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County of HawaiiDepartment of Water Supply
Water Use & Development Plan Update
Integrating Water Law and Land Use Planning in Hawaii
Big Island Water Resources Meeting - UH HiloMarch 21, 2011
Lawrence E. Beck, P.E.
HAWAII WATER PLAN
Legislative Mandate
• 1987 – Hawaii Water Code (HRS Chapter 174C)
• Protect Hawaii’s surface & ground water resources
• Established the Commission on Water Resources Management (CWRM)
• Development of the Hawaii Water Plan as… “a long range planning guide for CWRM”
HAWAII WATER PLAN
WRPP WQP SWPP AWUDP
CountyWUDP’s
State Needs
Agricultural Needs
Water Use & Land Use Policies
Quantity QualityResource Protection
Policies
HAWAII WATER PLAN
County WUDP’s
Objective –“to set forth the allocation of water to land use through the development of policies & strategies to guide the County in its planning, management and development of water resources to meet projected demands”
Hawai’i County decided to fund the update – recognized its importance as “a long range planning guide for DWS”
Statewide Framework (2000)
Objective
Created by CWRM to facilitate the coordination, integration & consistency of the components of the Hawaii Water Plan
Technical Approach
Key Tasks
• Inventory of Existing Sources• Inventory of Existing Uses• Identification of Existing Water Systems• Assessment of Land Use Plans & Policies• Projection of Future Water Demands• Identification of Supply-side (Resource) &
Demand-side (Uses/Control) Options• Public Participation – Stakeholder
Input/Review
Technical Approach
Inventory of Existing Sources
• CWRM database– Registered Wells– Registered Diversions
• Updated well pumpage information/records
• Updated diversion records• Catchment systems are major sources• Reclaimed wastewater• Desalination systems
Sustainable Yield
Instream Flow Standard
Technical Approach
Key Definitions
• Sustainable Yield– “Sustainable yield” means the maximum rate
at which water may be withdrawn from a water source without impairing the utility or quality of the water source as determined by the commission.”
• Instream Flow Standards– “a quantity or flow of water or depth of water
which is required to be present at a specific location in a stream system at certain specified times of the year to protect fishery, wildlife, recreational, aesthetic, scenic, and other beneficial instream uses.”
CWRM Aquifer Sectors & Systems
801 – KOHALA
806 – SW MAUNA LOA
803 – W MAUNA KEA
807 – NW MAUNA LOA
809 – HUALALAI 804 – NE MAUNA LOA
808 - KILAUEA
802 – E MAUNA KEA
805 – SE MAUNA LOA
24 Systems
Summary – Island of HawaiiAquifer Sector – Sustainable Yield
Sector Code Aquifer Sector Area (Acres)
S.Y. (mgd)
801 Kohala 154,118 154
802 East Mauna Kea 385,952 388
803 West Mauna Kea 180,570 24
804 North East Mauna Loa 256,640 740
805 South East Mauna Loa 447,859 291
806 South West Mauna Loa 406,893 130
807 North West Mauna Loa 186,246 30
808 Kilauea 361,338 618
809 Hualalai 200,282 56
Total – Island of Hawaii 2,579,898 2431
CWRM Registered Wells & Aquifer
Sectors
CWRM Watersheds & Registered Diversions
Aquifer Sectors
Technical Approach (cont.) Inventory of Existing Uses
• Domestic (individual households)• Industrial (fire protection, mining,
thermoelectric cooling, geothermal)• Irrigation (golf course, landscaping)• Agriculture (crops, processing, livestock)• Military• Municipal (County, State, “Private” Public
