Country Profiles Europe and Central Asia · 2012-12-09 · Victims Detected victims of trafficking, by age category, 2008-2010 16 22 14 92 72 83 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2008 2009 2010

COUNTRY PROFILES

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

− Albania − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Albania covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

25

1420

29

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

Males

Source: Directorate of State Police/Sector against Illicit Trafficking.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

9

16

711

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

Males

Source: Ministry of Justice.

Victims

Detected victims of trafficking, by age category, 2008-2010

16 22 14

92 72 83

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2008 2009 2010

Adults

Children

Source: All the agencies that identify victims of trafficking: police, social service, shelters.

According to the authorities, the victims were all Albanians trafficked for sexual exploitation. Source: All the agencies that identify victims of trafficking: police, social service, shelters.

Additional information The Albanian National Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Persons was approved by Council of Minister decision n.142 dated 23 February 2011.

− Armenia− The current legislation on trafficking in persons existing in Armenia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

4 5 67

18

5

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

FemalesMales

Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

2 2

11

4

94

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


All the persons convicted were Armenian nationals. Source: Police and Office of the Prosecutor General.

Victims

Detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010

2 51 3

13

36 31

42

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2007 2008 2009 2010

WomenMenGirlsBoys


Number of victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

Others, 8

Sexual exploitation,

123

Forced labour, 18


Victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Russian Fed., 24

Armenia, 124

Others Eastern Europe,

1


According to the Armenian Police, the vast majority of victims are Armenian women who were trafficked abroad – in particular to Turkey and United Arab Emirates – for sexual exploitation.

Source: Armenian Police. Additional information In order to ensure the effectiveness of the anti-trafficking response, the RA Government through its Resolution N 1385-A of November 20, 2008 approved the National Referral Mechanism for Trafficked Persons (NRM). The NRM focuses on identifying an effective way for providing services to the victims of trafficking including those related to provision of shelter, access to professional medical and psychological assistance, consultancy, educational or training programs. A Council to combat THB in Armenia was formed by the decision of the government No. 861-A dated December 6, 2007. The council is headed by the Deputy Prime Minister. Heads of all the line ministries and stakeholder agencies are involved as members of this Council. Representatives from non-governmental and international organizations are also actively participating in the activities of the council. Whereas Armenia’s first and second Action Plans aimed at creating the required legislative framework and setting the base for the prevention of human trafficking, prosecution of offenders and providing assistance to victims, the third one (for 2011-2012) focuses on specific capacity building in the 3Ps of prevention, prosecution and protection and improving the current situation by reviewing and assessing previous actions. Its Implementation Timetable, with the relevant performance indicators, which fall under the following six main categories: anti-trafficking legislation and law enforcement; studies, monitoring and evaluation; cooperation; protection and support of victims of trafficking; prevention of trafficking in human beings; and coordination. In April 2011, the Criminal Code was amended to increase the severity of the punishment, as well as provide property confiscation for the convicted offenders.

− Austria − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Austria covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


11

3

21

11

2

13

5

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Federal Ministry of the Interior.


23

12

26

9

7

6

6

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

FemalesM l

Source: Judicial Criminal Statistics.

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Others, 3

Hungary, 25

Romania, 14

Bulgaria, 9

Others - Europe, 12

Austria, 30

Source: Judicial Criminal Statistics.

Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons detected by law enforcement, by age and gender, 2007-2010

33

3

1

8

2

8

11

1

2

8

2

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

Men

Women

Girls

Boys


Number of victims of trafficking in persons detected by law enforcement, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Others , 6

Romania, 14

Bulgaria, 10

Austria (domestic

trafficking), 5


Victims of trafficking in persons assisted by LEFÖ-IBF (an NGO), by age and gender, 2007-2010

18 13 10 11

152190

172

220

2

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007 2008 2009 2010

Men

Women

Girls

Source: LEFÖ-Intervention Center for Trafficked Women (LEFÖ-IBF).

Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by LEFÖ-IBF, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

Sexual exploitaiton, 491

Servitude, 104

Forced labour, 173

Forced marriage, 20

Source: LEFÖ-IBF.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by LEFÖ-IBF,

by citizenship, 2007-2010

Others, 244

Russian Fed., 24

Ukraine, 34

Slovakia, 31

Philippines, 52Hungary, 63

Nigeria, 105

Bulgaria, 108

Romania, 109

Austria (domestic trafficking), 18

Source: LEFÖ-IBF.

Additional information The Austrian Task Force on Human Trafficking, headed by the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, was set up in 2004 and is charged with coordinating and intensifying the measures in combating human trafficking. It is composed of representatives of all competent ministries, including outsourced agencies, the federal provinces and non-governmental organisations and accompanied by a National Coordinator on Combating Human Trafficking since 2009.

The Second Austrian National Action Plan on Human Trafficking covers the period from 2009-2011 and explicitly explains within whose scope of competence or responsibility the implementation of the relevant actions fall. It consists of the following nine chapters: coordination; prevention; identification of potential victims of trafficking; protection of and support to victims of trafficking; criminal prosecution and legal framework; compensation; data collection; evaluation/monitoring; and international cooperation. The NGO LEFÖ-IBF (Intervention Centre for Migrant Women Affected by Human Trafficking) acts on the basis of a government mandate and is thus officially responsible for the implementation of certain action steps of the National Action Plan.

− Azerbaijan− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Azerbaijan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


14 10 8 3

79 8168

36

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.


14 11 6 3

50

79

62

35

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010

FemalesMales


Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010

2 12 411

99

74

76

31

2 20

20

40

60

80

100

120

2007 2008 2009 2010

WomenMen

Girls

Boys


Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010


284

Baby selling, 9

Forced labour, 11


Victims trafficked to Azerbaijan are nationals from other Eastern European and Central Asian countries. Source: Department on Struggle Against Human Trafficking, Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Additional information Azerbaijan’s second National Action Plan on Struggle against Human Trafficking is valid for the period 2009-2013 and is designed for the purpose of providing prevention and detection of human trafficking, determining its reason and implications and of ensuring protection of victims, their rehabilitation and safe repatriation. The second National Action Plan has the following objectives: Identification and prevention of all kinds of human trafficking and discrimination against victims of trafficking in society; ensure the safety and well-being of victims; ensure effective identification of victims and prosecution of traffickers; implement juridical, political, socio-economical and organizational prevention measures; establish a single mutual cooperation system; and develop international cooperation.

− Belarus − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Belarus covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

293

162 154124

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Ministry of Interior.

Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

99 11263 85

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010


Foreigners convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2008-2010 Other Eastern Europe and

Central Asia,10

Russian Federation, 26

Europe and the Middle East, 5


Victims

Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010

39

164

23

356

324

340333

61

22

42

3526

3

1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007 2008 2009 2010

Girls

Boys

Women

Men


Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

378458

369 345

40

133

29143

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007 2008 2009 2010

Organ removal

Forced labour


Victims reported during the period in question are mainly nationals of Belarus trafficked internally and/or abroad. In 2008, three victims from other Eastern Europeans countries were detected. Source: Ministry of Interior. Additional information The state implemented a series of measures aimed at preventing trafficking, ensuring the effective prosecution of traffickers, assisting victims of trafficking and strengthening international cooperation in this area. In particular, the Criminal Code includes six offenses that criminalize trafficking in persons and related offenses. The new law against trafficking in persons of 2012 determines the organizational and legal basis for anti-trafficking work and sets forth measures for protecting and rehabilitating victims of trafficking, including the resources for their implementation. Moreover, in order to prevent trafficking, the Belarusian Government closely monitors the activities of marriage, model, and travel agencies, as well as business entities engaged in activities to promote employment abroad for Belarusian citizens. The Ministry of the Interior of Belarus has created a specialized department for drug control and the prevention of human trafficking. More than 15 ministries and departments, the mass media and international and non-governmental organizations have been involved in anti-human trafficking activities.

Currently, the State Programme to Combat Trafficking in Persons, Illegal Migration and Related Illicit Activities for the period 2011-2013 is being implemented. It focuses on the areas of prevention, prosecution and victim support. As far as the rehabilitation and social integration of victims are concerned, the national legislation foresees the provision of a safe shelter, legal assistance, medical care, psychological assistance, assistance in finding permanent employment and compensation for the damage caused by the crime. One key aspect of the programme is to foster intensified international cooperation against the phenomenon. This includes Belarus playing an active role in the fight against human trafficking in the UN General Assembly. At its sixty-first and sixty-third sessions, the UN General Assembly adopted two comprehensive resolutions on trafficking in persons that had been tabled by Belarus, and paved the way for the adoption of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons in 2010. The Global Plan of Action aims to foster cooperation and coordination among all relevant stakeholders, including Member States and international organizations, to combat trafficking in persons. In 2010, at the proposal of Belarus, the Group of Friends United against Human Trafficking was established in the United Nations. The Group of Friends currently comprises 21 States and its efforts are focused on achieving full implementation of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. With the support of the International Organization for Migration, an international centre for training in the area of migration and the combating of human trafficking was opened in Minsk, offering training for representatives from Eastern European and Middle Eastern countries.

− Belgium − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Belgium covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Cases of trafficking in persons recorded by the Police, 2006 – early 2010

84

453367 371

830

50100150200

250300350400450500

2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-March2010

Source: Statistique Policiers de Criminalité.

Cases of trafficking in persons recorded by the Police, by form of exploitation,

2006 – early 2010

Begging, 36

To commit crimes, 34


434

Forced labour, 787

Organ trafficking, 2

Child pornography, 65


Cases of trafficking in persons recorded by the Police, by form of exploitation, 2006 – March 2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

Others 5 19 24 21 3

Child Pornography 3 21 17 20 4

Forced labour 50 290 204 200 43

Sexual exploitation 26 123 122 130 33

2006 2007 2008 2009Jan-Mar

2010


Victims

Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by PAG-ASA (an NGO), by age, 2007-2009

7263

47

2

2

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2008 2009

Children

Adults

Source: PAG-ASA Jaaverslag 2010.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by PAG-ASA (an NGO), by gender, 2007-2009

3526 24

39

2926

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2008 2009

Females

Males


Number of victims of trafficking in persons assisted by PAG-ASA (an NGO), by region of origin, 2007-2009

West and Central Africa, 19

East Africa, 4

East Asia, 25

Eastern Europe and Central Asia,

7

South America, 27

Others, 22Western and

Central Europe, 41

North Africa and the Middle East,

46


− Bosnia and Herzegovina − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol.

Investigations and suspects

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2009-2010

20

12

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2009 2010

FemalesMalesTotal

According to the national authorities, 53 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in the year 2008.

Source: Ministry of Security BIH – Section for Fighting Against Trafficking in Human Beings.

Victims Number of victims detected, by age and gender, 2007-2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Adults 23 5

Children 18 28

Women 41 3

Girls 23 18

Boys 4 2

Men 1 2

2007 2008 2009 2010


Number of victims detected, by form of exploitation, 2010

Sexual Exploitation, 8

Begging, 17


Number of victims detected, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Others, 2

Others - South-Eastern Europe7

Eastern Europe, 6

Serbia, 12

Bosnia and Herzegovina, 140


Additional Information In 2003, the Council of Ministers established the function of the State Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Illegal Migration and appointed an inter-ministerial group in charge of coordination of anti-trafficking activities. The first Action Plan for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings was adopted in 2001 and mainly aimed at the creation of an adequate legislative framework and building of institutional capacities. The Second National Action Plan served for the period 2005-2007 and introduced a whole range of goals in the areas of supporting framework, prosecution of human traffickers, protection of victims and witnesses, prevention and international cooperation. The Third National Action Plan for 2008-2012 is based on an assessment of the first two plans. The new Action Plan is based on a set of guiding principles for all the competent government structures, but also for civil society, which are: principle of human rights; participation and responsibility of authorities to create conditions where all individuals will be able to realise their human rights; interdisciplinary and multisectoral approach; principle of non-discrimination; principle of inclusion of civil society; principle of sustainability and international and regional cooperation.

− Bulgaria − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Bulgaria covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


107 107131 134

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.


8569

10897

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2007 2008 2009 2010


The authorities report that all persons convicted are Bulgarian nationals. Source: Supreme Cassation Prosecutor’s Office.

Victims

Number of victims of trafficking detected, by age and gender, 2007-2010

53 38 44 6712 10 31

35

223202

220

3272

3

0

100

200

300

400

500

Boys 2 3

Women 223 202 220 327

Men 12 10 31 35

Girls 53 38 44 67

2007 2008 2009 2010


Number of victims of trafficking detected, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

Servitude, 19

Baby selling, 6

Removal of organs, 6

Forced labour,165

Sexual exploitation, 842


Additional information Bulgaria’s National Action Plan against Human Trafficking is developed by the National Commission for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (NCCTHB). It places a strong emphasis on local policies to combat human trafficking, advancement of the work of the established local commissions and expansion of the prevention activities among adolescents, their parents and teachers, ethnic minorities and at border check points. The main goals of the National Action Plan are the following: building the mechanisms for institutional support and developing the administrative structures for combating human trafficking; improving awareness of the public and the population at risk, development of mechanisms for its confinement and creation of public intolerance towards this phenomenon; increasing the capacity of staff, structures and members of the NCCTHB; overcoming the consequences of human trafficking and reintegration of victims in the society by providing assistance, support and protection; development of international cooperation by sharing of good practices in the field of prevention and counteraction of human trafficking, presentation of Bulgarian legislation and building of bilateral and multilateral partnerships; contemporising the legislative measures in order to improve the effective counteraction of trafficking in human beings in Bulgaria in the context of the European policy for combating this crime.

− Croatia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Croatia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


1

9

5

9

20

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: State Attorney’s Office.

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011

0

12

53

0

1

2

5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Total

Females

Males

Source: State Attorney’s Office, Office for Human Rights.

The persons convicted in 2009 and 2010 are Croatian nationals, with the exception of one Serbian convicted in 2009. Source: State Attorney Office, Office for Human Rights. Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2011

12

4 5 4

9

2

3 2

1

1

1

1

2

4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

GirlsMenWomen

Source: Ministry of Interior, Office for Human Rights.

