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County of Fairfax, VirginiaCounty of Fairfax, Virginia
County-wide Urban Transportation County-wide Urban Transportation Design StandardsDesign Standards
Board of SupervisorsBoard of Supervisors
Transportation CommitteeTransportation Committee
May 8, 2012May 8, 2012
Department of Transportation 1
County of Fairfax, Virginia
PurposePurpose
• The purpose is to develop a set of urban transportation design standards that can be utilized anywhere in the County, including it’s urban activity centers and revitalization areas.
• VDOT’s current standards are primarily based on high-speed rural and suburban design.
• The new standards are based on context-sensitive design that accommodate low-speed urban roadway design.
• The new standards will create a flexible platform that focus on urban design elements, and allow for construction of “complete” streets that effectively accommodate all modes of transportation, including pedestrian, bicycle, and transit.
Department of Transportation 2
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Primary Reference SourcesPrimary Reference Sources• Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan.
• Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) recommended practice: Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach, 2010.
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2004; low speed urban street design.
• VDOT Access Management Design Standards for Entrances and Intersections.
Department of Transportation 3
County of Fairfax, Virginia
BackgroundBackground• In April 2010, the General Assembly of Virginia enacted HB 222 (Watts),
“Design standards for state secondary highway system components” (presently codified at Va. Code Ann. Section 33.1-69.001, which required the Virginia Department of Transportation to work in conjunction with Fairfax County to develop new context sensitive, urban design standards for the county.
• Design standards for Tysons Corner were developed by Fairfax County Department of Transportation, in partnership with other County agencies, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)
• On September 13, 2011, the Board adopted Transportation Design Standards and a Memorandum of Agreement with VDOT (MOA), for the Tysons Corner Urban Center.
Department of Transportation 4
County of Fairfax, Virginia
BackgroundBackground – Continued – Continued
• VDOT’s flexibility and support in development of the standards and MOA was instrumental in their successful adoption.
• County staff is now proposing a plan for expanding these standards county-wide, including the County’s urban activity centers and revitalization areas.
Department of Transportation 5
County of Fairfax, Virginia
County Comprehensive Plan ObjectivesCounty Comprehensive Plan Objectives• Objective 1 – Provide for both through and local movement of people
and goods via a multi-modal transportation system that provides transportation choices, reduces single-occupancy-vehicle (SOV) use and improves air quality. (complete streets policy)
• Objective 2 – Increase use of public transportation and non-motorized transportation. (complete streets policy)
• Objective 3 – Ensure that the roadway system provides adequate local access and capacity for through movements, consistent with financial, social, and environmental constraints and with the County’s goal of reducing SOV use. (context sensitive design policy)
Department of Transportation 6
County of Fairfax, Virginia
County Comprehensive Plan ObjectivesCounty Comprehensive Plan Objectives• Objective 4 – Provide a comprehensive network of sidewalks, trails
and bicycle routes as an integral element of the overall transportation network. (complete streets policy)
• Objective 6 – Ensure that improvements to the transportation system are cost-effective and consistent with environmental, land use, social, and economic goals. (context sensitive design policy)
• Objective 11 – Ensure that land use and transportation policies are complementary. (context sensitive design policy)
Department of Transportation 7
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Revitalization and Urban Activity CentersRevitalization and Urban Activity Centers
• Annandale• Huntington• McLean• Merrifield• Reston• Richmond Highway• Seven Corners and Baileys Crossroads• Springfield
Department of Transportation 8
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Recommended ProcessRecommended Process• Develop a County-wide set of Urban Transportation Design Standards
(excluding Tysons Corner) that will be applicable within the County’s revitalization areas and urban activity centers, and adopt a County-wide Memorandum of Agreement with VDOT to implement the standards.
• Develop applicability criteria, entailing land-use and density, that will establish specifically how and where the Design Standards can be applied within and around the County’s revitalization areas and urban activity centers.
• The Design Standards would entail traffic engineering criteria that would be general enough to apply to all of the County’s urban activity centers and revitalization areas, and to other areas of the County that match the land-use and density applicability criteria.
Department of Transportation 9
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Recommended ProcessRecommended Process – Continued – Continued
• The Design Standards would reference the County’s comprehensive plan and Comprehensive Plan overlays, or would include special appendices for specific information on sidewalk widths and landscape amenity panel requirements for different districts.
• The Design Standards, where applicable, will reference or incorporate work already done within the County’s revitalization areas and urban activity centers.