Water Systems)
Technical Approach
Land Use Plans & Policies
• State Land Use Classifications– Generalized Land Use Policies
• County General Plan– Ultimate Development “County Vision”
• County Zoning– Allowable Development by Ordinance
Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map (LUPAG Map)
809
803
807
12 Classifications
General Plan Designation
ConservationExtensive AgricultureHigh Density UrbanIntensive AgricultureIndustrialLow Density UrbanMedium Density UrbanOpen AreaOrchardsResortUrban ExpansionUniversity Use
County of Hawaii
General Plan(LUPAG)
12 Classifications
(breakwater)(flood)(pier)(pond)(river)(road)A-10aA-1aA-200aA-20aA-255aA-2aA-35aA-3aA-40aA-500aA-5aA-600aA-7aA-8000aA-80aA-8aA-900aAPDCDHCG-10CG-20CG-7.5CN-10CN-20CN-40CN-7.5CV-10CV-15CV-1aCV-20CV-7.5FA-1aFA-2aFA-3aFA-5aFRMCX-1aMCX-20MG-10aMG-1aMG-20MG-3aMG-5aML-10ML-1aML-20ML-3aNPOPENPDRA-.5aRA-1aRA-2aRCX-10RCX-2RD-3.75RM-.75RM-1RM-1.25RM-1.5RM-10RM-14.5RM-15RM-2RM-2.5RM-20RM-3RM-3.5RM-4RM-5RM-5.5RM-6RM-7RM-8RS-10RS-15RS-20RS-5aRS-7.5V-.75V-1V-1.0V-1.25V-1.5V-1.75V-2V-2.0V-2.25V-25V-2aV-4V-6.0V-7
County of Hawaii
Zoning Map
About 100 Zone Types
Technical Approach
Projected Water Demands
• Full Build-out Scenarios– Sustainability of Land Use Policies– Application of Standard Unit Rates to GP/Z
• Water Demand Projections – “Infill” of undeveloped or under-developed
lands– Based on Population Growth Scenarios– Source Availability attenuates Development– Water System Infrastructure restricts
Development – DWS treats State, County, DHHL, etc. same as
other developers with respect to availability & infrastructure
GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILD-OUT SCENARIO
EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO
PROJECTED WATER DEMAND
SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND USE POLICIES
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
EXISTING DEMAND
SUSTAINABLE YIELD (WRPP)
DEM
AN
D/S
US
TA
INA
BLE Y
IELD
(M
GD
)
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
SUSTAINABLE YIELD (WRPP)
EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO
SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND USE POLICIES
GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILDOUT SCENARIO
DEM
AN
D/S
US
TA
INA
BLE Y
IELD
(M
GD
)
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
SUSTAINABLE YIELD (WRPP)
EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO
SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND USE POLICIES
GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILDOUT SCENARIO
DEM
AN
D/S
US
TA
INA
BLE Y
IELD
(M
GD
)
GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILD-OUT SCENARIO
EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO
PROJECTED WATER DEMAND
PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH
PROJECTED DEMAND
EXISTING DEMAND
DEM
AN
D (
MG
D)
EXISTINGPOPULATION
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
PO
PU
LA
TIO
N
Technical Approach
Identification of Resource Options• Conventional Water System Infrastructure• Alternative Water Resource Measures
– Desalination– Reclaimed Water
• Demand-side Measures– Conservation Programs – Affects Energy Usage– Xeriscape/Landscape management– Reduced Development Density - occurring– Water Availability Ceilings
Challenges
Limited Information
• Based on the best available data• Source information from WRPP not
available early in the process & WQP not yet updated
