dchf{) _~chjbj~) ?: Gj~od >0:0(


35/50

?6 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

Omhoi{scmh

Omhv~j~ vm vdk nkicka ma vdk J~g nkchb omgpikvki jhvc'pkmpik)

jhf jii pkmpik nkchb jhvc'J~g) vdk sv{f ~kqkjikf vdjv ch vdk

chs{~bkho jaakovkf j~kjs ma Ljgg{ jhf vdk Ejsdgc~ Qjiik) vdk vrmj~k khbjbchb kjod mvdk~) skikovcqki kv pmscvcqki( Ch ajov) vdk~k rjs

fcsok~hcnik omgam~v nkvrkkh vdk J~g maacocjis jhf vdk pkmpik5 gm~ksm ch vdk Ljgg{ ~kbcmh vdjh ch vdk Qjiik( Jism) ch smgk pijoks)pkmpik spmek dcbdi ma vdk J~g maacocjis vdk djf chvk~jovkf rcvd(

Vdk amhfi ~kgkgnk~kf smgk maacok~s rdm djf nkkh pmsvkf vdk~k

jhf rdm djf vjekh bkh{chk chvk~ksv ch vdk rkiaj~k ma vdk imoji pkmpik(Rdcik vdksk chcvcjvcqks fm cho~kjsk vdk ~kspmhscncicvcks ma vdk J~g

maacocjis) vdk ok~vjchi dkip ch cgp~mqchb cvs cgjbk jhf vdk cgjbk ma

vdk Chfcjh svjvk( Vdk kjsk rcvd rdcod pkmpik' sodmmi odcif~kh) rmgkh)

pjvckhvs) m{hb gkh' rk~k chvk~jovchb rcvd vdk J~g maacocjis gjfkvdcs mnqcm{s( Vdk ajov vdjv pkmpik) chsvkjf ma skkechb dkip a~mg vdk

ocqci jfgchcsv~jvcmh) bm vm vdk J~g rcvd vdkc~ fkgjhfs p~mqks vdjv_jfdndjqjhj djs nkkh rkii ~kokcqkf( Omhqk~ski) vdk jism j~k jpmchvk~ vm vdk hkkf am~ nkvvk~ bmqk~hjhok(

Njskf mh vdk jhjiscs ma qj~cm{s p~mlkovs jhf vdk o~cvcz{k ma_jfdndjqjhj jnmqk) cv cs oikj~ vdjv vdk~k cs sompk am~ cgp~mqkgkhv ch

vdk echf ma p~mlkovs {hfk~vjekh jhf vdkc~ gjhhk~ ma cgpikgkhvjvcmh(

Ch vdk omhvktv ma mh'bmchb chcvcjvcqks) bkhk~jii) vdk amo{s mh ~kgmvk

j~kjs g{sv omhvch{k schok vdk nkhkacvs ma pkjok jhf p~mspk~cv rciivjek vcgk vm ~kjod vdk ~kgmvk j~kjs( Gm~k spkocacojii) vdk o{~~khv

kgpdjscs mh kf{ojvcmh jhf dkjivd'~kijvkf p~mlkovs g{sv omhvch{k jsvdk djqk j fc~kov cgpjov mh pkmpiks icqks( Vdk kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s vmmvdk~ pj~vs ma vdk om{hv~ rdcod j~k d{bki pmp{ij~ g{sv jism

omhvch{k( Vdk~k cs j hkkf vm ~kvdche chcvcjvcqks s{od js omgg{hcv

fkqkimpgkhv okhv~ks jhf omgp{vk~ okhv~ks( Omm~fchjvcmh rcvdjpp~mp~cjvk ocqci j{vdm~cvcks jv jii ikqkis om{if nk cgp~mqkf( Vdk

z{jicv ma cha~jsv~{ov{~k p~mlkovs) vm vdk icgcvkf ktvkhv {hfk~vjekh)

ojh jism nk cgp~mqkf(


36/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ?;

Vdk amiimrchb s{bbksvcmhs gj nk omhscfk~kf am~ nkvvk~ cgpjov> ' Jp~ci 6) >0:0

:( _odmmis

j( J~g Bmmfrcii P{nico _odmmi $^jlm{~c#J omgpikvki ~kscfkhvcji sodmmi skv {p ch >00; rcvd a~mg oijss 1':>(

Cv djs dmsvki ajocicv am~ :0; nms jhf 6; bc~is) jhf joomggmfjvcmh

am~ vkjodk~s jhf svjaa( Vdk sodmmi djs svjvk ma'vdk'j~v ajocicvcks( Vdksodmmi jvv~jovs sv{fkhvs gjchi a~mg vdk hmv sm p~mspk~m{s j~kjs ma

Ljgg{( _mgk sv{fkhvs j~k jfgcvvkf js _jfdndjqjhj sv{fkhvs( Vdksk

j~k odcif~kh rdm omgk a~mg gcicvjho jaakovkf ajgcicks) m~ ~kgmvkj~kjs m~ a~mg ajgcicks vdjv j~k nkimr vdk pmqk~v ichk( Vdk sodmmi

amiimrs ON_K siijn{s(

n( Bmqk~hgkhv Dcbdk~ _komhfj~ _odmmi) Gjhljemvk $^jlm{~c#

Vdk sodmmi rdcod djs

ktcsvkf schok :312 djs nkkhs{ppm~vkf n vdk J~g

schok >00?'06( Ch vdjv kj~

vdk J~g bjqk am{~

omgp{vk~s jhf n{civ jomgp{vk~ ~mmg am~

sv{fkhvs( Ch >003 jbjch)

acqk omgp{vk~s rk~k bcqkhvm vdk sodmmi( Jism) J~g

pk~smhhki vkjod njsco

omgp{vk~s vm vdk odcif~kh(Ch jffcvcmh) vdk J~g p~mqcfks imbcsvcoji s{ppm~v am~ vdk okikn~jvcmh

ma Chfkpkhfkhok Fj jhf ^kp{nico Fj( Vdk sodmmi djs hmr

~kz{ksvkf vdk J~g vm vcik vdk aimm~ ma vdk omgp{vk~ ~mmg jhf~khmqjvk vdk m~cbchji n{cifchb ma vdk sodmmi(