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons,

by form of exploitation, 2007-2011

Others, 6


33

Forced labour, 11




Serbia, 8

Bosnia and Herzegovina, 6

Croatia (repatriated), 8

Croatia (internal trafficking), 26

Others - South-eastern Europe, 1


The authorities reported that the Croatian victims who were trafficked abroad and repatriated were exploited in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.

Source: Ministry of Interior Additional information Croatia has had several national strategic plans since the establishment of the national system of suppression of trafficking in human beings in 2004, including the National Programme for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings 2005-2008 and the Operational Plans for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings for the years 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. In February 2012, the Government of Croatia adopted a new National Plan for the period 2012-2015 aimed at the suppression of Trafficking in Persons. In particular, the current Plan has among its goals to strengthen activities to identify victims of trafficking.

− Cyprus − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Cyprus covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2011

79 7960

4326

2639

30

21

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males

Source: Office of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings - Cyprus Police.


5

23

1

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011

Eastern Europe, 1

Cyprus, 11


Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2007-2011

52 56

27

4534

286

5

52

1

2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Girls

Men

Women


Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011


164Forced labour,

121

Others, 24




Romania, 119

Philippines, 29

Dominican Republic, 20

Others Western and Central Europe, 24

Others Eastern Europe and Central

Asia, 37

Others, 19Others Middle East and North Africa,

15

Viet Nam, 22

Rep. of Moldova, 24


− Czech Republic− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Czech Republic covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


15 14

27 27

5 8

58

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Ministry of the Interior.


10

3 2 1

1 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

FemalesMalesTotal


Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age, 2007-2010

31

115

40692

4

2

7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010

ChildrenAdults


Victims in the Programme on support and protection of victims of trafficking,

by forms of exploitation (2007-2010)


32

Forced labour, 30


Victims in the Programme on support and protection of victims of trafficking,


Others, 9

Ukraine, 18

Czech Rep., 15

Others - Europe, 11


Additional information A National Action Plan is in place for the period 2008 to 2011. The Plan focuses on these four areas: a) coordination of activities and collection of data relating to trafficking in human beings; b) draft amendments to acts and related legal provisions; c) approach towards a solution to exploitation of prostitution; and d) to define a framework strategy to prevent trafficking in human beings.

− Denmark− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Denmark covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons against whom charges have been pressed for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

1410

19

8

8 15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Danish National Police.

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons,

by gender, 2007-2010

28 7

2

5

2 4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


Number of persons convicted for

trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010

West Africa, 2

Other Western and Central Europe, 19

Others, 6

Denmark, 3


Victims

Number of detected victims of

trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010

17

28

45

29

19

13

1

1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2007 2008 2009 2010

Girls

Men

Adults (unspecifiedgender)Women

Source: Danish Centre against Human Trafficking (CNM) and the Danish Immigration Service (US).

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2010

Forced labour, 2Sexual

exploitation, 73

Information about exploitation of the victims was systematically registered since 2010. For the years 2008 and 2009, some information is missing.

Source: Danish Centre against Human Trafficking (CNM) and the Danish Immigration Service (US).



Nigeria, 58

Others Africa, 17

Brazil, 9

Thailand, 18

Others, 6

Latvia, 6

Romania, 10

Others Europe, 15

Source: Danish Centre against Human Trafficking (CNM).

− Estonia − In March 2012, Estonia introduced the specific offence of trafficking in persons covering all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Before the introduction of the specific offence, different offences were used to prosecute cases of trafficking in persons, including the offences of enslaving, hostage taking, illegal removal of organs, pimping, child stealing and others. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for offences related to trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

135 144 200

155

020406080

100120140160180200

2007 2008 2009 2010


Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

78 7844 46

23

9 12

3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


The citizenship of those convicted under the criminal offences used to prosecute trafficking in persons during this period was either Estonian, from other Baltic countries or from Eastern Europe. Some of those convicted did not have a registered citizenship. Source: Ministry of Justice. Victims

Number of victims of trafficking assisted by different local NGOs

55

78

57

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2008 2009 2010


Additional information

The Estonian authorities established a national developmental plan for reducing violence for the years 2010-2014; combating trafficking in persons is one of the objectives of the plan. The Plan includes activities aimed at the prevention of trafficking by providing information on trafficking in human beings to the general public and risk groups (especially young people and girls). It also includes activities aimed at preventing and identifying exploitation of the labour force, supporting victims of trafficking in human beings, increasing the efficiency of investigation of cases of trafficking in human beings and establishing and developing networks of cooperation.

− Finland− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Finland covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


2

5

1

2

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2007 2008 2009

Females

Males

Source: Case management system of the prosecution service.


4

2

1

3

2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2007 2008 2009

Females

Males


Victims

Number of victims of trafficking assisted by the Oulu and Joutseno centers (NGOs), by age and gender, 2007-2010

1 13 36

4

137 13

31

2 11

05

10152025303540455055

WomenMenGirlsBoys

Women 1 7 13 31

Men 1 6 4 13

Girls 2 3 3

Boys 1 1

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: The national referral system – Joutseno and Oulu Reception centers.

Number of victims of trafficking assisted by the Oulu and Joutseno centers (NGOs), by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

Others, 10


33

Forced labour, 42


Number of victims of trafficking assisted by

the Oulu and Joutseno centers (NGOs), by citizenship, 2007-2010

India, 10

Other South Asia, 7

Thailand, 6China, 13

Nigeria, 8

Somalia, 12

Other Africa, 6

Others, 3Western and

Central Europe, 5

Eastern Europe,12


Additional information

Finland carries out anti-trafficking measures under the national legislation and the Revised National Plan of Action against Trafficking in Human Beings adopted in 2008. Finland has started to draft revised legislation on human trafficking in two parallel projects. The Ministry of Justice is responsible for proposals concerning the Penal Code. The legislation project of the Ministry of the Interior will draw up a proposal for revised provisions on the National Assistance System for Victims of Trafficking, identification of victims, and exchange of information between authorities and other actors participating in victim assistance. The aim is to submit the proposal to the Parliament during the autumn session of 2013.

− France − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in France covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

532 528 506 484

206 195174 180

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Casier Judiciaire National.

Number of persons convicted of offences related to trafficking in persons,


French, 1364Foreigners, 1441


Victims Number of detected victims of sexual exploitation, by age and gender, 2008 - 2010

788 723 672

5611

14

2023

40

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2008 2009 2010

Children

Men

Women


Number of detected victims of sexual exploitation, by citizenship, 2008 - 2010

France, 675

Bulgaria, 210

Romania, 337

Nigeria, 172

China, 146

Brazil, 136

Algeria, 98

Cameroon, 80

Morocco, 80

Others - Africa, 42

Others, 80


− Georgia− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Georgia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of criminal proceedings for trafficking in persons, January 2009 – September 2010

11

9

3

2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Jan-September 2009 Jan-September 2010

Cases registered

Cases opened

Source: Police.