• Agricultural Water Use - AWUDP projections not available – not island-wide
• Requires reasonable judgment & assumptions
Challenges
Opportunity to Focus Future Efforts• Identification of Data Needs
– Updated Source Capabilities– Agricultural Water Requirements
• Identify areas requiring critical water resource management – current & future– Prioritize study and assessment efforts – Continue to monitor “non-problem” areas
• Linking of Land Planning Policies with infrastructure & resource availability
Footnotes
• Full Build-out conditions (General Plan & Zoning) represent “worst case scenarios” for the study areas– Used for “order of magnitude”-type assessment of the
region– Helpful in prioritizing focus of efforts
• Total Demand includes both potable & non-potable uses– More evaluation of non-potable use, i.e. Agricultural use
of water is required• Focus on existing conditions & projected demands
to prioritize efforts
Summary – Island of HawaiiSustainable Yield – Existing & Potential Demand
Code Aquifer SectorSustainabl
e Yield
Existing Use
Potable Total
Projected Use 2025
Potable Total
Zoning full-buildout
Potable Total
LUPAG full-buildout
Potable Total
801 Kohala 140 2.4 6.5 4.6 12.5 10 177 54 224
802 East Mauna Kea 388 1.7 12.1 2.2 15.3 7 378 25 406
803 West Mauna Kea 24 7.1 11.5 12.8 20.8 12 151 72 219
804 North East Mauna Loa 744 6.3 53.1 7.5 63.2 14 107 138 240
805 South East Mauna Loa 293 0.8 4.7 1.2 7.3 3 148 16 162
806 South West Mauna Loa 114 1.4 5.2 2.2 7.8 2 123 20 145
807 North West Mauna Loa 30 1.8 7.8 3.2 14.0 8 19 99 150
808 Kilauea 621 3.4 5.6 6.3 10.5 4 94 48 139
809 Hualalai 56 11.8 16.2 18.3 25.1 22 115 236 368
Total Island of Hawaii 2410 36.7122.
758.3
176.5
82 1312 708205
3
CWRM Aquifer Sectors & Systems
803 – W MAUNA KEA
807 – NW MAUNA LOA
809 – HUALALAI
Summary – Island of HawaiiSustainable Yield – Initial and Revised Potential Demand
Code Aquifer Sector AreaSustainabl
e Yield
Zoning full build-out LUPAG full build-out
Initial Revised Initial Revised
w/ agw/o ag
w/ ag w/ agw/o ag
w/ ag
801 Kohala 140 177 9 174 224 40 208
802 East Mauna Kea 388 378 8 378 406 25 405
803 West Mauna Kea 24 151 14 151 219 52 187
804 North East Mauna Loa 744 107 26 107 240 119 203
805 South East Mauna Loa 293 148 4 148 162 14 159
806 South West Mauna Loa 114 123 1 123 145 18 143
807 North West Mauna Loa 30 19 11 18 150 82 89
808 Kilauea 621 94 5 95 139 36 127
809 Hualalai 56 115 43 115 368 207 282
Total Island of Hawaii 2410 1312 120 1309 2053 593 1802
EXISTING WATER USE PROFILESECTOR AREA 801 – KOHALA
(MAHUKONA, HAWI, WAIMANU)
Domestic4.9%
Industrial0.0%
Irrigation0.0%
Irrigation (Recl'd WW)0.0%
Agriculture0.0%
Military0.0%
Municipal(Non-DWS)
29.3%
Municipal(DWS)65.8%
801
0
50
100
150
200
250
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MG
D
Sustainable Yield
LUPAG Demand
Zoning Demand
Potable Demand
Non-Potable Demand
Total Demand
PROJECTED TOTAL DEMANDSSECTOR AREA 801 – KOHALA
(MAHUKONA, HAWI, WAIMANU)
SY = 154 MGD
ZONING = 174 MGD
LUPAG = 208 MGD
PROJECTED DEMANDEXISTING USE
801
0
50
100
150
200
250
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MG
D
Sustainable Yield
LUPAG Demand
Zoning Demand
Potable Demand
Non-Potable Demand
Total Demand
PROJECTED DEMANDS EXCLUDING AG DEMANDS
SECTOR AREA 801 – KOHALA (MAHUKONA, HAWI, WAIMANU)
SY = 154 MGD
LUPAG = 40 MGD
ZONING = 9 MGD PROJECTED DEMAND
EXISTING USE
801