Omgp{vk~ Okhv~k jv Bmqk~hgkhv _odmmi)

Gjhljemvk) L!E(


39/50

?4 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

o( Pchkrmmf J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) Djgc~p{~ $Pmmhod#

Cv djs odcif~kh a~mg hkj~n

qciijbks icek Njsmmhc)Fdj~jvc) Nk~{vc) Djgc~p{~)

Njijbmv jhf Fdj~bi{g(

Odcif~kh j~k n~m{bdv n

J~g qkdcoiks) am~ rdcodvdk pj ^s( ;0 pk~ gmhvd(

Vdk sodmmi rjs svj~vkf ch:333 rdkh vdk~k rk~k mhi?0 odcif~kh5 cvs p~kskhv

sv~khbvd cs 6;4( Jivdm{bd cv

rjs djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk svjvk bmqk~hgkhv) vdk gjhjbkgkhv cs rcvdvdk J~g jhf vdk p~chocpji cs j sk~qchb J~g Gjlm~( Vdk akk odj~bkf

cs s( :;0'?00) vdk ikjsv nkchb odj~bkf a~mg vdk Oijss C jhf vdk dcbdksv

a~mg oijss TCC( Hkj~i :00 NPI odcif~kh j~k nkchb bcqkh a~kk kf{ojvcmh(

Vdk sodmmi djs >0 vkjodk~s) gjh ma rdmg j~k hmv a{ii z{jicackf vmvkjod( Vdcs cs nkoj{sk vdk sodmmi cs ch j qk~ ~kgmvk j~kj jhf schok

vdk sjij~cks j~k pjcf a~mg vdk akks ma sv{fkhvs) jhf sm j~k qk~ imr(Vdk odcif~kh jhf vkjodk~s rk~k dmpka{i vdjv vdk sodmmi rm{ifkqkhv{jii djqk j dmsvki) sockhok s{nlkovs ch dcbdk~ oijssks) smgk

mppm~v{hcv vm ikj~h omgp{vk~s jhf j ammvnjii b~m{hf(

f( J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) Pmvdj $Pmmhod#

Vdk sodmmi) rdcod cs imojvkf mh vdk m{vsec~vs ma _{~jhemvk) rjs svj~vkf

jv vdk dkcbdv ma gcicvjho >00?( Cv rjs djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk ocqcijfgchcsv~jvcmh ch >00;( Dmrkqk~ schok vdk z{jicv ma kf{ojvcmh svj~vkf

fkvk~cm~jvchb) vdk~k rjs imoji p~kss{~k jhf vdk sodmmi rjs djhfkf

njoe vm vdk J~g( Cv jvv~jovs sv{fkhvs a~mg ~kgmvk pijoks ch _{~jhemvkVkdsci( Vdk sodmmi ~kz{c~ks sct J~g qkdcoiks vm n~chb sv{fkhvs a~mg

vdkc~ dmgks( Vdk akk odj~bkf cs s( >>;'62;) :4 sv{fkhvs j~k spmhsm~kf

n _jfndjqjhj a{hfs( Cv cs fcaaco{iv vm bkv z{jicackf imoji vkjodk~s) smvdk~k j~k acqk vkjodk~s a~mg Ek~jij( Vdk p~kgcsks ma vdk sodmmi j~k

{skf vm omhf{ov s{ggk~ ojgps am~ p~mgmvchb j~v jhf o{iv{~k js rkii

js som{vs jhf b{cfks schok >001( Joom~fchb vm vdk p~chocpji) Hj|kk~

Z{~ksdc) vdcs sodmmi djs g{od nkvvk~ vkjodchb jhf ajocicvcks js

_v{fkhvs ! Vkjodk~s jv Pchkrmmf _odmmi) Djgc~p{~


40/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y ?3

omgpj~kf vm vdk am{~ bmqk~hgkhv sodmmis jhf :0 p~cqjvk sodmmis ch

_{~jhemvk(

k( Njnj Bj~cnfjs Jojfkg) Ldjiijs $Pmmhod#

Vdcs p~cgj~ sodmmi rjs skv {p ch >002( Vdk h{gnk~ ma sv{fkhvs djscho~kjskf a~mg 4? vm :::( Vdk sodmmi jvv~jovs sv{fkhvs a~mg Ldjiijs)