Department of Transportation 10
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Recommended Public OutreachRecommended Public Outreach• The Design Standards are intended to support implementation of the
Revitalization Area and Urban Activity Center plans, as well as to provide a framework for implementing urban street standards in other areas that demonstrate urban land-use characteristics.
• No changes to the revitalization areas, urban activity centers, or the comprehensive plan are being recommended.
• County staff proposes to hold community workshops in different areas of the county to discuss the draft transportation design standards, and receive comments from the public.
• The outreach efforts will similarly follow, and improve upon the collaborative process that was used to build consensus on the Tysons Corner Design Standards.
Department of Transportation 11
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Recommended Public OutreachRecommended Public Outreach• Since the transportation design standards are county-wide, the meetings will
be more broadly advertised and cover larger geographic regions of the County, as opposed to holding exclusive meetings for individual revitalization areas or urban centers.
Department of Transportation 12
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Elements of the Design StandardsElements of the Design Standards
• Functional Classifications
• Level of Service Standards
• Design and Operating Speed
• Access Management
• Lane Widths and On-Street Parking
• Median Islands and Turn Lanes
• Horizontal Radius
• Design Control Vehicles
• Intersection Sight Distance
• Multi-Modal Characteristics
• Bicycle Facilities
• Utility Placement
Department of Transportation 13
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Expected TimeframeExpected Timeframe• Based on experience from the adoption of the Tysons Corner
Transportation Design Standards, but given the larger geographic area being covered and the opportunity for expanded public input, expectations are to have the standards adopted in about 12 to 18 months.
– Develop Draft Design Standards.
– Meet with VDOT to reach initial consensus.
– Meet with community groups and accept public comment.
– Refine the Design Standards.
– Revisit the Design Standards with VDOT and the community groups, and through a collaborative process, build consensus on the final design criteria.
Department of Transportation 14
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Expected TimeframeExpected Timeframe• This timeframe could be longer, if there is substantial feedback and
dialogue stemming from the general public, landowners, or community groups.
• Comments from VDOT should be modest given the standards will mirror those already adopted for Tysons Corner.
• VDOT has expressed an interest in seeing one set of urban design standards for Fairfax County. This will require a creative approach that allows for diversity within the County, without overly complicating the approval process.
Department of Transportation 15
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Revitalization Areas andRevitalization Areas and
Urban Activity CentersUrban Activity Centers
Department of Transportation 16
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Annandale Revitalization AreaAnnandale Revitalization Area
Department of Transportation 17
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Huntington Transit Station AreaHuntington Transit Station Area
Department of Transportation 18
County of Fairfax, Virginia
McLean Revitalization AreaMcLean Revitalization Area
Department of Transportation 19
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Merrifield Revitalization AreaMerrifield Revitalization Area
Department of Transportation 20
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Reston UrbanReston UrbanActivity CentersActivity Centers
Department of Transportation 21
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Richmond HighwayRichmond HighwayRevitalization AreasRevitalization Areas
Department of Transportation 22
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Seven Corners and Baileys Crossroads Seven Corners and Baileys Crossroads Revitalization AreasRevitalization Areas
Department of Transportation 23
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Springfield Revitalization AreaSpringfield Revitalization Area
Department of Transportation 24
OutsideRevitalization
Area
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Questions?Questions?
Department of Transportation 25
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Appendix AAppendix A
Elements of the StandardsElements of the Standards
Department of Transportation 26
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Functional ClassificationsFunctional Classifications
• “Functional classification is the process by which streets and highways are grouped into classes, or systems, according to the character of service they are intended to provide.” (FHWA)
• It is necessary to balance and blend three separate systems into one useable classification system:
– Federal Classification system used by VDOT, including primary National Highway System (NHS) routes, and secondary routes;
– Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan; and
– ITE classifications based on context zone characteristics, and context sensitive solutions for designing urban thoroughfares.
Department of Transportation 27
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Recommended Functional ClassificationsRecommended Functional Classifications
Recommended Functional
Classification
Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan
Functional Classification
ITE Functional Classification
Federal Highway Function
Classification
Principal Arterial Principal Arterial Low Speed Boulevard Principal Arterial
Minor ArterialMinor Arterial or
CollectorAvenue
Minor Arterial or Collector
Collector Collector or Local N/A Collector or Local
Local Street Local Local Local
Department of Transportation 28
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Example of Urban Arterial or CollectorExample of Urban Arterial or Collector
Department of Transportation 29
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Example of Urban Arterial or CollectorExample of Urban Arterial or Collector
Department of Transportation 30
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Example of Urban Local StreetExample of Urban Local Street
Department of Transportation 31
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Example of Urban Local StreetExample of Urban Local Street
Department of Transportation 32
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Roadway Level of ServiceRoadway Level of Service
• The Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan establishes a recommended overall Level of Service “D” (LOS).
