Countries Listed by Continent

8/9/2019 Countries Listed by Continent

1/69


2/69

Countries Listed By Continent

AFRICA(54)

Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina

Burundi

Cameroon

Cape Verde

Central African

Republic

Chad

Comoros

ASIA(44)

Afghanistan

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Brunei

Burma Myanmar!

Cambodia

China

"ast #imor

India

Indonesia

"$R%&"(47)

Albania

Andorra

Armenia

Austria

A'erbai(an

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia and)er'ego*ina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

+, A-"RICA(23)

Antigua and

Barbuda

Bahamas

Barbados

Beli'e

Canada

Costa Rica

Cuba

.ominica

.ominican

Republic

"l Sal*ador

/renada

%C"A+IA(14)

Australia

Fi(i

0iribati

-arshall Islands

-icronesia

+auru

+ew 1ealand

&alau

&apua +ew

/uinea

Samoa

Solomon Islands
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.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/am.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/at.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/az.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/by.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/be.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/ba.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/ba.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/bg.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/hr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/cy.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/ag.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/ag.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/bs.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/bb.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/bz.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/ca.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/cr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/cu.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/dm.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/do.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/do.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/sv.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/gd.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/au.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/fj.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/ki.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/mh.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/fm.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/nr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/nz.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/pw.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/pg.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/pg.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/ws.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/sb.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/dz.htm


3/69

Congo

Congo2 .emocratic

Republic of

.(ibouti

"gypt

"3uatorial /uinea

"ritrea

"thiopia

/abon

/ambia

/hana

/uinea

/uinea4Bissau

I*ory Coast

0enya

Lesotho

Liberia

Iran

Ira3

Israel

5apan

5ordan

0a'akhstan

0orea2 +orth

0orea2 South

0uwait

0yrgy'stan

Laos

Lebanon

-alaysia

-aldi*es

-ongolia

+epal

C'ech Republic

.enmark

"stonia

Finland

France

/eorgia

/ermany

/reece

)ungary

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Lat*ia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Lu6embourg

/uatemala

)aiti

)onduras

5amaica

-e6ico

+icaragua

&anama

Saint 0itts and

+e*is

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and

the /renadines

#rinidad and

#obago

$nited States

A+#RAC#ICA

#onga

#u*alu

Vanuatu

S, A-"RICA(12)

Argentina

Boli*ia

Bra'il

Chile

Colombia

"cuador

/uyana

&araguay

&eru

Suriname

$ruguay

Vene'uela
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age/countrys/africa/er.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/et.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/ga.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/gm.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/gh.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/gn.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/gw.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/ci.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/ke.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/ls.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/lr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/ir.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/iq.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/il.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/jp.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/jo.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/kz.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/kp.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/kr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/kw.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/kg.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/la.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/lb.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/my.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/mv.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/mn.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/np.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/cz.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/dk.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/ee.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fi.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/fr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/ge.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/de.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/gr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/hu.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/is.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/ie.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/it.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/lv.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/li.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/lt.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/lu.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/gt.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/ht.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/hn.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/jm.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/mx.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/ni.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/camerica/pa.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/kn.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/kn.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/lc.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/vc.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/vc.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/tt.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/tt.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/us.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/to.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/tv.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/oceania/vu.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/ar.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/bo.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/br.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/cl.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/co.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/ec.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/gy.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/py.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/pe.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/sr.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/uy.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/ve.htm


4/69

Libya

-adagascar

-alawi

-ali

-auritania

-auritius

-orocco

-o'ambi3ue

+amibia

+iger

+igeria

Rwanda

Sao #ome and&rincipe

Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

%man

&akistan

&hilippines

7atar

Russian Federation

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Syria

#a(ikistan

#hailand

#urkey

#urkmenistan

$nited Arab

"mirates

$'bekistan

Vietnam

-acedonia

-alta

-oldo*a

-onaco

-ontenegro

+etherlands

+orway

&oland

&ortugal

Romania

San -arino

Serbia

Slo*akia

Slo*enia

Spain

Sweden
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j.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/nl.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/no.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/pl.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/pt.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/ro.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/sm.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/mj.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/sk.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/si.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/es.htmhttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/se.htm


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Somalia

South Africa

South Sudan

Sudan

Swa'iland

#an'ania

#ogo

#unisia

$ganda

1ambia

1imbabwe

8emen Swit'erland

$kraine

$nited 0ingdom

Vatican City

AFRICA:
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AFRICA -A&9


7/69

Africa, the planet's 2nd largest continentand the second most-populous continent (after Asia) includes (54) indi*idual

countries2and Western ahara, a mem!er state of the African "nion #hose statehood is disputed !$ %orocco& ote that outh

udan is the continent's ne#est countr$&

With a 211 population of 1,32,532,74, it accounts for *ust o+er 14 of the #orld's human population& t also contains the +ileRi*ers$stem, the #orld's longest, and the massi+e Sahara .esert2the #orlds largest&

