12
10/2/2018 1 Analog Electronics (Course Code: EE314) Lecture 24: Current Mirror Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Year 2018 Course Instructor: Shree Prakash Tiwari Email: [email protected] b h //h / / Webpage: http://home.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/ Course related documents will be uploaded on http://home.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/ 1 Note: The information provided in the slides are taken form text books for microelectronics (including Sedra & Smith, B. Razavi), and various other resources from internet, for teaching/academic use only Temperature and SupplyVoltage Dependence of Bias Current Circuits should be designed to operate properly over a range of supply voltages and temperatures. For the biasing scheme shown below, I 1 depends on the temperature as well as the supply voltage, since V T and I S depend on temperature. V V S e I I T BE / 1 CC BE V R R R V 2 1 2

(Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    4

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

1

Analog Electronics(Course Code: EE314)

Lecture 24: Current Mirror

Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Year 2018

Course Instructor: Shree PrakashTiwari

Email: [email protected]

b h //h / /Webpage: http://home.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/

Course related documents will be uploaded on  http://home.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/

1

Note: The information provided in the slides are taken form text books for microelectronics (including Sedra & Smith,  B. Razavi), and various other resources from internet, for teaching/academic use only

Temperature and Supply‐Voltage Dependence of Bias Current

• Circuits should be designed to operate properly over a range of supply voltages and temperatures.

• For the biasing scheme shown below, I1 depends on the temperature as well as the supply voltage, since VT and IS depend on temperature.

VVSeII TBE /

1

CCBE VRR

RV

21

2

Page 2: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

2

Temperature and Supply Dependence of Bias Current

1212 )ln()( STCC IIVRRVR

3

• Since VT, IS, n, and VTH all depend on temperature, I1 for both bipolar and MOS depends on temperature and supply.

2

21

21 2

1

THDDoxn VV

RR

R

L

WCI

Concept of a Current Mirror• Circuit designs to provide a supply‐ and temperature‐independent current exist, but require many transistors to implementtransistors to implement.

“golden current source”

• A current mirror is used to replicate the current from a “golden current source” to other locations. 

Page 3: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

3

Current Mirror Circuitry

• Diode‐connected QREF produces an output voltage VX that forces Icopy1 to be equal to IREF, if Q1 is identical to QREF.

Current mirror concept Generation of required VBE Current Mirror Circuitry

REFREFS

Scopy I

I

II

,

1,1

REFS

REFT

S

copyTX I

IV

I

IVV

,1,

1 lnln

Bad Current Mirror Example 1

f h ll d b f h d• If the collector and base of QREF are not shorted together, there will not be a path for the base currents to flow, so that Icopy is zero.

Page 4: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

4

Bad Current Mirror Example 2

• Although it provides a path for base currents to flow, this biasing approach is no better than a resistive voltage divider. 

Multiple Copies of IREF• Multiple copies of IREF can be generated at different locations by applying the current mirror concept to multiple transistorsmultiple transistors.

REFREFS

jSjcopy I

I

II

,

,,

Page 5: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

5

Current Scaling

• By scaling the emitter area of Qj by a factor of n with respect to the emitter area of QREF, Icopy,j is scaled by a factor of n with respect to Ifactor of n with respect to IREF.

– This is equivalent to placing n unit‐sized transistors in parallel.

REFjcopy nII ,

Example:  Scaled Currents 

Page 6: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

6

Fractional Scaling

• A fraction of IREF can be created in Q1 by scaling up the emitter area of QREF.

T

XSREF V

VII exp3

T

XScopy V

VII exp

REFcopy II3

1

Example: Different Mirroring Ratios

• Using the concept of current scaling and fractional scaling, Icopy1  = 0.05mA  and Icopy2 = 0.5mA, derived from a single 0 2mA reference current source (I )from a single 0.2mA reference current source (IREF).

Page 7: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

7

Effect of Base Currents

copycopy

REFCREF

I

n

III ,

n

II copy

REFC ,

11

1

n

nII REF

copy

Improved Mirroring Accuracy

• Use QF (rather than IREF) to supply the base currents of QREF and Q1, reduce the mirroring error by a factor of .

copycopy

FEFC

I

n

III ,,

1

12, n

II copy

FB

REFCFBREF III ,,

n

II copy

REFC ,

11

12

n

nII REF

copy

Page 8: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

8

Different Mirroring Ratio Accuracy 

REFCFBREF III ,, 4REFCcopycopy

FC

IIII ,21

, 4

2

1 154

REFcopy

II

2

1,

15

copy

FB

II

2

2 154

10

REF

copy

II

1, copyREFC II

PNP Current Mirror

• A PNP BJT current mirror can be used as a current‐source load for an NPN BJT amplifier stage.

Page 9: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

9

Generation of IREF for a PNP‐BJT Current Mirror

• Neglecting base currents, the currents flowing through QM and QREF2 are the same.

Current Mirror with Discrete BJTs

• If QREF and Q1 are discrete NPN BJTs, IREF and Icopy1 can differ dramatically, due to IS mismatch.

Page 10: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

10

MOS Current Mirror• The motivation behind a current mirror is to duplicate a 

(scaled version of the) “golden current” to other locations.

Current mirror concept Generation of required VGS Current Mirror CircuitryCurrent mirror concept Generation of required VGS Current Mirror Circuitry

1 W 1 W

REF

REFcopy I

LW

LWI

/

/ 11 1

1/

2TH

oxn

REFX V

LWC

IV

22

1THX

REFoxnREF VV

L

WCI

2

11 2

1THXoxncopy VV

L

WCI

MOS Current Mirror – NOT!• This is not a current mirror, because the relationship between 

VX and IREF is not clearly defined.

• The only way to clearly define VX with IREF is to use a diode‐connected MOS since it provides square‐law I‐V relationship. 

Page 11: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

11

Example:  Current Scaling 

• MOS current mirrors can be used to scale IREF up or down – I1 = 0.2mA; I2 = 0.5mA

:0

Impact of Channel‐Length Modulation

0

satDDSTHXoxncopy

VVVVVW

C

VVVVL

WCI

2

,12

11

11

12

1

THTHXREF

oxn

satDGSTHXREF

oxnREF

VVVL

WC

VVVVL

WCI

12

1

12

1

2

,2

THGSDSTHXoxn VVVVVL

C

1

2

1

12

REF

TH

GSDSREF

REFTH

THGSDSREF

REFcopy V

VVI

LW

LW

V

VVVI

LW

LWI

11

/

/

1

1

/

/ 11111

Page 12: (Course Code: EE314) Lecturehome.iitj.ac.in/~sptiwari/EE314/Lecture24_CurrentMirror.pdf · 2018-10-02 · X V C W L I V 2 2 1 X TH REF REF n ox L V W I C 2 1 1 2 1 copy n ox L VX

10/2/2018

12

What next

• Differential Amplifiers