− Germany − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Germany covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. The German legislation has three articles of the criminal code to prosecute trafficking in persons (Art. 232 for trafficking for sexual exploitation, Art. 233 for exploitation of the workforce and Art. 233a for trafficking for forced labour). Investigations and suspects

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by article of the criminal code and by gender, 2007-2010

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Male - (art.232) 94 112 108 84

Female - (art.232) 29 26 27 31

Male - (art. 233) 6 14 7 12

Female - (art.233) 2 2 3 1

Male - (art.233a) 1 1 2 2

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Prosecution Statistics.


7088

69 60

63

6779

71

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2007 2008 2009 2010

Foreigners

German

Source: Prosecution Statistics.

Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Unknown/Unrecorded 23 12 23 11

Men 17 15 33 34

Women 568 496 528 512

Girls 74 110 76 81

Boys 7 59 73 13

2007 2008 2009 2010

Sources: Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office), Bundeslagebild Menschenhandel 2007-2010.

Number of detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

689 676 710610

41

2316

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2007 2008 2009 2010

Forced labour

Sexual exploitation

Source: Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office), Bundeslagebild Menschenhandel 2007-2010.

Number of detected victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2007-2010

German, 676

Romanian, 478

Bulgarian, 459

Polish, 156

Czech, 101

Hungarian, 141

Nigerian, 124

Others, 630

Source: Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office), Bundeslagebild Menschenhandel 2007-2010.

Additional information During the years covered by this Report, the German authorities have developed National Action Plans to Combat Violence Against Women, and for the Protection of Children and Young Persons from Sexual Violence and Exploitation.

− Greece − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Greece covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol, by using two articles of the Criminal Code (Art. 351 - trafficking for exploitation purposes, and Art. 323a – trafficking in human beings). Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in person, by age and gender, 2007-2010

83112

179 16338

49

57 83

1

4

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007 2008 2009 2010

BoysWomenMen

Source: Hellenic police.

Number of convictions according to the article of the criminal code used, 2008-2010

19 1632

6 1 50

50

100

150

200

250

Article 351

Article 323a


Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010

64 61

8766

31

8

21

9

4

7

13

17

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010

ChildrenMenWomen


Number of cases of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

2937

5246

112

14

7

1

1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2007 2008 2009 2010

Other

Forced Labour

Sexual Exploitation


Number of detected victims of trafficking, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Bulgaria, 109

Romania,134

Russian Federation, 62

Rep.of Moldova, 5

Greece (domestic trafficking), 2

Albania, 17

Lithuania, 9

Nigeria, 27

Others, 18

Slovakia, 6


− Hungary − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Hungary covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


15 15 14 13

5 2 21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons,

by gender, 2008-2010

28

1814

6

4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Prosecution Service.

The persons convicted were all Hungarian nationals. Source: Uniform Register of Investigation and Prosecution Services’ Statistics.

Victims Number of victims of trafficking, by age and gender, 2007-2010

63 41

22

6 5

6

10

5

10

15

20

25

30

2007 2008 2009 2010

Women

Men

Girls


Number of victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

Others, 15


37

Forced labour, 3


Most of the victims were Hungarians repatriated from other countries. Two Hungarians were victims of internal trafficking in 2010. Three victims were trafficked into Hungary from South-East Europe.


Additional information The First National Action Plan against human trafficking was elaborated in June 2005. On the base of the results of this first plan, a Second National Action Plan was adopted for the period 2008-2012.

The aims of the revised National Action Plan are the following: develop victim-oriented approach and improve the efficiency of actions; develop victim support; develop a prevention system; develop a coordinating mechanism; improve the efficiency of law enforcement and justice bodies; develop an information database; and develop a tuition and training system. The priorities identified by the national authorities in combating trafficking are: respecting the special needs of the endangered group of victims, especially minors or young adults; encouraging regional co-operation; and efficient, punctual, transparent and accountable use of financial resources.

− Ireland − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Ireland covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of investigations on trafficking in persons, 2009-2010

6669

50

55

60

65

70

2009 2010

Source: Anti-Human Trafficking Unit.


6 410

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2009 2010

Women

Men

Total



1 40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2009 2010

In 2010, 5 convictions were recorded, however, one of these was already sentenced in 2009. The persons convicted during the reporting period were all adult men.


Victims

Number of victims detected by the police, by age, 2009-2010

4959

17

19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2009 2010

Children

Adults


Number of victims detected by the police, by citizenship, 2009-2010

Africa, 87Asia, 12

Caucasus, 1Ireland, 6Non-EU Europe, 4

EU, 23


Number of victims detected by the police, by form of exploitation, 2009-2010

Forced labour, 19

Uncategorized exploitation, 3



Number of victims assisted by RUHAMA (NGO), by citizenship, 2009

Nigeria, 12

Romania, 4

Other Africa, 6

Other Europe, 4

Source: RUHAMA.

Number of victims assisted by RUHAMA (NGO), by age, 2009

Adults, 25

Children, 1

Source: RUHAMA.

− Italy − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Italy covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons arrested for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

453339

251356

169

200

109

153

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males



344406 454

271

117

144148

91

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: District Prosecutorial Offices.


80 3895 99

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007 2008 2009 2010


Victims

Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system,

by age, 2007-2010

59 36 20 46

656592

361 282

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2007 2008 2009 2010

Adults

Children


Number of victims detected by the local authorities and NGOs,

by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

490398 414 385

51

73136

132

35 521719

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2007 2008 2009 2010

Others

Forced labour

Sexual exploitation

Source: Beyond the Street Project.

Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Others, 186

Italy (domestic trafficking), 176

Bulgaria, 116

Romania, 427

Nigeria, 383

China, 51


− Kazakhstan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Kazakhstan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of cases of trafficking in persons investigated (art128cc), 2005 - July 2010

10

20 21 20 20 18

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-July2010

Source: CTS-Police/Ministry of Interior.

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2009

1821

63

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008 2009

Forced labour

Sexual exploitation

Source: The International Legal Initiative.

− Kyrgyzstan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Kyrgyzstan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of cases investigated for trafficking in persons, 2003 - July 2010

7

21

34 36 34

25

6 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-July2010

Source: CTS-Police/Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, 2004-2008

5 37

16 13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Source: CTS-Courts.

Number of victims detected by the criminal justice system, by form of exploitation, 2008-July2010


17

Forced labour, 14

Selling babies, 10

Source: Ministry of Labour, Employment and Migration.

Victims

Number of Kyrgyz detected victims assisted for repatriation, by gender, 2008-2010

Males , 67

Females, 95


Number of Kyrgyz detected victims assisted for repatriation, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010

Forced labour, 125

Sexual exploitation

, 37


Number of victims the crisis center Sezim, by age and gender, Jan - July 2010

Women, 16

Children, 6


Number of victims the crisis center Sezim, by country of destination, Jan-July2010

Kyrgyzstan (internal

trafficking) , 10

Others, 3

Middle East, 3


− Latvia− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Latvia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons investigated for trafficking in persons, by gender, 2008-2010

6 5

2

3

2

2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of the Interior.


1

8

2

3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Information Centre of the Ministry of the Interior.


1 211

1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Court Information System.

Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2008-2010

11

4

1

7

713

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2008 2009 2010

Women

Girls

Boys

Source: Shelter Safe House.

Number of detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010

Others, 10


16

Forced labour, 5

Source: Shelter Safe House.

− Lithuania − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Lithuania covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by gender

3

15

8

16

7

3

3

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by gender

1

911

8

1

5 2

3

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: The National Courts Administration.

The persons convicted were all Lithuanian nationals. Source: The National Courts Administration.

Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by age and gender, 2007-2010

24 5

1

7

21

9

1

2

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010

Men

Women

Girls


According to the Lithuanian authorities, the majority of the cases concerned trafficking for sexual exploitation and just a few cases where the victims were exploited in forced labour. All the victims but one Latvian identified in 2009 are Lithuanians. The majority of the international trafficking cases dealt with Lithuanian victims trafficked to the United Kingdom. Source: Ministry of Interior.

− Luxembourg − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Luxembourg covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


1

2

4

2

3

4

0

1

2

3

4

5

2008 2009 2010

Number of citizens residentin Luxembourg convictedfor TIP

Number of EU citizens nonresident in Luxembourgconvicted for TIP

Source: Government of Luxembourg.

Victims Luxembourg is a destination country for women trafficked primarily from Ukraine, Brazil, Romania, Bulgaria and Nigeria for commercial sexual exploitation. Thus far, only one case of forced labour has been identified in Luxembourg, in 2010. Source: Government of Luxembourg.

− Malta − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Malta covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


6

3

0 0

4

012

3

456

78

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: Malta Police Statistics Office.

All persons prosecuted were males. During the reporting period no person was convicted of trafficking in persons, as all the cases are sub judice. Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, 2007-2011

7

1

0 0

3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Sexual exploitation

Source: Malta Police Force Statistics.

The victims detected were adult women, and one adult male detected in 2011. Victims were trafficked from South-eastern and Eastern Europe for sexual exploitation.

Additional information The authorities in Malta adopted a National Action Plan for the period October 2011 to October 2012. The purpose of this Action Plan is to consolidate current procedures and initiatives relating to trafficking in persons; identify areas of concern requiring action; enhance accountability in relation to the delivery of actions within the National Action Plan; provide the necessary tools and resources for the development of a holistic strategy in the fight against trafficking in persons; raise awareness among public authorities of the importance of trafficking cases with a view to register greater effectiveness in relation to the prosecution of cases and the identification of victims and to enhance the administrative capacity of Maltese authorities to deal with human trafficking cases.

− Monaco − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Monaco covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects Between 2007 and 2009, six persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons. Just one of them was a woman. During the same period, four persons were convicted and one of them was a woman. The persons convicted are three Europeans and one Middle Eastern national. Source: Parquet General. Victims

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons (all adult women), 2007-2009

4

107

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2007 2008 2009

Source: Parquet General.

Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2009 Others, 1

Africa, 3

Brazil, 7

Europe, 11

Source: Parquet General.

The victims were all trafficked for sexual exploitation. Source: Parquet General.

− Montenegro − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Montenegro covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


7

3

9

4

10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Police Montenegro/CTS-Police.


10

43

10 10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Police Montenegro/CTS-Courts.

Victims


43

0

1

2

3

4

5

2007 2008

Source: CTS-Police.

The detected victims were all adult women.

− Netherlands − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Netherlands covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


232

176

116

176

47

32

25

39

2

6

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010

Unknown orlegal entityFemales

Males

Source: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings).


60 70 55 71

12 813

91 1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010

Unknown gender

Females

Males


Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by country/territory of birth, 2007-2010

Romania, 22

Bulgaria, 24Turkey, 17

Suriname, 18

Hungary, 17

Morocco, 14

Others, 68

Netherlands, 103

Former Netherlands Antilles, 17


Victims

Number of presumed victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2007-2010

33 41131 106

482615

657 73516

5

77

164

104145

3

110

182

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2007 2008 2009 2010

Unknown

Girls

Boys

Women

Men


Number of presumed victims of trafficking in persons, by country of birth, 2007-2010

Nigeria, 399China, 176 Bulgaria, 167

Romania, 185

Sierra Leone, 144

Hungary, 163

Guinea, 96

Others, 969

Dutch (domestic trafficking),

1,145

Source: 2007-2009: BNRM (Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings);

2010: CoMensha.

Number of presumed victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2009

Not exploited yet, 253

Unknown, 715Others, 105

Forced labour/servitude,

148Sexual exploitation,

1241


− Norway − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Norway covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


2216

12

27

4

1 8

11

18 13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

Unrecorded gender

Females

Males

Source: The Norwegian police register for criminal cases.


62 4 3

31 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: National Criminal Investigation Service.

Number of persons convicted for trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2010

Others, 2

Nigeria, 6

Norway, 3

Europe, 9

Source: National Criminal Investigation Service.

Victims

Number of detected victims, by age and gender, 2007-2010

1945

196035

4950

19

139

146 191198

10

16

3242

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010

Men

Women

Girls

Boys

Source: Annual Report 2010, Norwegian National Coordinating Unit for Victims of Trafficking.

Number of detected victims, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010

162 180 198 194

32

7180

112

2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010

Others

Forced labour

Sexualexploitation


Number of detected victims, by citizenship, 2009-2010

Others, 219

Somalia, 21

China, 19

Eritrea, 21

Bulgaria, 18

Lithuania, 37

Romania, 51Nigeria, 225


− Poland − Since September 2010, the offence of trafficking in persons adopted in the Polish criminal code covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for offences related to trafficking in persons, 2006-2008

36

6278

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008

Source: National Prosecutor Office.

Number of persons convicted for offences related to trafficking in persons, by gender, 2006-2008

123 4

2

110

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2006 2007 2008

Females

Males

Source: CTS-Courts.

Number of persons convicted for offences related to trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2006-2008

17

4

Ukraine, 1Rep. of

Moldova, 1

Source: CTS-Courts.

Number of closed cases for offences related to trafficking in persons, 2006-2008

26

48 53

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2006 2007 2008

Source: National Prosecutor Office.

Victims In 2008, the authorities reported to have identified 62 victims of trafficking in persons. Out of the 19 victims that were detected during the first six months of 2009, 13 were adults and 6 children. Source: CTS-Police.

− Portugal − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Portugal covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


4

7

3

3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2007 2008 2009

Femalesprosecuted

Malesprosecuted

Total personsprosecuted

Source: Directorate-General for Justice Policy/ Ministry of Justice.

Three persons were convicted of trafficking in persons in 2008, and five persons were convicted in 2009. Out of these eight people, three were Portuguese citizens and five were Romanians.

Source: Directorate-General for Justice Policy/ Ministry of Justice.