Africa is surrounded !$ the -editerranean Seato the north, !oth the Sue' Canaland the Red Seaalong the inai .eninsula to

the northeast, the Indian %ceanto the east and southeast, and the Atlantic %ceanto the #est&
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AFRICA+ )IS#%R89

As for Africa, scientists ha+e formerl$ concluded that it is the !irthplace of man/ind, as large num!ers of human-li/e fossils

(disco+ered no #here else) #ere found on the continent, some dating !ac/ 3&5 million $ears&

A!out 1&75 million $ears ago, earl$ man spread throughout parts of Africa& 0he$ !ecame aggressi+e hunters, li+ed in ca+es and

used fire and their a!ilit$ to create stone tools *ust to sur+i+e&

0he eanderthals arose some 2, $ears ago and inha!ited regions in northern Africa and across parts of southern urope&

0here is also clear e+idence that the$ had control of fire, li+ed in ca+es, as #ell as open-air structures of stone and +egetation&

ne of the most important de+elopments of primiti+e man #as the creation of stone tools& $ 5 farming #as some#hat


9/69

common in the northern areas of Africa, as people #ere gro#ing crops and herding li+estoc/& uring that time the Sahara

.esert#as a fertile area&

n 32 the g$ptian culture emerged along the lo#er reaches of the +ile Ri*er:it #as among the earliest ci+ili6ations and their

tools and #eapons #ere made of !ron6e& 0he$ also pioneered the !uilding of massi+e p$ramids and temples&

g$ptians also de+eloped mathematics, an inno+ati+e s$stem of medicine, irrigation and agricultural production techniues, #riting

and the first ships& n short, the g$ptians left a lasting legac$ upon the #orld&

Around 8 the use of metal tools spread across small population !ases and farming groups in orth Africa, and their use

graduall$ spread south into #hat is no# called outh Africa&

0he .hoenicians #ere an enterprising maritime trading culture from Lebanon#ho spread across the -editerraneanfrom 155

to 3 & n 914 , the$ founded the cit$ of arthage in #hat is no# #unisiain north Africa: onl$ to !e destro$ed !$ the ;omans

in 148 &

%ean#hile, the g$ptians continued to spread their culture across orthern Africa, and /ingdoms #ere created

in "thiopiaand Sudan,0he then-gro#ing ;oman mpire continued to e


10/69

As other organi6ed /ingdoms #ere formed in central and southern Africa, the .ortuguese !egan to eater, the utch founded a colon$ in #hat is no# South Africa,

trong mo+ements to end sla+er$ !egan in the late 19th centur$& France!ecame one of the first countries to a!olish sla+er$ in

174& ritain !anned sla+e trade in 197, !ut it #as not officiall$ a!olished for good until 1949& n some parts of Africa, sla+e-li/e

practices continue to this da$ and ha+e pro+en difficult to eliminate&

Wholesale coloni6ation of Africa !$ uropean countries !egan in 1914 #hen theBritishsnatched the utch olon$ of outh Africa&

ar+ed up li/e a large pie, the rits, .utch2French2/ermansand &ortuguesegra!!ed all of the a+aila!le pieces&

$ the end of the 1th centur$, from Algeriato 1imbabwe2and from Botswanato+iger2the continent #as no# all !ut controlled

!$ uropean po#ers& n the earl$ 2th centur$ the land gra! continued as the ritish too/ control of "gypt,

$ 12, the forced occupation of African lands !egan to sour in "urope2and change #as in the #ind& Africans #ere also dri+en !$

their passionate desire for independence and the mo+ement for same !ecame unstoppa!le& $ mid-centur$ most of the continent

#as independent, #ith Angola finall$ free in 175&
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elf-go+ernment !rought more than its share of ci+il #ars, coup d'?tats and ethnic conflicts to the ne#l$ emerged countries& Add to

that mi< some horri!le genocides, along #ith famines and out-of-control disease (@BA), and Africa #as teetering on the edge,

and in man$ areas still does toda$&

Although Africa remains the #orld's poorest inha!ited continent, there are man$ !right spots in this land of o+er one !illion people

and its 2, C languages& ignificant economic and social gains ha+e ta/en place o+er the last fe# $ears, #ithSouth

Africa2+igeria2-oroccoand "gyptleading the #a$&

0he largest segments of modern Africa's economies are agriculture and mining, #ith tourism gro#ing in some areas& %anufacturing

industries ha+e gro#n large enough to ship products across the planet, and the oil e


