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Government at a Glance 2015
Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
Sweden has been one of the best fiscal performerssince the start of the global crisis in 2008
Whereas in 2007, government debt (according to the System of National Accounts definition) as a percent-age of GDP was 45.3%, it had increased by 5.9 percentage points in 2014, reaching 51.2%. This was the smallest increase for OECD countries with available information where debt increased (all but one). Addi-tionally, in 2014 the deficit reached 1.9 as a percentage of GDP (0.7% structural deficit), significantly below the OECD average of 4.2% (3.1% structural deficit).
Chapter 2: Public finance and economics
General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPGeneral government gross debt as a percentage of GDPGeneral government structural balance as a percentage of potential GDP
Sweden leads the OECD in terms of public sector gender equality
In 2015, Sweden had the highest share of female members of parliament (43.6%) in the OECD and the sec-ond highest share of female ministers (52%). In the public sector more broadly, women are strongly over-represented. In 2013, 72% of all public sector employees were women, which was the highest share within the OECD. For the same year, at 47.6% the share of women in the total workforce was among the highest in the OECD, demonstrating a level close to parity.
Chapter 3: Public employment and compensation
Share of public sector employment filled by women and menShare of women parliamentarians and legislated gender quotas
A challenge for Sweden is the decline in the quality of its school system
Among all OECD member countries, Sweden experienced the strongest fall of PISA test scores between 2003 and 2012 (e.g. 30 points in mathematics). Whereas it ranked above OECD average in 2003 (e.g. 509 in mathematics vs an OECD average of 496), it fell below OECD average in all tested subjects (e.g. 478 in mathematics vs an OECD average of 494) although spending per student is well above the OECD average: 101 155 USD PPP cumulative expenditure per student in Sweden compared to 86 872 USD PPP on average in the OECD in 2011. In addition, citizens’ satisfaction with the education system decreased from 71% in 2007 to 64% in 2014.
Chapter 11 Core government results
Performance in 2012 PISA scores and cumulative expenditure per studentLife expectancy at birth and total expenditures on health per capita
Chapter 12: Serving Citizens
Evolution of PISA mean score in mathematicsCitizens’ satisfaction with the education system
Sweden
Government revenues(2013, 2014)
Government expenditures(2013, 2014)
Government gross debt *(2013, 2014)
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts
G@G /dataG@G /data
-15% -10% 0%-5% +5% +10% +15%
Sweden
-4.2%-1.9%
2013 2013
-1.4%
2014
Fiscal balance *(2013, 2014)
% of GDP
Public investment(2013, 2014)
% of of total govt. expenditures
How to read the figures:
Sweden
Country value in blue (not represented if not available)
Average of OECD countries in green
Range of OECD country values in grey
Public Finance & Economics Public Employment & Compensation
Public Finance and Economics
GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
29.3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
52.5%Sweden
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2013
41.9%
53.0%(2014)
53.3%(2013)
Sweden
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
2013
7.8%
8.5%(2014)
8.4%(2013)
Sweden
44.6%
2013
51.2% 100%
0%2014
109.3%100%
0% 2013
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%
Sweden
Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes
Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to
data not available
Source: OECD/Eurostat National Accounts* SNA definition, see Notes
Public Employment and Compensation
G@G /data
58.0%
71.8%Sweden
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Public sector employment filled by women (2013)
Source: International Labour Organization (database)
Share of women ministers(2015)
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database
Public sector employmentas % of total employment (2013)
Source: International Labour Organization (database)
21.3%
28.1%Sweden
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2013
37.7%
51.1%(2014)
51.9%(2013)
Sweden
GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Institutions Regulatory Governance Public Procurement Public Sector Integrity Digital Government
Digital Gov.
High Moderate Low
30%59%11%
n.a.Sweden
G@G /data
Level ofinfluence of the
Centre of Governmentover line ministries
(2013)
Institutions
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government
Women in Government
Primary lawsSubordinateregulations
Stakeholder engagement to inform o�cials about the problem and
possible solutions
Primary lawsSubordinateregulations
Consultation on draft regulations or proposed rules
For some primary laws
For all primary laws
3%15%65%15%2%
6%9%
62%23%0%
68%6%
18%6%2%
For major subordinate regulations
For all primary laws /subordinate regulations
For major primary laws /subordinate regulations
For some primary laws /subordinate regulations
NeverNotapplicable
For some subordinate regulations
53%18%24%5%0%
Sweden
G@G /data
Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)
Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)
Regulatory Governance
Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2014)
G@G /data
Public Procurement
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29.0%
50%
31.0%
Sweden
Source: OECD National Accounts
Procurement expenditure(2013)
% of government expenditures
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement
Public Sector Integrity
2632
64
44
Judicial Branch “At risk” areasLegislative BranchExecutive Branch
Low level
Medium level
High level
2329
5451
SwedenSwedenSwedenSweden
Level of disclosure of private interestsacross branches of government
(2014)
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection
0.58
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.24Sweden
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, ReusableGovernment Data (2014)
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data
Support for greenpublic procurement
A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities
A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level
Support forSMEs
Support for innovativegoods and services
13 26 1
A strategy / policy has been rescinded
A strategy / policy has never been developed
2 10 25 0 3 10 23 0 3
Sweden
GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES
Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the dif ference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off fiscal operations. Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt. Government gross debt for Sweden is reported on an adjusted basis (i.e. excluding unfunded pension liabilities).
Core Government Results and Service Delivery
Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption Access to healthcare (2012)
Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014
Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014)
71%
Judicial system
Education system
78%
20
40
60
80
100
Health care
67%64%
54%69%
National government42%56%
Sweden
Average
Range
Source: Gallup World Poll
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
SwedenTop10%
0.7%
Bottom10%
3.8%
Top10%
Bottom10%
-1.6% -0.8%
Changes in household disposable income,by income group (2007-2011)
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Limited government powers(2014)
Sweden0.88
0.76
[0.37-0.92]
Source: The World Justice Project
Equity in learning outcomes (2012)PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background
14.8%
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
10.6%Sweden
Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Government at a Glance 2015With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the
goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances
and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to
citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management
issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government
results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
2.8%
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%
3.3%Sweden