• This level is defined as “near capacity,” and is intended to proved a minimum and maximum vehicle flow rate, thereby maintaining a balance between vehicle progression and pedestrian walkability.
• The FHWA requires that a LOS “D” be maintained to the maximum extent possible on National Highway System (NHS) routes.
Department of Transportation 33
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Level of Service StandardsLevel of Service Standards
Recommended Functional Classification Level of Service Standards
Principal Arterial D
Minor Arterial D
Collector D
Local Street D
Department of Transportation 34
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Tiered Approach to Level of ServiceTiered Approach to Level of Service
– Analyze the problem areas not meeting the LOS standards;– Reanalyze and provide measurable TDM mitigation measures;– Evaluate additional grid links, including offsite grid links;– Consider temporary traffic mitigation measures;– Consider permanent traffic mitigation measures;– Phase the development;– Make adjustments to the land-use mix;– Provide financial contributions;– Evaluate other traffic mitigation measures;– Analyze through, left, or right-turn lane improvements; and– Evaluate other alternative criteria.
Department of Transportation 35
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Design and Operating SpeedDesign and Operating SpeedRecommended
Functional Classification
Number of Through Lanes
Design Speed(mph)
Operating Speed(mph)
Principal Arterial 4-8 40 35
Minor Arterial 4-6 30-35 25-30
Collector 2-4 25-30 25-30
Local Street 2 25 25
Department of Transportation 36
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Access ManagementAccess Management
• “Access management means the systematic control of the location, spacing, design, and operation of entrances, median openings, traffic signals, and interchanges for the purpose of providing vehicular access to land development in a manner that preserves the safety and efficiency of the transportation system.” (VDOT)
• VDOT’s current access management standards are more suitable for high speed rural and suburban design.
• The proposed standards are for low speed urban design, allow for closer spacing of street intersections, and thereby permitting the development of a walkable “grid of streets.”
Department of Transportation 37
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Access ManagementAccess ManagementRecommended
Functional Classification
Access Management
Operational Analysis
Signalized Intersection
Spacing
UnsignalizedIntersection
Spacing (full access)
UnsignalizedIntersection
Spacing(partial access)
Driveway Spacing
Principal Arterial
Moderate RequiredOperational
AnalysisOperational
Analysis325’-660’
Restricted Access
Minor Arterial Low Discretionary 525’-660’ 200’-660’ 200’-660’ 200’
Collector Low Discretionary 425’-660’ 200’-660’ 155’-660’ 155’
Local Street Very Low N/A 325’-660’ 100’-660’ N/A 50’
Department of Transportation 38
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Roadway Design CriteriaRoadway Design Criteria
• Reduced 10 and 11 foot lanes are incorporated into the standards to create narrow, pedestrian scale streets, and slower vehicle speeds that are more conducive to pedestrian activity.
• On-street parking is required on most streets to create a useable street frontage that serves street-level commercial retail, and to create side friction that reduces vehicles speeds.
• Except as stipulated in the County’s Comprehensive Plan, or General Plan Overlays, raised median islands, and left-turn and right-turn lanes are discouraged in order to create narrow, pedestrian scale streets.