12/69

+ile Ri*er System90he ile is a north-flo#ing ri+er considered the longest ri+er in the #orld at 8,85 /m (4,13 mi) long& t is

shared !$ and !enefits ele+en countries& 0he White ile and lue ile are its ma*or tri!utaries& 0he White ile is longer and rises in

the Great >a/es region of central Africa, flo#ing north from #an'aniato South Sudan& 0he lue ile is the source of most of the

#ater and !oth ri+ers *oin near Hhartoum,Sudan0he northern section of the ri+er flo#s almost entirel$ through desert, from udan

into "gypt,0he ile ends in a large delta that empties into the -editerranean Sea,

Sahara .esert9t's the #orld's hottest desert, the third largest desertafter Antarctica and the Arctic, and almost as large as

hina& o+ering almost one-third of the continent, the ahara is the largest desert in the #orld at appro


13/69

ASIA


14/69

As the largest and most populous continent in the #orld #ith *ust o+er 3&9 !illion people, Asia is composed of a #ide +ariet$ of

ethnic groups, cultures, en+ironments, economics, historical ties, and go+ernmental s$stems&

Geographicall$ the continent ma/es up 9&7 of the arth's total surface area, and 2&5 of its land area&

n the #est, Asia is !ordered !$ "urope2the eastern coastline of the -editerranean Sea, as #ell !$ the Sea of -armara,

the Bosporus Strait, the Black Seaand theCaspian Sea,

n the east, Asia is !ordered !$ the &acific %cean2and an almost endless stretch of !a$s and seas&

0he Arctic %ceanand a handful of seas front the northern !order, #hile the Bering Seaseparates Asia from +orth America,n

the south#est the Red Seaand isthmus of ue6 separate the continent from Africa&

0he Indian %ceanfronts most of Asia's southern !orders, along #ith a series of !a$s, gulfs and seas, as #ell as e


15/69

@istoricall$,Armeniaand A'erbai(anha+e !een long associated #ith the %iddle ast, !ut in recent $ears, some sources no#

consider them to !e more closel$ aligned#ith urope !ased on their modern economic andpolitical trends& We ha+e mo+ed in that

direction, and the same can !e said for the island countr$ ofCyprus,

#aiwanis still considered !$ hina to !e its 23rd pro+ince, and not an independent countr$& er$ fe# other countr$ go+ernments

accept hina's claims of so+ereignt$ o+er #aiwan,

0ur/e$ is officiall$,politicall$and geographicall$ considered part of !oth Asia and urope& 0he small north#estern portion

of #urkeynamed (Thrace) is a recogni6ed part of urope, #hile the largest part (Anatolia) is located in the %iddle ast, a part of

Asia&

Asia is the #orld's largest and most populous continent,t co+ers =,>?of the arth's total surface area (or 2&5 of the total

land area) and #ith appro billion people(211 est) it hosts 8 of the #orld's current human population&

+amesake9;eported !$ man$ sources, the word Asiafirst originated from the Ancient Gree/ #ord IJKL, and used in

44 &

-a(or Languages90he four ma*or ones are -andarin2 )indi2 Russian and Arabic,As for the rest&&& that's an almost

impossi!le uestion to ans#er as most Asian countries ha+e more than one language that is nati+el$ spo/en& =or instance, morethan 8 languages are spo/en in ndonesia, more than 9 languages spo/en in ndia, and more than 1 are spo/en in the.hilippines&

&opulation .ensity997 /mM (225 miM)

Largest City by metro population!90o/$o, Napan, 34,87,8

Largest Country by population!9.eople's ;epu!lic of hina, 1,357,22,98

Smallest Country by population!9%aldi+es, 38,
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Continent Si'e9Asia is the largest continent in area at 43,92, s /m, (18,2, s miles)

&ercent of "arthocated in hina at appro


17/69

0he Go!i esert is the largest desert in Asia, co+ering 5, suare miles&


18/69

>a/e ai/al is positioned in southeastern (i!eria) ;ussia, directl$ to the north of %ongolia& ;ecogni6ed as the oldest (still e


19/69

0he 0ian han is a large mountain s$stem located in entral Asia& t's positioned to the north and #est of the 0a/lama/an esertnear the !order region of Ha6a/hstan, H$rg$6stan and #estern hina& 0he highest pea/ is ictor$ .ea/ at 7,43 m (24,48 ft)&

$ral0he "rals are 1,84 miles (2,84 /m) in length and e


20/69

8angt'ehina's Qangt6e is the longest ri+er in Asia, and the fourth longest in the #orld at 3,15 miles (8,31 /m)& 0he Qangt6e drains one-fifth of the land area of the .eople's ;epu!lic of hina and its ri+er !asin is home to one-third of hina's population&