Victims Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender and age, 2008-2010

22

15

7

15

213

4

1

1

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2008 2009 2010

Boys

Girls

Men

Women

Source: Observatory on Trafficking in Human Beings (OTSH)/Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation,

2008-2010

712

6

192 12

1

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2008 2009 2010

Adoption

Forced labour

Sexualexploitation


Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2008-2010

Others, 3

Romania, 17

Portugal, 20

Brazil, 23

Mozambique,16


Additional information A National Action Plan is in place in Portugal for the period 2011-2013. Portugal’s National Action Plan comprises of 45 measures in four strategic intervention areas: Knowledge, awareness-raising and prevention; 16 measures, 5 under the section knowledge, 6 under awareness-raising and 5 under prevention. Education and training; 13 operational measures subdivided into two sections, education with 6 measures, and training, with 7. Protection and support; 8 operational measures, protection listing 3 measures and support with 5. Criminal investigation and cooperation; 8 operational measures, 3 outlined under criminal investigation and 5 in cooperation. Among other activities, the 45 measures include: to elaborate annual awareness-raising campaigns, to promote the integration of disciplinary modules on human trafficking in academic informative contents, to incorporate the theme of human trafficking in the project area of secondary education, to promote the training of judges in the field of human trafficking, to promote the training of health professionals and security forces which provide support to victims of trafficking for labour or sexual exploitation, to promote the funding of projects supporting the protection and assistance of victims and implement mechanisms providing legal advice to victims of human trafficking. The measures allow to strengthen the knowledge about the phenomenon, privilege pedagogical action with different actors linked to it, by enabling concrete and adjusted actions aimed at protecting and assisting the victims and penalizing the agents involved in human trafficking. The Plan is coordinated by the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality as the entity responsible for citizenship, promotion and defense of gender equality.

− Republic of Moldova − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Republic of Moldova covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Two different offences are used to criminalize human trafficking: Art. 165 of the criminal code (trafficking in human beings) and Art. 206 (trafficking in children). Investigations and suspects

Number of persons prosecuted for trafficking in persons, by offence, 2007-2011

251

215

185

140

111

4731

21 21 23

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Trafficking in human beings

Trafficking in children

Source: Ministry of Interior, Centre for Combating Trafficking in Persons (CCTP).

Number of persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by offence, 2007-2011

5263 64

48

187 5 4 5 2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Trafficking in human beings

Trafficking in children


Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons by age and gender, 2007-2011

47 37 18 27 23

4028

1837 28

211206

146 105103

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Adult Women

Adult Men

Children


Number of cases of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011

Removal of organs, 9

Other, 5Begging, 32

Forced labour, 221Sexual

exploitation, 759


Moldovan victims of trafficking, by country of destination, 2009-2010

Middle East, 30

Eastern Europe and Central

Asia, 74

East Asia, 2

Western and Central Europe,

165 Moldova (domestic

trafficking),31


Victims of trafficking in persons officially returned from other countries, 2007-2011

273

158 159 13998

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


− Romania − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Romania covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


238205

86

429 41557

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2007 2008 2009 2010

Total

Females

Males

Source: Directorate for the Investigation of Organized Crime and Terrorism related offences.


139 139 141 147218

49 52 42 56

4018

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Unknown

Females

Males

Source: Directorate for the Investigation of Organized Crime and Terrorism related offences.

Victims


37 23 32 37 30225 163 144

270 289

706

451276

380 375

783

603

328

467 354

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Men

Women

Girls

Boys

Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons.


724386 320

482 506

877

716

314

503 408144

169135

109

180

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Others

Forced labour

Sexual exploitation

Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons. Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by type of trafficking, 2007-2010

1573

1065

634847

207

175

146

307

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2007 2008 2009 2010

Domestically Trafficked

Repatriated

Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons. Among the victims reportedly trafficked in Romania, most are Romanian nationals with a few other Europeans and Latin Americans. The Romanians trafficked abroad were repatriated from countries in Western and Central Europe.

Source: National Agency against Trafficking in Persons.

− Russian Federation− The specific offence of trafficking in persons in the Russian Federation (art.127.1 Criminal Code) covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. In addition, the authorities prosecute trafficking in persons by use of other articles of the criminal code, such as coercion to organ or tissue removal for the purpose of transplantation (art.120 Criminal Code), slave labour (art.127.2 Criminal Code), the organization of prostitution (art.241 Criminal Code), illegal crossing of state boarder (art.322 Criminal Code) and others. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons investigated for trafficking in persons, 2007-2010

5567

86

53

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010


The authorities report that individuals prosecuted for trafficking in persons tend to be young or young adults (up to 40 years of age), without previous convictions. The main objective of committing human trafficking is to generate profits. About 60 per cent of the persons convicted are men, and 40 per cent are women.

In 2010, criminal proceedings for offenses related to human trafficking and slavery, including labor and sexual exploitation, involved 46 persons. About 78% of the suspects were Russian citizens, 12% were foreign citizens and 7% were stateless persons. In 2011, under art.127.1 of the Criminal Code, the law enforcement authorities registered 50 trafficking offenses involving 17 suspects. During the first 9 months of 2012 the authorities registered 50 trafficking offenses involving 45 suspects.

Source: Ministry of the Interior. Victims


57

82

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2008 2009 2010

Among the 100 victims detected in 2010, 90 were females and 10 were minors. Nationals of the Russian Federation comprised 93% of the victims detected that year, while foreign citizens and stateless persons accounted for 7%.

Source: Ministry of the Interior. The authorities report that three main types of human trafficking occur in the Russian Federation. The first type involves the exploitation of prostitution, and it is often inter-regional or international. The second type is trafficking in children which often involves the parents of the victim living in a dysfunctional family. The third type is trafficking for labor exploitation.

As to the international trafficking, the authorities indicate that four main international trafficking routes can be identified in the Russian Federation:

1) The Central European route to Greece and Cyprus; in 2010, the authorities dismantled an international trafficking network recruiting women from the Russian far east, transporting them across Central Europe to be sexually exploited in Greece.

2) The route to the Middle East (The Gulf countries of the Middle East, Egypt and Israel).

3) The route to South Asia and China, in particular the Sino-Siberian and Sino-coastal routes; in 2011, Russian authorities detected victims (girls) trafficked along these routes from Khakassia to China.

4) The Mediterranean route; in 2010, Russian authorities dismantled two international trafficking groups engaged in trafficking of young women for sexual exploitation in Malta and Spain. Other more recent investigations refer to several hundreds victims exploited in Turkey, Israel, Italy, Spain, Greece and Northern Cyprus.

Source: Ministry of the Interior. Additional information The Russian Federation is party to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted in Palermo on 12 December 2000, and the Protocols thereto: the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children; and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. Under the Action Plan of the Government of the Russian Federation in 2012, signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, and the Convention for the Protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.

Furthermore, the 2011-2013 Programme of Cooperation between Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States against Trafficking in Persons, which includes organizational, legal and practical joint measures aimed at combating trafficking in persons and assisting victims of such crime, was approved in December 2010. In the field of international police co-operation, the Russian authorities use extensively the permanent working groups on specific criminal issues, trafficking in persons being one of the priority matters. This cooperation results in more rapid flows of information concerning each investigated case. Furthermore, the liaison officers at embassies in Moscow and abroad facilitate the exchange of information and coordination between national and foreign law enforcement agencies.

