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COUNTRY REPORT OF VIETNAMDROUGHT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
Dr. Ha Hai DuongMSc. Trinh Ngoc Thang
Department for Water Resources and Climate change Vietnam Academy for Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Bangkok, 22-28 September 2019
2019 KOICA-UN ESCAP Fellowship Programme in collaboration with KRIHS Capacity Building on Drought Monitoring and Early Warning (under the Asia-Pacific Plan of Action
on Space Applications for Sustainable Development, 2018-2030)
1. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name HA HAI DUONG
Country VIETNAM
Organization and position in the organization
Head of Water Resources and Climate Change Department Institute for Water and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Contact Phone (84-4) (0) 986456606
E-mail [email protected]
Year of experiences in your field
15 years
Name TRINH NGOC THANG
Country VIETNAM
Organization and position in the organization
Researcher of Vietnam Academy for Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Contact Phone (84-4) (0) 35632495
E-mail [email protected]
Year of experiences in your field
7 years
2. COUNTRY’S PROFILE AND STATUS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Contents in below contain general information on participant’s country
Category 2008 yr 2013 yr 2018 yr
Land Area (㎢) 331.210 331.210 331.210
Urbanization (%) 29 33,47 40
Population (in 1 thousand) 87.860,4 89.759,5 94.666,0
Economically Active Population
(in 1 thousand) 49.048,5 52.207,8 54.249,4
GDP (thousand dollar) 99.130.000 171.222.000 244.948.000
GDP Growth Rate (%) 6,23 6.82% 7,1
Central Government Budget
(thousand dollar)13.396,272 30.992,545 46.345,409
Central Government Liabilities
(thousand dollar)1.233,545 3.150,560 5.540,909
Index of Industrial Product (%) 101,1 105,9 110,1
Degree of dependence upon foreign
trade (%)13 10,2 7
Road Length (㎞) 194.258 205.681 285.075
Pavement Rate (%) 53 68 85
Railroad Length (㎞) 2.308 2.830 3160
Per capita generation(kw) 853 1152 1532
Potable water supply rate (%) 75 80 85
Car Fleet(thousand) 1.875 2.812 3.125
Housing Supply
(thousand)N/A N/A N/A
The number of Internet users
(thousand)20.802 41.052 63.994
High-speed Internet subscription rate
(%)25% 48% 80%
The number of mobile phone
subscribers(thousand)7.472 12.370 13.040
Line telephone subscription
(thousand)8.960 13.044 13.470
Mainland Territory: 331.210 sq. km
Population: 94.666,0 inhabitants (in 2018)
National Capital: Hanoi
Climate: Vietnam lies in the tropics and
monsoon.
Topography: Three quarters of Vietnam's
territory consist of mountains and hills
(detail)
Administrative Units: Vietnam is divided
into 64 provinces and cities
❑Total coastal length of 3,260 km and
thousands of islands.
3. EXPECTATION FOR THE PROGRAMME
❑ Challenges on drought and early
warning
❑ Knowledge and practices on national
policies and solutions on drought
monitoring and early warning
❑ Good models and solutions on
drought monitoring and early
warning systems
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM
Different types of drought in Vietnam;
Hydrological and Agricultural Drought.
Hydrological and Agricultural Drought.
Meteoroloical and Hydrological Drought.
Hydrological and Agricultural Drought
Most drought-effected zone in Vietnam
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM
Vietnam has an annual dry season that goes from
November to April.
In 2016, the country suffered from the worst
drought the country has seen in 90 years, and it
has been attributed to the El Niño weather event.
In 2016, 52 out of the 63 provinces in Vietnam
had been affected by the drought. In 18 of the
most affected provinces, 2 million people were in
need of humanitarian assistance.
Of all of the people affected, 500,000 lived in the
drought-affected South Central and Central
Highlands Regions, and 1.5 million lived in the
Mekong Delta.