Bdjhc) Njijhmc) _jimv~c) Fdk~jvc jhf Hjnhj( Gkfcoji oj~k am~ sv{fkhvs

jhf vkjodk~s cs p~mqcfkf n vdk J~g( Vdk akk cs ^s(:00 pk~ gmhvdjhf vdk vkjodk~s sjij~ cs pjcf a~mg vdk akks( Vdk J~g chvkhfs vm

spmhsm~ smgk sv{fkhvs a~mg NPI ajgcicks a~mg vdcs kj~ mhrj~fs(

a( J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) Edjhjnji $Jhjhvhjb#

Vdcs bmqk~hgkhv sodmmi ch Edjhjnji rjs skv {p ch :343 am~ h{~sk~)IEB jhf [EB oijssks( Ch :334) vdk J~g bmv pk~gcsscmh a~mg vdk

svjvk bmqk~hgkhv vm ~{h cv js jh J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi( Jhjhvhjb

vmrh cs ehmrh am~ djqchb j rkii kf{ojvkf pmp{ijok( Vdk kf{ojvkfpj~khvs p~kak~ vm skhf vdkc~ odcif~kh vm vdcs sodmmi( A~mg jh chcvcji

sv~khbvd ma acqk) vdk h{gnk~ ma vkjodk~s djs hmr bmhk {p vm :4)

gjlm~cv ma vdkg nkchb rmgkh( Ch >006) gcicvjhvs n{~hv j sodmmi n{s

ma vdk sodmmi jimhb rcvd sodmmi njbs ma odcif~kh( Js j ~ks{iv hkj~i:00 odcif~kh svmppkf omgchb vm vdk sodmmi) dmrkqk~ ijvk~ vdk ojgk

njoe( Jhf schok vdkh vdk h{gnk~ ma sv{fkhvs djs mhi cho~kjskf(

b( J~g Bmmfrcii P{nico _odmmi) Icf~{ $Jhjhvhjb#

Jimhb vdk ichks ma vdk JBP_) ^jlm{~c) vdk JBP_ jv Icf~{ cs j

omgpikvki ~kscfkhvcji sodmmi vdjv f~jrs sv{fkhvs a~mg ~kgmvk j~kjsma vdk qjiik( Vdk ktpkhfcv{~k pk~ sv{fkhv pk~ jhh{g cs jpp~mtcgjvki

^s( 1>) 000( Jii vdcs jhf vdk gjchvkhjhok ma vdk sodmmi) vdk dmsvkis

jhf jii mvdk~ ajocicvcks j~k p~mqcfkf {hfk~ Mp _jfdndjqjhj( Vdk

vkjodk~s ch vdk sodmmi j~k gmsvi a~mg m{vscfk vdk svjvk js vdcs cs j~kgmvk jhf a{ii ~kscfkhvcji skv'{p jhf hmv gjh imojis j~k rciichb vm

omgk( Qciijbk~s j~k kgpimkf js Oijss CQ kgpimkks(

d( J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) Odjhfcbjg $E{prj~j#

Vdk sodmmi rjs ksvjnicsdkf ch >00:) j kj~ nkam~k vdk _j~q _dcesdjJndcjh rjs ij{hodkf ch vdcs j~kj( A~mg jh chcvcji sv~khbvd ma :;0


41/50

60 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

sv{fkhvs) cv hmr djs 6?2 sv{fkhvs( Vdkkf{ojvcmh ma :> sv{fkhvs cs spmhsm~kf

n vdk J~g( _v{fkhvs omgk a~mgvdk jii mqk~ vdk Imijn Qjiik) jhf vdk

v~jqki n ocqci n{sks dc~kf n vdkJ~g( _v{fkhvs ma vdk sodmmi j~k

vjekh am~ kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s mhok jkj~ jimhb rcvd smgk pj~khvs jhf

vkjodk~s( Vdk akks ch vdk sodmmi ~jhbksa~mg s(:>0'>>0) ikssk~ akk cs odj~bkf

a~mg bc~is( Vdk sodmmi djs >0 vkjodk~s)jii ma rdmg j~k imojis( Vdk \mhji

Kf{ojvcmh Maacok~ rdm rjs p~kskhv ch vdk sodmmi sjcf vdjv vdcs rjsvdk nksv sodmmi vdk ~kbcmh js aj~ js cha~jsv~{ov{~k cs omhok~hkf(

c( J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) Vjhbfdj~ $E{prj~j#

Vdcs sodmmi rjs skv {p ch :333( Vdkc~ ac~sv njvod ma oijss T sv{fkhvs

rk~k vmppk~s ch vdk svjvk( Vdk J~gs mhbmchb chqmiqkgkhv djs gkjhv

vdjv vdk sodmmi djs b~mrh a~mg j p~cgj~ sodmmi vm j skomhfj~sodmmi rcvd jii ajocicvcks( _v{fkhvs ma vdk sodmmi) choi{fchb bc~i sv{fkhvs

djqk nkkh vjekh am~ kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s(

l( J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) Nmhcj~ $Nj~jg{iij#

Cv rjs skv {p ch >00>) jhf vdk ac~sv njvod ma oijss T sv{fkhvs rcii pjssm{v vdcs kj~( Vdk vkjodk~s omgk a~mg Nj~jg{iij jhf smgk j~k a~mg