In 2004 federal law “State Protection of Victims, Witnesses and other Participants of Criminal Proceedings” was adopted. This law established the State Program for the Security of Victims, Witnesses and other Participants of Criminal Proceedings. A draft of new federal law “Victims of Crimes” is under discussion. In 2012, a department for psychological help to victims was created under the Serbskiy State Scientific Center of Social and Forensic Psychiatry. Source: Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation.

− Serbia −

The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Serbia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Persons suspected of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2007-2010

76

23

56 62 73

18

2119

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males



61 5673 76

42

13 18

21 23

10

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males

. Source: Ministry of Justice


12 722 1847 3 39

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Total

Females

Males


Victims

Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by gender and age, 2007-2011

169 15

5 6

1919

33

2717

464

1 16

15

33

43 35

20

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Women

Men

Girls

Boys




Forced labour, 36

Begging, 33

Forced marriage, 14

Petty crimes, 12


Detected victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2011

Serbia, 334

Other Balkans, 36

Eastern Europe, 4

Others, 5


− Slovakia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Slovakia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


14

9

53

2

3

12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime.


59 9

4

1

1 1

2

02468

101214161820

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


The persons convicted were all Slovak nationals, with the exception of one person from the Czech Republic who was convicted in 2009. Source: Bureau of Combating Organised Crime. Victims


9

1517

15

10

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008 2009 2010

Unknown age/gender

Girls

Women

Men



17 17

9

7

15

1 2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2008 2009 2010

Begging

Forced labour

Sexual exploitation


Victims trafficked internationally, by country of destination, July 2008 – 2010

Germany, 4

Other Western Europe, 10

United Kingdom, 8


All victims registered are nationals of Slovakia, some of them trafficked abroad and some exploited domestically. Source: National Program on the fight against human trafficking for the years 2011-2014.

Additional information The National Action Plan for 2011-2014 is divided into four chapters, covering the areas of supporting framework, prevention, victim protection and criminal proceedings. Each strategic aim is divided into specific activities, with responsible entities for implementation, deadlines for implementation, allocated resources and performance indicators. The supporting framework contains activities on coordinating the institutions together with the legislative framework on knowledge based oriented approach. The prevention activities include activities on public awareness and education, reducing the vulnerability of population at risk and to discourage traffickers. The victims protection activities includes activities on identification and recovery of the victims, protection of witnesses and reintegration of the victims into the country of origin. The criminal proceeding includes activities about improving detection and investigation on trafficking cases, improving international cooperation with law enforcement agencies abroad, and ensuring adequate and non-discriminatory treatment of victims on the part of all participants of criminal cases.

− Slovenia− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Slovenia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of criminal offences relating to trafficking in persons, 2007-2009

15

36

13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009

Source: Report on the work of the inter-ministerial working group on fight against trafficking in

human beings (IWG) in 2009.

Number of criminal offences relating to trafficking in persons dealt with by the public prosecutors’ offices, 2007-2009

2 48

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2007 2008 2009



Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons identified by police, by age, 2007-2009

9

65

28

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2008 2009

Children

Adults

Total



Victims assisted by CARITAS Slovenia and Association Kljuc, 2008-2009

6

23

5

1

10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2008 2009

Men

Women

Children



Victims assisted by CARITAS Slovenia and Association Kljuc, by citizenship, 2008-2009

Slovenia, 12

Ukraine, 9

Others West and Central Europe, 6

Unknown, 3

Others, 3



− Spain − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Spain covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Persons indicted for trafficking in persons and related offences, 2008-2010

86147

202

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2008 2009 2010

Source: Ministerio Fiscal.

Persons indicted for trafficking in persons and related offences, by country of

citizenship, 2008-2010

Spain, 182

Brazil, 18

Romania, 53

Paraguay, 7


Persons investigated for trafficking in persons and related offences by law enforcement authorities, by gender, 2009-2010

293377

21

301

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado (Cuerpo Nacional de Policia y Guardia Civil).

Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons recorded by prosecutor, by age, 2008-2010

10 7

176 176

249

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2008 2009 2010

Adults

Children


Victims of trafficking in persons indentified by law enforcement authorities,

by age and gender, 2009-2010

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Women 419 1461

Men 20 131

Girls 4 11

Boys 2

2009 2010

Source: Cuerpo Nacional de Policía y Guardia Civil

Victims of trafficking in persons recorded by prosecutor, by form of exploitation, 2008-2010

103 104

169

73 82

88

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2008 2009 2010

Forced labour

Sexual exploitation


Number of victims of trafficking in persons recorded by law enforcement authorities,

by country of citizenship, 2008-2010

Spain, 132

Romania, 452

Russian Fed., 96Nigeria, 90

Colombia, 122

China, 123

Paraguay, 158

Dominican Rep. , 147

Others, 327

Brazil, 364

Source: Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado (Cuerpo Nacional de Policia y Guardia Civil).

Additional information The National Action Plan 2009-2012 is Spain’s first integral instrument for combating trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation. The plan has a duration of 3 years (2009-2012), which is the estimated time for successfully establishing and implementing measures against trafficking in persons. For monitoring purposes, an Inter-ministry coordination group will be created, holding the functions of continuous monitoring and evaluation and especially, of creating an annual report on the situation of trafficking in persons in Spain. The National Action Plan includes five parts: sensitization, prevention and investigation, education victim protection and support, legislation and prosecution, coordination and cooperation. For each of the Parts of the National Action Plan, there are clearly distinguished objectives, actions to reach those and responsibilities.

− Sweden− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Sweden covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


35

10

16

2

6

2

02468

101214161820

2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males

Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention.


2 1

52

3

3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Females

Males



Unknown, 5

Eastern European,

3

Central European,

4

Swedish, 1

African, 3

Source: National database for official crime statistics.

The authorities report that the figure above refers to all forms of trafficking in persons, including accessory offences. Source: The Swedish National Council of Crime Prevention. Victims


1128

45

8016

29

29

73

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2008 2009 2010 2011

Unknown

Children

Adults


Victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2008-2011

1427 26

437

17

48

66

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2008 2009 2010 2011

Other forms ofexploitation

Sexualexploitation


Additional information Sweden’s Action Plan against Prostitution and Human Trafficking for Sexual Purposes was adopted for the period 2008-2010. The plan included activities to achieve greater support and protection for people at risk, better knowledge and increased awareness, higher standards and greater efficiency in the justice system, increased national and international cooperation and a stronger emphasis on preventive work.

− Switzerland− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Switzerland covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


3743

1613

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Police Crime Statistics.


