COURSE HANDOUT - Rajagiri School of Engineering … · and cy lin drical type alternators, advantages of stationary armature, turbo-alternator. Armature winding - types ... Parallel

COURSE HANDOUT Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

SEMESTER 4

Period: January 2018 – April 2018

RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Vision of the Institution:

To evolve into a premier technological and research institution, moulding

eminent professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and sound

practical skill, and to shape a future where technology works for the

enrichment of mankind.

Mission of the Institution:

To impart state-of-the-art knowledge to individuals in various technological

disciplines and to inculcate in them a high degree of social consciousness and

human values, thereby enabling them to face the challenges of life with

courage and conviction.

Vision of the Department:

To excel in Electrical and Electronics Engineering education with focus on

research to make professionals with creative minds, innovative ideas and

practical skills for the betterment of mankind.

Mission of the Department:

To develop and disseminate among the individuals, the theoretical

foundation, practical aspects in the field of Electrical and Electronics

ii

Engineering and inculcate a high degree of professional and social ethics for

creating successful engineers.

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

PEO 1: To provide Graduates with a solid foundation in mathematical,

scientific and engineering fundamentals and depth and breadth studies in

Electrical and Electronics engineering, so as to comprehend, analyse, design,

provide solutions for practical issues in engineering.

PEO 2: To strive for Graduates’ achievement and success in the profession or higher studies, which they may pursue.

PEO 3: To inculcate in Graduates professional and ethical attitude, effective

communication skills, teamwork skills, multidisciplinary approach, the life-

long learning needs and an ability to relate engineering issues for a

successful professional career.

Program Outcomes (POs)

Engineering Students will be able to

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics,

science, Engineering fundamentals, and Electrical and Electronics

Engineering to the solution of complex Engineering problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and

analyze complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated

conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences,

and Engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex

Engineering problems and design system components or processes

that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the

iii

public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental

considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based

knowledge and research methods including design of experiments,

analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to

provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,

resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction

and modeling to complex Engineering activities with an

understanding of the limitations.

6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the

contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and

cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the

professional Engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the

professional Engineering solutions in societal and environmental

contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and the need for

sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and

as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary

settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineering

activities with the Engineering Community and with society at large,

such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and

design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and

receive clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to

manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.

12. Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation

and ability to engage in independent and life- long learning in the

broadest context of technological change.

iv

Programme-Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

Engineering Students will be able to:

PSO1: Apply the knowledge of Power electronics and electric drives for the

analysis design and application of innovative, dynamic and challenging

industrial environment.

PSO2: Explore the technical knowledge and development of professional

methodologies in grid interconnected systems for the implementation of

micro grid technology in the area of distributed power system.

PSO3: Understand the technologies like Bio inspired algorithms in

collaboration with control system tools for the professional development

and gain sufficient competence to solve present problems in the area of

intelligent machine control.

v

INDEX

PAGE NO.

I Assignment Schedule vi

1 MA202: Probability Distributions, Transforms And Numerical Methods

1

1.1 Course Information Sheet 2

1.2 Course Plan 8

1.3 Tutorials 9

1.4 Assignments 14

2 EE202: Synchronous & Induction Machines 21


2.2 Course Plan 29

2.3 Tutorials 33

2.4 Assignments 51

3 EE204: Digital Electronics & Logic Design 53


3.2 Course Plan 62

3.3 Tutorials 65

3.4 Assignments 74

4 EE206: Material Science 75


4.2 Course Plan 81

4.3 Assignments 84

5 EE208: Measurements & Instrumentation 85


5.2 Course Plan 92

5.3 Tutorials 96

5.4 Assignments 102

6 HS200: Business Economics 103


6.2 Course Plan 110

6.3 Assignments 112

7 EE232: Electrical Machines Lab I 115


7.2 Course Plan 122

7.3 Lab Cycle 124

7.4 Open Questions 125

7.5 Advanced Questions 128

8 EE234: Circuits & Measurements Lab 129


8.2 Course Plan 134

8.3 Lab Cycle 135

8.4 Open Questions 136

8.5 Advanced Questions 141

vi

I. ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE

SUBJECT DATE

MA202: Probability Distributions,

Transforms And Numerical Methods

Week1

Week 7

EE202: Synchronous & Induction Machines

Week 2

Week 8

EE204: Digital Electronics & Logic Design

Week 3

Week 9

EE206: Material Science

Week 4

Week 10

EE208: Measurements & Instrumentation

Week 5

Week 11

HS200: Business Economics

Week 6

Week 12

Course Handout – S4 EEE – 2017-18

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Page 21

2. EE 202 SYNCHRONOUS & INDUCTION MACHINES



2.1 COURSE INFORMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics

Engg.

DEGREE: BTECH

COURSE: Synchronous and Induction

Machines

SEMESTER:4 CREDITS: 4

COURSE CODE: EE202

REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: Core

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical &

Electronics Engg.

CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial)

hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF

ANY): EE 333

LAB COURSE NAME: Electrical Machines

Lab II

SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I Alternators - basic principle, constructional features of salient pole type and cylindrical type alternators, advantages of stationary armature, turbo-

alternator. Armature winding - types of armature winding- single layer, double layer, full pitched and short pitched winding, slot angle, pitch factor and distribution factor - numerical problems. Effect of pitch factor on

harmonics - advantages of short chorded winding, EMF Equation – numerical problems. Harmonics in generated EMF - suppression of

harmonics.

9

II Performance of an alternator - Causes for voltage drop in alternators – armature resistance, armature leakage reactance - armature reaction, synchronous reactance, synchronous impedance, experimental

determination - phasor diagram of a loaded alternator. Voltage regulation - EMF, MMF, ZPF and ASA methods – numerical problems.

11

III Theory of salient pole machine - Blondel’s two reaction theory - direct

axis and quadrature axis synchronous reactances - phasor diagram and determination of Xd and Xq by slip test.

Parallel operation of alternators - necessity of parallel operation of

alternators, methods of synchronization - dark lamp method and bright lamp method, synchroscope, Synchronising current, synchronising power,

synchronising torque. Effects of changing excitation of alternators, load sharing of two alternators in parallel operation.

10

IV Synchronous motor - construction and principle of synchronous motor, methods of starting. Effects of excitation on armature current and power

factor, v-curve and inverter v-curve, load angle, torque and power relationship, phasor diagram, losses and efficiency calculations.

16



Three phase induction motor - constructional features, slip ring and cage types. Theory of induction motor with constant mutual flux, slip, phasor

diagram, expression for mechanical power and torque, torque-slip characteristics, starting torque, full load and pull out torque, equivalent

circuit.

V Circle diagrams - tests on induction motors for determination of equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Cogging, crawling and noise production in cage motors - remedial measures.

Double cage induction motor - principle, torque-slip curves. Starting of induction motors - types of starters – DOL starter,

autotransformer starter, star-delta starter, rotor resistance starter – starting torque and starting current - numerical problems. Braking of induction motors - plugging, dynamic braking and

regenerative braking (no numerical problems). Speed control - stator voltage control, V/f control, rotor resistance control.

14

VI Induction generator - principle of operation, grid connected and self

excited operation, comparison of induction generator with synchronous generators.

Synchronous induction motor - principle of operation.

Single-phase induction motor - double field revolving theory, equivalent

circuit, torque slip curve. Types of single phase induction motor - split phase, capacitor start, capacitor start and run types. Principle of shaded pole motor – applications.

7

TOTAL HOURS 67

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

T Electrical Machines: P. S. Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

T Theory of AC Machines: D. P. Kothari & I. J. Nagrath, Tata McGraw Hill

R The performance and Design of AC Machines: M.G. Say, CBS Publishers

R Fitzgerald A. E., C. Kingsley and S. Umans, Electric Machinery, 6/e, McGraw Hill, 2003.

R Theory of Alternating Current Machinery: Alexander Langsdorf, Tata Mgraw Hill

R Deshpande M. V., Electrical Machines, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 2011.

R Charles I. Hubert, Electric Machines, Pearson, New Delhi 2007

R Theodore Wilde, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power System, Pearson Ed. Asia 2001.



COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM

BE 101-03 Introduction to Electrical

Engineering

Basics of Electrical Engineering 1

EE205 DC Machines and

Transformers

Fundamentals of DC Machines and Static

AC Machines

3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To give exposure to the students about the concepts of alternating current machines

including the Constructional details, principle of operation and performance analysis.

2 To learn the characteristics of induction machines and to learn how it can be employed for

various applications.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl.

NO:

DESCRIPTION Blooms’ Taxonomy

Level

1 Students will be able to differentiate the different types of

Synchronous machines and types of AC armature windings.

Comprehension

[level 2]

2 Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge on importance of

Voltage regulation of Alternators and how to pre-determine the

voltage regulation of Synchronous machines in laboratory.

Synthesis

[Level 5]

3 Students will be able to acquire knowledge on how Alternators can

be paralleled to Infinite bus and how loads can be shared.

Knowledge

[Level 1]

4 Students will be able to understand all about Synchronous Motors

and applications of various starting methods. Students will be able to

differentiate the different types of Induction machines

Application

[Level 3]

5 Ability to analyse the performance of induction machines inorder to

implement in household and industrial applications.

Analysis

[Level 4]

6 Will acquire knowledge on performance characteristics of

synchronous induction motors relating the features of synchronous machines and induction machines. Ability to differentiate different

types of single phase Induction motors

Comprehension

[level 2]



MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) AND

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3

C 202.1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2

C 202. 2 2 2 2 2 3

C 202. 3 1 2 1 2

C 202. 4 2 1 1 1 2

C 202. 5 2 1 2 2

C 202. 6 2 1 2 2

EE 202 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

Mapping L/H

/M

Justification

C202.1-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,

science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different types of Synchronous machines and types of AC armature windings.

C202.1-PO2 M Students will be able to analyze complex engineering problems using

first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and Engineering sciences.

C202.1-PO3 M Students will acquire knowledge on the design solutions for complex Engineering problems and design system of Alternators that meet the

specified needs with appropriate consideration for the safety and environmental considerations.

C202.1-PO10 H Students will be able to make effective presentation on the given topic.

C202.1-PO11 M Students will get an initiation on the study and understanding of the Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and

in multi disciplinary environments.



C202.1-PO12 L Students will get an initiation to recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- long

learning in the broadest context of technological change.

C202.2-PO1 M Students will be able apply the knowledge of mathematics for the solution of issues related to voltage regulation and losses.

C202.2-PO2 M Students will be able to analyze complex problems related to losses

and efficiency.

C202.2-PO3 M Students will acquire knowledge on the design solutions for complex Engineering problems related to parallel operation of Alternators that

meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for safety and environmental considerations.

C202.2-PO4 M Students will be able to analyze and interpret data in the area of voltage regulation of both Non-Salient and Salient pole Alterntors.

C202.3-PO5 L Students will be able to select, and apply appropriate techniques and modern engineering and IT tools for the paralleling operation of Alternators to infinite bus.

C202.3-PO11 M Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding

of the Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage any

issues related to load sharing.

C202.3-PO12 L Students will be able to recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

C202.4-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different types of Induction & Synchronous Motors and different types of starting

methods.

C202.4-PO3 L Student will acquire knowledge on the design solutions for complex Engineering problems and design system of Synchronous Motors

that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the safety and environmental considerations.

C202.4-PO5 L Student will be able to select and apply appropriate techniques and modern engineering and IT tools for the starting operation of

Synchronous Motors.

C202.4-PO12 L Student will be able to recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life- long

learning in the broadest context of technological change in starting methods of Synchronous Motors.

C202.5-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics,

science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different types of Induction machines, starting and braking schemes.



C202.5-PO8 L Students will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering

practice.

C202.6-PO1 M Students will be able to apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, Engineering fundamentals while studying different types of

Synchronous Induction motors & Single phase Induction motors

C202.6-PO8 L Students will be able to apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the Engineering

practice.

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:

Sl. NO: DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

ACTIONS

1 Excitation schemes for Alternators. Visit to Power stations,

Book on Power System

stability – Vol 3 E.W.

Kimbark

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY

VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL Etc.

TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:

1 Saturated Synchronous reactance method of Voltage regulation

WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:

1 http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_II July 2012

2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

3 http://www.vlab.co.in

DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

CHALK & TALK STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT

ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_II

http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

http://www.vlab.co.in/



STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT

ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES

(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)

ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS

OTHERS

Prepared By Approved by

Ms. Jayasri R. Nair Ms. Santhi B.

HOD



2.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.

No.

Lecture

Plan

Planned

1 Lecture 1 Synchronous Machine: Introduction, Types – Turbo alternators, Rotating

Field & Rotating Armature types

2 Lecture 2 Constructional features of Non Salient pole and Salient pole machines,

Advantages of stationary armature

3 Lecture 3 Basic Principle/Voltage generation, Expression for frequency, Armature

winding - Terms upto Electrical Degree

4 Lecture 4 Armature winding – Terms – phase grouping – Single and Double layer,

Full pitched & Short pitched, slot angle, Coil span factor

5 Lecture 5 Distribution factor, Tutorials

6 Lecture 6 Winding factor, e.m.f equation &. Tutorials Armature winding – Features,

Types

7 Lecture 7 e.m.f equation &. Tutorials

8 Lecture 8 Harmonics in generated e.m.f wave, Effect of pitch factor on harmonics,

Advantages of short pitch winding

9 Lecture 9 Suppression of harmonics, Tutorials

10 Lecture 10 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-

load, Alternator on load

11 Lecture 11 Armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction - upf, lag & lead

12 Lecture 12 Performance of Alternator – Causes for voltage drop - Alternator on no-

load, Alternator on load

13 Lecture 13 Armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction - upf, lag & lead

14 Lecture 14 Synchronous reactance, Synchronous impedance, phasor diagram of a

loaded alternator.



15 Lecture 15 Voltage Regulation - Load & Regulation Characteristics – direct method.

16 Lecture 16 Indirect test - predetermination – e.m.f. method

17 Lecture 17 Tutorials on e.m.f. method

18 Lecture 18 Predetermination of regulation – m.m.f & tutorials.

19 Lecture 19 Predetermination of regulation – Potier method & phasor diagram.

20 Lecture 20 Predetermination of regulation – ASA Method

21 Lecture 21 Predetermination of regulation – Tutorials on Potier & ASA method

22 Lecture 22 Tutorials on Voltage Regulation

23 Lecture 23 Theory of Salient Pole machine and Two-reaction theory

24 Lecture 24 Slip test – measurement of Xd, Xq

25 Lecture 25 Phasor diagram, Tutorials on Slip test, pu system

26 Lecture 26 Parallel operation of Alternators, Necessity, methods for synchronization –

three dark lamp method

27 Lecture 27 Methods for synchronization – two bright & one dark lamp method,

Synchroscope

28 Lecture 28 Synchronizing current, Synchronizing power and torque

29 Lecture 29 Load sharing, Expression for load sharing.

30 Lecture 30 Load sharing - Tutorials

31 Lecture 31 Synchronous machines connected to infinite bus

32 Lecture 32 V-curves – inverted V-curves - Alternator

33 Lecture 33 Synchronous Motor: Introduction & Principles of operation

34 Lecture 34 Starting of Synchronous motors – using SCIM, Pilot exciter.

35 Lecture 35 V-curves & inverted V curves – Synchronous Motor



36 Lecture 36 Load angle, Expression for Power Pm, (Pm) max, Tutorials

37 Lecture 37 Phasor diagrams – Salient & Non salient Motor

38 Lecture 38 Losses and efficiency of synchronous machines & Tutorials

39 Lecture 39 Three phase Induction Motor: Introduction, Advantages, Construction –

Stator Parts

40 Lecture 40 3 Phase IM - Rotor types, Comparison, Symbolic representation

41 Lecture 41 3 Phase IM- Theory of induction motor with constant mutual flux,

Expression for N, slip

42 Lecture 42 Expression for E2 & E2s, Rotor current, frequency of rotor current,

Tutorials

43 Lecture 43 Phasor diagram, expression for mechanical power and Losses and

Efficiency

44 Lecture 44 Expression for Torque, Tutorials on Tdfl to Tdmax

45 Lecture 45 Torque – slip chara, - SQIM & SRIM, pull out torque

46 Lecture 46 Staring torque – SQIM & SRIM , Tutorials on starting torque & power

47 Lecture 47 Equivalent circuit- performance calculation – Power developed

48 Lecture 48 Tutorials

49 Lecture 49 Testing – Stator resistance and locked rotor tests

50 Lecture 50 No load Test, Circle diagram Introduction

51 Lecture 51 Circle diagram – operating characteristics from circle diagram

52 Lecture 52 Tutorials on Circle diagram

53 Lecture 53 Cogging and crawling, Remedial measures, Modes of Operation

54 Lecture 54 Double cage induction motor - principle, torque-slip curves



55 Lecture 55 Starting of three phase squirrel cage induction motor – Direct online starting

& Stator resistance method

56 Lecture 56 Starting - Auto transformer & Star-delta starting

57 Lecture 57 Starting -Rotor resistance starter & Design of rotor rheostat

58 Lecture 58 Tutorials on Starting methods

59 Lecture 59 Braking of induction motors – plugging, dynamic braking and regenerative

braking (no numerical problems)

60 Lecture 60 Speed control - stator voltage control, V/f control

61 Lecture 61 Speed control - rotor resistance contro, tutorials on Speed control

62 Lecture 62 Assignment Test

63 Lecture 63 Induction generator - principle of operation, grid connected IG

64 Lecture64 Induction generator - self excited operation, comparison of induction

generator with synchronous generators.

65 Lecture 65 Synchronous induction motor - principle of operation

66 Lecture 66 Single phase Induction motor – Introduction + Types - Split phase

resistance start, Capacitor start-capacitor run & PSC start

67 Lecture 67 Starting methods – Shaded pole motors, Double Revolving field theory

68 Lecture 68 Equivalent circuit

69 Lecture 69 Single phase Induction motor – Tutorials



2.3 TUTORIALS

MODULE I

1. A 4 pole AC machine has a 3 phase winding wound in 36 slots with coil span 1400E. Compute

the (i) pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor. 2. Find (i) pitch factor (ii) distribution factor (iii) winding factor for a 3 phase 6 pole AC machine

with 72 slots. The coil span is 1 to 10 slots.

3. A 3 phase winding for a 4 pole machine was carried out in 60 slots. The coils are short pitched. i.e. if one coil side lies in slot 1, the other side of the same coil lies in slot 13. Calculate the

winding factor for (i) fundamental (ii) third harmonic and (iii) fifth harmonic frequency waveform.

4. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternator with 3

slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is 1400E. Flux per pole is 0.06Wb.

5. Find the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternator with 2 slots/pole/phase and 4 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is 1500E. Flux per pole is 0.15Wb.

6. Find the number of armature conductors in series for a 11kV, 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternator with 90 slots. Flux per pole is 0.1016Wb.

7. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10 con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.04Wb, sinusoidally distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m. Find the frequency, phase and line e.m.f.

8. A 3 phase 4 pole, 50Hz, Y connected alternator has 60 slots with 2 con/slot and having an armature winding of double layer type. Coils are short pitched, i.e if one coil lies in slot 1, the

other side in slot 13. Find the useful flux/pole required to induce a line voltage of 6.6kV. 9. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 16 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternator with 3

slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is 1400E. Flux per pole has

a fundamental component of 0.06wb and a 20% third harmonic component. 10. A 3 phase, Y connected alternator on open circuit is required to generate a line voltage of

3.4kV, 50Hz when driven at 500 rpm. The stator has 3 slots/pole/phase and 10 con/slot. The coils are short pitched by one slot. Calculate (i) no: of poles (ii) useful flux/pole.

11. Calculate the speed & open circuit line and phase voltages of a 4 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz star

connected alternator with 36 slots, 30 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05 Wb sinusoidally distributed.

12. Calculate the e.m.f induced per phase on no-load of a 10 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz alternator with 3 slots/pole/phase and 6 con/slot placed in two layers. The coil span is 1400E. Flux per pole has a fundamental component of 0.06wb and a 20% third harmonic component.

13. A 3 phase, 16 pole, Y connected Alternator has 240 stator slots with 8 conductors per slot and the conductor of each phase is connected in series. The coil span is 1440E. Determine the phase

and line e.m.f’s if the machine speed is at 375 r.p.m. and the flux per pole is 0.061Wb sinusoidally distributed in the air gap.



14. A 3 phase, 6 pole, Y connected alternator revolves at 1000 r.p.m. The stator has 90 slots and 8

conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05Wb (sinusoidally distributed). Calculate the voltage generated by the machine if the winding factor is 0.96.

15. A 3 phase, 16 pole alternator has a resultant airgap flux of 0.06 Wb per pole. The flux is sinusoidally distributed over the pole. The stator has 2 slots per pole per phase and 4 conductors per slot accommodated in two layers. The coil span is 1500E. Calculate the phase and line

induced voltages when the machine runs at 375 r.p.m. 16. A 3 phase, 50 Hz, 2 pole, Y connected alternator has 54 slots with 4 conductors per slot. The

pitch of the coils is 2 slots less than the pole pitch. If the machine gives 3300V between lines on open circuit with sinusoidal flux distribution, determine the useful flux per pole.

17. A 4 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz, Y connected alternator has 60 slots, with 2 conductors per slot and

having armature winding of the two layer type. Coils are short pitched in such a way that if one coil side lies in slot number 1, the other lies in slot number 13. Determine the useful flux

per pole required to generate a line voltage of 6000V. 18. Find the mechanical and electrical degrees between adjacent poles in a 6 pole electrical

machine.

19. Find the mechanical and electrical degrees between adjacent slots for a 4 pole machine with 36 slots.

20. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10 con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.03Wb, fine distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m. Find the frequency, phase and line e.m.f.

21. The stator of a 3 phase, 16 pole alternator has 144 slots and there are 4 conductors per slot connected in two layers and the conductors of each phase are connected in series. If the speed

of the alternator is 375 rpm, calculate the emf generated per phase. Resultant flux in the air gap is 5x10-2 Webers / pole sinusoidally distributed. Assume coil span 1500.

22. A poly phase stator is wound for 4 poles and has a double layer winding placed in total of 48

slots. Find the distribution factor. 23. A three phase, 8 pole, 750 rpm star connected alternator has 72 slots on the armature. Each slot

has 12 conductors and the winding is short pitched by 2 slots. Find the pitch, distribution and winding factor.

24. Calculate the e.m.f. of a 4 pole, 3 phase, Y connected alternator running at 1500 rpm, flux per

pole 0.1 Wb, total no: of slots = 48, conductors per slot (in two layers) = 4, coil span = 1500. 25. A polyphase stator is wound for 4 poles and has a double layer winding placed in total of 48

slots. Find the distribution factor.

26. A 3 phase 16 pole alternator has a star connected winding with 144 slots and 10 con/slot. Flux per pole is 0.035Wb, sinusoidally distributed and speed is 375 r.p.m. Find the generated e.m.f.

assuming full pitched winding. 27. A 3 phase, 50Hz, 10 pole star connected alternator has 2 slots/pole/phase and 4 conductors per

slot in two layers. The coil span is 1500E. Flux per pole has a fundamental component of 0.12

Wb and a 20% third harmonic component. Find the line e.m.f. generated.



MODULE II

1. The magnetization curve of a 400V, 50Hz, star connected non-salient pole alternator is given by the following data.

IF (A): 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 OC Volt (V): 266 344 377 422 450 481 505 The rated current of 100A is obtained on short circuit by a field current of 2A. Calculate the full

load regulation at 0.8 p.f lagging. Neglect armature resistance. Use synchronous impedance method.

2. A 3.3kV alternator gave the following test results. IF (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70 OC Volt (kV): 1.55 2.45 3.3 3.75 4.15

A field current of 18A is found to cause the FL current to flow through the winding during short circuit. Pre-determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag and lead by m.m.f method.

3. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2000V, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results. IF (A): 10 20 30 40 50 OC Volt (V): 800 1500 2000 2350 2600

SC (A) - 200 300 - - The effective armature resistance is 0.4Ω. Estimate the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag and

lead by ampere-turn method. 4. The no-load excitation of a non-salient pole alternator required to give rated voltage is 90A.

In a short circuit test, with full load current flowing in the armature, the field excitation was

70A. Determine the excitation that will be required to give full load current at 0.8 p.f lag at rated voltage.

5. From the following test results, determine the voltage regulation of a 2000V, 1φ alternator delivering a load current of 100A, at 0.8p.f leading. Test results: An excitation of 2.5A produces a current of 100A in the stator winding on short circuit and an e.m.f of 500V on open

circuit. Assume Ra=0.8Ω. 6. A 1000kVA, 11kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 2 Ω per

phase. The OCC and z.p.f lag characteristics for FL current are given below. Pre-determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag by z.p.f method.

IF (A) : 20 25 55 70 90

OC Volt (kV) : 5.8 7 12.5 13.75 15 V (kV) for zpf: 0 1.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 7. A 3 phase Y connected, 1500kVA, 6.6kV, 50Hz alternator has synchronous impedance of

(0.4+j6) Ω per phase. It supplies rated current at 0.8 pf lag and normal rated voltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at 0.8p.f leading.

8. A 500V, 50kVA, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.2 Ω per phase. A field current of 10A produces an armature current of 150A on SC and an e.m.f of 450V on OC. Calculate the voltage regulation at 85% load, 0.8 p.f lag.

9. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at normal speed.

IF (A) : 10 20 25 30 40 OC Volt (V) : 800 1500 1760 2000 2350



With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 20A to circulate 200A. Ra=0.755

Ω per phase. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and u.p.f. 10. A 3 phase Y connected, 2000kVA, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at

normal speed. IF (A) : 14 18 23 30 43 OC Volt (V) : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 16A to circulate FL current. Ra=1.5Ω across 2 terminals. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and u.p.f.

11. A 3 phase Y connected, alternator required a field current of 4A to give an OC voltage of 415V. A field current of 3A gives a current of 100A in the armature on SC. Find the field current when the machine supplies a load of 415V, 80A at a lagging p.f of 0.8. Assume both

OCC and SCC to be linear through the origin. Ra=0.2Ωper phase. 12. A 5000kVA, 6.6kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.075 Ω per

phase. Estimate by zpf method the regulation for a load of 500A at p.f (i) unity (ii) 0.9leading (iii) 0.71 lagging from the following OCC and zpf FL curves.

IF (A) : 32 50 75 100 140 OC Volt (kV) : 3100 4900 3810 7500 8300

V (kV) for zpf: 0 1850 4250 5800 7000 13. A 3 phase Y connected, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at normal speed. IF (A) : 14 18 23 30 43

OC Volt (V) : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 17 A to circulate FL current and

when the m/c is supplying FL 2000kVA at zpf, the field current is 42.5A at rated terminal voltage of 6000V. Determine the FL regulation at u.p.f & 0.8p.f lag.

14. A 5000kVA, 2 pole, 50Hz alternator has a rated line voltage of 4160V. The open circuit

characteristics is If(A): 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Line Voltage (V):1250 2500 3650 4450 4950 5150 5300 5440 5530 5600 When the alternator terminals are short circuited, a field current of 84A is required to circulate

full-load current. Use m.m.f. method to find regulation at full load, rated voltage and power

factors of (a) unity (b) 0.8 lagging. The alternator is star connected. Neglect armature resistance.

15. The open circuit characteristics of a 6 pole, 440V, 50Hz, 3 phase, star connected alternator is

as under: If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14

E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 A field current of 7A is required to circulate full-load rated armature current of 40A under

short circuit conditions. The field current for rated terminal voltage under full-load zero power

conditions is 15A. The armature resistance is 0.2 ohms per phase. Find regulation at full load current of 40A at 0.8pf lagging power factor, using Potier method.

16. The open circuit, short circuit and FL zero p.f. tests on a 6 pole 440V, 50 Hz 3 phase Y connected alternator is shown below:



If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18

E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 - - SC line current (A) 11 22 34 40 46 57 69 80 - -

ZPF terminal - - - 0 80 206 314 398 460 504 Voltage (V) Find the regulation at Full load at 40A at rated voltage and 0.8 p.f. lagging by ZPF method.

The effective resistance between any two terminals is 0.3 Ω.

17. A 1500 kVA, 6600 V, 3 phase Y connected alternator with a resistance of 0.4 Ω and a reactance of 6 Ω per phase, delivers FL current at 0.8 p.f. lagging, and at normal rated voltage. Estimate the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current at 0.8.f. leading.

18. A 100 kVA, 2300 V, delta connected polyphase alternator has an effective resistance per phase of 4 Ω and armature reactance per phase of 11 Ω. At rated load, find the generated voltage for (i) u.p.f. (ii) 0.8 leading p.f.

19. A 3 phase, Y connected alternator supplies a load of 10 MW at p.f. of 0.85 lagging and at 11 kV (terminal Voltage). Its resistance is 0.1 Ω per phase and Synchronous reactance 0.66 Ω per phase. Calculate the line value of generated e.m.f.

20. A 10 MVA, 3 phase Y connected 11kV, 2 pole tubo-alternator has a synchronous impedance

of (0.0145+j0.05) ohms per phase. The various losses in the generator are as follows: Open circuit core loss at 1100V = 90 kW Windage and Friction loss = 50 kW

Short circuit load loss at 525A = 220 kW Field Winding Resistance = 3 Ohm Field Current = 175A

Ignoring the change in field current, compute the efficiency at (i) rated load 0.8 p.f. and (ii) half load at 0.9 p.f. lagging

21. A three phase, 50 Hz, 100kVA, 3000 V star connected alternator has armature resistance of

0.3 Ω per phase. A field current of 40A produces short circuit current of 200A and a line e.m.f. of 1050 V on open circuit. Calculate the full load voltage regulation at 0.8 p.f. leading.

22. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200 at 400V. The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω . Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature resistance.

23. Following test results are obtained on a 6600 V alternator. OC Voltage (V): 3100 4900 6600 7500 8300 Field Current (A): 16 25 37.5 50 70

A field current of 20 A is found necessary to circulate FL current on SC of the armature. Calculate % VR at FL, 0.8pf lag using (i) e.m.f. method (ii) m.m.f. method. Neglect armature

resistance and leakage reactance. Take necessary assumptions. 24. A three phase star connected alternator is rated at 1.6MVA, 13,500V. The armature effective

resistance and synchronous reactance are 2 Ω and 30 Ω respectively per phase. Calculate the percentage voltage regulation for a load of 1.2MW at 0.8 p.f. leading.

25. A 220V, 50 Hz, 6 pole, Y connected alternator with resistance 0.06 Ω per phase gave the following data for open circuit and Short circuit characteristics. Find the



Find the percentage Voltage Regulation at ¾ th Full load, 0.8 p.f. lag. The FL current is 40A. Use e.m.f. method.

MODULE III

1. The slip test was performed on a 3 phase, 415V star connected syn. m/c. The armature fluctuates between 4.5A and 7A and the fluctuation in the voltmeter connected across the lines is between 87V and 98V. Estimate the direct axis and quadrature axis reactances. Ra=0.8Ω

2. A 100kVA, 6.6kV, Y connected 3 phase salient pole alternator with Xd=22Ω and Xq=12Ω deliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f.

3. A 3 phase Y connected alternator supplies a current of 10A having phase angle 200 lagging at 400V. Find the load angle and components Id and Iq if Xd =10Ω and Xq=6.5 Ω. Neglect Ra.

4. A 5kVA, 220V, 3 phase Y connected salient pole alternator with Xd=12Ω and Xq=7Ω deliver FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.

5. A salient pole syn. generator has the following pu parameters. Xd=1.1pu and Xq=0.7pu,

Ra=0.04pu. Calculate the excitation e.m.f in pu when the generator delivers rated kVA at 0.8p.f lagging and at rated terminal voltage. Also find the voltage regulation.

6. A 3 phase 1500 rpm, 50Hz alternator has Xd=0.7pu and Xq=0.4pu. For FL and 0.8p.f lag, obtain

load angle and no-load pu voltage. 7. A salient pole syn. generator has Xd=1.2pu and Xq=0.8pu and Ra=0.03pu. Calculate percentage

voltage regulation on FL and at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging. 8. A 50Hz, 3 phase, 480V delta connected salient pole alternator has Xd=0.1Ω and Xq=0.075Ω.

The generator is supplying 1200A at 0.8p.f lagging. Find the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.

9. A 10 kVA, 380 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase, Y connected Salient pole alternator has direct and quadrature axis reactances of 12 Ω and 8 Ω respectively. The armature has a resistance of 1 Ω per phase. The generator delivers rated load at 0.8 p.f. lag, with terminal voltage being maintained at rated value. If the load angle is 16.150, determine the direct axis and quadrature axis component of armature current and excitation voltage.

10. A Salient pole synchronous machine with 4 pole ac winding is charged coupled to a prime mover and excited with a current of 50 Hz frequency. The rotor winding is open. The per phase voltage and current for a phase of machine are 30 V, 25 V, 10 A and 6.5 A. Find Xd and Xq

11. A Salient pole synchronous machine with 4 pole a.c winding is charge coupled to a prime mover and excited with a current of 50Hz frequency. The rotor winding is open. The per phase

voltage and current for a phase of machine are 30V, 25V, 10A and 6.5A. Calculate Xd and Xq. 12. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200 at 400V.

The direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω . Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature resistance.

13. An alternator has a direct axis synchronous reactance of 0.8 p.u. and quadrature axis

synchronous reactance 0f 0.5 p.u. Draw the phasor diagram for Full Load at lagging p.f. 0.8.

If (A) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3

OC (V) 29 58 87 116 146 172 194 232 261.5 284 300

SC (A) 6.6 13.2 20 26.5 32.4 40 46.3 59



Find the p.u. value of open circuit Voltage with full load excitation. Neglect armature

resistance and saturation. 14. A 3.5MVA slow speed three phase Synchronous generator rated for 6.6kV has 32 poles. Its

direct and quadrature synchronous reactance as measured by slip test are 9.6 Ω and 6 Ω respectively. Neglecting armature resistance, determine the Voltage regulation and excitation e.m.f. needed to maintain 6.6 kV at its terminals when supplying a load of 2.5 MW at 0.8 p.f.

lag. PARALLEL OPERATION

1. Two exactly similar turbo-alternators are rated at 25MW each. They are running in parallel. The speed load characteristics of the driving turbines are such that the frequency of alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50 Hz on no-load to 48Hz on full load, and that of alternator 2 from

50Hz to 48.5Hz. How will the 2 machines share a load of 30MW? What maximum load can be supplied without overloading each of them?

2. Two similar 1500 kVA Alternators operate in parallel. Their prime mover characteristics are such that the frequency of Alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50.5 Hz on no load to 49 Hz on full load and that of Alternator 2 from 50 Hz to 48 Hz. How will the two Alternators share a

load of 2250 Kw? 3. Two parallel running alternators have e.m.f.s of 1000V per phase. The synchronous

impedances are (0.1+j 2.0) ohm and (0.2+j 3.2) ohm. They supply a load of (2 +jl) ohm per phase. Find their terminal voltage, load currents, power outputs and no-load circulating current for a phase difference of 10 electrical degrees.

4. Two alternators working in parallel supply a common load of (300 +j400)kVA. One Alternator is load to 200 kW at 0.8 pf lagging. What is the load shared by other Alternator? Also determine

the p.f. of the second alternator. 5. Two identical 3- phase, Y-connected generators, operating in parallel, share a total load of 750

kW at 6000V and p.f . 0.8. Each machine supplies half the power initially. The synchronous

impedance of each machine is (2.5 + j50) per phase. The field of first generator is excited so that the armature current is 40A lagging. Find (i) the armature current of the second machine

(ii) the power factor of each machine and (iii) the e.m.f. of each machine. 6. An impedance of (10 + j5) ohm is supplied from two alternators A and B connected on parallel.

The induced e.m.f s of each machine is 220V and EA leads EB by 200. The equivalent

synchronous impedances of two machines are ZA = (0.2 + j3) ohm and ZB = (0.25 + j4) ohm. Determine the current and power delivered by each machine and also the total load current and

power. 7. Two similar alternators operating in parallel have the following data: Alternator 1 – capacity 799 kW, frequency drops from 50 Hz at no-load to 48.5 Hz at FL.

Alternator 2 – capacity 700 kW, frequency drops from 50.5 Hz at no-load to 48 Hz at FL Speed regulation is linear for the prime movers.

(i) Calculate how a total load of 1200 kW is shared between the alternators. Also find the operating frequency. (ii) Compute the maximum load that these two units can deliver without overloading either of them.

