COUNTRY STUDY - POLAND POLISH PROGRAMME OF MOTORWAYS CONSTRUCTIONS - BARRIERS OF IMPLEMENTATIONProf. Jan Burnewicz, dr Monika Bak University Of Gdansk

Highways: cost and regulation in EuropeWorkshop in Bergamo, November 26th- 27th

2004

STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER

Polish „network” of motorways – comparison with other European countries;

Brief history of motorways construction in Poland; Practical realisation of the programme from the

beginning of nineties; Significance of motorways in Polish transport and

economic systems; Evolution of financing conceptions; EU funds.

MOTORWAYS DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND

Imbalance between growth rate of road networkand number of vehicles in Poland in the years 1946-2004

YearsAnnual growth

rate of total road network (%)

Annual growth rate of motorway

network (%)

Annual growth rate of number of

vehicles (%)1946-1960 0.81 0.00 18.45

1961-1975 2.12 0.00 8.14

1976-1990 1.61 4.40 5.59

1991-2004 0.82 6.70 4.14

POLISH „NETWORK”- COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

366,4260,3

237,7230,8

218,4202,3

177,8171,9

167,9167,8

161,1143,1142,8

119,9116,0

111,970,068,8

60,254,9

50,344,041,038,3

32,427,9

10,35,0

0,00,00,0

106,3

0,0 50,0 100,0 150,0 200,0 250,0 300,0 350,0 400,0

Cy prus

Luxembourg

Spain

Switzerland

Slovenia

Austria

Denmark

Sweden

Belgium

France

Portugal

Germany

Netherlands

Lithuania

Finland

Italy

Greece

Estonia

UK

Slovakia

Czech Rep.

Hungary

Bulgaria

Norwey

Irland

Turkey

Poland

Romania

Island

Latvia

Malta

Average in Europe

Length of motorways in Europeper 1 million of citizens in 2001

POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NEW EU MEMBER STATES

PRIVATE MOTORISATION GROWTHNumber of passenger cars per 1000 citizens

339

335

238

426

235

334

259

229

number of passenger carsper 1000 citizens

430

19902000

UE 15 - 479

POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NEW EU MEMBER STATES

EXTENSION OF MOTORWAYSDensity of motorwaysin km per 1000 km2

6.6

21.4

4.8

2.1

6.4

1.3

6.04

density of motorwaysin km per 1000 km2

22

19902001

UE 15 – 16,3

EXTENSION OF MOTORWAYS NETWORK IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 1990-2004 IN KM

199,2 204,0 209,0 215,0 219,0 219,0 219,0

250,5

282,0

319,5

355,0

405,1

463,4

523,0

386,5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

in k

m

EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTIONS OF MOTORWAYS EXPANSION IN POLAND

Plan of 1946

PLANNED MOTORWAYSdate of a plan - 1972PLANNED MOTORWAYSdate of a plan - 1972

EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTIONS OF MOTORWAYS EXPANSION IN POLAND

PLANNED MOTORWAYSfor the years 2003-2013date of a plan - 2003

Legendexisting motorways

planned motorways

granted concessions planned concessionscities

other roads

PLANNED MOTORWAYSfor the years 2003-2013date of a plan - 2003

Legendexisting motorways

planned motorways

granted concessions planned concessionscities

other roads

PLANNED MOTORWAYSfor the years 2003-2013date of a plan - 2003

Legendexisting motorways

planned motorways

granted concessions planned concessionscities

other roadslmotorways

expressways

PLANNED MOTORWAYS AND EXPRESSWAYSdate of a plan - 1991

lmotorways

expressways

PLANNED MOTORWAYS AND EXPRESSWAYSdate of a plan - 1991

PAID AND FREE MOTORWAYS IN POLAND

No Total length (in km)

Realisation

564

17.5 km – section in operation (in the central

Poland), new investments –

predicted start at 2005

651 under construction,

already completed 150 km

779 under construction,

already completed 350 km

21

already completed 14 km, planned

modernisation of the remaining section

70 modernisation from 2005

50 km

F

F

F

PP

P

P

F

F

F

NOVEMBER 2004, 523 KM

A-1 Gdansk

Transport Company, concession in 1997,

Realisation - no

 