Nmhcj~) jii ma vdkg j~k kcvdk~ b~jf{jvks m~ pmsvb~jf{jvks( _v{fkhvs

omgk a~mg hkj~n qciijbks jhf ?0 pk~ okhv ma vdk sv{fkhvs j~k bc~is(

Vdk sv~khbvd ma vdk sodmmi djs b~mrh a~mg :?; ch >00> vm 60; ch

>003':0( Vdk J~g p~mqcfks j a~kk n{s sk~qcok vm n~chb odcif~kh jhfvkjodk~s vm vdk sodmmi(

e( J~g Bmmfrcii _odmmi) [~c $Nj~jg{iij#

Vdcs sodmmi rjs ksvjnicsdkf ch >000( Vdk skomhf njvod ma oijss T

sv{fkhvs cs hmr pjsschb m{v a~mg vdk sodmmi( Cv djs >? vkjodk~s) gjh

ma rdmg omgk a~mg Nj~jg{iij( Vdk J~g p~mqcfks sodmmi n{sks vm

_v{fkhvs jv JB_) Odjhfcbjg


42/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y 6:

n~chb odcif~kh jhf vkjodk~s vm sodmmi( Bc~is jhf nms a~mg vdk sodmmi

djqk nkkh vjekh am~ kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s( Vdk akk ~jhbks a~mg ^s( :>0'

?10( Omgp{vk~ v~jchchb cs bcqkh vm odcif~kh a~mg oijss C(

>( Rmgkh Kgpmrk~gkhv Okhv~ks

j( Rmgkhs Qmojvcmhji V~jchchb Okhv~k $QVO#) _j{lcjh $Pmmhod#

Vdk QVO rjs svj~vkf ch

>00> rcvd 60 sv{fkhvs( Jv

p~kskhv vdk~k j~k >4 bc~isikj~hchb svcvodchb jhfkgn~mcfk~( Vdk f{~jvcmh

ma vdk om{~sk cs mhk gmhvd(

Gmsv ma vdk bc~is jv vdk QVOfm hmv bm vm sodmmi( Vdkomm~fchjvm~ ma vdk pijok cs j

imoji pk~smh( Ch vdk sjgk

omgpikt) j omgp{vk~ okhv~k

djs nkkh svj~vkf jhf smgk sodmmi'bmchb bc~is jhf mvdk~s a~mg vdk

QVO j~k bcqkh njsco v~jchchb ch omgp{vk~s n J~g pk~smhhki( Vdk~kcs hm mvdk~ okhv~k ma ch vdk qcochcv ma _j{lcjh(

n( _djevc _jfjh $ kjsc#

Vdcs qmojvcmhji v~jchchb okhv~k am~ rmgkh rjs n{civ n vdk J~g

jhf djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk svjvk jfgchcsv~jvcmh( Dmrkqk~) cv djs hmvnkkh {skf schok vdkh(

o( [sdj Ajsdcmh Fkscbh _odmmi $Nj~jg{iij#

Vdcs sodmmi rjs skv {p ch >001( Cv vkjodks vjcim~chb vm bc~is a~mgNj~jg{iij fcsv~cov( Cv amiimrs vdk svjhfj~fs skv n vdk [sdj omgpjh(Cv djs j rkii qkhvcijvkf djii) dkjvchb am~ rchvk~ gmhvds) j fchchb djii

jhf ~{hhchb rjvk~( _chok vdk sodmmi cs mh vdk J~g ojgp{s) vdk~k csj skpj~jvk khv~jhok am~ rmgkh( Cv djs am{~ imoji vkjodk~s) jii ma rdmg

rk~k skhv n vdk J~g vm nk v~jchkf jv vdk [sdj Ajsdcmh Fkscbh

_odmmi) I{oehmr( Vdk j~k jism pjcf n vdk [sdj Omgpjh( Jv vdkkhf ma j vd~kk gmhvd om{~sk) j ok~vcacojvk cs bcqkh vm vdmsk vm vjek vdk

Rmgkh Ikj~hchb Ejfdjc) QVO _j{lcjh


43/50

6> y J~pcvj Jhjhv

ktjg jhf j a~kk skrchb gjodchk cs bcavkf vm vdk sv{fkhv( Oimvdks

svcvodkf n sv{fkhvs j~k jism smif vd~m{bd vdk J~g Rcqks Rkiaj~k

Jssmocjvcmh(

f( Rmgkh Kgpmrk~gkhv Okhv~k) [~c $Nj~jg{iij#

Vdcs okhv~k skv {p ch >00? djs vrm oijssks) mhk am~ gjechb ehcvvchbjhf vdk mvdk~ am~ vjcim~chb( Vdk ehcvvchb skovcmh djs ?'6 sv{fkhvs jv j

vcgk( Cv djs hm pk~gjhkhv vkjodk~s5 vdmsk rdm ikj~h vdk secii pjss cv

mh vm mvdk~s( _rkjvk~s gjfk dk~k j~k z{cvk pmp{ij~ jhf j~k smif imojii(

Vdk vjcim~chb om{~sk cs vj{bdv n j vkjodk~) rdmsk cs pjcf jhdmhm~j~c{g n vdk J~g( Vdk om{~sk cs kj~ imhb jhf vdk h{gnk~

ma sv{fkhvs ai{ov{jvks a~mg >0'>;(

?( Omgg{hcv Fkqkimpgkhv Okhv~ks

j( Omgg{hcv Djii) Gjhbhj~ $Pmmhod#

Vdk omgg{hcv djii rjs nkchb omhsv~{ovkf vm p~mqcfk am~ j spjok am~

qciijbk~s vm omhb~kbjvk am~ gkkvchbs) a{hovcmhs kvo(

6( Gmfki Qciijbks $jism omhvjch omgg{hcv fkqkimpgkhvokhv~ks#

j( _jb~j Gmfki Qciijbk) Gkhfdj~ $Pmmhod#

_jb~j rjs jfmpvkf js j gmfki qciijbk n vdk svjvk bmqk~hgkhv ch >000(_chok vdkh) vdk J~g djs jism omhv~cn{vkf vm fkqkimpgkhv macha~jsv~{ov{~k ch vdk qciijbk( Vdk J~g djs dkipkf skv {p j qmojvcmhji