8. Two alternators A and B are operating in parallel on no-load have the following data:



Capacity of machine A – 100 MW and that of machine B – 75 MW. Speed regulation linear in

each case. For alternator A, speed drop from NL to FL = 3%. For alternator B also, speed drop from NL to FL = 3%. Calculate the load shared and the bus frequency, when the total load is

125 MW. No-load frequency is 50 Hz. 9. Two alternators A and B operate in parallel and supply a load of 8MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging. The

power output of A is adjusted to 5000 kW by changing its steam supply and its p.f. is adjusted

to 0.9 lagging by changing its excitation. Find the p.f. of the alternator B. 10. Two similar 20 MW alternators operate in parallel. The speed load characteristics of the driving

turbines are such that the frequency of alternator 1 drops uniformly from 50 Hz on no-load to 48Hz on full load, and that of alternator 2 from 50Hz to 48.5Hz. How will the 2 machines share a load of 30MW?

MODULE IV

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

1. A 400 V, 3 phase star connected Synchronous motor takes 5 kW at normal voltage and has

an impedance of (1 + j9) ohms per phase. Calculate the current and pf, if the induced e.m.f is 475 V.

2. A 2200V, three phase star connected Synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.22 ohm and a

reactance of 2.4 ohm per phase. The motor is operating at 0.6 p.f. lead with a current of 180A. Determine the generated e.m.f per phase.

3. A 150kW, 2.3kV, 3 phase, 50Hz, 1000 rpm Synchronous motor has Xd= 32 ohm and Xq= 22 ohm per phase. Calculate the torque developed by the motor, if the field excitation is so adjusted so as to make the back e.m.f. twice the applied voltage. Load angle = 180.

4. A 600 V, 6 pole, three phase star connected Synchronous motor has a Synchronous impedance of (0.4 + j 7) ohm. It takes a current of 15 A at u.p.f., when operating with a

certain field current. With the field current remaining constant, the load torque is increased until the motor draws a current of 50A. Find the torque developed and the new power factor.

5. A 6600V, star connected 3- phase Synchronous motor works at constant voltage and

excitation. Its Synchronous reactance is 20 ohm per phase when input power is 1000kW and p.f 0.8 lead. Resistance may be neglected. Find the load angle and p.f when the input is

increased to 1500kW. 6. A 415V, 3 phase, star connected Synchronous motor gives a net output mechanical power of

7.5 kW and operates at 0.8 pf leading. Its effective resistance per phase is 0.9 ohm. If the

iron, friction and field copper losses are 125W, 75W and 100W respectively, estimate the current drawn by the motor and overall efficiency.

7. A 6600V star connected 3-phase Synchronous motor works at constant voltage and constant excitation. Its Synchronous impedance is (2.0+ j20) ohm per phase, when the input 1000kW the p.f. is 0.8 leading. Find the p.f when the input is increased to 1500kW.

8. A 2200V, star connected Synchronous motor has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm and Synchronous reactance of 2.2 ohm per phase. The input is 800 kW at rated voltage and

induced e.m.f is 2500V. Calculate line current and power factor.



9. A 1500kW, 3 phase Y connected, 3.3kV Synchronous Motor has reactances of Xd = 5 ohm

and Xq= 3 ohm per phase. All losses are neglected. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. when the motor is supplying rated load at unity p.f. Also calculate maximum mechanical power that

the motor can supply with the excitation held constant at this value. 10. A 75 kW, 400V, 4 pole, 3 phase, Y connected Synchronous Motor has a resistance and

reactance per phase of 0.04 ohm and 0.4 ohm resp. Compute Full load 0.8 p.f. lead, the open

circuit e.m.f. per phase and gross mechanical power developed. Assume an efficiency of 92.5%.

11. A star connected Synchronous Motor rated 187 kVA, three phase, 2300V, 47A, 50 Hz., 187.5 r.p.m. has an effective resistance of 1.5 ohm and reactance of 20 ohm per phase. Determine the power developed internally by the motor when it is operating at rated current and 0.8 p.f.

leading. 12. A 2000V, star connected Synchronous motor has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm and

Synchronous reactance of 2.2 ohm per phase. The input is 800 kW at rated voltage and induced e.m.f is 2500V. Calculate line current and power factor.

13. A 750kW, 11kV, 3 phase, Y connected Synchronous Motor has a synchronous reactance of

35 Ohm / phase and negligible resistance. Determine the excitation e.m.f. per phase when the motor is operating on Full load at 0.8 p.f. leading and when operated with 93% efficiency.

14. A 2.3 kV, 3 phase star connected Synchronous Motor has Zs = (0.2 + j2.2) Ω. The motor is operating at 0.5 pf leading with a line current of 200A. Determine the generated e.m.f. per phase.

INDUCTION MOTORS

1. A 12 pole, 3 phase alternator is coupled to an engine running at 500 r.p.m. It supplies an Induction motor which has a full load speed of 1440 r.p.m. Find the slip and no: of poles of the motor?

2. The frequency of emf in the stator of a 4 pole Induction Motor is 50 Hz and that in the rotor is 1.5Hz. What is the slip and at what speed the motor is running?

3. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, Induction Motor has a slip of 1% at no-load and 3% at Full load. Determine (a) Synchronous speed (b) no-load speed (c) full load speed (d) frequency of rotor current at standstill (e) frequency of rotor current at full load.

4. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a shaft torque of 108.3 Nm at full load and running at 970 rpm. Calculate (i) rotor copper loss (ii) power input to the rotor. Mechanical losses account for 120W.

5. A 415V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a torque of 101.6 Nm at 1410 r.p.m. with a p.f. of 0.87 when the supply frequency is 48.5 Hz. If the mechanical torque lost in

friction is 4 Nm and stator losses total 950W, find the (i) slip (ii) rotor copper loss (iii) Input power (iv) Line Current

6. A 3.3kV, 20 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance and standstill reactance

of 0.014Ω and 0.113Ω per phase respectively. Calculate (a) speed at which torque developed is maximum (b) the ratio of FL torque to maximum torque, if FL torque is delivered at 288

r.p.m.



7. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 580V, 50 Hz, Induction Motor develops 20 hp at 950 rpm with a pf of 0.86.

The mechanical losses total 1 hp. Calculate for this load (i) rotor copper loss (ii) torque output in Nm. (iii) Line current. Assume stator loss (total) – 1kW.

8. The power input to a 500V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 975 r.p.m is 40kW. Stator losses total 1 kW and Mechanical losses total 2 kW. Calculate the (a) slip (b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ of the motor (d) power output (e) shaft torque.

9. An Induction Motor has an ŋ of 90% when the load is 50 hp. At this load, the stator copper loss, rotor copper loss and iron loss are all equal. The mechanical losses are one third of the

iron loss. Calculate the slip. 10. A 3000V, 24 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase, Y connected Induction Motor has a slip ring rotor of

resistance 0.016 Ω and standstill reactance of 0.265 Ω per phase. Full load torque is obtained at a speed of 247 rpm. Calculate the (i) the ratio of maximum torque to full load torque (ii) speed at maximum torque. Neglect stator impedance

11. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs on FL with a slip of 4%. Given the rotor standstill impedance per phase as (0.01+j0.05) Ω. Calculate the available maximum torque in terms of FL torque. Also determine the speed at which maximum torque occurs.

12. The power input to a 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor is 42 kW, the speed being 1455 r.p.m. The stator losses are 1.2 kW and mechanical losses are 1.8 kW. Find (a) the rotor input

(b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ 13. A 8 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor has a standstill rotor impedance per phase

as (0.04+j0.15) Ω. Find the speed at which maximum torque occurs. 14. The power input to a 3 phase Induction Motor is 60kW. The Stator losses total to1 kW. Find

the total mechanical power developed and the rotor copper loss per phase, if the motor is

running with a slip of 3%. 15. A 440V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor delivers a mechanical load of 15 kW at 950

r.p.m with a p.f. of 0.84. The mechanical losses total 0.75 kW. Calculate for this load the

following quantities. (a) slip (b) the rotor copper loss (c) the input if the stator losses total 1.5 kW (d) the line current.

16. A 6 pole, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 30kW including mechanical losses of 2 kW at a speed of 950 rpm on 550V, 50 Hz mains. The pf is 0.88. Calculate (i) slip (ii) rotor copper loss (iii) total input if stator losses are 200W (iv) the line current.

17. The power input to the rotor of a 3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole, Slip ring Induction Motor is 40kW and the motor runs at 960 rpm. The rotor resistance per phase is 0.25 Ω. Determine the rotor current per phase.

18. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 5 kW at 950 r.p.m. What is the stator input and ŋ if stator loss is 300 W. Assume mechanical losses as 0.25kW.

19. A 3 phase Induction Motor with star connected rotor has an induced emf of 65V between the slip rings at standstill on open circuit with normal voltage applied to the stator. The resistance and standstill reactance of rotor per phase are 0.7 Ω and 3.5 Ω respectively. Calculate the current per phase in the rotor winding when (a) the slip rings are short circuited at standstill (b) the slip rings are connected to a star connected rheostat of 4 Ω per phase and (c) slip rings are short circuited with 4% slip at running condition.



20. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor with a star connected rotor has 3 slip rings

brought out to the terminal box. The induced e.m.f between slip rings is 60V on open circuit at standstill condition with 400V, 50 Hz applied to the stator. The resistance and standstill

reactance of each rotor per phase are 0.6 Ω and 4 Ω respectively. Calculate the current per phase in the rotor (a) at standstill when the rotor is connected to a star connected impedance with resistance 5 Ω and reactance 2 Ω per phase and (b) when running short circuited with a slip of 4%.

21. The power input to the rotor of a 400V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 3 phase slip ring induction motor is 75

kW. The rotor e.m.f makes 100 complete alternations per minute. Calculate (a) the rotor speed (b) mechanical power developed (c) rotor resistance per phase, if the rotor current is 60A.

22. A 400V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase star connected Induction motor has the following per phase

parameters referred to stator. R1 = 0.6 Ω, X1 = 1.1 Ω, R2’ = 0.3 Ω, X2

’ = 0.5 Ω, X0 = 25 Ω. The mechanical losses are 1000W and stator core losses are 500W. The slip is 3%. Using

approximate equivalent circuit, find (i) speed (ii) stator current (iii) stator pf (iv) power input to rotor (v) gross torque (vi) shaft torque (vii) efficiency (viii) rotor copper loss / phase. Neglect R0.

23. A 500V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor has a stator impedance per phase of (0.05+j0.20) Ω. The equivalent rotor impedance at standstill is the same. The magnetizing current is 50A and the core loss is 2000W. The mechanical loss is 750W. Calculate the output, input and p.f at a rotor speed of 1470 r.p.m.

24. A 400 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has a star connected stator whose impedance

is represented by (0.5+j1.5) Ω. The equivalent resistance and standstill leakage reactance of the rotor referred to the stator phase are 1 Ω and 2 Ω respectively. Determine the current drawn from the supply and torque in synchronous watts when the motor is running at a speed of 1400 r.p.m.

25. A 400V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the following results on

no-load and short circuit tests. No-load Test (line values) 400V 3A 645W

Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 12A 1660W The friction and windage losses amount to 183W. Determine the working and the magnetizing components of no-load current, no-load p.f., no-load resistance Ro and reactance Xo, equivalent

resistance and reactance per phase as referred to primary, power factor on short circuit and short circuit current with normal applied voltage of 400V across the stator. Stator resistance may be assumed to be 5 Ω. Also draw the appr. equivalent ckt. referred to stator.

26. A 6 pole, 3 phase Induction Motor develops 30 hp including mechanical losses of 2 hp at a speed of 950 rpm on a 550V, 50 Hz mains. The pf is 0.88. Calculate for this load (i) slip (ii)

rotor copper loss (iii) total input if the stator losses are 2000W (iv) efficiency (v) line current (vi) no. of complete cycles per minute for the rotor emf.

27. A 3 phase 500V, 50 Hz Induction Motor with 6 poles gives an output of 20kWbat 950 r.p.m

with a p.f. of 0.8. The mechanical losses total 1 kW. Calculate for this load the following quantities. (a) slip (b) the rotor copper loss (c) the input if the stator losses total 1500W (d) the

line current.



28. A 3 phase Induction Motor with star connected rotor has an induced emf of 85V between the

slip rings at standstill on open circuit. The rotor has resistance and reactance of 1 Ω and 4 Ω per phase respectively. Calculate the rotor current and power factor when (a) the slip rings are

short circuited (b) the slip rings are connected to a star connected rheostat of 3 Ω per phase. 29. A 400 V, 40 hp, 50Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor gave the following test data:

No-load test: 400 V, 20 A, 1200 W

Blocked Rotor test: 100V, 45A, 2750 W Stator DC resistance per phase is 0.01 Ω. The ratio of ac to dc resistance is 1.5. Friction and

windage loss is 300 W. Calculate the circuit elements of the approximate equivalent circuit of the motor.

MODULE V

CIRCLE DIAGRAM

1. A 20 h.p., 400V, 50 Hz, three phase star connected Induction Motor gave the following test

results. Assume 4 pole. No load Test : 400V 9A p.f. – 0.2

Blocked rotor test : 200V 50A p.f. – 0.4 Stator and rotor copper losses were equal in the blocked rotor test. Draw the circle diagram

and determine at Full load (i) Line Current (ii) p.f. (iii) Speed (iv) Efficiency

2. Draw the circle diagram of a three phase delta connected 30hp, 500V, 4 pole, 50 Hz Cage Induction Motor. The figures given below give the measurements of line current and voltage

and readings of 2 wattmeters. No load test : 500V 8.3A +2.85kW -1.35kW Block rotor test : 100V 32A -0.75kW +2.35kW.

Find from circle diagram for FL (i) Line current (ii) Power factor (iii) Efficiency (iv) Max.O/P

3. A 5 h.p., 220V 6 pole three phase squirrel Cage Induction Motor having Y connected Stator yielded the following test results.

No load Test : 220V 5.25A 460W

Blocked rotor test : 110V 16A p.f. 0.4 The a.c. resistance of the stator winding per phase is 0.6 Ω. Draw the equivalent circuit of the

motor for a slip of 3% assuming the standstill rotor reactance is equal to that of the stator. Also find the efficiency.

4. A 400 V, 3 phase, 6 pole, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.

No load Test : 400V 7A 0.15 pf. Blocked rotor test : 200V 38A 0.35 pf.

The stator is delta connected and the resistance between two terminals is 1Ω. Determine the Out put, Torque developed in Nm and Efficiency when the input current is 25A.

5. A 400V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the following results on

no-load and short circuit tests.



No-load Test (line values) 400V 8A 0.16 p.f.

Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 39A 0.36 p.f. Determine the mechanical output, torque and slip when the motor draws a current of 30A from

the mains. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal. 6. The following test results relates to a 30kW, 500V, 6 pole, 3 phase, 50 Hz delta connected

induction motor.

No-load Test 500V 18A 1.2 kW Short circuit Test 250V 100A 11 kW

Stator resistance per phase is 0.6 Ω. Construct the circle diagram and find (a) line current, p.f. and slip at FL and (b) the maximum output

7. The real power input to a 415V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 970 r.p.m

is 41kW. The input pf is 0.9. Stator losses amount to 1.1 kW and Mechanical losses total 1.2 kW. Calculate the (a) Line current (b) slip (c) rotor copper loss (d) Mechanical power output

(e) ŋ of the motor (f) Torque. 8. A 415V, 50 Hz, delta connected 3 phase induction Motor gave the following test results:

No load Test : 415V 9.1A 1,200 W

Blocked rotor test : 120V 16.8A 1,470 W Stator resistance per phase = 2.51 Ω. Find the parameters of the equivalent circuit. 9. A 415 V, 29.84kW, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results.

No load Test : 415V 21A 1,250 W Blocked rotor test : 100V 45A 2,730 W

Construct the circle diagram and determine (i) Line current, p.f. and efficiency for the rated output (ii) Maximum torque and corresponding slip. Assume stator and rotor copper losses

equal at standstill. 10. A 400 V, 3 phase, 50Hz, Star connected Induction motor gave the following test results.

No load Test : 400V 8.5A 1,100 W

Blocked rotor test : 180V 45A 5,799 W Calculate the line current & power factor at 4% slip. The stator resistance per phase is0.5 Ω.

11. The following are the test results on a 440V, 18.65 kW, 4 pole, three phase delta connected Induction Motor.:

No-load test: 440V, 7.5A, 1050W

Blocked Rotor test: 100V, 32A, 2000W Draw the circle diagram and determine:

(a) Line current, efficiency and power factor for full load output

(b) Starting torque and maximum torque Assume ratio of stator copper loss to rotor copper loss at standstill is 7:6.

SPEED CONTROL AND SRTARTING

1. A fractional kW three phase Induction Motor has its blocked rotor current at normal voltage 6 times the FL current and FL slip is 5%. Estimate the starting current and starting torque

developed if stator resistance starter is used to reduce the applied voltage to 60% of normal value.

2. Estimate approximately the starting torque of a three phase Induction motor in terms of its FL torque when started by means of (i) an autotransformer starter with 60% tapping and (ii) a star



delta starter. The motor draws 6 times the FL current when switched ON directly and FL slip

is 4%. 3. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz Induction Motor takes 40A at full load of 1440 rpm, and develops a

torque of 100Nm at Full load. The starting current at rated voltage is 200A. What is the starting torque? If a star-delta starter is used, what is the starting torque and starting current? Neglect magnetizing current.

4. Calculate the values of resistance elements of a 4 step starter for a three phase 400V Wound rotor Induction Motor. The FL slip is 3% and the maximum starting current is limited to FL

value. Rotor resistance per phase is 0.015Ω. 5. A 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has its rotor winding resistance as 0.22Ω

/ phase and runs at 1440 rpm on full load. Calculate the approximate value of resistance to be

added to the rotor circuit / phase so as to reduce the speed by 15% with the same torque developed.

6. A 3 phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, Induction Motor when fully loaded, runs with a slip of 3%. Find the value of resistance necessary in series per phase of the motor to reduce the speed by 10%. Assume that the resistance of the rotor per phase is 0.2 Ω. (Assume same torque developed)

7. A 4 pole, 50Hz, 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor is cumulatively cascaded with a 6 pole Induction motor. Determine the frequency of the rotor current in the two motors and their slip

referred to respective stator field if the set has a slip of 3%. 8. The rotor of a 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a resistance of 0.3 Ω per phase and

runs at 1440 rpm at full load. Calculate the value of external resistance per phase which must

be added to lower the speed to 1320 rpm, the torque being the same as before. 9. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a rotor winding resistance of 0.08 Ω

per phase. If its stalling speed is 800 rpm, find approximately the value of external resistance to be added in the rotor resistance starter to obtain maximum torque at starting.

