Counter Reformati

on

Counter Reformati

on

Council of Trent

Reforms

Council of Trent

Reforms

Ignatius of Loyola Ignatius

of Loyola Inquisitio

nInquisitio

n

Missionary work

Establish schools

• The Reformation created a loss of religious unity in W. Europe– Some countries

became Protestant and others remained Catholic

• Civil Wars in England, France and German States– French religious

wars (1562-1598)• Huguenots (French

Protestants) vs. Catholics

•

• Peasant Wars in German States inspired by Protestant challenges to authority

• Treaty of Augsburg– Allowed German

Princes to determine the religion of the people of his state

• Spanish Catholics vs. English Protestants – Spanish armada

defeated after attempting to invade England

• Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

–War that began in German States as a Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire

– Treaty of Westphalia• Treaty ending the war • Provided religious toleration to

Protestants and Catholics within the Holy Roman Empire

•

• Reformation increased anti-Semitism in Europe– persecution of Jews

in both Catholic and Protestant countries

–Were forced to live in separate neighborhoods• Ghettos

• Strong religious feelings led people to accuse others of being witches – Led to deaths of

accused people–Often were women

•

• Individual monarchs and states gained power as Church power declined– Paved the way

for the rise of nation-states

CausesHumanism led people to question church authoritySome clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gainMartin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgencesThe Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas

CausesHumanism led people to question church authoritySome clergy were corrupt and interested in worldly gainMartin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting indulgencesThe Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas

EffectsMany new Protestant churches developCatholic Church began reforms Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase Religious conflicts spread across Europe

EffectsMany new Protestant churches developCatholic Church began reforms Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase Religious conflicts spread across Europe

Growing emphasis on

individual

Growing prosperity of merchants

Decline of feudalism and

growth of power of kings and

princesPrinting press and spread of learning

Humanism; Art celebrates individual expressionMerchants sponsor artists to beautify cities

Rulers sponsor artists and philosophers

Political, social, and artistic theories spread

Individuals interpret the

Bible themselvesGerman

merchants resent flow of money to Church in Rome

Rulers defy Pope and become Protestant

Luther’s ideas spread;

Bibles printed in vernacular

Social Changes

Effect on the Renaissance

Effect on the Reformation

ClosureClosure

• Identify two effects that the Reformation and counter reformation had on Europe.