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COUNTRYPROFILE POLAND
IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2020, Digital 2020, Talent 2019: summaries
WORLD COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
BASIC FACTSCapital
Land area (square km '000) 3132019
Exchange Rate (per $) 3.8392019
Population - market size (millions) 38.382019 22
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 589.92019 22
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 33,5382019 38
Real GDP growth (%) 4.12019 11
Consumer price inflation (%) 2.312019 39
Unemployment rate (%) 3.302019 9
Labor force (millions) 17.022019 24
Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.472019 33
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 231.82018 22
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 2.552019 24
PEER GROUPS RANKINGSEUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL
POLANDOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank
Warsaw
CHALLENGES IN 2020Covid-19 crisis management: the implementation of the “anti-crisis
shield”.
SGH Warsaw School of Economics, World Economy Research
Institute, Collegium of World Economy
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
33
3834
38 39
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2216
53
35
13
40
52
3944
3226
46 43 41
49
38 3730
41
31
Dom
estic
Eco
nom
y
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Inte
rnat
iona
l Inv
estm
ent
Empl
oym
ent
Pric
es
Publ
ic F
inan
ce
Tax
Polic
y
Inst
itutio
nal F
ram
ewor
k
Busi
ness
Leg
isla
tion
Soci
etal
Fra
mew
ork
Prod
uctiv
ity &
Effi
cien
cy
Labo
r M
arke
t
Fina
nce
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
Att
itude
s an
d V
alue
s
Basi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Tech
nolo
gica
l Inf
rast
ruct
ure
Scie
ntifi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Hea
lth a
nd E
nvir
onm
ent
Educ
atio
n
Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
21 25 22 25 26
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
13 15 13 16 15
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
• Covid-19 crisis management: the implementation of the “anti-crisis shield”.
• Deployment of innovative digital technologies and improvement of connectivity.
• Broader and easier access to healthcare: remote medical care.• Enhancing digital skills to boost employability from home.• Stable, predictable and user-friendly legislation.
Provided by:SGH Warsaw School of Economics, World Economy Research Institute, Collegium of World Economy
IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2019
WCY 2020 DECLINES
WCY 2019
1.2.02 Current account balance -0.74 0.47 2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -0.38
1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth 7.26 15.72 1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 1.60
2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.067 0.012 4.4.23 Environment-related technologies 0.36
4.3.18 Number of patents in force 12.2 17.2 1.4.04 Employment - long-term growth 4.11
4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 7.74 10.60 3.2.14 Labor force long-term growth -1.46
4.3.07 Total R&D personnel per capita 3.16 4.22 2.4.07 Government subsidies 0.43
2.1.11 Pension funding 2.39 3.05 2.2.09 Consumption tax rate 18.00
4.3.10 Researchers in R&D per capita 2.5 3.1 4.1.07 Population - growth -0.06
1.2.12 Exports of commercial services ($bn) 59.21 72.00 2.5.12 Unemployment rate - gender ratio 1.00
4.3.05 Business expenditure on R&D (%) 0.67 0.80 1.1.14 Real GDP growth 5.1
4.4.04 Health infrastructure 2.97 3.56 1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 5.16
4.3.02 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 1.03 1.21 3.3.07 Regulatory compliance (banking laws) 6.55
4.5.10 Student mobility inbound 1.42 1.66 2.4.12 New business density 1.7
3.2.21 Brain drain 4.27 4.95 3.3.16 Credit 6.42
4.4.26 Pollution problems 3.79 4.37 3.2.20 Attracting and retaining talents 6.06
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
POLANDCOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION
-0.74
-1.99
0.55
23.00
-0.07
1.20
4.1
5.60
The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are
determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.
WCY 2020
5.32
KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORSFrom a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key
attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses
to the lowest.
2.31
0.21
2.61
4.18
5.60
1.4
13.8%16.9%18.5%18.5%18.5%21.5%21.5%24.6%26.2%29.2%30.8%41.5%56.9%61.5%63.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Quality of corporate governanceCompetency of government
Policy stability & predictabilityCompetitive tax regime
Strong R&D cultureEffective legal environment
Reliable infrastructureBusiness-friendly environment
Open and positive attitudesAccess to financing
Effective labor relationsCost competitivenessHigh educational level
Dynamism of the economySkilled workforce
WORLD COMPETITIVENESSDIGITAL RANKING 2020
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
Alpha AlphaLabelBeta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2
6.5 4 4 2 28.5 4 4 2 211 4 4 2 2
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
38 37 36 33 32
27 32 33 33 30
36 39 37 37 37
51 39 37 33 35
OVERALL
Future readiness
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS
EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS
Technology
DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL
POLAND
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years
Knowledge
38 37 36 33 3233
38
34
38 39
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Digital
Competitiveness
26 26 25 22 21
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
14 14 13 13 12
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
30 29 32 28
37 46 36 2332
35 29 33 38
Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration
Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework
Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integrationThe direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined
Overall Factors Sub-Factors
N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.