10. Determine the suitable tapping on an auto transformer starter for an Induction Motor required

to start the motor with 36% of the full load torque. The short circuit current of the motor is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 4%. Also determine the current in the supply

leads as a percentage of full load current. 11. A 3 phase Squirrel cage Induction motor has a starting current 175% of full load line current

and develops 35% of full load torque when operated by a star-delta starter. What should be

the starting torque and current if an auto transformer starter with 80% tapping is employed? 12. A 3 phase Squirrel cage Induction motor takes 150% of full load line current and develops

30% of full load torque at starting, when operated by a star-delta starter. What should be the

starting torque and current if an auto transformer starter with 80% tapping is employed? 13. A Slip ring Induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.03 Ω and a standstill reactance of 0.12

Ω. Find approximately the value of external resistance to be added to the rotor resistance starter in order to develop maximum torque at starting.

14. Calculate the steps in a 5 section rotor starter of a 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor, for which

the starting current should not exceed the full load current, the full load slip is 1.8% and rotor resistance is 0.015 Ω per phase.

15. Calculate the steps in a 4 section rotor starter of a 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor, from the following data:



Max. starting current = FL current; FL slip = 0.04; Rotor resistance per phase = 0.075 Ω. 16. A 5 step starter for a Slip ring IM is to be designed. The resistance per phase of the rotor is

0.05 Ω and the slip on full load is 3%. The motor is to be started with maximum current equal

to full load current. Calculate the resistance in each of the 5 steps of the starter. 17. Design the 5 sections of a 6 stud starter for a three phase Wound rotor IM. The slip at full load

is 2% and the starting current is 1.5 times the full load current. The rotor resistance is 0.2 Ω per phase.

18. Determine the starting torque of a three phase IM in terms of full load torque when started by

means (i) star delta starter (ii) auto transformer with 50% tapping. Ignore magnetizing current. The short circuit current of the motor at normal voltage is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 5%.

19. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance of three phase IM are respectively 0.015 Ω and 0.09 Ω per phase. At normal voltage, full load slip is 3 %. Estimate the percentage reduction in stator voltage to develop full load torque at one half of full load speed. What is then the p.f.?

20. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase of a three phase IM are respectively

0.02 Ω and 0.11 Ω per phase. At normal voltage, full load slip is 4 %. Estimate the percentage reduction in stator voltage to develop full load torque at one half of full load speed. Also

calculate the rotor p.f. 21. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, slip ring Induction motor is running at 3% slip when developing full

load torque. Its rotor winding resistance and standstill reactance are 0.12 Ω and 0.6 Ω per phase respectively. For the same torque developed, calculate the speed of the motor if an external resistance of 0.5 Ω per phase is added in the rotor circuit.

22. A 6 pole, 3 phase, 50Hz, slip ring Induction motor is cumulatively cascaded with a 4 pole motor. The rotor circuit frequency of the 4 pole motor is found to be 2 Hz. Determine the slip in each motor and the combined set speed.

23. A Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor has maximum torque equal to twice the full load torque. Determine the ratio of motor Starting Torque to its Full Load Torque, if it is started by

(i) DOL Starter (ii) Star / Delta Starter (iii) Auto Transformer starter with 70% tap. 24. Determine the starting torque of a three phase Induction Motor in terms of full load torque

when started by means: (i) Star / Delta Starter (ii) Auto Transformer starter with 50% tap.

Ignore magnetizing current. The short circuit current of the motor at normal voltage is 5 times the full load current and full load slip is 4%.

25. A 22kW, 415V, 4 pole, 50 Hz delta connected Squirrel cage, 3 phase Induction Motor takes

39A on full load and operates with a slip of 4%. The total impedance per phase is 3.5 Ω. Find approximately the starting current drawn from the supply and the starting torque developed if

the motor is started by a (i) DOL starter (ii) Auto Transformer starter with 60% tapping and (iii) Star / Delta Starter.

26. A 15kW, 415V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs at 965 rpm on FL with an

efficiency 0f 89% and a power factor of 0.87 lagging. In the blocked rotor test, FL current was circulated with a line voltage of 80V. If the motor is to be started by means of a star – delta

starter, find approximately the starting current taken from the supply lines and starting torque developed.



27. A 4 pole and 6 pole Induction Machines are cumulatively cascaded and connected to a 50 Hz

supply. The frequency in the rotor circuit of the 6 pole motor is found to be 1 Hz. Determine the slip in each motor and the actual speed of the set.

28. A 22kW, 415 V, 3 phase, 50Hz delta connected SCIM takes 39A on Full load and operates with a slip of 4%. The total impedance per phase is 3.5 ohm. Find approximately the starting current drawn from the supply and the starting torque developed if the motor is started by (i)

DOL starter (ii) Auto transformer starter with 60% tapping (iii) Star-delta starter. 29. The rotor of a 4 pole, 50 Hz, Slip ring Induction Motor has a resistance of 0.25 Ω per phase

and runs at 1440 rpm at full load. Calculate the value of external resistance per phase which must be added to lower the speed to 1200 rpm, the torque being the same as before.

30. Determine the suitable autotransformer ratio for starting a 3 phase Induction Motor with line

current not exceeding 3 times the FL current. The short circuit current is 5 times the FL current and full load slip is 5%. Estimate the starting torque in terms of FL torque.

31. A 3 phase squirrel cage Induction Motor takes a starting current of 6 times the full load current. Find the starting torque as a percentage of full load torque if the motor started (a) DOL (b) through a star-delta starter; full load slip of the motor being 4%.

DOUBLE CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS 1. In a Double cage Induction motor, if the outer cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill

of (2+j2) Ω & inner cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill of (0.5+j5) Ω, determine the slip at which the two cages develop equal torques.

2. In a Double cage Induction motor, if the outer cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill

of (2+j1.2) Ω & inner cage has an equivalent impedance at standstill of (0.5+j3.5) Ω, determine the slip at which the two cages develop equal torques.

3. A 400 V, 50 Hz, three -phase, star connected Double cage Induction motor has the following parameters. The resistance and reactance values respectively are 2.0Ω and 5.0Ω for the stator 2.0Ω and 10.0Ω for the inner cage of the rotor and 4.0Ω and 3.0 Ω for the outer cage of the rotor. All parameters are phase values and the rotor values are in terms of stator. Calculate the starting current, if the motor is started directly on-line. Also find the starting torque in Nm if

the synchronous speed is 1500 r.p.m. 4. At standstill, the equivalent impedance per phase of the inner and outer cages of a Double

Cage rotor as referred to stator are (0.4+j2) Ω and (2+j0.4) Ω respectively. Calculate the ratio of torques produced by the two cages, (i) at standstill (ii) at 5% slip.

5. The impedances at standstill of the inner and outer cages of a Double Cage rotor are (0.01 + j0.5) Ω and (0.05 + j0.1) Ω respectively. The stator impedance may be assumed to be negligible. Calculate the ratio of the torques due to the two cages (i) at starting and (ii) when running with a slip of 5%.

6. An Induction Motor has a double cage rotor with equivalent impedance at standstill of (1+j1) and (0.2+j4) ohms. Find the relative values of torque given by each cage (a) at starting (b) at a slip of 5%.

7. A Double Cage Induction Motor (4 pole, 50Hz, 415V, delta connected, 3 phase) has the following equivalent circuit parameters, all of which are per phase values referred to stator:



Stator winding: R1 = 1 Ω, X1 = 2.5 Ω, Outer Cage: R0’ = 2.5 Ω, X0

’ = 0.8 Ω, Inner Cage: Ri

’ =

0.6 Ω, Xi’ = 4.5 Ω. Calculate the starting torque and running torque at a slip of 4%. The shunt

branch may be neglected.

8. The cages of a Double Cage Induction Motor has standstill impedance of (3.5+j1.5) Ω and (0.6+j7) Ω respectively. Full load slip is 6%. Find the starting torque at normal voltage in terms of full load torque. Neglect stator impedance and magnetizing current.

MODULE VI

INDUCTION GENERATOR

1. A 3-phase Induction Generator rated for 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 500kW is supplying a 400V grid, the generator being driven by a wind turbine. At a particular wind speed, the generator

supplies a real power of 100kW to the grid, the stator current being 200A. What is the reactive power drawn from the grid? Sketch the system configuration, indicating the wind

turbine and the machine connected to the grid.

2. A 150kW, 400V, 50Hz, 4 pole, star connected induction machine is driven as an Induction

Generator supplying power to a three-phase, 400V, 50Hz grid. The rotor of the generator is driven at 1560 r.p.m. The real power supplied to the grid is 100kW, at a power factor of

0.707. What is the value of reactive power drawn from the grid? If the magnetizing current drawn from the supply is 100A and if the generator works with an efficiency of 95% for this load, estimate the generator rotor resistance in terms of stator. Neglect core loss. Draw

the phasor diagram of the generator indicating the stator current, magnetizing current and rotor current, taking the stator phase voltage as the reference.

3. A 3-phase, 4-pole, star-connected, Capacitor excited Induction Generator works with a

capacitor bank of 40µ F capacitor /phase connected in delta. The load is star-connected

with 10Ω resistance per phase. At a particular speed, the generator gives a terminal voltage of 400 V, 50 Hz. Calculate (i) line current of the generator and (ii) power output of the

generator. Draw the circuit arrangement. The generator is driven by a wind turbine.

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

1. A 2 pole 240V, 50Hz single-phase induction motor has the following constants referred

to stator:

R1 = 2.2 Ω, X1 = 3.0 Ω, R2’ = 3.8 Ω, X2

’ = 2.1 Ω and X0= 86 Ω. Find the stator current and input power when the motor is operating at a FL speed of

2820 rpm. 2. A 125W, 4 pole, 110V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor delivers rated output at a

slip of 6%. The total copper loss at full load is 25 W. Calculate the full load efficiency

and the rotor copper loss caused by the backward field. Rotational losses may be assumed to be 25W. Neglect stator copper loss.

3. Calculate the parameters of the equivalent circuit of a capacitor start, single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, induction motor.



The test result on the motor are as follows :

No-Load : 230V 2.5A 120W Blocked Rotor : 80V 6.0A 150W The effective stator resistance is 2Ω. Calculate the motor output at a slip of 4%.

4. A 230V, 380W, 50 Hz, 4 pole, single phase Induction motor gave the following test results. No load test : 230V 84W 2.8A Blocked Rotor test : 110V 460W 6.2 A

The stator winding resistance is 4.6 Ω and during the blocked rotor test, the auxiliary winding is open. Determine the equivalent circuit parameters.

5. A 220V, single phase Induction motor gave the following test results: No load test: 220V 125W 4.6A

Blocked Rotor test: 120V 460W 9.6 A

The stator winding resistance is 1.5 Ω and during the blocked rotor test, the auxiliary winding is open. Determine the equivalent circuit parameters.

6. A 4 pole, 50Hz, single phase Induction Motor has the power absorbed by forward and backward field rotor resistance are 200W and 21W respectively at a motor speed of 1440 rpm. The mechanical losses total 20W. Compute the shaft torque at that speed.

7. A 50 Hz split phase induction motor has a resistance 5 Ω and an inductive reactance of 20 Ω in both main and auxiliary winding. Determine the value of resistance and capacitance to be added in series with auxiliary winding to send the same current in each winding with the phase difference of 90 degrees



2.4 ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 1

1. A 3 phase Y connected, 2000kVA, 6kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at normal speed.

IF (A): 14 18 23 30 43

OC Volt (V): 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 16A to circulate FL current.

Ra=1.5Ω across 2 terminals. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and u.p.f. 2. A 5kVA, 220V, 3 phase Y connected salient pole alternator with Xd=12Ω and Xq=7Ω deliver

FL at u.p.f. Calculate the excitation e.m.f. Neglect Ra.

3. The open circuit, short circuit and FL zero p.f. tests on a 6 pole 440V, 50 Hz 3 phase Y connected alternator is shown below:

If(A): 2 4 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18

E0(V): 156 288 396 440 474 530 568 592 - - SC line current (A) 11 22 34 40 46 57 69 80 - -

ZPF terminal - - - 0 80 206 314 398 460 504 Voltage (V) Find the regulation at Full load at 40A at rated voltage and 0.8 p.f. lagging.

4. A 3 phase Y connected, 1000kVA, 2kV, 50Hz alternator gave the following test results at

normal speed. IF (A) : 10 20 25 30 40 OC Volt (V) : 800 1500 1760 2000 2350

With armature short circuited, it required a field current of 20A to circulate 200A. Ra=0.755 Ω per phase. Determine the FL voltage regulation at 0.8p.f lag, lead and u.p.f.

5. A 5000kVA, 6.6kV, 3 phase Y connected alternator has an effective resistance of 0.075 Ω per phase.

Estimate by zpf method the regulation for a load of 500A at p.f (i) unity (ii) 0.9leading (iii) 0.71 lagging

from the following OCC and zpf FL curves.

IF (A) : 32 50 75 100 140 OC Volt (kV) : 3100 4900 3810 7500 8300

V (kV) for zpf: 0 1850 4250 5800 7000

6. A 3 phase, star connected alternator supplies a current of 10A at a phase angle of 200 at 400V. The

direct axis and quadrature axis reactance per phase are 10 Ω and 0.5 Ω . Find the components of armature current and voltage regulation neglecting armature resistance.



Assignment 2

1. An Induction motor has an efficiency of 91% when it delivers an output of 22 kW. At this

load, the stator copper loss equals rotor copper loss and the total loss equals stray losses.

The mechanical losses are on fourth the stray losses. Calculate the slip.

2. A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor runs on FL with a slip of 4%. Given the rotor standstill impedance per phase as (0.01+j0.05) Ω. Calculate the available maximum torque in terms of FL torque. Also determine the speed at which maximum torque occurs.

3. Show that in an Induction motor, “Air gap power : rotor copper losses : power

developed = 1 : s : (1-s) ”, where ‘s’ is fractional slip.

4. A 400V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase delta connected Induction Motor gave the following results

on no-load and short circuit tests. No-load Test (line values) 400V 8A 0.16 p.f.

Short circuit Test (line values) 200V 39A 0.36 p.f. Determine the mechanical output, torque and slip when the motor draws a current of 30A from the mains. Assume the stator and rotor copper losses to be equal.

5. The power input to a 500V, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor running at 975 r.p.m is 40kW.

Stator losses total 1 kW and Mechanical losses total 2 kW. Calculate the (a) slip (b) rotor copper loss (c) ŋ of the motor (d) power output (e) shaft torque.

6. A 3.3kV, 20 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance and standstill reactance of 0.014Ω and 0.113Ω per phase respectively. Calculate (a) speed at which torque developed is maximum (b) the ratio of FL torque to maximum torque, if FL torque is delivered at 288 r.p.m.

7. A 415 V, 29.84kW, 50Hz Induction motor gave the following test results. No load Test : 415V 21A 1,250 W

Blocked rotor test : 100V 45A 2,730 W Construct the circle diagram and determine (i) Line current, p.f. and efficiency for the rated output (ii) Maximum torque and corresponding slip. Assume stator and rotor copper losses

equal at standstill.



3. EE204 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND LOGIC DESIGN




PROGRAMME: Electrical &

Electronics Engineering

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: Digital Electronics

and Logic Design

SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: EE 204

REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:

Electronic Engineering

CONTACT HOURS: 2+1(Tutorial)

hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB

COURSE CODE (IF ANY): Nil

LAB COURSE NAME: Nil

SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I

Number Systems and Codes : Binary, Octal and

hexadecimal conversions- ASCII code, Excess -3 code,

Gray code, Error detection and correction - Parity

generators and checkers – Fixed point and floating point

arithmetic. Binary addition and subtraction, unsigned and

signed numbers, 1's complement and 2’s complement arithmetic.

7

II

TTL logic and CMOS logic - Logic gates, Universal gates

- Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum of Products method,

Product of Sum method – K map representation and

simplification(upto four variables) - Pairs, Quads, Octets,

Dont care conditions.

7



III

Combinational circuits: Adders _ Full adder and half adder

– Subtractors, halfsubtractor and fullsubtractor – Carry

Look ahead adders – ALU(block diagram only).

Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Encoders, BCD to decimel

decoders.

7

IV

Sequential circuits: Flip-Flops, SR, JK, D and T flip-flops,

JK Master Slave Flip-flop, Conversion of flip-flops,

Registers -SISO,SIPO, PISO, PIPO.

Counters : Asynchronous Counters – Modulus of a counter

– Mod N counters.

8

V

Synchronous counters: Preset and clear modes, Counter

Synthesis: Ring counter, Johnson Counter, Mod N counter,

Decade counter. State Machines: State transition diagram,

Moore and Mealy Machines – Design equation and circuit

diagram

7

VI

Digital to Analog conversion – R-2R ladder, weighted

resistors. Analog to Digital Conversion - Flash ADC,

Successive approximation, Integrating ADC.

Memory Basics, Read and Write, Addressing, ROMs,

PROMs and EPROMs, RAMs, Sequential Programmable

Logic Devices - PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction and basic

concepts only) Introduction to VHDL, Implementation of

AND, OR, half adder and full adder.

8

TOTAL HOURS 44





T Floyd T.L, Digital Fundamentals , 10/e, Pearson Education, 2011

T Sudhakar and Shyam Mohan- Circuits and Networks: Analysis and

Synthesis, 5e, Mc Graw Hill EducationC.H.Roth and L.L.Kimney

Fundamentals of Logic Design, 7/e, Cengage Learning, 2013

R Donald P Leach, Albert Paul Malvino and GoutamSaha., Digital

Principles and Applications, 8/e, by Mc Graw Hill

R Mano M.M, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4/e, ,

Pearson Education

R D Roy Chaudhuri: Networks and Systems, New Age

PublishersTocci R.J and N.S.Widmer, Digital Systems, Principles

and Applications, 11/e, , Pearson Education.

R John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices, 4/e, ,

Pearson, 2005

R Taub & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw

Hill,1997



EC 100 Basic of Electronics

Engineering

Digital ICs: Logic Gates S1

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To impart knowledge about digital logic and to gain the ability to design

various digital circuits.



COURSE OUTCOMES:

SN

O

DESCRIPTION BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

LEVEL

1 Students will be able to distinguish the different

number systems and be able to convert from one

form to other.

Comprehension

[Level 2]

2 Students will be able to use the laws of Boolean

algebra to simplify circuits.

Application

[Level 3]

3 Students will be able to design combinational and

sequential circuits.

Synthesis

[Level 5]

4 Students will be able to define the significance of

state machines.

Knowledge

[Level 1]

5 Students will be able to interpret programmable

logic circuit devices and it's usage.

Analysis

[Level 4]

MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

AND COURSE OUTCOMES (COs) – PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

(PSOs)

PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

C 204.1 3 3 2 2 3 2

C 204. 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2



C204. 3 2 2 2 1 2

C204. 4 2 2 1 1

C204. 5 1 1 2 1

EE 204 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 1

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:

Mapping L/H/M Justification

C204.1-

PO1

H Student will be able to apply the knowledge of

Engineering fundamentals to convert analog signals to

digital.