8ellow

0he Qello# ;i+er is the second-longest ri+er in hina and the si


21/69

i- 1,2 milesSungari- 1,17 miles#igris- 1,19 miles#unguska- 1,15 milesAngara- 1,15 miles


22/69

"$R%&"


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"$R%&" )IS#%R89

As for urope, a !rief chronological account of its significant e+ents !egins during prehistoric times #ith the emergence of @omo

sapiens (earl$ man), roughl$ 4, $ears ago&

arl$ inha!itants during the .aleolithic Age, in an effort to sur+i+e, grouped together into small societies such as !ands, and

su!sisted !$ gathering plants and hunting for #ild animals&

0he practice of culti+ating the soil, producing crops and raising li+estoc/ !egan in the eolithic Age some , $ears ago: stonetools #ere used and people !egan to li+e in small groups, or +illages&

As man continued to *ourne$ east-to-#est across "urasia(a com!ination of Asia and urope), /no#ledge of tools and ne# methods

of organi6ation arri+ed: ci+ili6ations flourished as metal a


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f the great ci+ili6ations to de+elop in urope, the pre+iousl$ mentioned ;oman mpire certainl$ had the most lasting influence&

uring its often tumultuous 5-$ear period of inno+ation, it changed the continent and had a profound and lasting influence on the

de+elopment of modern architecture, language, la# and religion&

After its collapse, the astern ;oman mpire sur+i+ed (295-145) as the $6antine mpire& n Western urope, a #ide series of

tri!es and tri!al alliances mo+ed into positions of po#er in the remnants of the former ;oman mpire: small /ingdoms #ere

esta!lished, and the geograph$ of Western urope #as a!out to change&

0he Hingdom of the =ran/s #as a southeastern uropean territor$ inha!ited and ruled !$ the =ran/s& 0he$ #ould e+ol+e into the

Hingdom of France2and parts of it #ould morph into the @ol$ ;oman mpire, a forerunner to the /ermany#e /no# toda$&

Anglo-a


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genuinel$ glo!al empire, !egan to lose its po#ers in Africa, Indiaand much of the -iddle "ast2and the$ soon crum!led a#a$&

Also damaging to the continent #ere World Wars and , as the$ #ere largel$ focused upon urope& 0he enormous costs of !oth

#ars greatl$ contri!uted to a decline in Western uropean dominance in #orld affairs, and some astern uropean countries ha+e

not $et full$ reco+ered&

After the erlin Wall came do#n on o+em!er , 19, and after the fall of the So*iet $nionin 11, urope certainl$ changed for

the !etter& uropean cultures and factions soon integrated, the ouncil of urope #as formed and the "uropean $nion(")

!lossomed in Western urope&

0oda$, it's safe to sa$ that urope is a ma*or economical and political center of po#er& As for its pe ople, the$ are an inno+ati+e,

optimistic and resilient group #ho changed our #orld for the !etter more than once, and surel$ the$ #ill do it again& n fact, $ou can

ta/e that to the !an/T

";. %A.D

urope is the planet's Dth largestcontinent A includes E> countriesand assorted dependencies, islands and territories& urope's

recogni6ed surface area co+ers a!out ,39, s /m (3,937,93 s mi) or 2 of the arth's surface, and a!out 8&9 of its land

area&

n e


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$kraineis "urope


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0he ;ussian landmass west of the $ral -ountainsis commonl$ referred to as "uropean Russiain most educational atlases, and !$the +ast ma*orit$ of geograph$ e


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+amesake90he name EuropeE comes from Gree/ m$tholog$& 0he continent #as actuall$ named after uropa, a .hoenician

princess that Reus a!ducted after he assumed the form of an impressi+e #hite !ull&

-a(or Languages9>anguages +ar$ greatl$ across the entire uropean continent& 0he ';omance >anguages' of =rench, talian

and panish are the most pre+alent& nglish and Germanic languages are used in man$ places& la+ic languages are spo/en in easternurope, and to the north, candina+ian and altic languages are u!iuitous from celand east to uropean ;ussia&

&opulation9739,1, (212)

t is the third most populous continent, after Asia and Africa

&opulation .ensity97 per s /m (191 per s mi)

Largest "uropean Countries By &opulations9(211 estimates)

/ermany991,471,934

France985,12,71

$nited 0ingdom982,89,382

Italy981,18,94

Spain948,754,794

$kraine945,134,77

&oland939,441,599

Romania921,4,551


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+etherlands918,947,7

&ortugal91,78,35

/reece91,78,138

Belgium1,431,477

C'ech Republic1,1,213

Belarus,577,552

Sweden,388,2

Belarus9,372,3

Continent Si'e9,39, s /m, 3,937,91 s miles

0he onl$ continent smaller in area is AustraliaBceania

&ercent of "arthondon, ngland, east to Hie+, "/raine (see map)


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Vertical Length92,78 miles (3,341 /m) from ra/lio, rete, north to >ulea, #edenD (see map)

Note: Lengths and widths are point-to-point# straight-line measurements and will vary some using other map pro$ections.