v~jchchb okhv~k am~ rmgkh( Cv maak~s j mhk'kj~ njsco om{~sk jhf j

vrm'kj~ jfqjhok om{~sk ch odjgnj jhf pd{iej~c rm~e( Vdk vkjodk~cs jppmchvkf n vdk svjvk bmqk~hgkhv( Cvkgs gjfk j~k smif am~ j bmmf

p~cok ch vdk gj~ekv( Jivdm{bd vdk okhv~k djs nkkh djhfkf mqk~ vmvdk svjvk bmqk~hgkhv) vdk J~g s{ppm~vs vdk okhv~k n p~mqcfchb j

svcpkhf ma s(:00 vm kjod bc~i sv{fkhv( Vdk sct'gmhvd svcvodchb om{~skjv vdk okhv~k cs omgpikvki a{hfkf n _jfndjqjhj a{hfs( Ch jffcvcmh)

vdk~k cs qkvk~chj~ jcf okhv~k) rdcod kgpims j v~jchkf qkv(

Vdk J~g jism s{ppm~vs vdk fj'vm'fj a{hovcmhchb ma vdk sodmmi np~mqcfchb oijss ~mmgs) sockhok ijnm~jvm~cks) pijb~m{hf) icn~j~)omgp{vk~s kvo( Vdk sv{fkhv sv~khbvd djs b~mrh a~mg :>0 ch >00: vm


44/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y 6?

?>6( Vdk sodmmi cs jvvkhfkf gmsvi n nms) jhf n{sks djqk nkkh

dc~kf am~ ^s(>0)000 pk~ jhh{g vm n~chb odcif~kh jhf vkjodk~s vm

sodmmi( Cv cs fcaaco{iv am~ vdk sodmmi vm bkv v~jchkf vkjodk~s( _v{fkhvsjhf vkjodk~s ma vdk sodmmi j~k vjekh am~ kf{ojvcmhji vm{~s vm fcaak~khv

pijoks ch Chfcj(

n( Odjhfcbjg Gmfki Qciijbk) Imijn $E{prj~j#

Vdcs gmfki qciijbk cs khvc~ki vdk

n{civ n vdk J~g( Cv djs nkkh

n{civ j~m{hf j imoji sodmmi vdjv djsktcsvkf schok :362( Vdk ojgp{s

hmr djs gm~k n{cifchbs am~ skhcm~oijssks) j ij~bk pijb~m{hf rcvd j

sdkf am~ spkovjvm~s) j omgp{vk~

v~jchchb okhv~k) j icn~j~) j bg) jqmojvcmhji v~jchchb okhv~k am~

rmgkh jhf s{n'dkjivd okhv~k rcvd j h{~sk jhf j oikjhchb ijf(

o( Gmfki Qciijbk) Vkkvdrji $E{prj~j#

Vkkvdrji) rdcod cs l{sv jo~mss vdk Ecsdkhbjhbj ~cqk~) jhf mqk~immes

Pjecsvjh rjs ~kn{civ n vdk J~g javk~ vdk >00; kj~vdz{jek( Chjffcvcmh vm ~kicka jhf ~kdjncicvjvcmh ma vdk qciijbk~s) jh J~g Bmmfrcii

_odmmi) j Omgg{hcv Fkqkimpgkhv Okhv~k rcvd qmojvcmhji v~jchchb

am~ rmgkh chjj~crm~e jhfbjnej~c rm~e rjs skv {p( Jh J~g maacocjivkjodks omgp{vk~s vm sv{fkhvs a~mg oijss CCC'Q jv vdk Bmmfrcii _odmmi(

;( Kf{ojvcmhji -Gmvcqjvcmhji Vm{~s

j( Kf{ojvcmhji Vm{~)Gkhfdj~ $Pmmhod#

A~mg Gj~od :;'>; >0:0) jb~m{p ma >0 gkh a~mg

qciijbks ch vdk Gkhfdj~

fcsv~cov rk~k vjekh vm

G{gnjc jhf P{hk( Vdkrk~k jism bcqkh vdk

Ijm{v ma Gmfki Qciijbk) Odjhfcbjg

Kf{ojvcmhji Vm{~ vm G{gnjc'P{hk) Gkhfdj~


45/50

66 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

mppm~v{hcv vm v~jqki ch vdk Fkidc Gkv~m( Ch G{gnjc) vdk gkv vdk

bmqk~hm~ ma Gjdj~jsdv~j) rkhv vm Djlc Jic) Kikpdjhvj ojqks) Bjvkrj

ma Chfcj( Ch P{hk vdk qcsvkf vdk Ekiej~ G{sk{g) Jbj Edjh Pjijok)Fjbf{sdkvd Bjhpjvc) jhf vdk Hjvcmhji Fkakhok Jojfkg( Vdk jism

sjr vdk acig G Hjgk cs Edjh ch vdk g{ivcpikt Ocv P~cfk jhf

rk~k vjekh am~ sdmppchb vm K'_z{j~k Gjii( Vdk jpp~mtcgjvkktpkhfcv{~k pk~ pk~smh rjs ^s( 1)000( F{~chb vdk v~cp) vdk v~jqki)