C204.1-

PO2

H Student will be able to formulate and analyze different

number systems and represent signed numbers.

C204.1-

PO3

M Student will be to able to interpret digital representations

for analysis.

C204.1-

PO5

M Student will be able to predict and model complex systems

using logic.

C204.1-

PO12

H As technology is advancing at a fast rate the awareness of

digital theory helps to understand the upcoming electronic

devices.

C204.2-

PO1

H Student will be able apply the Boolean algebra to

Engineering fundamentals

C204.2-

PO2

M Student will be able to identify, formulate and analyze

complex problem with gate logic.



C204.2-

PO3

M Student will be able to design solutions for complex

problems using the Boolean logic.

C204.2-

PO5

M Student will be able to apply appropriate digital technique

C204.2-

PO12

M Logic gate understanding aids in understanding the

upcoming trends in technology

C204.3-

PO1

M Student will be able apply the combinational and

sequential circuit design

C204.3-

PO2

M The circuit design helps to understand the first principles

of Engineering science

C204.3-

PO12

M Students will be able to understand the technology up-

gradation with the knowledge of combinational and

sequential circuits.

C204.4-

PO1

M State machines will help to understand complex

Engineering problems.

C204.4-

PO2

M Students will be able to brief in conclusions for

Engineering problems.

C204.5-

PO1

L Students will get some knowledge of programmable logic

circuits

C204.5-

PO2

L Students will be able to understand the problems using

programmable logic circuits

C204.5-

PO12

M The awareness of programmable logic circuits will help

them to recognize and prepare for the technological

changes.



GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION

REQUIREMENTS:

SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH POs

ELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

1. Application

based design of

logic gates

Additional

Class

4, 6, 10 1, 2

PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND

SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL

ETC


SL

NO

.

DESCRIPTION PROPOSED

ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH Pos

RELEVANC

E WITH

PSOs

1 Introduction to

Logic Lab

Familiarization to

design logic

circuits

5, 6,12 1,2


1

2

http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106086/

http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/labs/tutorial/


CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117106086/



LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES


ASSIGNMENT

S

STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES

STUD.

VIVA

MINI/MAJOR

PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS


ASSESSMENT OF COURSE

OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,

ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS

Prepared by Approved by

Dr. Elizabeth Rita Samuel Ms.Santhi B

HOD EEE



3.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Module Planned

Date

Planned

1 1 Lecture 1 Number Systems and Codes : Binary. Binary

addition and subtraction.

2 1 Lecture 2 unsigned and signed numbers, 1's

complement and 2’s complement arithmetic.

3 1 Lecture 3 Octal and hexadecimal conversions ASCII

code, Excess -3 code, Gray code

4 1 Lecture 4 Error detection and correction - Parity

generators and checkers

5 1 Lecture 5 Fixed point and floating point arithmetic.

6 1 Tutorial 1 Tutorial : Self learning onn Hamming

correction code.

7 2 Lecture 6 TTL logic and CMOS logic - Logic gates,

Universal gates

8 2 Lecture 7 Boolean Laws and theorems, Sum of

Products method, Product of Sum method

9 2 Lecture 8 K map representation and simplification(upto

four variables)

10 2 Lecture 9 Pairs, Quads, Octets ,Dont care conditions.

11 2 Tutorial 2 Tutorial – Solve Gate problems for Logic

gates



12 3 Lecture 10 Adders _ Full adder and half adder

13 3 Lecture 11 Subtractors, halfsubtractor and fullsubtractor

14 3 Lecture 12 Carry Look ahead adders – ALU(block

diagram only).

15 3 Tutorial 3 Tutorial:

http://www.neuroproductions.be/logic-lab/

16 3 Lecture 13 Multiplexers, Demultiplexers

17 3 Lecture 14 Encoders, BCD to decimel decoders.

18 4 Lecture 15 Sequential circuits: Flip-Flops

19 4 Lecture 16 SR, JK, D and T flip-flops

20 4 Lecture 17 JK Master Slave Flip-flop

21 4 Lecture 18 Conversion of flip-flops

22 4 Tutorial 4 Tutorial: Try flip flop using logic Lab

23 4 Lecture 19 Registers -SISO,SIPO, PISO, PIPO

24 4 Lecture 20 Counters : Asynchronous Counters

25 4 Lecture 21 Modulus of a counter – Mod N counters.

26 5 Lecture 22 Synchronous counters: Preset and clear

modes

27 5 Lecture 23 Counter Synthesis: Ring counter

28 5 Lecture 24 Johnson Counter

29 5 Tutorial 5 Tutorial: Design of Mod n counters



30 5 Lecture 25 Mod N counter, Decade counter

31 5 Lecture 26 State Machines: State transition diagram

32 5 Lecture 27 Moore and Mealy Machines

33 5 Lecture 28 Design equation and circuit diagram

34 6 Lecture 29 Digital to Analog conversion – R-2R ladder

35 6 Lecture 30 weighted resistors.

36 6 Lecture 31 Analog to Digital Conversion - Flash ADC

37 6 Lecture 32 Successive approximation

38 6 Tutorial 6 Tutorial: Solve problems

39 6 Lecture 33 Memory Basics, Read and Write

40 6 Lecture 34 Addressing, ROMs, PROMs and EPROMs,

RAMs

41 6 Lecture 35 Sequential Programmable Logic Devices

42 6 Lecture 36 PAL, PLA, FPGA (Introduction and basic

concepts only)

43 6 Lecture 37 Introduction to VHDL,Implementation of

AND, OR, half adder and full adder.

44 6 Tutorial 7 Tutorial: Opensources available for VHDL



3.3 TUTORIALS

Self-Learning

Hamming Error – Correction code

Solve: Example

Determine the single-error-correcting code for the BCD number 1001 using even parity.

Step1: Find the number of parity bit : p=3 for m=4

Step 2: construct bit position table

BIT DESIGNAION BIT POSITION

BINARY POSITION

NUMMBER

P1 1

001

P2

2

010

M1 3

011

P3 4

100

M2 5

101

M3

6

110

M4 7

111

Information bit 1 0 0 1

Parity bit 0 0 1

Step 3:Determine parity bit as follows:

Bit P1 checks position 1, 3, 5 and 7 and must be a zero as there are even parity of bits

Bit P2 checks position 2,3,6, and 7 and must be 0

Bit P3 checks position 4, 5, 6 and 7 and must be 1



Thus the number is → 0011001

How to Detect an error

Single precision floating point

Convert 3.248 X 104 to single precision floating point binary

3.248 X 104 =32480 = 1111110111000002 = 1.11111011100000 X 214

14+127 = 141 = 100011012

The complete floating point number is

0 10001101 11111011100000000000000















Implement simple logic and flip flops in Logic Lab.



3.4 ASSIGNMENTS

MODULE 1: NUMBER SYSTEM AND CODES

1. Express the following numbers in decimal: (10110.0101)2, (16.5)16, and (26.24)8

2. Convert the following numbers to hexadecimal and to decimal a) 1.11010 b) 1110.10 Explain why the decimal answer in (b) is 8 times that of (a).

3. Convert the hexadecimal number 68BE to binary and then from binary convert it to octal.

4. Convert the decimal number 345 to binary in two ways: (a) convert directly to binary; (b) convert

first to hexadecimal, then from hexadecimal to binary, Which method is faster?

5. Obtain the 1’s and 2’s complements of the following binary numbers:

a. 11101010 b) 01111110 c) 00000001 d) 10000000 e) 00000000 6. Perform subtraction on the following unsigned binary number using 2’s-complement of the

subtrahend. Where the result should be negative, 2’s complement it and affix a minus sign. a) 11011 – 11001 b) 110100 – 10101 c) 1011 – 110000 d) 101010 – 101011

7. Represent decimal number 6027 in (a) BCD (b) excess-3 code, (c) 2421 code. 6 0 2 7 a) BCD 0110

0000 0010 0111 b) EXCESS-3 1001 0011 0101 1010 c) 2421 1100 0000 0010 1101

MODULE 2: LOGIC GATES

1. A locker has been rented in the bank. Express the process of opening the locker in terms of

digital operation.

2. A bulb in a staircases has two switches, one switch being at the ground floor and the other one at

the first floor. The bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by and one of the switches irrespective of the state of the other switch. The logic of switching of the bulb resembles. (a) an

AND gate (b) an OR gate (c) an XOR gate (d) a NAND gate

MODULE 5:

1. Design mod-10 synchronous counter using JK Flip Flops. Check for the lock out condition. If so,how the lock-out condition can be avoided? Draw the neat state diagram and circuit

diagram with Flip Flops.

MODULE 6:

1. Briefly give an introduction of : a) PAL

b) PLA

c) FPGA



4. EE206 MATERIAL SCIENCE




PROGRAMME: Electrical &

Electronics Engineering

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: Material Science SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: EE

206REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Material

Science

CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE

CODE (IF ANY): Nil


SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I

Conducting Materials: Conductivity- dependence on temperature and composition – Materials for electrical applications such as resistance, machines, solders etc.

Semiconductor Materials: Concept, materials and properties- – Basic ideas of Compound semiconductors, amorphous andorganic

semiconductors- applications. Dielectrics: Introduction to Dielectric polarization and classification –Clausius Mosotti relation- Behavior of

dielectric in static and alternating fields

8

II

Insulating materials and classification- properties- Commoninsulating materials used in electrical apparatus-Inorganic,organic, liquid and

gaseous insulators- capacitor materials- Electro-negative gases- properties and application of SF6 gasand its mixtures with nitrogen

Ferro electricity.

6

III

Dielectric Breakdown: Mechanism of breakdown ingases, liquids and solids –basic theories includingTownsend's criterion, Streamer

mechanism, suspendedparticle theory, intrinsic breakdown, electro-mechanicalbreakdown- Factors influencing Ageing of insulators-Application of vacuum insulation- Breakdown in highvacuum-Basics of

treatment and testing of transformeroil.

7

IV

Magnetic Materials: Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles-Classification of magnetic materials -Curie-Weiss law-Properties and

application of iron, alloys of iron- Hard andsoft magnetic materials– Ferrites- Magnetic materials used inelectrical machines, instruments and

relays-

7



V

Superconductor Materials:-Basic Concept- typescharacteristics-applicationsSolar Energy Materials: Photo thermal conversion-Solar

selective coatings for enhanced solar thermalenergy collection –Photovoltaic conversion – Solar cells-Silicon, Cadmium sulphide and

Gallium arsenic –Organic solar cells.

7

VI Modern Techniques for materials studies: Opticalmicroscopy – Electron microscopy – Photo electronspectroscopy – Atomic absorption spectroscopy –Introduction to Biomaterials and Nanomaterials

7

TOTAL HOURS 42



T Dekker A.J : Electrical Engineering Materials, Prentice Hall of India

T G K Mithal : Electrical Engg Material Science. Khanna Publishers.

R Tareev, Electrical Engineerin Materials, Mir Publications

R Meinal A.B and Meinal M. P., Applied Solar Energy – An Introduction, Addisos Wesley

R Nasser E., Fundamentals of Gaseous Ionization and Plasma Electronics, Wiley Seriesin Plasma Physics, 1971

R Naidu M. S. and V. Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004

R Indulkar O.S &Thiruvegadam S., An Introduction to electrical Engineering Materials, S.Chand

R Agnihotri O. P and Gupta B. K, Solar selective Surface, John wiley

R Seth. S.P and Gupta P. V, A Course in Electrical Engineering Materials,

Dhanpathrai


Nil

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To impart knowledge in the field of material science and their applications in electrical engineering

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SNO DESCRIPTION BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

LEVEL



1 Describe the characteristics of conducting and semiconducting materials

Knowledge [Level 1]

2 Classify magnetic materials and describe different laws

related to them

Comprehension

[Level 2]

3 Classify and describe different insulators and to explain the behaviour of dielectrics instatic and alternating fields

Comprehension [Level 2]

4 Describe the mechanisms of breakdown in solids, liquids and

gases

Comprehension

[Level 2]

5 Classify and describe Solar energy materials and superconducting materials

Comprehension [Level 2]

6 Gain knowledge in the modern techniques for material

studies

Knowledge

[Level 1]



PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

C 206.1 3 1

C 206. 2 3 1

C206. 3 3 1 1

C206. 4 3 1 1

C206. 5 3 1 1

C206.6 3 3 1

EE 206 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:

Mapping L/H/

M

Justification

C206.1-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of conducting,

semiconducting and dielectric materials.



C206.2-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of insulating

materials

C206.3-PO1 H Student will understand the mechanism of dielectric break down

related theories.

C206.4-PO1 H Student will be able to understand the fundamentals of magnetic

materials

C206.5-PO1 H Student will be able understand the fundamentals of

superconductivity and solar energy materials

C206.6-PO1 H Student will be able understand modern techniques for materials

studies

C206.6-PO2 H Student will be able to comprehend the application of different

characterization techniques for understanding specific material

properties



ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH POs

RELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

1. Basics of chemical

bonding

Additional

Class

1 1


VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC


SL

NO.


ACTIONS

RELEVANCE

WITH Pos

RELEVANCE

WITH PSOs

1 Introduction to nanoelectronics Assignments,

seminars

1,12 1,2


1 www.nptel.ac.in/courses/cirucuittheory


http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/cirucuittheory



CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS



OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS


Sanil Sharahudeen Ms.Santhi B

HOD EEE



4.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Module Planned

Date

Planned

1 1 04-01-18 Introduction –Basics, Course objectives

2 1 05-01-18 Conductivity- Introduction

3 1 08-01-18 Conductivity- dependence on temperature and composition

4 1 09-01-18 Materials for electrical applications such as resistance, machines, solders etc

5 1 11-01-18 Semiconductor Materials: Concept, materials and

properties

6 1 12-01-18 Compound semiconductors, amorphous and organic semiconductors- applications

7 1 15-01-18 Dielectrics: Introduction to Dielectric polarization and classification

8 1 16-01-18 Clausius Mosotti relation

9 1 18-01-18 Behaviour of dielectric in static and alternating fields

10 2 19-01-18 Insulating materials and classification- properties- Commoninsulating materials used in electrical apparatus

11 2 22-01-18 Inorganicorganic, liquid and gaseous insulators-

capacitor materials

12 2 23-01-18 Electro-negative gases- properties and application

of SF6 gas and its mixtures with nitrogen

13 2 25-01-18 Ferro electricity.

14 29-01-18 FIRST INTERNAL EXAMINATION

15 3 30-01-18 Dielectric Breakdown- introduction

16 3 01-02-18 Mechanism of breakdown in gases, liquids and solids

17 3 02-02-18 Townsend's criterion, Streamer mechanism,

suspendedparticle theory



18 3 05-02-18 intrinsic breakdown, electro-mechanical breakdown

19 3 06-02-18 Factors influencing Ageing of insulators

20 3 08-02-18 Application of vacuum insulation- Breakdown in

highvacuum

19 3 09-02-18 Basics of treatment and testing of transformeroil.

20 4 12-02-18 Introduction to Magnetism

21 4 13-02-18 Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles-

22 4 15-02-18 Classification of magnetic materials

23 4 16-02-18 Curie-Weiss law

24 4 19-02-18 Properties and application of iron, alloys of iron

25 4 20-02-18 Hard andsoft magnetic materials– Ferrites-

26 4 22-02-18 Magnetic materials used in electrical machines, instruments and relays-

27 5 23-02-18 Superconductor Materials:-Basic Concept- typescharacteristics-applications

28 5 26-02-18 Solar Energy Materials Introduction

29 5 27-02-18 Photo thermal conversion

30 5 01-03-18 Solar selective coatings for enhanced solar thermalenergy collection

31 5 01-03-18 Photovoltaic conversion

32 5 02-03-18 SECOND INTERNAL EXAMINATION

33 5 05-03-18 Solar cells-Silicon, Cadmium sulphide and Gallium arsenic

34 5 06-03-18 Organic solar cells.



35 6 08-03-18 Modern Techniques for materials studies: Introduction

36 6 12-03-18 Opticalmicroscopy

37 6 13-03-18 Electron microscopy

38 6 15-03-18 Photo electronspectroscopy

39 6 16-03-18 Atomic absorption spectroscopy

40 6 19-03-18 Introduction to Biomaterials

41 6 20-03-18 Nanomaterials

42 6 22-03-18 Nanomaterials



4.3 ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 1



5. EE208 MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION




PROGRAMME: Electrical & Electronics

Engineering

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: Measurements &

Instrumentation

SEMESTER: IV CREDITS: 4

COURSE CODE: EE 208

REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical

Measurements

CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial)

hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE

(IF ANY): EE 234


SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I

General principles of measurements – measurement systemmeasurementstandards – characteristics - errors in measurementcalibrationof meters- significance of IS standards of

Instruments. Classification of meters - operating forces - essentials of

indicatinginstruments - deflecting, damping, controlling torques. Ammeters and voltmeters - moving coil, moving iron,constructional details and operating, principles shunts andmultipliers – extension of

range.

9

II

Measurement of resistance: measurement of insulationresistance - loss of charge method, measurement of earthresistance.

Measurement of power and energy: Dynamometer type wattmeter – 1-phase and 3-phase power measurement – 1-phase and 3-phaseenergy meters (induction type) – electronic energy meter, TODmeter.

10

III

Introduction to high voltage and high current measurements: Measurement of high DC voltages - measurement of high ACvoltages - electrostatic voltmeters – sphere gaps - DC Halleffect sensors - high

current measurements. Study of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU).

Current transformers and potential transformers – principle working, ratio and phase angle errors – numerical problems, Clampon meters.

9

IV

Magnetic Measurements: Measurement of flux and permeability -flux meter - hall effect Gaussmeter - BH curve and permeability

measurement - hysteresis measurement- ballistic galvanometer –principle- determination of BH curve - hysteresis loop. LloydFisher

9



square — measurement of iron lossesMeasurement of rotational speed using proximity sensors andoptical sensors.

V

DC & AC potentiometers - General Principle - calibration of ammeter,

voltmeter and wattmeter using potentiometer. AC Bridges: Maxwell’s bridge- Schering bridge and Wien’s bridgeOscilloscopes – Basic principle of signal display - Block diagramand principle of operation of general purpose CRO – verticaldeflecting system - horizontal deflection system - basic

sweepgenerator - XY mode and Lissajous patterns - applications of CRO -dual trace oscilloscope.digital storage oscilloscope

9

VI

Transducers - Definition and classification - common transducersfor

measurement of displacement, velocity, flow, liquid level, force,pressure, strain and temperature - basic principles and working

ofLVDT, electromagnetic and ultrasonic flow meters,piezoelectricforce transducer, load cell, strain gauge- bridgeconfiguration for four strain gauges, RTD, Thermistors,thermocouple,

Need for instrumentation system, data acquisition system.