• In 2015-2016, due to the impacts of El Nino,drought occurred with most seriously comparedwith over past 15 years; Ninh Thuan province hasannounced natural disaster situation (drought) insome areas within province;
Due to drought impacts, agriculture production in Ninh Phuoc district had
stopped. (Source: TTXVN)
Lack of water for husbandry in Phuoc
Trung commune, Bac Ai district. (Source: Nhân
dân magazine)
People had to buy water for domestic uses (Source: Internet)
Drought Impacts on Agricuture
Impacts on domestic water use
Winter-Spring crop. 2015-
2016
Irrigated for 22.980haonly (decrease of
3.233ha)
11.000 households(over 55.000 people)
lacked water
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM (Cont.)
DROUGHT MITIGATION AND ADAPTIVE MEASURES IN VIETNAM???
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM (Cont.)
APPROACHES
INTEGRATED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM (Cont.)
“SET OF ACTIVITIES” for prior implementation to responds to different drought levels
projected to different areas.
APPROACHES
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM (Cont.)
INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES
4. MAJOR DROUGHT ISSUE IN VIETNAM (Cont.)
WATER MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
2. INTEGRATED DROUGHT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (Cont.,)
At provincial level, drought management framework can be considered as action plan toresponds to drought impacts within province area.
▪ In general, action plan to responds to drought atprovincial level will include 4 main coponents:(i) Institution and policy, (ii) Droughtmonitoring and water accounting, (iii) Actionplan to responds to drought and (iv) Decisionsupport system;
▪ The drought levels had set up depending on theprovisions of the Vietnam Law on naturaldisaster prevention and control. (4 levels);
▪ List of prior activities in short and long termperiods;
5. ORGANIZATION ROLE AND STRUCTURE
State Management Agencies on Natural Disaster Management
5. ORGANIZATION ROLE AND STRUCTURE (Cont.)
Vietnam National Committee for Search and Rescue
5. ORGANIZATION ROLE AND STRUCTURE (Cont.)
Responsibility to respond according to the level of disaster risk in Vietnam
❑ Level 1: President of Commune People’s Committee, Chairperson of commune
steering committee for natural disaster management
❑ Level 2: President of Provincial People’s Committee, Chairperson of provincial
steering committee for natural disaster management
❑ Level 3: Chairperson of the center steering committee commands the ministries,
provinces to implement the response measures.
❑ Level 4: The Prime Minister commands the ministries, provinces to implement the
response measures.
❑ Level 5: The Prime Minister demand the State President to declare a state of
emergency
6. GOVERNMENT POLICY AND STRATEGY
CONSIDERATIONS FOR POLICY AND DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
1. Modernizing hydro-meteorological monitoring and forecast systems with processes to enable
effective use of forecast and early warning for better disaster preparedness and response
actions.
2. Devise a national financial protection strategy so that the government can better plan for the
efficient financing of rapid response and recovery in the aftermath of disasters.
3. Use social assistance programs that provide livelihood support to help people recover from
disasters.
4. Undertake a thorough analysis of risks and vulnerabilities.
5. In deltas, river basins, and other ecosystems, work to coordinate integrated water resources
management and appropriate land use across the water, energy, and agriculture sectors.
6. Climate-smart agriculture practices should be more widely adopted.
7. Use community-based approaches—including investments, capacity building, and planning
activities—to promote the implementation of resilience measures.
8. Identify vulnerable populations and communities that are at most risk to climate change and
support communities by empowering individuals.
6. GOVERNMENT POLICY AND STRATEGY
Sources: UN and GoV 2016; World Bank
Short Term: Design, pilot, and standardize proven practices Medium/Long Term: Scale up and institutionalize practices
Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery 1. Integrated drought monitoring and
warning systems linking hydro-met systems to preparedness and response procedures
2. Financial protection strategy for effective financing of response and recovery
3. Adaptive social assistance systems to support vulnerable household
4. Risk and vulnerability analysis for target areas and populations to provide locations pecific and effective last-mile delivery of support
Tools for Mainstreaming Resilience in Development 5. Systems to enable integrated water
resource management (both supply and demand side) and climate-sensitive landuse planning at river basin, coastal zone, and watershed levels
6. Climate-smart good agricultural practices from crops, livestock, aquaculture, and other productive assets
7. Inclusive, community-based approaches for DRM and CCA, and skilled human resources to implement them
8. 8. Empowerment of vulnerable populations to access available risk reduction opportunities to enhance risk resilience and livelihoods