nmj~fchb jhf imfbchb ktpkhsks rk~k nm~hk n vdk J~g a~mg

_jfndjqjhj a{hfs(

1( Rjvk~ _{ppi P~mlkovs

j( V{nk rkii p~mlkov) Odmrec Djhfjh) Hj{sdk~j $^jlm{~c#

Javk~ joz{c~chb ijhf a~mg vdk qciijbk

dkjfgjh) vdk J~g n{civ j v{nkrkii vdjvom{if s{ppi rjvk~ vm jii dm{sks ch vdk

qciijbk( Mh omgpikvcmh) vdk p~mlkov rjs

djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk p{nico dkjivdfkpj~vgkhv jhf cs a{iaciichb vdk hkkf am~

pmvjnik rjvk~ schok vdkh( Vdcs rjs gjchi

j fkgjhf ma vdk rmgkh rdm djf oj~~

rjvk~ a~mg j hkj~n sv~kjg am~ jiidm{skdmif rm~e(

2( B{llj~-Njeek~rji Omgg{hcv P~mlkovs

j( Pc~ Pjhlji Dmsvki)Vjirj~j $^kjsc#

Vdcs cs vdk mhi dmsvki am~vdk B{llj~-Njeej~rji

omgg{hcv vdjv djs nkkh

n{civ n vdk J~g( Cv rjspj~vi s{ppm~vkf n j b~jhv

ma ^s( :6 Ijeds n vdk

okhv~ji bmqk~hgkhv vm vdkB{llj~'Njeek~rji Jfqcsm~

V{nkrkii P~mlkov) Odmrec

Djhfc) Hj{sdk~j

Pc~ Pjhlji Dmsvki) Vjirj~j


46/50

Om{hvk~chs{~bkho jhf Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch Ljgg{ jhf Ejsdgc~y 6;

Nmj~f( Cv joomggmfjvks ;0 sv{fkhvs5 odcif~kh sv{fchb ch oijssks QC'

TCC j~k jiimrkf vm svj ch vdk dmsvki( Jii vdk sv{fkhvs ch vdk dmsvki j~k

a~mg ajgcicks nkimr pmqk~v ichk) >; sv{fkhvs j~k a~mg gcicvjhojaakovkf j~kjs ma ^kjsc fcsv~cov( Vdk sv{fkhvs rdm jvvkhf vdk imoji

bmqk~hgkhv sodmmis j~k p~mqcfkf ktv~j'omjodchb javk~ sodmmi dm{~s

jhf jism bcqkh omgp{vk~ v~jchchb ch vdk dmsvki( Vdk ktpkhsks ma ammfj~k s( ;0 pk~ sv{fkhv pk~ fj) jhf ^s( : ijed cs spkhv mh vdk {hcam~gs

ma sv{fkhvs kqk~ kj~( Vdksk ktpkhsks j~k nm~h n vdk J~g(

n( _kjsmhji _odmmi am~ odcif~kh ma vdk Njeek~rji omgg{hcv)Odmrecnji $E{prj~j#

Vdk hmgjfco Njeek~rjis gmqk a~mg Ljgg{ ~kbcmh vm vdcs imojvcmhch vdk E{prj~j fcsv~cov jhf svj dk~k a~mg Jp~ci'Movmnk~ kqk~ kj~(

Vdk J~g djs skv {p skjsmhji sodmmis am~ odcif~kh a~mg ?':> kj~s ma

jbk( Imoji kf{ojvkf m{vd j~k dc~kf vm vkjod vdksk odcif~kh( Ch rchvk~s)vdk imoji vkjodk~ cs khom{~jbkf vm vjek v{cvcmhs sm vdjv dk ojh omhvch{k

vm ~kgjch kgpimkf(

4( Dkjivd Oj~k

j( Gkfcoji Ojgp) Vjirj~j $^kjsc#

Jv vdk gkfcoji ojgpnkchb omhf{ovkf ch

Vjirj~j) vdk rjcvchb

djiis rk~k a{ii jhf vdk~k

pjvckhvs ch vdk pm~odjrjcvchb vdkc~ v{~h vm

gkkv vdk fmovm~( Vdk~k

rk~k ijf fmovm~skspkocjii am~ vdmsk

rmgkh rdm rk~k

dkscvjhv vm nk v~kjvkf ngkh fmovm~s( Joom~fchb vdk fmovm~s p~kskhv) vdk v~kjv pkmpik am~ jii

gchm~ jcigkhvs) jhf bcqk gkfcochks( Ca vdk~k cs amiimr {p ~kz{c~kf)

vdk ~kak~ vdkg vm vdk ocqci dmspcvji( J~g dmspcvjis ch ~kgmvk j~kjsjism ojvk~ vm vdk hkkfs ma vdk imoji pmp{ijvcmh( Ch smgk ojgps) fmovm~s

Gkfcoji Ojgp) Vjirj~j


47/50

61 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

a~mg imoji PDOs j~k jism chqmiqkf js smgkvcgks pkmpik j~k gm~k

omgam~vjnik bmchb vm ocqci fmovm~s(

n( P~cvjg _pc~cv{ji Am{hfjvcmh $Pmmhod#

Vdk am{hfjvcmh rjs am{hfkf n

Ljbnc~ _chbd _{fjh ch :330( _chokvdkh cv djs p~mqcfkf j~vcacocjiicgns a~kk ma omsv vm ?:>> pkmpik

rdm djqk nkkh qcovcgs ma

gcicvjho) gchk nijsvs m~ o~mss'nm~fk~ ac~chb( Mvdk~ jcfsp~mqcfkf choi{fk pmicm ojicpk~s)j~vdmsdmks) o~{vodks) rdkki

odjc~s) v~cooiks jhf dkj~chb jcfs(

_chok Fkokgnk~ >003) vdk J~g djs dkipkf vdcs p~cqjvk chcvcjvcqk nomhsv~{ovchb hkr fm~gcvm~cks am~ vdk J~vcacocji Icgn ^kpjc~ Okhv~kvdjv vdk Am{hfjvcmh s{ppm~vs( Cv jism dkipkf ch m~bjhcschb j ojgpam~ vdmsk qcscvchb vdk ~kdjncicvjvcmh okhv~k(