9

TOTAL HOURS 55



T Sawhney A.K., A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements &

instrumentation, DhanpatRai .

T J. B. Gupta, A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation., S K Kataria& Sons

T Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012

R Golding E.W., Electrical Measurements & Measuring Instruments, Wheeler Pub.

R Cooper W.D., Modern Electronics Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of India

R Stout M.B., Basic Electrical Measurements, Prentice Hall

R Oliver & Cage, Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, McGraw Hill

R E.O Doebelin and D.N Manik, Doebelin’s Measurements Systems, sixth edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.

R P.Purkait, B.Biswas, S.Das and C. Koley, Electrical and Electronics Measurements

and Instrumentation, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2013



BE101 03 Introduction to Electrical

Engineering

Basic concepts in electrical

engineering.

I



COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To develop understanding of various electrical measuring instruments and instrumentation devices

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SNO DESCRIPTION Bloom’s Taxonomy Level

1 Students will be able to compare different types of

instruments, their working principles advantages

and disadvantages

Analysis

[Level 4]

2 Students will be able to explain the operating

principles of various ammeters, voltmeters and

ohm meters

Comprehension

[Level 2]

3 Students will be able to measure single phase & three phase power usingwattmeters

Knowledge

[Level 1]

4 Students will be able to summarize different flux

and permeability measurements methods

Synthesis

[Level 5]

5 Students will be able to differentiateAC

potentiometers and bridges

Analysis

[Level 4]

6 Students will be able to explainthe working and

applications of cathode ray oscilloscope

Application

[Level 3]



PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3

C 208.1 3 3 2 2 2 2

C 208. 2 2 2

C 208. 3 3 2 2 2 2

C 208. 4 3 2



C 208. 5 3 3 2

C 208.6 3 2 2

EE 208 3 3 - 3 3 - - - 2 2 - 2 2 2 2

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING

Mapping L/H/

M

Justification

C208.1-PO1 H Students will have a general idea of various types of measuring

instruments

C208.1-PO2 H Students will be able to identify and provide solutions to problems

associated with instrument systems

C208.1-PO5 M Students will be able to select the apt instrument based on the

application requirements

C208.2-PO10 M Students can improve their communication skills while explaining

the working of various instruments

C208.3-PO4 H Students will be able to design experimental setups to measure the

power consumed in a circuit

C208.3-PO9 M Students can improve their ability to work as a team while

conducting power measurement experiments

C208.3-PO12 M Students will be able to utilise the knowledge of power

measurement while working in an industry

C208.4-PO2 H Students will be able to analyze the flux B-H curves of any

magnetic specimen

C208.5-PO1 H Students can apply knowledge of Engineering fundamentals to

study the working of various potentiometers

C208.5-PO2 H Students canidentify and analyse working of various bridges used

for measurement

C208.6-PO1 H Students will be able to observe various waveforms of any circuit

on a CRO

C208.6-PO2 M Students will be able to observe waveforms and provide valid

suggestions for the improvement of the circuit





ACTIONS

MAPPING

WITH POs

1 Introduction to digital measurements and

instrumentation.

Industrial

Visits

1, 2, 3, 5




1 Introduction to measurement of symmetrical components and neutral shift voltage

2 Applications of different measuring instruments in industries.


1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in

2 http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm

3 Prof. G.D. Roy, Prof. N.K. De, Prof. T.K. Bhattacharya, Basic Electrical Technology,

www.nptel.com, retrieved on July 05, 2013 from URL:

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT%20Kharagpur


CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB

RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON

COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS





OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS


Ms. Ragam Rajagopal Ms. Santhi B

HOD EEE



5.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.

No.

Module Date Planned

1

1

Lecture 1 General Principles Of Measurements – Measurement

System

2 Lecture 2 Measurement Standards – Characteristics

3 Lecture 3 Errors In Measurement - Calibration Of Meters

4 Lecture 4 Significance Of IS Standards Of Instruments

Classification Of Meters

5 Lecture 5 Essentials Of Indicating Instruments - Operating

Forces - Deflecting, Damping, Controlling Torques

6 Lecture 6 Ammeters And Voltmeters - Moving Coil

7 Lecture 7 Ammeters And Voltmeters - Moving Iron

8 Lecture 8 Shunts And Multipliers

9 Lecture 9 Extension Of Range Of Meters

10 Tutorial 1 Tutorials

11

2

Lecture 10 Introduction – Measurement Of Resistance

12 Lecture 11 Measurement Of Insulation Resistance - Loss Of

Charge Method

13 Lecture 12 Measurement Of Earth Resistance

14 Lecture 13 Dynamometer Type Wattmeter

15 Lecture 14 1-Phase Power Measurement

16 Lecture 15 3-Phase Power Measurement



17 Lecture 16 1-Phase And 3-Phase Energy Meters (Induction Type)

18 Lecture 17 Electronic Energy Meter

19 Tutorial 2 TOD Meter – Tutorials

20

3

Lecture 18 Measurement Of High DC Voltages

21 Lecture 19 Measurement Of High AC Voltages

22 Lecture 20 Electrostatic Voltmeters – Sphere Gaps

23 Lecture 21 Dc Hall Effect Sensors - High Current Measurements

24 Lecture 22 Phasor Measurement Units

25 Lecture 23 Current Transformers – Principle Working, Ratio And

Phase Angle Errors

26 Lecture 24 Potential Transformers – Principle Working, Ratio And

Phase Angle Errors


28 Lecture 25 Clamp On Meters.

29

4

Lecture 26 Magnetic Measurements: Measurement Of Flux And

Permeability

30 Lecture 27 Flux Meter

31 Lecture 28 Hall Effect Gaussmeter

32 Lecture 29 BH Curve Permeability Measurement

33 Lecture 30 Hysteresis Measurement

34 Lecture 31 Ballistic Galvanometer – Principle -Determination Of

BH Curve -Hysteresis Loop.

35 Lecture 32 LloydFisher Square — Measurement Of Iron Losses



36 Lecture 33 Measurement Of Rotational Speed Using Proximity

Sensors

37 Lecture 34 Optical Sensors.


39

5

Lecture 35 DC &AC Potentiometers - General Principle

40 Lecture 36 Calibration Of Ammeter, Voltmeter

41 Lecture 37 Calibration Of Wattmeter

42 Lecture 38 AC Bridges: Maxwell’s Bridge

43 Lecture 39 Schering Bridge And Wien’s Bridge

44 Lecture 40 Oscilloscopes – Basic Principle Of Signal Display

45 Lecture 41 Block Diagram And Principle Of Operation Of General

Purpose CRO

46 Lecture 42 Vertical Deflecting System - Horizontal Deflection

System - Basic Sweep Generator

47 Lecture 43 XY Mode And Lissajous Patterns

48 Lecture 44 Dual Trace Oscilloscope - Digital Storage Oscilloscope

49

6

Lecture 45 Transducers - Definition And Classification

50 Lecture 46 Displacement, Velocity, Flow, Liquid Level

Transducers

51 Lecture 47 Force, Pressure, Strain And Temperature Transducers

52 Lecture 48 Electromagnetic And Ultrasonic Flow Meters

53 Lecture 49 Piezoelectric Force Transducer



54 Lecture 50 Load Cell, Strain Gauge Bridge Configuration For Four

Strain Gauges

55 Lecture 51 RTD, Thermistors, Thermocouple




5.3 TUTORIALS

Q.1. A PMMC ammeter gives a reading of 35mA when connected across two opposite corners of

bridge rectifier, the other corners of bridge rectifier, the other two corners of which are connected

in series with a capacitor to 100kV,50 Hz supply. Determine the capacitance?

Q.2. A spring controlled moving iron voltmeter reads correctly on 250V DC. Calculate the scale

reading when 250V AC is applied at 50 Hz. The instrument coil has a resistance of 500Ω and an inductance of 1H and the series non-reactive resistance is 2000Ω.

Q.3. A basic D’Arsonval meter movement with an internal resistance of Rin= 100Ω and a full scale current of Im=1mA is to be converted into a multirange d.c.voltmeter with ranges of 0-10V, 0-50V,

0-250V and 0-500V. Calculate the values of the resistance using a potential divider arrangement.

Q.4.The torque of an ammeter varies as the square of the current through it. If a current of 5A

produces a deflection of 90 , what deflection will occur for a current of 3A when the instrument is

(a) spring controlled ; (b) gravity controlled.

Q.5.Design an Ayrton shunt to provide an ammeter with current ranges of 1A, 5A and IOA. A

basic meter with an internal resistance of 50Ω and a full scale deflection current of 1mA is to be used.

Q.6. Each of the ratio arms of a laboratory type Wheatstone bridge has guaranteed accuracy of

±0.05%, while the standard arm has a guaranteed accuracy of ± 0.1%. The ratio arms are both set

at 1000Ω and bridge is balanced with standard arm adjusted to 3154Ω. Determine the upper and lower limits of the unknown resistance , based upon the guaranteed accuracies of the known bridge

arms.

Q.7.A Maxwell’s inductance-capacitance bridge is used to measure an unknown inductance in

comparison with capacitance. The various values at balance R2: (known non-inductive resistance

in the arm ad) = 400Ω. R3 : (known non-inductive resistance in the arm bc) = 600Ω. R4 : (known

non-inductive resistance in the arm cd) = 0.5μF. Calculate the parameters of the coil. Also calculate the value of storage Q factor of coil if frequency is 1000Hz.

Q.8. Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a standard Wien

bridge to mill with the following component values: R1 =2.8K, R4 =80K, C1 =4.8μF, f=2kHz.

Q.9. In a simple slide wire d.c. potentiometer, the voltage drop across a standard resistor of 0.1Ω is balanced at 80cm. Find the current if the standard cell e.m.f. of 1.45 volt is balanced at 40 cm.



Q.10. In a Kelvin’s double bridge , there is error due to mismatch between the ratios of outer and inner arm resistances. The following data relate to this bridge. Standard resistance = 100.03μΩ, Inner ratio arms = 100.31Ω, and 200Ω. Outer ratio arms = 100.24Ω and 200Ω. The resistance of connecting leads from standard to unknown resistor is 680μΩ. Calculate the unknown resistance.

Q.11. A bakelite sheet of 5mm thickness is tested at 50 Hz between the electrodes 12cm in

diameter. The Schering bridge used has an air capacitor C2 of 106pF, a non-reactive resistance R4

of (1000/π)Ω in parallel with a variable capacitor C4 and a non-reactive variable resistance R3.

Balance is obtained with C4 = 0.55μF and R3 = 270Ω. Refer Figure

Determine the following:

(a) Capacitance

(b) Power Factor

(c) Relative Permittivity of the sheet.

Q.12.A low resistaance was measured by Kelvin double bridge. At balance the components are

found as follows:

Standard resistor = 100.03μΩ, inner ratio arms = 100.31Ω and 200Ω, resistance of link connecting the standard and unknown resistance = 700μΩ. Calculate the unknown resistance.

Q.13.Find the series equivalent inductance and resistance of the network that causes an opposite

angle (Hay bridge) to null the following bridge arms in the above figure ω=3000rad/s, R2 = 9kΩ, R1= 1.8kΩ, C1 = 0.9μF, R3= 0.9kΩ.



Q.14. In a Kelvin double bridge , there is error due to mismatch between the ratios of outer and

inner arm resistance. The following data relate to this bridge:

Standard resistance = 100.03μΩ, inner ratio arms = 100.21Ω and 200Ω, outer ratio arms = 100.14Ω and 200Ω. The resistance of the connecting leads from standard to unknown resistance is 700μΩ. Calculate the unknown resistance.

Q.15. Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance that causes a Wien bridge to

null with the following component values:

R1= 3.1kΩ, C1= 5.2μF, R2= 25kΩ, R4 =100kΩ, f= 2.5kHz

Q.16.What are theadvantages and demerits of a Schering bridges? A Schering bridge has the

following constants :-

Arm AB: Capacitor of 0.5μF in parallel with 1 KΩ resistance.

Arm BC: Resistance of 3 kΩ

Arm CD: Unknown Cx and Rx in series

Arm DA: Capacitor of 0.5μF

Frequency : 1000Hz

Determine (i) the unknown Cx and Rx and (ii) Dissipation factor.

Q.17. The followingdata relate to an Anderson bridge. The arms BC, CD and DA consist of

resistances having values 1000Ω, 1000Ω and 5000Ω respectively. Aresistance of 100Ω and a capacitance of 3μF are connected respectively to the arms DF and CF. An AC supply of 100 Hz is



applied between the terminals A and C and a detector is connected between the terminals B and F.

The detector indicates null under the above conditions. Determine the values of R and L connected

to the arm AB.

Q.18.The four arms of a bridge are:

Arm ab : an imperfect capacitor C1 with an equivalent resistance of r1

Arm bc : a non-inductive resistance R3

Arm cd : a non-inductive resistance R4

Arm ba : an imperfect capacitor C2 with an equivalent resistance r2 in series with R2

A supply of 45 Hz is given across terminals a and c . Detector is corrected between b and d. At

balance R2 = 4.8Ω, R3 =2000Ω, R4 = 2850Ω , C2 =0.5μF and r2 = 0.4Ω. Calculate the value of C1

and r1 and also the dissipating factor for this capacitor.

Q.19. A single-phase energy meter having a constant of 100 revolutions per kWh make revolutions

, when the connected load draws a current of 42 A at 230 V and 0.4p.f. for an hour. Calculate the

percentage error.

Q.20.The inductive reactance of the pressure coil circuit of a dynamometer wattmeter is 0.4%

resistance at normal frequency and the capacitance is negligible . Calculate the percent error and

correction factor due to reactance for loads at (i) 0.707p.f. lagging (ii) 0.5 p.f . lagging.

Q.21. A wattmeter has a current coil of 0.1Ω resistance and a pressure coil of 6500Ω resistance . Calculate the percentage errors , due to resistance only with each of the methods of connection ,

when reading the input to an apparatus which takes:

(a) 12 A at 250 V with unity power factor; and

(b) 12 A at 250 V with 0.4 power factor

Q.22.An electrodynamometer wattmeter is used for measurement of power in single-phase circuit.

The load voltage is 100 V and the load current is 9A at a lagging power factor of 0.1. The wattmeter

voltage circuit has a resistance of 3kΩ and an inductance of 30mH. Estimate the percentage error in the wattmeter reading when the pressure coil is connected (i) on the supply side; and (ii) on the

load side. The current coil has a resistance of 0.1Ω and negligible inductance. The frequency is 50 Hz.



Q.23. In a dynamometer wattmeter the moving coil has 500 turns of mean diameter 30mm.

Calculate the torque if the axes of the field and moving coils are at 60 when the density in the field coils is (15 * 10^ -3) Wb/m2 . The current in the moving coil is 0.05A and the power factor is

0.866.

Q.24.The current coilof a dynamometer wattmeter is connected to a 24 V d.c. source in series with

a 6Ω resistor. The potential circuit is connected through an ideal rectifier in series with a 50Hz of 100V. The inductance of pressure circuit and current coil resistance are negligible. Compute the

reading of the wattmeter.

Q.25. A 230V single phase watt hour meter has a constant load of 4A passing through it for 6 Hrs

at unity power factor. If the meter disc makes 2208 revolutions per kWh , calculate the power

factor of the load if the number of revolutions made by the meter are 1472 when operating at 230V

and 5A for 4 Hrs.

Q.26.The scale of a moving coil voltmeter is divided into 100 divisions. The dimensions of the

coil are 3cm and 2.5 cm and has 150 turns. The air gap flux density is 0.15 wb/m2. Determine the

series resistance when the meter is to be used for 0-100V. The spring constant is 2.5*10-6 Nm per

division and the resistance of the coil is 1Ω.

Q.27. A 150 V Moving Iron voltmeter has an inductance of 0.75 henry and a total resistance of

2000Ω. It is calibrated to read correctly on a 50 Hz circuit. What series resistance would be

necessary to increase its range to 600V.

Q.28.A 250 V, single phase energy meter has a constant load current of 4A passing through it for

5 hours at unity power factor. If the meter makes 1200 revolutions during this period, what is the

meter constant? If the load power factor is 0.8, find the number of revolutions the disc will make

in the above time.

Q.29. A 1000/5 A current transformer, bar primary type has loss component of exciting current

equal to 0.7% of the primary current. Find the ratio error

(i) when turns ratio is equal to nominal ratio

(ii) when the secondary turns is reduced by 5%

Q.30. The meter element of a PMMC instrument has a resistance of 5Ω and requires 15mA for full scale deflection. Calculate the resistance to be connected (i) in parallel to enable the instrument

to read upto 1 A; (ii) in series to enable it to read upt0 15V.



Q.31.A 15 V moving iron voltmeter has a resistance of 300Ω and an inductance of 0.12H. Assume that the voltmeter reads correctly on d.c., what will be the percentage error when the instrument is

used in 15V a.c . supply at 100 Hz.

Q.32.A 50A, 230 V energymeter on full- load makes 61 revolutions in 37 seconds. If the meter

constant is 520 rev/kWh , find the percentage error.



5.4 ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment 1

1. Write short notes on standards of measurement

2. Briefly describe the working of proximity sensors and optical sensors used for speed

measurement

Assignment 2

1. Write short notes on

a) Dual Trace Oscilloscope

b) Digital Storage Oscilloscope

c) Data Acquisition System



6. HS200 BUSINESS ECONOMICS




PROGRAMME: Electrical and Electronics

Engineering,

DEGREE: B.TECH

COURSE: BUSINESS ECONOMICS SEMESTER: 4 CREDITS: 3

COURSE CODE: HS200

REGULATION: 2017

COURSE TYPE: CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN:

APPLIED ECONOMICS

CONTACT HOURS: 3-0-0


(IF ANY): NIL

LAB COURSE NAME: NA

SYLLABUS:

UNIT DETAILS HOURS

I

Business Economics and its role in managerial decision making- meaning-

scope-relevance-economic problems-scarcity Vs choice (2

Hrs)-Basic concepts in economics-scarcity, choice, resource

allocation- Trade-off-opportunity cost-marginal analysis- marginal

utility theory, Law of diminishing marginal utility -production

possibility curve (2 Hrs)

4

II

Basics of Micro Economics I Demand and Supply analysis - equilibrium-

elasticity (demand and supply) (3 Hrs.) -Production

concepts-average product-marginal product-law of variable

proportions- Production function-Cobb Douglas function-problems

(3 Hrs.)