u Overall top strengths
w Overall top weaknesses
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202017 28 30 28 29
22 23 35 35 32
39 40 38 31 28
Talent Rank Rank Rank
u Educational assessment PISA - Math 9 22 33 International experience 35 25 33 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 45 30 25 Management of cities 35 32 u 14 Digital/Technological skills 43 37 36 Net flow of international students 27 34 35 16
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202045 47 46 45 46
32 32 32 38 36
39 39 37 30 23
Regulatory framework Rank Rank Rank
w Starting a business 54 27 45 Enforcing contracts 39 35 42w Immigration laws 46 34 u 3w Development & application of tech. 48 35 38 Scientific research legislation 41 29 27 Intellectual property rights 36 44 36
Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202051 38 33 37 29
55 45 40 28 33
41 41 40 36 38
Adaptive attitudes Rank Rank Rank
u E-Participation 9 42 23 Internet retailing 33 19 w 51u Tablet possession 8 25 46 Smartphone possession 43 22 36w Attitudes toward globalization 54 43 40
Training & education Scientific concentration
Talent
Robots in Education and R&D
IT integration
Business agility IT integration
Scientific concentration
Capital Technological framework
FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
POLAND
FUTURE READINESS
TECHNOLOGY
Technological framework
Opportunities and threats E-GovernmentWorld robots distribution Public-private partnerships
IT & media stock market capitalization Communications technology
Regulatory framework
Capital
KNOWLEDGE
Entrepreneurial fear of failure
Agility of companies Cyber securityUse of big data and analytics Software piracyKnowledge transfer
Adaptive attitudes
Business agility
Venture capital Internet bandwidth speedInvestment in Telecommunications High-tech exports (%)
Funding for technological development Mobile Broadband subscribersBanking and financial services Wireless broadbandCountry credit rating Internet users
Training & education
Employee training Total expenditure on R&D (%)Total public expenditure on education Total R&D personnel per capitaHigher education achievement Female researchersPupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) R&D productivity by publicationGraduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employmentWomen with degrees High-tech patent grants
WORLD TALENTRANKING 2019
All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.
Visit our eShop
Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2
Value
4.9 % 26u 22.4 % 23 3,305 US$ 40u 10.74 ratio 6u 9.77 ratio 14 5.10 Survey [0..10] 25 6.39 Survey [0..10] 23 44.93 % 38w 2.97 Survey [0..10] 57
Value
u 66.30 index 9 6.06 Survey [0..10] 44 5.76 Survey [0..10] 33 4.27 Survey [0..10] 42 5.79 Survey [0..10] 41 4.42 Survey [0..10] 45 18,898 US$ 34 152,515 US$ 36w 25.75 % 54 4.12 Survey [0..10] 45w 20.94 micrograms 48
Value
w -0.71 % 60 4.90 Survey [0..10] 46w 5.73 Survey [0..10] 46 5.82 Survey [0..10] 25 5.25 Survey [0..10] 39 5.55 Survey [0..10] 40 22.86 % 35 6.09 Survey [0..10] 38 6.03 Survey [0..10] 39 6.54 Survey [0..10] 29 1.66 number 39u 503 Average 18
Investment & Development 2019 Rank
Health infrastructure meets the needs of society
2019 Rank
Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP
Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented
Readiness 2019 Rank
Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds
Appeal
Exposure to particle pollution Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre
is readily available
Labor force growth Percentage change
Skilled labor
Management education meets the needs of the business community
Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants
Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences
University education meets the needs of a competitive economy
Finance skills are readily available
International experience of senior managers is generally significant
Competent senior managers are readily available
Justice is fairly administered
Remuneration in services professions Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$
Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
Quality of life is high
Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment
Cost-of-living index Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)
Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies
Worker motivation in companies is high
Gov. expenditure on education per student Percentage of GDP per capita (secondary education)
Total public exp. on education per student
POLAND
Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels
Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff
Ratio of students to teaching staff
Employee training is a high priority in companies
Female labor force Percentage of total labor force
IMD World Talent Ranking 2019
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)
29 29
34
3837
18 18
21
24
27
51
45 45
40
46
24 24
33
39
45
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Overall
Investment &Development
Appeal
Readiness
27
4637
45
Investment & Development
Appeal
Readiness
The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined
2020
IMD WORLDCOMPETITIVENESSYEARBOOK
IMD
Wor
ld C
ompe
titive
ness
Year
book
About the Institute for Management Development (IMD)
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