3( Omgp{vk~ V~jchchb Okhv~ksj( Omgp{vk~ V~jchchb Okhv~k) Edjhjnji $Jhjhvhjb#

Vdcs rjs ksvjnicsdkf ch >00>(

J imoji vkjodk~ cs kgpimkf

vm vkjod vdk njsco omgp{vk~om{~sk am~ s(>;0 pk~ gmhvd(

Vdk~k j~k jnm{v ; om{~sks ch

j kj~) rcvd j vmvji ma 30sv{fkhvs jvvkhfchb( Gmsv ma

vdmsk jvvkhfchb vdcsomgp{vk~ om{~sk j~k

sv{fkhvs) rdcik jnm{v :0':;j~k vdmsk ch kgpimgkhv(

n( Omgp{vk~ V~jchchb Okhv~k) Nj~jg{iij

Vdcs okhv~k rjs skv {p ch >004( Cv djs ?2 sv{fkhvs) smgk ma rdmg

v~jqki ?0'60 ecimgkv~ks vm jvvkhf vdk om{~sk( Dmrkqk~) mhi :6

J~vcacoji Icgn Okhv~k) Pmmhod

Omgp{vk~ V~jchchb Okhv~k) Edjhjnji


48/50


sv{fkhvs $choi{fchb mhk bc~i# jvvkhf vdk oijss ~kb{ij~i( J mhk'kj~

njsco omgp{vk~ om{~sk cs maak~kf n imoji vkjodk~s rdm j~k pjcf n

vdk FMKJOO( Vdk om{~sk akk cs s( 4100) djia ma rdcod cs pjcf a~mgvdk _jfdndjqjhj a{hfs( Vdcs om{~sk p~mqcfks vdk sv{fkhvs rcvd vdk

njsco omgp{vk~ seciis vdjv ojh bkv vdkg lmns ch ~jcirj ~ksk~qjvcmh

okhv~ks) vkikpdmhk nciichb okhv~ks js rkii js cgpj~vs njsco ehmrikfbkma omgp{vk~ dj~frj~k( Vkjodk~s vkjodchb ch vdk omgp{vk~ okhv~k

sjcf vdjv vdk djf vm fm vdkc~ om{~sks n om~~kspmhfkhok a~mg

CBHM[ am~ rjhv ma scgcij~ ajocicvcks vkh kj~s njoe(

:0( M~pdjhjbks- Dmsvkis

j( Jhe{~ $^kjsc#

Jh m~pdjhjbk n{civ n vdk J~g rjs djhfkf mqk~ vm vdk svjvk

jfgchcsv~jvcmh jhf rjs ~kokhvi ch hkrs js cv rjs hmv nkchb gjhjbkfrkii jhf vdk fkp{v omggcsscmhk~ m~fk~kf vdjv cv nk oimskf fmrh(

n( Njijsd~jg) Gjhljemvk $^jlm{~c#

Vdcs nms dmsvki rjs omhsv~{ovkf {hfk~ Mp _jfdndjqjhj ch >001(Rdcik vdk fkpj~vgkhv ma smocji rkiaj~k ma vdk svjvk ~{hs vdk dmsvki)

vdk J~g omhvch{ks vm p~mqcfk svjvcmhk~ jhf nmmes am~ odcif~khicqchb ch vdk dmsvki( :0 ma vdk >; sv{fkhvs ch dmsvki j~k rdmsk pj~khv

${s{jii vdk ajvdk~# rjs eciikf n gcicvjhvs( O{~~khvi) vdk J~g cs

n{cifchb j rjvk~ vjhe am~ vdk dmsvki sv{fkhvs(

o( Hj~c Hcekvjh) Gkhfdj~ $Pmmhod#

Vdk Hj~c Hcekvjh ma Gkhfdj~rjs skv {p ch :32> am~

m~pdjhkf bc~is jhf vdmsk a~mgajgcicks nkimr pmqk~v ichk( Cvrjs a{hovcmhchb ch j mhk'~mmg

~khvkf pijok {hvci vdk J~g

fkocfkf vm cgp~mqk vdk skv {pch >001'02( Js j ~ks{iv) j hkr

n{cifchb rjs omhsv~{ovkf rcvd

p~mpk~ fm~gs) fchchb djii) Hj~c Hcekvjh) Gkhfdj~


49/50

64 y J~pcvj Jhjhv

~ko~kjvcmh ~mmg kvo( J~g jism spmhsm~s vdk kf{ojvcmh ma sct bc~is ma

vdk Hj~c Hcekvjh( Vdk J~g p~mqcfks imbcsvcoji s{ppm~v am~ vdk

rkffchb ma jh chgjvk(

f( G{sejjh) _~chjbj~

Ch >00;) vdk J~g

ksvjnicsdkf vdcs

m~pdjhjbk ch _~chjbj~(

O{~~khvi cv djs ;> nms

jhf ; bc~is( Odcif~kha~mg ~kgmvk j~kjs ma vdk

Qjiik rdm djqk nkkhjaakovkf n gcicvjho) m~

j~k a~mg fcsv{~nkf ajgci

njoeb~m{hfs) m~ a~mgpmm~ ajgcicks j~k

jfgcvvkf vm vdk dmsvki(

Vdkc~ kf{ojvcmh ch imoji sodmmis cs s{ppm~vkf n vdk J~g( Vkh skjvsj~k ~ksk~qkf am~ sv{fkhvs omgchb vd~m{bd vdk smocji rkiaj~k