6

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Basics of Micro Economics II Concept of costs-marginal, average,

fixed, variable costs-cost curves-shut down point-long run and short

run (3 Hrs.)- Break Even Analysis-Problem-Markets-Perfect

Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly - Cartel

and collusion (3 Hrs.)

8

IV

Basics of Macro Economics - Circular flow of income-two sector

and multi-sector models- National Income Concepts-Measurement

methods -problems-Inflation, deflation (4 Hrs.)-Trade cycles-Money - stock

and flow concept-Quantity theory of money-Fischer’s Equation

and Cambridge Equation -velocity of circulation of money-credit

9



control methods-SLR, CRR, Open Market Operations-Repo and

Reverse Repo rate-emerging concepts in money-bit coin (4 Hrs.)

SECOND INTERNAL EXAM

V

Business Decisions I-Investment analysis-Capital Budgeting-NPV,

IRR, Profitability Index, ARR, Payback Period (5 Hrs.)- Business

decisions under certainty-uncertainty-selection of alternatives-risk

And sensitivity- cost benefits analysis-resource management (4 Hrs.).

VI

Business Decisions II Balance sheet preparation-principles and

Interpretation- forecasting techniques (7 Hrs.)-business financing sources of

capital- Capital and money markets-international

financing-FDI, FPI, FII-Basic Principles of taxation-direct tax,

Indirect tax-GST (2 hrs.)

9

TOTAL HOURS 36



T Geetika, Piyali Ghosh and Chodhury, Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2015

T Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning, 2006

R1 Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill, 11th edition, 2010

R2 T.N.Hajela.Money, Banking and Public Finance. Anne Books. New Delhi

R3 C Rangarajan, Indian Economy, Essays on monetary and finance, UBS

R4 I.M .Pandey, Financial Management, Vikas Publishing House. New Delhi

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To familiarize the prospective engineers with elementary Principles of Economics and

Business Economics.

2 To acquaint the students with tools and techniques that are useful in their profession in Business Decision Making which will enhance their employability;

3 To apply business analysis to the “firm” under different market conditions;

4 To apply economic models to examine current economic scenario and evaluate policy

options for addressing economic issues

5 To gain understanding of some Macroeconomic concepts to improve their ability to understand the business climate;



6 To prepare and analyse various business tools like balance sheet, cost benefit analysis and rate of returns at an elementary level

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SNO DESCRIPTION

1 Students will be able to understand business economic concepts

2 Students will be able to nurture the idea of start-ups

3 Students will be able to analyse the basic macro – economic concepts and monetary

theory

4 Students will be able to build up decision making skill under uncertain business climate

5 Students will be able to develop their professional skills by combining their technical knowledge with appropriate economic models

6 Students will be able to understand the basics of financial accounting and relevance of

accounting principles

CO-PO MAPPING

CO/PO

PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

CO 1 1 3

CO 2 3 3 3 3

CO 3 1

CO 4 3 2 2

CO 5 2 3

CO 6 2 2 2

CO-PO JUSTIFICATION

CO1-PO7 Knowledge about basic economics concepts related to micro and macro economics and model building in tally with engineering economics



CO1-PO11

Basic economic principles with simple application analysis under different conditions.Production functions and Different types of market conditions

acquainted

CO2-PO9

Problems introduced in such a way that students start thinking of solutions at

their best. This calls for group decisions where he/she will share ideas among the respective peer group. They start thinking beyond pure engineering since problems are interconnected

CO2-PO10 Simple to Complex problems are verified by themselves hence effective interactions are made possible

CO2-PO11 Economic concepts introduced are applicable under different situations. Hence

conceptual application and Solutions can be easily identified

CO2-PO12 The concepts and models introduced are handy and weighs huge application. Cobb-Douglas Production function, Technical aspects in Production, Decision

tree etc

CO3-PO7 Cost analysis and Decision analysis pertains to resource constraints. Hence the decision would be made by considering societal resource constraints

CO4-PO4

Investment analysis, Capital Budgeting, Business decisions under certainty and

uncertainty calls for analysis and interpretation of data to find solutions to complex problems

CO4-PO10

Business decision under certainty and uncertainty calls for discussion among the students and arriving at a feasible conclusion. Contradictions arises due to different levels of thinking. This calls for a systematic analysis and

presentation of the problem

CO4-PO12 Improves decision making skill, interaction and systematic analysis of the problem. An experience that can be carried to the future where students deal

with real life business situations

CO5-PO1 Knowledge on Simple economic concept applicable in a business climate. PPC, CDF, Opportunity costs, Decision tree etc

CO5-PO5

Decisions under certainty and uncertainty are a mapping of feasible solutions and identifying the best outcome. Outcomes decided calls for modeling and prediction

CO6-PO9 Account keeping calls for interaction among different departments and also knowledge about the same. This facilitates team work and group discussions

CO6-PO11

Project management involves the student to demonstrate knowledge about

different departments in a firm and approach to each departmental problems form a multi – disciplinary approach



CO6-PO12 The continuous practicing of technical economic concepts and its applications leads to an experience


SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED ACTIONS

1 Tax, Indian Economy-some facts about Indian Economy Seminars, Talks, web

sources

2 Relevant Economic problems like 1930 and 2008 recession Talks, web

3 International Economics-WTO-BOP Seminar, FM course

4 India’s Economic relation with other countries Seminar, Web

sources

5. Stock Exchange Market Seminar, Web

sources.

6 Cost Engineering Class Lectures

Proposed Actions: Topics beyond Syllabus/Assignment/Industry Visit/Guest Lecturer/Nptel Etc


1 Current Economic policies by RBI and Government of India.

2 Dollar – Rupee Scenario

3 BREXIT

4 Carbon Credit


1 www.rbi.org 4 www. comtrade.org

2 www.asi.org 5 www.euroasiapub.org/ijrim/june2012/

3 www.wto.org 6 www.startupmission.kerala.gov.in


CHALK &

TALK

STUD.

ASSIGNMENT

WEB RESOURCES LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD.

SEMINARS

ADD-ON COURSES ICT ENABLED

CLASSES




ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS GROUP

DISCUSSION(IV)



(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS


Ms. Lakshmi Vijayakumar Dr. Antony T Varghese

(HOD DBSH)



6.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl. No. Date Planned

1 Lecture 1 Introduction to business economics

2 Lecture 2 Important concepts in business economics

3 Lecture 3 Business economics in detail

4 Lecture 4 Marginal analysis

5 Lecture 5 Production Possibility Curve

6 Lecture 6 Introducing demand concept

7 Lecture 7 Introducing supply concept

8 Lecture 8 Supply -demand practice problems

9 Lecture 9 Production - concepts and curves

10 Lecture 10 Law of variable proportions

11 Lecture 11 Cobb- Douglas Production function

12 Lecture 12 Cost - concepts

13 Lecture 13 cost concepts continued + practice problems

14 Lecture 14 Shut - down point and Break even analysis

15 Lecture 15 Shut - down point and Break even analysis - Practice problems

16 Lecture 16 Markets - Types of markets

17 Lecture 17 Markets - continued

18 Lecture 18 Circular flow of Income

19 Lecture 19 Circular flow of Income - continued

20 Lecture 20 National Income concepts



21 Lecture 21 National Income concepts - continued

22 Lecture 22 Inflation and Deflation

23 Lecture 23 Inflation continued

24 Lecture 24 Trade Cycle

25 Lecture 25 Quantity theory of money

26 Lecture 26 RBI - functions

27 Lecture 27 RBI - functions

28 Lecture 28 BIT coin

29 Lecture 29 Investment analysis - Capital Budgeting

30 Lecture 30 NPV - IRR - Problems

31 Lecture 31 PI - ARR - Pay back period - Problems

32 Lecture 32 Decision theory

33 Lecture 33 Decision theory - continued

34 Lecture 34 decision theory - problems

35 Lecture 35 cost benefit analysis

36 Lecture 36 Resource management

37 Lecture 37 Demand forecasting

38 Lecture 38 Demand forecasting - problems

39 Lecture 39 Business Financing - sources of capital

40 Lecture 40 Capital and Money markets

41 Lecture 41 Balance sheet

42 Lecture 42 Balance sheet - problems



6.3 ASSIGNMENTS

GROUP

ASSIGNMENTS QUESTIONS

ROLL NO:

1 – 5

Define cost Engineering. Explain the relevance of cost Engineering. What

are the advantages and disadvantages of cost engineering? Depict some

basic practice problems on cost engineering.

6 – 10

Write a note on startups – Key initiatives of Kerala Govt. For promoting

startups – Identify any 3 startups successfully functioning in Kerala and

make a brief profile of the same – Make a brief sketch of their functioning –

What are the hurdles/bottleneck satrtups face in general.

11-15

Define Inflation – Types of inflation – define CPI and WPI measurement of

inflation – Consequences and effects of inflation – Measures to control

inflation – Define deflation and how does it happen.

16-20

Make a note on RBI – Make a current profile of banks coming under the

control of RBI - what are the functions of RBI – Explain in brief the credit

control methods of RBI – What are the current policy rates of RBI

21-25

Define National Income and Briefly quote the concepts of national income

and its calculation - Methods of measuring national income – Problems of

calculating national income – what are the macroeconomic indicators and

which indicator is the best and why? – Is GDP a real measure of national

Income Y/N?why?

26-30

Define tax and the basic principles of taxation – What are the different types

of taxation and quote the countries following corresponding taxation system

- make a brief note on types of taxes with examples – Narrate the merits and



demerits of direct and indirect taxations – Define tax evasion and tax

avoidance and its consequences

31-35

What is international Financing and make a note on relevance of

international financing – Define FDI, FPI, FII and its relevance – Give a

brief sketch on capital and money markets in India – What are the functions

of Capital and Money markets – Quote the sources of capital and money

markets

36 – 40

Define accounting and scope of management accounting – Functions of

management accounting – Define balance sheet and state the need for

maintaining balance sheet – What are assets and liabilities and give

classifications for Assets and Liabilities – Prepare 4 dummy balance sheet

account (check any accounting text books)

41-45

Make a brief history of European Union –What was the trade links of Britain

with European Union before BREXIT - What are the reasons that led to

BREXIT – What are/will be the consequences of BREXIT for both parties –

What are the advantages for other non-European countries as a result of

BREXIT

46 – 50

Explain the Dollar-Rupee scenarios – Explain the trajectory of the

emergence of dollar as international currency – What is the current position

of Dollar as international currency and why there is a proposal for multiple

international currency now? – What is appreciation of rupee against dollar?

Explain with a simple example. How does it affect the exports and imports

of a country - What is depreciation of rupee against dollar? Explain with a

simple example. How does it affect the exports and imports of a country

51-55 What is banking? Its relevance and functions – State the classification of

Banks in India under RBI and its objectives– State the non-banking financial



institutions functioning under RBI and state its functions – Which are the

financial institutions providing financial aids to startups and briefly explain

the fund scheme they have proposed – Briefly explain the private sector

banks in Kerala and their objectives

56-60

What are venture capital funds and its advantages – Name the financial

institutions providing venture capital funds and their schemes in detail –

Name the non-financial institutions providing venture capital funds and their

schemes in detail – Expalin the stages in venture capital and the risks in

venture capital funds

61-66

What are the factors which led to Balance of Payment crisis in 1991 --State

the 1991 economic reforms – Define LPG policies and its merits and

demerits –– Write a brief note on the reasons that led to 2007-08 recession -

- Write a brief note on ‘Make In India’ Policy



7. EE232 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB 1




PROGRAMME : Electrical & Electronics

Engineering

DEGREE : B.TECH

COURSE : Electrical Machines Lab - I SEMESTER : Fourth CREDITS :

1 COURSE CODE: EE232

REGULATION: UG

COURSE TYPE : CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electrical

Machines

CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours / week.


(IF ANY): Nil

LAB COURSE NAME : Nil

SYLLABUS:

CYCLE DETAILS HOUR

S

I

1. Swinburne’s Test on a DC shunt machine 2. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator

3. Load test on DC Shunt Generator 4. Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine 5. Three phase connection of single phase transformers 6. Scott Connection of single phase transformers 7. Sumpner’s Test

8. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase Transformer

24

II

1. Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor

2a. Load Test on DC Series Motor

b. Field ’s Test

3. Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines

4. Retardation Test on a DC machine

5. Load test on a Single Phase Transformer

24



Total hours 48



T Dr. P. S. Bimbra, Electrical Machinery, Khanna Publishers

T Theraja B. L., A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand & Company, New

Delhi, 2008.



EE205

DC Machines and

Transformers

To give exposure to the students about the concepts of direct current machines and transformers, including their constructional details, principle of operation and performance analysis.

S3

BE101-

03

Introduction to Electrical

Engineering

The objective of this course is to set a firm and solid foundation in

Electrical Engineering

To equip the students with strong analytical skills and conceptual

understanding of basic laws and

analysis methods in electrical and in

electrical and magnetic circuits.

S1

COURSE OBJECTIVE

To learn the working and testing methods of DC Machines and Transformers

COURSE OUTCOMES:

Sl.

No.

DESCRIPTI

ON

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level



1

Students will be able to predict the performance of DC machines

and Transformers using standard equivalent circuit models

Application

[Level3]

2

Students will be able to select the appropriate machines based on

the application requirements

Knowledge

[Level 1]

3

Students will be able to illustrate laboratory data and experimental results using professional quality graphical

representations

Comprehension

[Level 2]

4

Students will work in teams to conduct experiments, analyze

results, and develop technically sound reports of outcomes.

Analysis

[Level 4]

5

Students will be able to identify faults occurring in machines and

take necessary corrective measures

Comprehension

[Level 2]



PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO

1

PSO

2

PSO

3

C 232.1 3 3 3 2

C 232.2 2 3 3 2

C 232.3 2 2

C 232.4 2 3

C 232.5 3 3 3 2

EE232 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

JUSTIFATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING




C 232.1-

PO1

H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of DC machines to

predict their performance

C 232.1-

PO3

H Students will be able to design system components based on the

performance characteristics of DC machines & transformers

C 232.1-

PO4

H Students will be able to provide valid conclusions regarding complex

engineering based on the characteristics of machines

C 232.2-

PO1

M Students can apply the knowledge of basic engineering to select

machines based on the application

C 232.2-

PO2

H Students will be able to analyze the characteristics of various machines

and provide substantiated conclusions

C 232.2-

PO4

H Students will be able to interpret the data the from various experiments

and provide suggestions for different applications

C 232.3-

PO2

M Student will be able to easily analyze the characteristics of machines

using graphical representations

C 232.3-

PO3

M Student will be able to design solutions for engineering problems from

graphical representations

C 232.4-

PO4

M Student will be able to conduct experiments on DC Machines &

transformers and interpret the data and provide valid suggestions

C 232.4-

PO9

H Student will be able to work as a team and function effectively in

multidisciplinary environments

C 232.5-

PO2

H Student will be able to formulate the problems in the area of fault

analysis o transformers and dc machines

C 232.5-

PO3

H Student will be able to design solutions for faults occurring in

machines

C 232.5-

PO4

H Students will be able to conduct investigations on machine faults and

provide valid suggestions




Sl.

NO:


ACTIONS 1 It would be better for students if methods of speed

control technique for DC motors are included To be included in

Syllabus PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY



1 MATLAB _ Simulink model can be used for enhanced learning and understanding the

DC Machines.


1 Prof. P. Sasidhara Rao, Prof. G. Sridhara Rao, Dr. Krishna Vasudevan (July 2012)

Electrical Machine – 1 www.nptel.com Retrieved July 11, 2014, from URL:

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT- MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_I/index.php


CHALK & TALK STUD. ASSIGNMENT WEB RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS STUD. SEMINARS ADD-ON COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON COURSES OTHERS

http://www.nptel.com/

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_I/index.php

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_I/index.php





(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY



OTHERS

Prepared By; Approved By;

Mr. Sanil Sharahudeen Ms. Santhi B

HOD, EEE

Course Handout


7.2 COURSE PLAN

Sl.No Cycle Planned Date Planned

1 1 03/01/2018 Introduction to LAB and Experiments -Batch A & Batch B

2 1 10/01/2018 Swi ur e’s Test -Batch A

3 1 11/01/2018 Swi ur e’s Test -Batch B

4 1 17/01/2018 Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator-

Batch A

5 1 18/01/2018 Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator-

Batch B

6 1 24/01/2018 Load test on DC Shunt Generator- Batch A

7 1 25/01/2018 Load test on DC Shunt Generator- Batch B

8 1 31/01/2018 Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine- Batch A

9 1 01/02/2018 Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine -Batch B

10 1 07/02/2018 Three phase connection of single phase transformers-

Batch A

11 1 08/02/2018 Three phase connection of single phase transformers-

Batch B

12 1 14/02/2018 Scott Connection of single phase transformers- Batch A

13 1 15/02/2018 Scott Connection of single phase transformers- Batch B

14 1 21/02/2018 Su p er’s Test- Batch A

15 1 22/02/2018 Su p er’s Test- Batch B

16 1 28/02/2018 Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase

Transformer- Batch A

17 1 01/03/2018 Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase

Transformer- Batch B

Course Handout


18 2 07/03/2018 Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor & Load Test on DC Series

Motor - Batch A

19 2 08/03/2018 Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor & Load Test on DC Series

Motor - Batch B

20 2 14/03/2018 Hopki so ’s Test o a pair of DC a hi es & Retardation

Test on a DC machine- Batch A

21 2 15/03/2018 Hopki so ’s Test o a pair of DC a hi es & Retardatio Test on a DC machine- Batch B

22 2 21/03/2018 Load test on a Single Phase Transformer & Parallel

operation of Single Phase Transformers- Batch A

23 2 22/03/2018 Load test on a Single Phase Transformer & Parallel

operation of Single Phase Transformers- Batch B

24 2 28/03/2018 Separation of losses in a single phase transformer & O.C

and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer- Batch A

25 2 29/03/2018 Separation of losses in a single phase transformer & O.C

and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer- Batch B

26 1&2 04/04/2018 Repeat + Practice Lab- Batch A

27 1&2 05/04/2018 Repeat + Practice Lab- Batch B

28 1&2 11/04/2018 Exam - Batch A

29 1&2 12/04/2018 Exam - Batch B

Course Handout


7.3 LAB CYCLE

CYCLE I

1. Swinburne’s Test on a DC shunt machine

2. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator

3. Load test on DC Shunt Generator

4. Separation of losses in a D.C. Shunt Machine

5. Three phase connection of single phase transformers

6. Scott Connection of single phase transformers

7. Sumpner’s Test

8. Open Circuit and Short circuit tests on Single Phase Transformer

CYCLE II

1. Brake Test on a DC Shunt Motor

2. A) Load Test on DC Series Motor

B) Field ’s Test

3. Hopkinson’s Test on a pair of DC machines

4. Retardation Test on a DC machine

5. Load test on a Single Phase Transformer

6. Parallel operation of Single Phase Transformers

7. Separation of losses in a single phase transformer

8. O.C and S.C. tests on Three Phase Transformer

Course Handout


7.4 OPEN QUESTIONS

1. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at rated rpm.

2. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at 1000

rpm.

3. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Separately Excited DC Generator at half rated speed.

4. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at rated rpm.

5. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at 1000 rpm.

6. Plot the OCC / No-load Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator at half rated speed.

7. Plot the Load Characteristics / External Characteristics of a Self Excited DC Generator.

8. Plot the External Characteristics and Internal Characteristics by conducting a suitable

test on the given dc shunt generator.

9. Plot the Magnetic Characteristics and find the critical resistance of a d c shunt generator for 1800 rpm. The m/c should be run at rated rpm only.

10. Find the maximum voltage which the generator can generate when the m/c runs at its rated speed.

11. Find the maximum voltage which the generator can generate when the m/c runs at 800

rpm.Given the field resistance as 170 . The m/c should be run at rated rpm only.

12. Find the resistance at which the given shunt generator just fails to excite experimentally.

13. Calculate the maximum emf generated for a field circuit resistance of 200 .

Course Handout


14. By conducting a suitable test find whether a d c motor / d c generator is having higher

at ½ load.

15. Determine the , torque and output power of a dc shunt motor at 1/4th and 3/4th full-load by conducting a suitable experiment.

16. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c series motor and draw its mechanical Characteristics.

17. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c shunt motor and draw its electrical Characteristics.

18. Find the electrical characteristics of a motor used for traction purposes.

19. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a variable speed motor.

20. Select a suitable motor for a printing press and justify your answer experimentally or obtain its torque-speed characteristics.

21. Select a constant speed dc motor .Obtain the speed-torque characteristics of the motor experimentally.

22. Calculate the o/p power,shaft torque and of a variable speed d c m/c at 3/4th full

load.

23. Find the o/p power, , speed and torque of a variable speed d c m/c at 60 % of rated current by conducting a suitable test.

24. Select a suitable motor which has highest starting torque from your m/c lab .Obtain

the relation b/w Torque and armature current of the same motor.

25. Pre-determine the at 3/4th full load of a constant speed d c motor.

26. Pre-determine the at 70% of full load of a constant speed d c generator experimentally.

Course Handout


27. Perform a suitable expt. on a d c compound motor and draw its mechanical Characteristics.

28. Find the of the given constant speed d c generator at 3/4th full load.

29. Obtain the equivalent circuit referred to low voltage side of a 1 transformer by

conducting a suitable test.

30. By conducting a suitable test on the given 1 transformer, construct the no-load

vector diagram.

31. Perform the load test on a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer and find the .o/p power

and regulation

32. Conduct a suitable test on a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer to pre-determine the

percentage load at maximum .

33. Pre-determine the regulation at ½,3/4 and full load of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA

transformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead..

34. Pre-determine the regulation at ½,3/4 and full load of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead.

35. Pre-determine the at ½ full load and full load of a 1 240/120V,1kVA

transformer.Assume the load is having a pf of 0.8 lead.

36. Pre-determine the regulation at ½ full load of a 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer.Assume the loads are having a pf of 0.8 lead , 0.6 lag and upf.

37. Find the vs o/p, regulation vs o/p curve of a given 1 240/120V,1kVA transformer.

38. Plot the torque-slip characteristics of a 3 squirrel cage IM.

39. Obtain the mechanical characteristics of a 3 squirrel cage IM.

Course Handout


7.5 ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a 3 squirrel cage IM by conducting a suitable

test.

2. Find the torque at max. of a given 3 IM.

3. Find the o/p power, , slip, speed and torque at 60 % full load of a given m/c.Use 440V supply as input.

4. Obtain the performance characteristics of an IM. Use 230V supply.

5. Obtain the electrical characteristics of a 1 IM by conducting a suitable test.

6. Obtain the electrical characteristics/torque-current characteristics of a Capacitor Start

Capacitor run motor.

7. Plot the variation in pf and o/p of a 3 squirrel cage IM experimentally.

8. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.8pf lag using e.m.f /synchronous / pessimistic method.

9. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.6pf lead

using e.m.f /synchronous / pessimistic method .

10. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.6pf lag

using m.m.f /Ampereturn / optimistic method.

11. Predetermine the voltage regulation of the given alternator at Full load 0.8pf lead using m.m.f /Ampereturn / optimistic method.

Course Handout


8. EE234 CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS LAB

Course Handout



PROGRAMME : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING DEGREE : BTECH

COURSE : CIRCUITS & MEASUREMENTS LAB SEMESTER : IV CREDITS : 2

COURSE CODE: EE 234 REGULATION: 2016 COURSE TYPE : CORE

COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ELECTRICAL MEAS UREMENTS CONTACT HOURS : 3 hours/Week.

CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): Nil LAB COURSE NAME : Nil

Syllabus Cover:

CYCLE DETAILS HOURS

I

1. Verification of Superposition Theorem in dc circuits.

2. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem in dc circuits. 3. Determination of impedance, admittance, power factor and real/reactive/ apparent power drawn in RLC series/parallel circuits. 4. 3-

phase power measurement using one wattmeter and two-wattmeter method.

5. Determination of B-H curve, μ-H curve and μ-B curve of an iron ring specimen. 6. Measurement of voltmeter and ammeter resistances using Wheatstone’s bridge and Kelvin’s double bridge and extension of range of voltmeters and ammeters

7. Measurement of self/ mutual inductance and coupling co-efficient of iron cored coil and air-cored coil. 8. Extension of instrument range by using Instrument transformers(CT and PT)

24

II

9. Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct and phantom

loading at various power factors. 10. Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter.

11. Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple 12. a) Characteristics of LVDT. b) Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD meter

c) Current measurement using Clamp on meter

12

TOTAL 36

REFERENCE BOOKS:

R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION

R1 Sawhney AK: A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements & instrumentation,

Dhanpat Rai .

R 2 J B Gupta : A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation., S K Kataria & Sons

R3 Kalsi H. S., Electronic Instrumentation, 3/e, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2012



Course Handout


EE 100

Introduction to

Electrical

Engineering

The Course will help the students for learning

advanced topics in electrical engineering S1

EE 201 Circuits &

Networks

To provide a knowledge pf network analysis using

various network theorems S3

EE 208

Measurements

and

Instrumentation

To provide knowledge in the specific area of electrical measurements.

To expose students to various measuring instruments.

S4

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1 To develop measurement systems for various electrical circuits and systems and to use

different transducers for measurement of physical variables.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

SlNO DESCRIPTION

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Level

1 Students will be able to analyze RLC circuits and coupled circuit

to obtain the voltage -current relations

Analysis

[Level 4]

2 Students will be able to justify DC netwok theorems by setting up various networks

Comprehension

[Level 2]

3 Students will be able to perform calibration of single phase and three phase energy meter at various power factors

Application

[Level 3]

4 Students will be able to measure power in a single and three phase circuits by various methods

Knowledge

[Level 1]

5 Students will be able to derive the magnetic characteristics of iron

ring specimen

Synthesis

[Level 5]



PO

1

PO

2

PO

3

PO

4

PO

5

PO

6

PO

7

PO

8

PO

9

PO

10

PO

11

PO

12

PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3

C 234.1 3 3 1

C 234. 2 3 2 2 1

C 234. 3 3 3 3 1

Course Handout


C 234. 4 3 3 2 1

C 234. 5 3 3 2 1

EE 234 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING


C234.1-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of Electrical

Engineering analyse various circuits

C234.1-PO2 H Students will be able to identify & formulate voltage -current

relations of RLC Circuits

C234.2-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of network theory

to verify various network theorems experimentally

C234.2-PO3 M Students will be able to design system components based on

network theorems

C234.2-PO4 M Students will be able to interpret network data based on various

network theorems

C234.3-PO5 H Students will be able to apply appropriate techniques to calibrate

energy meters

C234.3-PO9 H Students will be able to work as a team while conducting

experiments

C234.3-PO12 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of calibration of

meters while working in an industrial environment

C234.4-PO4 H Students will be able to provide valid conclusions based on the

power in single phase and three phase circuits

C234.4-PO5 H Students will be able to predict the performance of electrical

circuits based on the power measurement

C234.5-PO1 H Students will be able to apply the knowledge of Electrical

Engineering to illustrate the B-H characteristics of iron

specimen

C234.5-PO2 H Students will be able to arrive at substantial conclusions based

on the magnetic characteristics

Course Handout


C234.5-PO3 M Students will be able to provide suggestions for the

improvement of performance of transformers based on the

magnetic characteristics

GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION

REQUIREMENTS:


ACTIONS

1 Locus Diagram of R-L & R-C Circuits Add on Experiment

Proposed Actions: Topics Beyond Syllabus/Assignment/Industry Visit/Guest Lecturer/Nptel

Etc


1 Measurement of frequency & Lissajous patterns in CRO


1 www.nptel.iitm.ac.in –Retrieved date 5/7/2013


CHALK & TALK STUD. ASSIGNMENT WEB RESOURCES

LCD/SMART

BOARDS

STUD. SEMINARS ADD-ON COURSES


ASSIGNMENTS STUD.

SEMINARS

TESTS/MODEL

EXAMS

UNIV.

EXAMINATION

STUD. LAB

PRACTICES


PROJECTS

CERTIFICATIONS

ADD-ON

COURSES

OTHERS



(BY FEEDBACK, ONCE)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ON

FACULTY (TWICE)



OTHERS

Prepared by Approved By

Dr. Unnikrishnan P. C. Ms.Santhi B.

Ms. Renu George HOD,DEE

http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/

Course Handout


8.2 COURSE PLAN

Batch A

Lab Slot

Planned Batch B

Lab Slot

1 Introduction 1

2 Verification of Superposition Theorem 2

3 Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem 3

4 RLC Series & Parallel Circuit

Locus Diagram of RL & RC Circuits 4

5 Measurement of Three phase Power 5

6 B-H Curve 6

7 Measurement of Resistance using (1) Wheatstone’s Bridge (2) Voltmeter Ammeter Method (3) Kelvin’s Bridge

7

8 Measurement of Self inductance, Mutual Inductance,

Coupling Coefficient 8

9 Extension of Range of meters using Multipliers & Instrument

transformers 9

10 Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct

loading at various power factors 10

11 Calibration of single phase energy meter by phantom loading

at various power factors 11

12 Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard

wattmeter. 12

13 Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple 13

14

Characteristics of LVDT.

Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD

meter--Current measurement using Clamp on meter

14

15 Exam 15

Course Handout


8.3 LAB CYCLE

CYCLE I

1. Verification of Superposition Theorem in dc circuits.

2. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem in dc circuits.

3. Determination of impedance, admittance, power factor and real/reactive/ apparent

power drawn in RLC series/parallel circuits. 4. 3-phase power measurement using one

wattmeter and two-wattmeter method.

5. Determination of B-H curve, μ-H curve and μ-B curve of an iron ring specimen.

6. Measurement of voltmeter and ammeter resistances using Wheatstone’s bridge and

Kelvin’s double bridge and extension of range of voltmeters and ammeters

7. Measurement of self/ mutual inductance and coupling co-efficient of iron cored

coil and air-cored coil.

8. Extension of instrument range by using Instrument transformers (CT and PT)

CYCLE II

9. Calibration of single phase energy meter by direct and phantom loading at various

power factors.

10. Calibration of 3-phase energy meter using standard wattmeter.

11. Characteristics of Thermistor, RTD, and Thermocouple

12. a) Characteristics of LVDT.

b) Measurement of energy using electronic Energy meter/TOD meter

c) Current measurement using Clamp on meter

Course Handout


8.4 OPEN QUESTIONS

Thevenin / Superposition Theorem

1. Using the Superposition theorem ,pre-determine the current through the 100

resistor in the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally.

25 V

50

+

-

30 V

50

100

+

-

2. Using the Superposition theorem , pre-determine the current through the 50 resistor

in the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally. 180

+

-

30 V

100

50

+

-

30V

3. Using the Superposition theorem, pre-determine the currents through the various

branches of the circuit given below . Verify the result experimentally. 100

+

-

25 V

80

50

+

-

30V

4. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent of the given circuit analytically, and verify the result

experimentally.

100

200 V

100

100

A

B

RL=50

Course Handout


Single phase energy meter/ wattmeter

1. Find the energy consumed by a resistive load of 200 fo0r a period of 4 hours. Verify your result by conducting a suitable experiment.

2. Determine the error associated with the given single phase energy-meter and the given single phase wattmeter by conducting suitable experiments, and hence draw the error

curves for both .(Use loading rheostat 5kW, 20A ) 3. Calibrate the given single phase energy-meter and wattmeter ( draw the calibration

curve).

4. Verify the value of the energy meter constant of the given single phase energy meter by conducting a suitable experiment . Assume that any other meters used are error-

free. 5. Calculate the multiplying factor of the given single phase wattmeter (250V, 10A )

using an energy meter for a constant load current of 3 A.

6. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase induction motor at 5 A using two wattmeters. Also calculate the power factor at this load.

Derive the formulae used with the help of the respective phasor diagrams. 7. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase induction

motor at a pf below 0.5 using two wattmeters. Derive the formulae used with the help

of the respective phasor diagrams. 8. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase induction

motor at a pf below 0.5 using two wattmeters. Derive the formulae used with the help of the respective phasor diagrams.

9. Find the active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase induction

motor at a pf above 0.5 using two wattmeters. 10. Find the no load active and reactive power consumed by the given three phase

induction motor using two wattmeters. Also determine the power factor. 11. Set up a circuit to measure the power factor of a balanced three-phase load using two

wattmeters. Observe experimentally how the pf varies as the load increases and hence

plot the pf versus output characteristics.

BH Curves

1. Plot the magnetic characteristics of the given magnetic specimen by conducting a

suitable experiment.

2. Plot the magnetic characteristics of the given 200/240 V transformed by

conducting a suitable experiment. 3. Determine the no-load power factor of the given 200/240V transformer, by

conducting suitable experiment

Serier/ Parallel R-L-C Circuit

1. Obtain the condition for resonance in a series R-L-C circuit by conducting a

suitable experiment and show that the voltage across the inductor /capacitor is much greater than the input or supply voltage . Obtain the pf and draw the phasor

diagram corresponding to this condition.

Course Handout


2. For the given R-L-C series circuit (R=100 ) obtain the condition when Vout>Vin. Verify the same experimentally. Determine the power factor at this condition.

3. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition VL>Vc. Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagram

also. Use R= 50 , 5A , L= inductive load , and C = 40µF. 4. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition

Vc.VL.Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor

diagram also. Use R= 50 , 5A , L= inductive load , and C= 40µF. 5. Obtain the power factor of the given parallel R-L-C circuit for the condition Ic>IL.

Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagram also .Use R= 50 ,5A , L= inductive load and C= 40µF.

6. Obtain the power factor of the given series R-L-C circuit for the condition IL>IC.

Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and verify the pf from the phasor diagram also. Use R= 50 ,5A , L= inductive load , and C= 40 µF.

7. Obtain the condition for resonance in a parallel R-L-C circuit by conducting a suitable experiment and show that the current through the inductor /capacitor is much greater than the input or total current. Obtain the pf and draw the phasor

diagram corresponding to this condition. 8. Plot the resonance curve for the given series R-L-C circuit. Take R=50 , 5A ,

L= inductive load , C = 40µF. 9. Find the resonant frequency, half power frequencies and band-width of the given

series R-L-C circuit.

R L C

50 0.25 H 40 F

10. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify the same experimentally for VL>VC.

11. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify the same experimentally for Vc>VL.

12. Determine the voltage/current relationship in a series R-L-C circuit and verify the

same experimentally for VC=VL. 13. By conducting a suitable test, determine the quality factor of the inductive coil in

the given R-L-C circuit . R=50 ,5A , L= inductive load , C= 40µF.

Single phase power and power factor measurement

1. Determine the power factor of the given RL load 150V and develop a circuit to improve the power factor.

2. Determine the power and power factor of the given RL load at a load current of

2.5A experimentally and check how power factor improvement can be achieved by connecting a capacitor in the above circuit.

3. Determine the voltage-current relationship in a series RL circuit by conducting a

suitable experiment. Determine the pf of the circuit at a load current of 3A and verify the same.

Course Handout


4. Measure the power dissipated in the given RL load ( R= 100 ) using voltmeters only . Verify the same using a wattmeter . Also measure the power factor factor of the load.

5. Meassure the power dissipated in the given RL load (R= 100 ) using ammeters only . Verify the same using a wattmeter. Also measure the power factor of the

load. 6. Find the values of resistance and inductance of the given choke coil using three

ammeters only.

7. Find the values of resistance and inductance of the given choke coil using three voltmeters only.

Measurement of self inductance, mutual inductance and co-efficient of coupling

1. Determine the coefficient of coupling of given transformer.

Extension of range of ammeter voltmeter and wattmeter

1. Extend the range of 0-50V moving coil voltmeter to measure a maximum of 150V

using multiplier.

2. Extend the range of 0-150V moving iron voltmeter to measure a maximum of 250V

using potential transformer.

3. Extend the range of 0-1A moving iron ammeter to measure a maximum of 10V using

current transformer.

4. Extend the range of 150V,5A wattmeter to 250V,10A of using potential transformer

and current transformer.

Calibration of Energy Meter

1. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.707 pf lag.


3. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.5 pf lead.


5. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at 0.866 pf lead.

6. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by direct loading at unity pf.

7. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at unity pf.

8. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.866 pf lag.

9. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.866 pf lead.

10. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.5 pf lag.

11. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by phantom loading at 0.5 pf lead.

Course Handout


12. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at unity

pf.

13. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at

0.866 pf lag.

14. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at

0.866 pf lead.

15. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at 0.5

pf lag.

16. Calibrate given single phase energy meter by using phase shifting transformer at 0.5

pf lead.

Course Handout


8.5 ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Locus Diagram of R-L and R-C circuits

1. Plot the locus diagram of a R-L Circuit by varying resistance ‘R’ by wiring a

suitable set up.

2. Plot the locus diagram of a R-C Circuit by varying resistance ‘R’ by wiring a

suitable set up.

3. Plot the locus diagram of a R-L Circuit by varying resistance ‘L’ by wiring a

suitable set up.

Documents

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