Largest "uropean Countries9 (!$ land area)

$kraine983,7 s /m

France9547,3 s /m

Spain954,792 s /m

Sweden944,84 s /m

/ermany9357,21 s /m

Finland9339,445 s /m

+orway9323,92 s /m

&oland9312,895 s /m

Italy931&22 s /m $09244,92 s /m

Alps9

>ocated in south-central urope, the$ e


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end in Al!ania on the rugged coastline of the Adriatic ea&

Hno#n for stunning scener$, glaciers, la/es and +alle$s and the !est s/iing conditions on the planet, the$'re the source of man$ ri+ers

and tri!utaries including the anu!e,.o,;hine and ;hone&

0he highest point is %ont lancat 15,771 ft& (4,97 m)

Apennines9

0he source of almost all ri+ers in tal$ including the Arno, 0i!er, and olturno, the Apennines %ountains (Ital. Appennino) 93 miles

(1,35 /m) in length, form the !ac/!one of the countr$, and run the entire length of the talian .eninsula, ending on the island of

icil$&

0he highest point is %t& ornoat ,58 ft& (2,14 m)&

Atlantic )ighlands9

=ormed million of $ears ago during the aledonian mountain-!uilding periods as #estern lands #ere (forced) or pushed against the

candina+ian hield& ignificant mountain ranges here include the H*olenin or#a$ and #eden, and the .enninesthat stretch through

the central "nited Hingdom&

Balkan -ountains

0hese mountains e


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0here are ma*or su!di+isions, and the highest point is %t& Gerlacho+/ainin northern lo+a/ia, standing at 9,711 ft& (2,855 m)&

Caucasus -ountains

tretching from the lac/ ea to the aspian ea, these +olcanic mountains ha+e man$ pea/s a!o+e 15, ft& (4,572 m)&

0he highest point (and the highest point in urope) is located here: %t& l!rusat 19,58 ft& (5,842 m)

Great @ungarian .lain

>ocated in southeastern urope, and surrounded !$ mountains, the land features se+eral small forests and large patches of grassland&

t a+erages onl$ 1 meters a!o+e sea le+el and often suffers from dr$ conditions, thus rel$ing on #inter sno# run-off from the Alps

and arpathian %ountains&

0(olen %ountains

0his *agged mountain s$stemruns along the !order of eastern or#a$ and #estern #eden& 0he highest point is %t& He!ne/aise,

standing at 8,85 ft& (2,123 m)&

-assif entral

0his mountainous plateau of southeastern =rance is the source of the Allier, reuse and >oire& t's a!out 32,19 s& miles (95, 1 s&

/m) in si6e, and the highest point is .u$ de anc$ at 8,198 ft& (1,995 m)&

-esata

0he central plateau, or %esata, co+ers nearl$ half of the entire countr$ of pain& 0his high plateau a+erages a!out 2,3 ft& (7 m) in

the north, and 2, ft& (8 m) in the south&

t's surrounded !$ a series of mountain rangesincluding the anta!rian, ierra e Gata and ierra Guadarrama in the north and

central, and the ierra %orena and ierra e+ada in the south&

0hese mountains separate the %eseta from the osta erde, the !ro +alle$, the %editerranean and the +alle$s of Andalucia&

orth uropean .lain
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0he fertile orth uropean .lain slopes to the north-northeast from the Alps, e


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+%R#) A-"RICA9
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+%R#) A-"RICA )IS#%R89

Anthropologists !elie+e that orth America's initial inha!itants arri+ed around 4, $ears ago !$ tra+ersing the Bering Strait,ome

e


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ndigenous peoples of the Americasha+e !een lin/ed to orth Asian populations !$ linguistic dialects and !lood t$pes&

After the last glacial period ended some 12,5 $ears !ac/, a #ide +ariet$ of prehistoric cultures de+eloped across the continent, north

to south& 0he de+elopment of stone tools #as one of the factors instrumental in that successful

eong !efore the "uropeansarri+ed, small groups de+eloped throughout the Americas,Across the /reat &lainshunter-gathererse