EXISTING WATER USE PROFILESECTOR AREA 802 – EAST MAUNA KEA
(HONOKAA, PAAUILO, HAKALAU, ONOMEA)
Domestic10.3%
Industrial31.7%
Irrigation1.1%
Irrigation (Recl'd WW)0.0%
Agriculture0.0%
Military0.0%
Municipal(Non-DWS)
0.0%
Municipal(DWS)57.0%
802
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MG
D
Sustainable Yield
LUPAG Demand
Zoning Demand
Potable Demand
Non-Potable Demand
Total Demand
PROJECTED TOTAL DEMANDSSECTOR AREA 802 – EAST MAUNA KEA
(HONOKAA, PAAUILO, HAKALAU, ONOMEA)
SY = 388 MGD
ZONING = 378 MGD
LUPAG = 405 MGD
PROJECTED DEMANDEXISTING USE
802
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MG
D
Sustainable Yield
LUPAG Demand
Zoning Demand
Potable Demand
Non-Potable Demand
Total Demand
SY = 388 MGD
EXISTING USE
PROJECTED DEMANDS EXCLUDING AG DEMANDS
SECTOR AREA 802 – EAST MAUNA KEA (HONOKAA, PAAUILO, HAKALAU, ONOMEA)
LUPAG = 25 MGDZONING = 8 MGDPROJECTED DEMAND
802
EXISTING WATER USE PROFILESECTOR AREA 803 – WEST MAUNA KEA
(WAIMEA)
Domestic 0.2%
Industrial 0.0%
Irrigation 8.5%
Irrigation (Recl'd WW) 4.1%
Agriculture 0.0%
Military 0.0%
Municipal(Non-DWS) 59.1%
Municipal(DWS) 28.2%
803
PROJECTED TOTAL DEMANDSSECTOR AREA 803 – WEST MAUNA KEA
(WAIMEA)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MG
D
Sustainable Yield
LUPAG Demand
Zoning Demand
Potable Demand
Non-Potable Demand
Total Demand
SY = 24 MGD
ZONING = 151 MGD
LUPAG = 187 MGD
EXISTING USE
PROJECTED DEMAND
803
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
MG
D
Sustainable Yield
LUPAG Demand
Zoning Demand
Potable Demand
Non-Potable Demand
Total Demand
SY = 24 MGD
EXISTING USE PROJECTED DEMAND
PROJECTED DEMANDS EXCLUDING AG DEMANDS
SECTOR AREA 803 – WEST MAUNA KEA (WAIMEA)
LUPAG = 52 MGD
ZONING = 14 MGD
803
General Recommendations
• Promote water conservation• Use Highest Quality Water for Highest Uses• Plan for use of Non-potable Sources & Reclaimed
Water for landscape irrigation & agriculture • More monitoring & studies to determine “safe”
sustainable yields for groundwater• Anticipate “status quo” use of stream diversions
until determination of instream flow standards
Recommendations
Sector 803 – West Mauna Kea
• Develop basal groundwater for potable water sources with caution, considering the thin basal lens
• Investigate alternative sources of potable water, including transfer of water from the Kohala Aquifer Sector Area, surface water sources, desalination of brackish basal water
• Implement demand side conservation measures• Investigate the feasibility of non-potable water
systems (reclaimed water) in areas with concentrated development, such as the resort complexes
Implementation Plan• DWS 20-year Water Master Plan
(completed)– Implementation strategy for DWS systems– Development of 20-year CIP
• Integration with Department of Planning Policies– Community Development Plans
• Pursue Regional Assessment of Available Water Resources (West Hawaii)– Hualalai– West Mauna Kea– Northwest Mauna Loa
CWRM Aquifer Sectors & Systems
-30+4-38
-34
NEW
USGS STUDY
RECHARGE DIFFERENCE RELATIVE TO WRPP
% CHANGES
+84
+77
+207
+108
+140
+264
+36
-8
+60
+2
+3
+24
+7
-22-22
+73
+183 +4
9
+78
+166
Final WUDP Update Report is available on the DWS website:
www.hawaiidws.orgAbout the Water
Water Use and Development Plan Update
Questions?
email: [email protected]
or Mailing Address:Mr. Lawrence Beck, PE
County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply
345 Kekuanaoa StreetHilo, Hawaii 96720