5 6 63 2 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2007 2008 2009

Females

Males


Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2007-2009

Swiss, 4

Europeans, 20

Others, 1


Victims


23 74

6

24

33

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2009 2010

Women

Men

Girls

Boys


Number of victims of trafficking in persons, by citizenship, 2009-2010

Others, 6

South Asia, 6

Latin America, 8

Others - Europe13

Slovakia, 6

Hungary, 40


− Tajikistan − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Tajikistan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


15 14 14

30

23

14 11

43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males



102 1 4

21

12 1625

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males


Victims


7 4 5 5

10

6 411

10

85

22

12

7

5

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2007 2008 2009 2010

Women

Men

Girls

Boys


Number of detected victims of trafficking in persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2010


28

Forced labour, 27


The victims reported were mostly nationals of Tajikistan trafficked internally or abroad. Just one victim was trafficked into Tajikistan from Central Asia during the reporting period. When trafficked abroad, victims were repatriated from the Middle East, and in a few cases from Europe. Source: Ministry of Interior. Additional information In July 2010, the Government of Tajikistan adopted the “Action Plan on Strengthening Fight against Trafficking in Persons in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2010-2011”. The Tajik Government pays special attention to combating labor exploitation, including eliminating the forced labour of children. During 2010, weekly meetings with students and scholars used to be held at higher schools and professional educational institutions to upgrade the level of legal culture of students and preventing them from being engaged in field works. In 2010, workshops on ways to prevent trafficking in persons and raising awareness among women have been held for rural women in the Vahdat and Varzob districts. Two centers in Dushanbe and Khujand were built with financial support from IOM. Another center named “Girls protection agency” was established in Dushanbe for girls, who were victimized through violence, exploitation and trafficking in persons crimes. In June 2010 a State center for rehabilitation and protection of children rights was established in the Sugd region. The staff development of authorities is also in focus. In cooperation with IOM and OSCE, in 2010, about 32 trainings for the staff of prosecutor’s offices, law enforcement agencies were conducted.

− The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Number of persons indicted for trafficking in persons, 2010 – November 2011

56

1234567

2010 Jan-Nov2011

Source: The government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

According to the authorities, the persons charged are all local citizens. Source: The government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Victims

Number of detected victims, by form of exploitation, 2010 - November 2011

Mixed, 2

Sexual exploitation

, 6

Forced labour, 3

Source: The government of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

According to the authorities, victims were minors and adults from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and in one case from Albania. Source: The government of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

− Turkey − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Turkey covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects Number of persons prosecuted for Trafficking in Persons, by Gender, 2007-2011

243

183230

71 82

65

70

37

71

25

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

females

males

Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police Number of persons convicted for Trafficking in Persons, 2007-2011

175159

222

4768

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police

Victims Number of victims of Trafficking in Persons, by age and gender, 2007-2011

8 121 2 5

6 22

134

106

99

56

77

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

AdultWomenAdult Men

Children

Source: Ministry of Interior, Turkish National Police Number of victims of Trafficking in Persons, by form of exploitation, 2007-2011


486

Forced labour, 24


Number of victims of Trafficking in Persons, by country of citizenship, 2007-2011

Moldavia, 87

Russia, 41

Kyrgyzstan, 55

Turkmenistan, 94Georgia, 33

Uzbekistan, 96

Ukraine, 24

Azerbaijan, 48

Other Europe and Central Asia, 17

Others, 8


− Ukraine− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Ukraine covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects

Cases of trafficking in persons investigated, 2006 – January-September 2010

376 359322

279250

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan-Sept 2010

Source: CTS-Police and Counter-Trafficking Department of Ministry of Interior.


40 4522

46 55

37

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2006 2007 2008

Females

Males

Source: CTS-Courts.

Number of persons convicted at first instance, by citizenship, 2006-2008

Foreigners, 21

Ukrainians, 223

Source: CTS-Courts.

Victims

Victims of trafficking in persons, by age, 2006-2008

341311 305

5255

37

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2006 2007 2008

Children

Adults

Source: CTS-Police.

Victims of trafficking in persons, by gender, 2006-2008

61104 97

332 262245

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2006 2007 2008

Females

Males

Source: CTS-Police.

Victims assisted by IOM Ukraine trafficked abroad for exploitation in Ukraine, by nationality, 2008-2010

Others Eastern Europe and

Central Asia, 7

Central and Western

Europe, 3

Others, 4

Uzbekistan, 11

Source: IOM.

Victims assisted by IOM Ukraine, by forms of exploitation, 2007-Jan-Sept 2010

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Other 0 3 0 6

Begging 4 14 16 34

Mixed 33 7 23 25

Forced labour 500 404 337 442

Sexual exploitation 581 392 397 320

2007 2008 2009 Jan-Sept2010

Source: IOM.

Victims assisted by IOM Ukraine, by destination, 2007-Jan-Sept 2010

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Others 2 4 4 12

North Africa and Middle East 104 27 27 23

Western and Central Europe 610 405 320 279

Eastern Europe and Central Asia 405 384 422 513

2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: IOM.

− United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland − The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the United Kingdom covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects


18

44

13

23

9

17

347

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Justice Statistics Analytical Services – Ministry of Justice.


2016 18

13

3 8 7

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2007 2008 2009 2010

Females

Males

Source: Justice Statistics Analytical Services – Ministry of Justice.

The figures above include numbers referring to the following statutes: Asylum & Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004; and Sexual Offences Act 2003. Source: Justice Statistics Analytical Services – Ministry of Justice. Victims

Detected victims of trafficking, by age and gender, April-December 2009 – 2010

60 69

88 117

318

401

83

125

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

April-Dec2009 2010

Men

Women

Girls

Boys

Source: National Referral Mechanism – Database.

Detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, April 2009 – December 2010

Servitude, 221

Unidentified, 132


540

Forced labour, 368


Victims of trafficking, by main nationalities detected, April-December 2009 – 2010

214

316

98

12272

79

3748

72

29

28

14

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

April-Dec2009 2010

Uganda

India

Czech Rep.

Slovakia

Viet Nam

United Kingdom(domestic trafficking)

China

Nigeria

Others


Additional information The United Kingdom has implemented a National Action Plan for the period 2011-2015. The Plan strategy focused on four key areas: Improved victim care arrangements; enhanced ability to act early, before the harm has reached the United Kingdom; smarter multi-agency action at the border; and better coordination of law enforcement efforts within the United Kingdom. The main aims of the Plan are: To identify victims of trafficking and provide support tailored to the victim’s needs by improving the National Referral Mechanism and implementing a more flexible contracting model in England and Wales to identify and support victims; to deter and disrupt trafficking overseas and make the United Kingdom a less attractive target for criminals by sharing intelligence across boundaries, targeting traffickers before they reach the United Kingdom, and communicating the risks to potential victims; to strengthen border controls and policing to prevent traffickers entering the country; more coordination of law enforcement efforts in the United Kingdom; to strengthen response to traffickers through the creation of the National Crime Agency and the Organised Crime Coordination Centre, leading to better identification of organized criminals and a more coordinated response.

− Uzbekistan− The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Uzbekistan covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Investigations and suspects The Interdepartmental Committee to Combat Human Trafficking reports in the first nine months of 2009 about 340 persons were prosecuted for trafficking in persons and related offences. About 40 per cent of them were females, and 60 per cent were men. Source: Interdepartmental Committee to Combat Human Trafficking. Victims Uzbek victims are trafficked mainly for sexual exploitation in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, South-East Asia, South Asia and Central America. Victims trafficked for forced labour are trafficked to Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Source: Interdepartmental Committee to Combat Human Trafficking.

Documents

Country Profiles Europe and Central Asia · 2012-12-09 · Victims Detected victims of trafficking, by age category, 2008-2010 16 22 14 92 72 83 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2008 2009 2010