fkpj~vgkhv ma vdk svjvk( _pkocji jvvkhvcmh cs bcqkh vm p~ksk~qchb vdk

o{iv{~ji njoeb~m{hf( Vdk svjaa ma vdk dmsvki cs bcqkh jhf dmhm~j~c{g

a~mg vd~ _jfdndjqjhj a{hfs( Vdk dmsvki djs j omgp{vk~ ijnm~jvm~)v{cvcmh ~mmg) ~ko~kjvcmh ~mmg) chfmm~ spm~vs ajocicvcks( Ammf cs

p~mqcfkf js pk~ vdk ojim~ck sojik jpp~mqkf n vdk fckvcocjh( Cv cs

khqcsjbkf vdjv n >0:? vdk p~kskhv b~m{p ma odcif~kh rm{if jii nkkf{ojvkf-~kdjncicvjvkf(

G{sejjh) _~chjbj~


50/50

F~( J~pcvj Jhjhv cs Jssmocjvk Akiimr jv vdk Chsvcv{vk am~ Fkakhok _v{fcks jhfJhjisks( _dk dmifs j PdF ch Chvk~hjvcmhji Pmicvcos a~mg Ljrjdj~iji Hkd~{[hcqk~scv) Hkr Fkidc( Dk~ fmovm~ji vdkscs cs mh B~m{p cbdvs ch vdk Chfcjh jhfChvk~hjvcmhji Fcsom{~sks( _dk rjs jrj~fkf vdk CO__^ Fmovm~ji Akiimrsdcpjhf vdk Omggmhrkjivd Qcscvchb Akiimrsdcp am~ vdk kj~ >00:'0>( Dk~ o{~~khv~kskj~od chvk~ksvs choi{fk chvk~hji sko{~cv ch Chfcj rcvd j amo{s mh Ljgg{ jhfEjsdgc~ jhf j~gkf omhaicovs ch Jscj(

Jgmhb dk~ ~kokhv p{nicojvcmhs j~k Cfkhvcv jhf Omhaicov< Pk~spkovcqks a~mg vdkEjsdgc~ Qjiik) _v~jvkbco Jhjiscs) Qmi{gk ??) Css{k ;) _kpvkgnk~ >003) pp(210'22?5 Chfcj jhf chvk~hjvcmhji vk~~m~csg ch Fjqcf _omvv $kf(#) Djhfnmme maChfcj"s Chvk~hjvcmhji ^kijvcmhs) Imhfmh< ^m{vikfbk) >0::) pp( >11'>225 B~m{p

^cbdvs jhf Cfkhvcvcks< J Ojsk am~ Vdkm~ nkmhf vdk Hjvcmh _vjvk ch GjhbksdE{iej~hc $kf(#) Chvk~fcsocpichj~ Pk~spkovcqks ch Pmicvcoji Vdkm~) Hkr Fkidc0::) pp( 42'::1 jhf Hmh'_vjvk J~gkf B~m{ps ch _m{vdJscj< J P~kicgchj~ _v~{ov{~kf Amo{skf Omgpj~csmh) Hkr Fkidc< Pkhvjbmh_ko{~cv Chvk~hjvcmhji) >0:> $am~vdomgchb#(

3 2 3 4 : 4 1 0 : 3 3 ? 0

C _NH 4: ' 410 :3 ' 3? ' 1

~mgchkhv sv{fcks mh Chfcj"s om{hvk~chs{~bkho p~jovcok djqk o~cvcocskf cv am~

nkchb ktoksscqki dj~sd jhf js djqchb j omhqkhvcmhji rj~ ncjs( Njskf mh

Pj sv{f ma vdk Chfcjh J~g"s chcvcjvcqk jv rchhchb dkj~vs jhf gchfs ch Ljgg{jhf Ejsdgc~) vdcs pjpk~ j~b{ks vdjv s{od o~cvcz{ks djqk mqk~immekf jhcgpm~vjhv jspkov ma Chfcj"s om{hvk~chs{~bkho sv~jvkb( Mpk~jvcmh_jfdndjqjhj cs kqcfkhok ma vdk Chfcjh J~g"s m~bjhcsjvcmhji chhmqjvcmh jhfmpk~jvcmhji ikj~hchb( Vdcs pjpk~ fmo{gkhvs vdk qj~cm{s chcvcjvcqks nkchb{hfk~vjekh n vdk J~g) skkes vm {hfk~svjhf vdk gjhhk~ ch rdcod vdk j~kpk~okcqkf n vdk pkmpik) jhf s{bbksvs gkjs{~ks vm khs{~k nkvvk~cgpikgkhvjvcmh( Cv j~b{ks vdjv s{od chcvcjvcqks djqk djf j icgcvkf n{v sji{vj~cgpjov ch v~jhsam~gchb vdk omhaicov ch Ejsdgc~(

Documents

Counter Insurgency and “Op Sadhbhavana” in Jammu and Kashmir