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language, as #ell as far-reaching ad+ances in art, architecture, astronomical s$stems and mathematics& =rom the $ears 25 to ,

the$ #ere at the pinnacle of their po#er&

n +orth America2sophisticated pre-olum!ian cultures continued to de+elop& Across regions of #hat is no# the $nited States2social

organi6ation #ere !uilding mound comple


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n 142, after proposing a +o$age of disco+er$ to the then mostl$-imagined e# World, hristopher olum!us left Spainon an epic

*ourne$, financed !$ sa!ella and =erdinand , Uueen and Hing of pain& Within a fe# months he reached land in the Bahamas, and

orth America #ould change fore+er&

After olum!us made his initial +o$age to this e# World, #ord of its potential riches spread across "uropeand e


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As a result of uropean e


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=or man$ reasons, including the possi!ilit$ of America's interest in anne


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n 114, the &anama Canalopened& the 49-mile (77&1 /m) ship canal in .anama connecting the Atlantic

cean (+ia the ari!!ean ea) to the .acific cean ena!led ships to a+oid the length$ Cape )ornroute around the southernmost tip

of South America,

At the end of World War (fought from 114 to 119 in urope) the earl$ 2th centur$ !rought an age of great prosperit$ to the "nited

tates, and to a lesser degree anada& ut the toc/ %ar/et rash of 12 #as the most de+astating stoc/ mar/et crash in the histor$

of the "nited tates, and that crash affected all Western industriali6ed countries and did not end in the "nited tates until the onset of

American mo!ili6ation for World War in 141&

n %e


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the Uuiet ;e+olution and the emergence ofUue!ec nationalism&

uring this time the "nited tates !ecamein+ol+ed in the Vietnam ;ar,0hat #ar #ould later pro+e to !e highl$ di+isi+e in American

societ$, and American troops #ere #ithdra#n& anada during this era #as dominated !$ the leadership of .ierre lliot 0rudeau&

+entuall$ in 192 at the end of his tenure, anada had a ne# constitution&

%a*or changes continued into the 21st centur$D -e6icoe


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Additional orth American countries (not sho#n on this map) includeD Antigua and

Barbuda2 Barbados2.ominica2/renada2)aiti2St, 0itts G +e*is2St, Lucia2St, Vincent G the /renadines and #rinidad G

#obago,

+%R#) A-"RICA /"%/RA&)8 +%#"S9

0#o of orth America's most interesting geographical features are the Great . lains and the %ississippi ;i+er $stem: !oth impressi+e in

so man$ #a$s&

/reat &lains90he Great .lains of orth America slope east from the ;oc/ies and e


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Vertical Length9=rom arro#, Alas/a, directl$ southeast to .anama it$, .anamaD 5,347 miles (9,85 /m) (see map)

Note:Lengths and widths are point-to-point# straight-line measurements and will vary some using other map pro$ections.

Note:%or additional geography details please use the yellow navigation "ar at the top of this page

+amesake9Americo espucci, the talian e


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Antigua G Barbuda99,

.ominica987,

Saint 0itts G +e*is939,8

+orth America Country &opulations9(23 countries - 21 estimates)

$nited States93,75,

-e6ico919,38,211

Canada934,27,

/uatemala914,377,

Cuba911,24,

.ominican Republic91,225,

)aiti91,199,

)onduras97,818,

"l Sal*ador98,14,

+icaragua95,922,

Costa Rica94,84,

&anama93,322,578


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Continent Si'e924,474, s /m, ,44,48 s miles

t's the third-largest continent in area, follo#ing Asia and Africa&

&ercent of "arth


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/uatemala919,9 s /m

&anama979,2 s /m

Costa Rica951,1 s /m

.ominican Republic949,73 s /m

Alaska Range9%ountains of south-central Alas/a that e


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0he highest point is %t& %itchell in orth arolina at 8,894 ft (2,37 m)

Brooks Range9

%ountains of northern Alas/a& @ighest pointD %t& sto, ,8 ft& (2,78 m)

Canadian Shield90his plateau region of eastern and northern anada and the Great >a/es area of orth America mainl$ includes rough and roc/$

surfaces, and large areas of coniferous (e+ergreen) forests& n addition, the northern regions along the Arctic ircle are comprised of

roc/$ fro6en tundra& 0he highest ele+ation is estimated at 1,84 ft (5 meters)&

Cascades9

A mountain range stretching from northeastern alifornia across regon and Washington& %a*or pea/s included -t, )ood, -t,

Ranier, and -t, St, )elens&

Coast Range9

%ountains running along the .acific cean coastlines of alifornia, regon, Washington& 0he$ also e


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Rocky -ountains90he ;oc/$ %ountains, a!out 3, miles in length, e