Department of Transportation 39
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Lane Widths and On-Street ParkingLane Widths and On-Street Parking
Recommended Functional
Classification
Lane Width On-Street Parking On-Street Parking Width
Principal Arterial 11’ Restricted N/A
Minor Arterial 10’-11’ Required 8’
Collector 10’-11’ Required 8’
Local Street 10’ Required 7’-8’
Department of Transportation 40
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Median Islands and Turn LanesMedian Islands and Turn Lanes
Recommended Functional
Classification
Raised/Landscaped Median
Median Width Left and Right Turn Lanes
Left and Right Turn Lane Widths
Principal Arterial
Required 16’-20’ Optional 11’
Minor Arterial Optional 16’-20’ Optional 10’-11’
Collector Optional 4’-8’ Optional 10’-11’
Local Street N/A N/A Optional 10’
Department of Transportation 41
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Horizontal RadiusHorizontal Radius
Design Speed(mph)
Minimum Radius(standard crown)
Minimum Radius
emax = 0.02
(superelevation)
20 107’ 92’
25 198’ 183’
30 333’ 273’
35 N/A 408’
40 N/A 593’
Department of Transportation 42
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Design and Control VehiclesDesign and Control Vehicles
Recommended Functional
Classification
Principal Arterial Minor Arterial Collector Local Street
DV CV DV CV DV CV DV CV
Principal Arterial WB-62 WB-62
Minor ArterialCITY-BUS
WB-50CITY-BUS
WB-50
CollectorCITY-BUS
WB-50CITY-BUS
WB-50CITY-BUS
WB-50
Local Street SU WB-50 SU WB-50 SU WB-50 P WB-50
Department of Transportation 43
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Intersection Sight DistanceIntersection Sight Distance
Design Speed (mph)
Minimum Intersection Sight DistanceRoad Gradient (percent slope)
-9% -6% -3% Level +3% +6% +9%
20 130’ 120’ 120’ 115’ 110’ 110’ 105’
25 175’ 165’ 160’ 155’ 150’ 145’ 140’
30 230’ 215’ 205’ 200’ 200’ 185’ 180’
35 290’ 275’ 260’ 250’ 240’ 230’ 225’
40385’
(355’ SSD)
385’(335’ SSD)
385’(315’ SSD)
385’(305’ SSD)
385’(290’ SSD)
385’(280’ SSD)
385’(270’ SSD)
Department of Transportation 44
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Multi-Modal CharacteristicsMulti-Modal Characteristics
Recommended Functional Classification
Transit Service Freight Movement
Principal Arterial Express and Local Regional and Local Truck Routes
Minor Arterial Local Local Deliveries
Collector Local Local Deliveries
Local Street Local Local Deliveries
Department of Transportation 45
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Pedestrian FacilitiesPedestrian FacilitiesRecommended
Functional Classification
Streetscape Zone Width
Min/Max Building Zone Width
Minimum Sidewalk Width
Minimum Landscape
Amenity Panel Width
Principal Arterial
Design Standards are per the County’s Comprehensive Plan, and Comprehensive Plan Overlays
Minor Arterial
Collector
Local Street
Department of Transportation 46
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Streetscape Streetscape Zone DiagramZone Diagram
Department of Transportation 47
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Bicycle FacilitiesBicycle FacilitiesRecommended
Functional Classification
BicycleFacilities
Bike Lane Width Adjacent to Curb
Bike Lane Width Adjacent to
Right-Turn Lane
Bike Lane WidthAdjacent toParking Isle
Principal Arterial N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor ArterialOn-Street Bike
Lane4’ 5’ 5’-6’
CollectorOn-Street Bike
Lane4’ 5’ 5’-6’
Local Street N/A N/A N/A N/A
Department of Transportation 48
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Utility PlacementUtility Placement
Utility Location
Streetscape Zone Curb Zone Parking Isle Travel Lane
Storm Drainage
Sanitary Sewer
Water
Natural Gas
Electrical
Telecommunications
Department of Transportation 49
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Appendix BAppendix B
Context Land Use ZonesContext Land Use Zones
Department of Transportation 50
County of Fairfax, Virginia
Context Land Use ZonesContext Land Use Zones
• A wide variety of factors create context in the urban environment:
– Land use and zoning
– Block length
– Parking type and orientation
– Building orientation and setback
– Building height and thoroughfare enclosure
– Building width
– Building scale and variety
– Building entries
Department of Transportation 51
County of Fairfax, Virginia
ITE Context Zone CharacteristicsITE Context Zone Characteristics
Natural ZoneC-1
RuralC-2
SuburbanC-3
General UrbanC-4
Urban CenterC-5
Urban CoreC-6
(recommended)
Natural Landscape.
Agricultural with scattered Development.
Primarily single family residential.
Mix of housing types including attached units, with a range of commercial and civic activity.
Attached housing types, such as townhouses and apartments mixed with retail, workplace, and civic activities.
Highest-intensity areas, with high-density residential and workplace uses, entertainment, civic, and cultural uses.
Department of Transportation 52
County of Fairfax, Virginia
ITE Context Zone CharacteristicsITE Context Zone Characteristics
Department of Transportation 53