1995 – Agency of Motorways Constructionand Exploitation advertised for tenders

A-2 Autostrada

Wielkopolska S.A – concession in 1997

Realisation – 150 km,

Tolls – 150 km (3x2.6 EUR)

A-4 (exploitation) Stalexport

Autostrada Małopolska S.A – concession in 1997

Realisation – starting charging

Tolls – 61 km (2.3 EUR)

A1

A2

A4

CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLOITATIONOF MOTORWAYS IN CONCESSION SYSTEM

IMPACTS OF FUTURE MOTORWAYS- short term

Year 2000 2004 2008 2012 Length of motorways under construction (in km) 8.6 162.9 122.8 67.0 Employment (number of persons per year) 1720 32580 24560 13400

COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF 150 KM OF A-1, A-2, A-4 MOTORWAYSAND RAIL LINE (in 2010)

Type of the network – effect of investment in 2010

% of goods traffic

% of passenger

traffic

Annual growth of

goods transport

service value in million

PLN

Annual growth of

pass. transport

service value in

million PLN

Total growth of transport service value

in million PLN

Investment expenditures

in million PLN

Ratio of annual growth

of transport service to investment

expenditures Rail 2-lines link, electrified, increase of speed from 70 to 160 km/h

70 30 405 79 484 2 250 0.21

Motorway A-1: 2 x 2 traffic lanes, (instead of national road) Gdansk-Torun

30 70 739 253 992 3 000 0.33

Motorway A2 and A4: 2 x 2 traffic lanes (instead of national road)

30 70 887 304 1 190 3 750 0.32

IMPACT OF MOTORWAYS ON GDP IN REGIONS ADHERENT TO THE MOTORWAYS

km

Population in the area of motorways 2x50 km (thousand

persons)

GDP in the area of motorway 2x50 km in

million PLN

Persons per 1 km of

motorway

GDP in million PLN per 1 km of

motorway

GDP growth 2003-2010 in million PLN

per1 km A-1 565 11187.9 179852.4 19802 318 2.2 A-2 441 7392.8 134484.1 16764 305 2.1 A-4 545 10751.5 169628.0 19728 311 2.2 total 1551 29332.3 483964.5 18912 312 2.2

EVOLUTION OF FINANCING CONCEPTIONS

Until 1993 – traditional budget funds, 1993 – Programme of Motorways Construction, 1994 - Act of paid motorways - state budget 10-15%,

BOT system, 2000 – National Motorways Fund (revenues from vignettes,

loans, emission of bonds, etc.), not operated in practice, 2002 - Replacing toll system by vignette system (for all

users), ABiEA joined to GDDP – forming central GDDKiA, 2003 – stop the vignette project.

NEW LEGAL AND ORGANISATIONAL INITIATIVES (2003-2004)

Act of specific rules of preparation and realisation of investments in the scope of national roads,

Act amending an act of paid motorways of 1994 – replacing National Motorways Fund by National Road Fund – suppied by new fuel charge,

Fuel charge introduced in 2004 - 105 PLN per 1 ton of fuel, estimated revenues in 2004 = 1537 PLN (ca. 319 million EUR),

(in 2003 state budget expenditures for motorways construction – 85 million PLN)

EU FUNDS – SUPPORT FOR MOTORWAYS CONSTRUCTION IN POLAND 2004-2006

Sectoral Operational Programme - Transport

Strategy of Use Cohesion Fund in Transport

Integrated Programme of Regional Development

Increase of transport infrastructure investments up to 1.8% of GDP,until 2008 new 255 km of motorways

FINAL REMARKS

Good potential for new investments: – supply side - economic and social development, satisfactory progress in transformation,- demand side – boom of private motorisation, dynamic increase of road freight carriages,

Weak effects:- organisational barriers,- insufficient financial means,- social and political conflicts.