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%edicine o#

%onashee

#$hee

.urcell

acramento

almon ;i+er

an Andres

angre de risto

a#atch

hoshone

teens

till#ater

#an

0etons

"nita

Wallo#a

Wasatch


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Wind ;i+er

W$oming

Runi

0he highest point in the ;oc/ies is %t& l!ert, located 1 miles south#est of >ead+ille, olorado& t stands at 14,433 ft (4,3

meters)&

Sierra -adres9ierra %adres include t#o ma*or ranges, and one smaller one& 0he ierra %adre ccidental runs parallel to %e


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%a$a %ountains (eli6e)

ierra de ahoruco (@aiti)

errania de 0a!asara (.anama)

ierra %aestra (u!a)

Sierra +e*ada9

0his mountain range of eastern alifornia is a!out 4 miles in length& 0he highest point is -t, ;hitneyat 14,44 ft& (4,419

meters)&

SOUTH AMERICA
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South America, the planet's 4th largest continent, includes (12) independent countries and (3) ma*or territories: the =al/land

slands, Galapagos slands and =rench Guiana&
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0he continent contains the #orld's highest #aterfall, Angel Fallsin ene6uela: the largest ri+er (!$ +olume), the Ama'on Ri*er:

the longest mountain range, theAndes, and the driest place on earth, the Atacama .esert in Chile,

n addition, it includes the largest rainforest, the Ama'on Rainforest: the highest capital cit$, La &a'2 Boli*ia: the highest

commerciall$ na+iga!le la/e in the #orld,Lake #iticaca: and, e


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Sal*ador2 Bra'il93,173,5

Fortale'a2 Bra'il92,78,2

Cali2 Colombia92,9&8

Largest Countries9

(!$ population - 29 est)

Bra'il913,91,987

Colombia945,858,

Argentina94,95,13

&eru92,389,

Vene'uela92,132,

Chile917,25,

"cuador914,229,

Boli*ia9,192,

&araguay98,159,

$ruguay93,483,

/uyana9751,

Suriname94,
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Continent Si'e917,91, s /m, 8,97, s miles

t's the fourth-largest continent in area, follo#ing Asia, Africa and orth America

&ercent of "arth


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Chile9758,5 s /m

&araguay948,75 s /m

"cuador9293,58 s /m

/uyana9214, s /m

$ruguay9178,22 s /m

Suriname9183,27 s /m

Ama'on Basin9

0he Ama6on asin (Amaonia) is co+ered !$ the largest tropical rain forest in the #orld, and running through its heart is

the Ama'on Ri*erand its more than 1, tri!utaries, se+en of them more than 1, miles in length& %easura!le rain falls on an

a+erage of 2 da$s a $ear here, and total rainfall often approaches 1 inches per $ear&

0he !asin drains o+er 2,7, s& miles, and co+ers a!out one-third of outh America& ;ising high in the Andes, the ri+er's

net#or/ irrigates almost half of the continent, and in terms of +olume of #ater discharged into an ocean&&& it's the largest in the

#orld&

Andes -ountains9

0his tooth$-edged mountain s$stem, some 4,5 miles (7,24 /m) in length, e


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Bra'ilian )ighlands9

0his magnificent landscape of southeastern Bra'ilis 9 miles in length and contains +aried mountain ranges, namel$ the erra de

%antiuiera, erra do .aranapiata!a, erra Geral, and erra do %ar& 0he estimated highest point is 7,389 ft (2,245m)&

Bra'ilian Shield9

0he shield is a geologic formation l$ing south of the Ama6on& @undreds of ri+ers and streams flo# through this area on their #a$ tothe Ama'on0hese ri+ers contain a large num!er of migrator$ fish species&

Cape )orn9

0he southernmost tip of outh America, remains a maritime legend to this da$, as sailing around this remote point and through its

+iolent stretch of chaotic #ater is one of the most challenging nautical routes on the planet&

/uina )ighlands9

+er 1, miles in length, the @ighlands stretch from southern Vene'uelato the northern !order of Bra'il,t's a +ast plateau,

one mar/ed !$ deep gorges, tropical rain forests, numerous ri+ers and #aterfalls& t's famed for the highest #aterfall in the #orld

(Angel =alls) at 3,212 ft (7m) high& 0he highest point is %t& ;oraima on the !orders of ra6il, /uyanaand ene6uela at ,21 ft(2,91m)&

Llanos9

0his large and +er$ fertile plain, located in eastern and central Colombia, and central and southern Vene'uela2is drained !$

the %rinoco Ri*erand its man$ tri!utaries& t's appro


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;i+er to 0ierra del =uego and the trait of %agellan& t's mostl$ rugged, !arren land, famed for its !eaut$ and stri/ing mountain

scener$&

#ierra .el Fuego9

>ocated at the southern tip of outh America, the 0ierra el =uego archipelago includes one large island (19,571 s miles, 49,1

s /m) in si6e, and a series of smaller ones& t #as reportedl$ named !$ the .ortuguese ad+enturer, =erdinand %agellan, the firste


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ceania also includes %icronesia, a #idel$ scattered group of islands that run along the northern and southern edges of the

uator&

oteD All AustraliaBceania recogni6ed countries are la!eled in redon the map: dependencies and territories are la!eled in black,

Continent .etails9+ote9All recogni6ed countries of ceania are sho#n in redon the map&

+amesake90he name EceaniaE (c?anie) #as coined in 1912 !$ geographer onrad %alte-run& t is from a =rench #ord

deri+ed from the Gree/ #ord ([/ean\s), or ocean&

-a(or Languages9%a*or languages include the A!original Australian languages from the .amaS$ungan and 0ransSe#

Guinea families, and appro


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Continent Si'e99,112, s /m, 3,132,5 s miles&

Note: &hile some others do# our *ceania sie (shown a"ove) does not factor in the +alay Archipelago# which includes Indonesia#the ,hilippines# ingapore# runei# /ast +alaysia and /ast Timor. Also# 0awaii is not included as it geographically "elongs to nocontinent.

&ercent of "artha/e $re, Australia (-52 ft) (-18m) (see map)

/eographic Center9una+aila!le

)ori'ontal Length95,99 miles (,479 /m) from .erth, Australia, east to .apeete, 0ahitiD (see map)

Vertical Length93,1 miles (8&22 /m) from Auc/land, e# Realand north#est to GuamD (see map)

Note: Lengths and widths are point-to-point# straight-line measurements and will vary some using other map pro$ections.

ceania contains a #ide +ariet$ of landforms, #ith most of the significant ones locatedin the countries of Australia2, +ew

1ealandand &apua +ew /uinea,And !ecause most of the islands of ceania are small in si6e (mere dots on the map), it's

impossi!le for us to sho# their indi+idual landforms on a single and reada!le map&

%an$ of those small island are remnantsof ancient +olcanic acti+it$, or coral atollsthat encircles a lagoon partiall$ or completel$&

=e# ha+e ri+ers of an$ si6e, and for that matter la/es& o, here #e sho# and descri!e Australia's recogni6ed landforms, and for the
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other countries, dependencies and territories, please access them indi+iduall$ on this map,

Australia Landforms page !

oteD Australia is e


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the longest ri+er in Australia and is a +ital source of irrigation for the countr$'s ma*or agricultural industries&

.ARLI+/ RA+/"

0his lo# mountain range runs through far south#estern Australia& ts highest point is %t& oo/e at 1,1 =t& (59 m)&

FRAS"R ISLA+.

>ocated along Australia's oral ea coastline, to the north of ris!ane (and not shown on this map), =raser sland is Australia's

fourth largest island (after 0asmania, %el+ille sland and Hangaroo sland), and the largest sand island in the #orld& reated !$ the

action of #ind o+er thousands of $ears, the island is 12 /m long and a!out 15 /m #ide&

Australia Landforms page J!

/IBS%+ ."S"R#

o+ered !$ small sand dunes and a fe# roc/$ hills, this 12, s& mile desert is home to numerous A!original reser+es& =arming

and cattle raising acti+ities are difficult here as rain seldom falls&

/R"A# AR#"SIA+ BASI+

Also /no# as Ehannel ountr$,E it's one of the largest artesian ground#ater !asins in the #orld and a +ital source of #ater for

Australian agriculture&

/R"A# A$S#RALIA+ BLI/)#

0his spectacular

/R"A# .IVI.I+/ RA+/"

;unning along the easternBsoutheastern edge of the countr$ and e


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/R"A# VIC#%RIA ."S"R#

=amous for its red sand dunes, indigenous #ildlife and isolation, the ictoria esert (25, s& miles in si6e) e


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ast-West crossing of Australia in the mid-19s& Along the southern coastline on the Great Australian ight, (Bight:a "end or

curve in the shoreline) the local terrain is unparalleled& normous stretches of pure #hite sand are found in the il!un$a unes and

the a> four natural criteria for World @eritage listings& 0hose criteriasinclude outstanding e


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Si'e913,2, s /m, 5,1,21 s miles

(varies due to changing ice shelves)

&ercent of "arth


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&opulation fficiall$ none, !ut go+ernmental research stations are populated #ith small groups of scientists at all times& n

addition, during the 211B212 season, nearl$ 417, tourists +isited the continent&
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/islands_oceans_poles/antarctic_region_pol02.jpg


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