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Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet
Course Objectives At the end of the Start Crewing course, participants will:
• Be able to competently understand their role when crewing a keelboat, including the basics of sailing, boat handling, safety and sailing theory. • Understand where they can progress to, if they want to extend their sailing skills and experience. • Meet all Start Crewing criteria outlined in the Keelboat Syllabus and Logbook:
Preparation
¨ Understands the importance of the correct fitting and wearing of life jackets
¨ Understands the importance of appropriate clothing and footwear Boats and Equipment
¨ Has basic knowledge of sailing terms, parts of boats, rigging and sails
¨ Can bend on, hoist, lower and stow sails
Ropework ¨ Can tie the following knots: figure of eight, bowline, round
turn & two half hitches ¨ Has basic knowledge of the use of sheets, halyards,
winches, clutches, mooring lines and cleats ¨ Can coil and stow a rope
Skills and Techniques ¨ Understands the theory and basic principles of sailing,
including tacking and gybing ¨ Has basic wind awareness ¨ 3 steer a boat on all points of sail under supervision ¨ Can trim sails on all points of sail
Safety and Emergencies
¨ Understands the correct action to be taken to recover a man overboard
¨ Understands the correct use of safety equipment on board ¨ Is aware of hazards on board a boat and understands how to
avoid them Sailing theory
¨ Has awareness of the basic rules of the road ¨ Can maintain a continuous lookout
Note: These timings are based upon an Instructor to Participant ratio of 1:5 and it is recommended that the majority of content is covered in a practical approach, maximising the time the participants get to spend on the water. Disclaimer: This recommended sequence of activities is a guide for instructors, which directly links to the Keelboat syllabus. It is the instructor’s responsibility to ensure the activities they run are suitable for the conditions and specific group of participants at the time of running the accredited Learn to Sail (or Powerboat) course.
Course Outline Session Duration
1 3hrs 2 3hrs 3 3hrs 4 3hrs
Total 12hrs* * 12 hours is the suggested minimum time, and can be manipulated to run over as many sessions the centre/instructor deems appropriate, e.g. 2 x 6hrs
Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 1 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Introduction to centre, the instructors and the course (25min)
• Training area. • Relevant rules or behaviour expectations when
attending the centre. • What the course includes. • What is required in order for them to succeed.
• Take participants on a tour of the centre, highlighting hazards and how to avoid them. Identify location of change rooms, toilets and evacuation meeting point/s.
• Outline plan for the session – complete any outstanding paperwork including medical history, emergency contact, etc. Explain any rules regarding behaviour or dress code at the centre.
• Participants share why they are at the course and their current experience.
• Centre map if available, highlighting evacuation plan.
• AS Keelboat pathway • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • Introductory Keelboat (IK)
text • Participant List • Keelboat Instructor Notes
(KIN) Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore
(15min)
• Importance of safety equipment. • Appropriate clothing and footwear to be worn. • Correct use of lifejacket • Weather briefing
• Identify correct clothing and footwear to be worn. • Explain importance of maintaining and correctly
wearing a lifejacket. • Weather briefing – highlighting any potential risks.
Helps to determine what clothes are required and whether sailing will occur. Start with this, prior to getting to boat.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
• Pg 24-25 IK • Lifejacket – spare gas
cylinder if wanting to demonstrate deploying lifejacket.
Safety Briefing – on/near boat
(30min)
• Hazards both on board and on shore, and know how to avoid them.
• Correct action to be taken to recover a man overboard (MOB).
• Identify safety equipment on board and stowage • Identify hazards on board, as well as other places
around the Discover Sailing Centre. Walk around area to highlight any potential hazards.
• Explain necessary action to recover a man overboard – especially in the event the instructor falls overboard.
• Correct action: Deploy anchor (demonstrate this), have instructor swim to boat.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
• Anchor that accessible and ready to be deployed
Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Rigging – on boat, docked (30min)
• Safe and effective use of sheets, winches and cleats. • How to rig a boat correctly, as per class requirements • Parts of the boat
• Explanation, Demonstration, Imitation, Correction, and allow participants to Practice (EDICP): Correct method for tightening mooring lines.
• EDICP: Correct technique for bending sails (secure sails to spars), rigging sheets and halyards.
• Assign each participant a role. Two on headsail, e.g. one bending on, one attaching control lines.
• Boat to be facing breeze when hoisting sails.
• Boat – vessel that meets the Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines
• Pg 30-33, 49 IK
Sailing Activity – Wind Awareness & Crew Positions (60min)
• Basic theory of sailing and by being actively involved. • Engaging, fun and safe introduction to sailing.
• Basic theory of sailing demonstrated and explained, including: wind awareness and wind indicator – this is done on the water.
• Ask participants where wind is coming from (Turn until wind is on your face) – explain wind indicator.
• Crew positions, use of sheets and manoeuvres demonstrated and explained.
• Headsail trimmer, mainsail trimmer, helmsperson, etc. • Begin to introduce terminology commonly used. • Instructor on helm at all times – ensuring participants
are introduced to a safe, controlled and engaging sailing session. Rotate crew between main and jib.
• Instructor in charge of boat – observe participants’ comfort level, skill and ability (this will help guide future sessions.
• Articulate what makes a comfortable/easy sail (back and forward) – reaching, boat is flat. Progress difficulty of sail throughout session.
• Pg 12-17 IK • Boat – vessel that meets the
Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines
• Radio/phone
Unrig boat (10min)
• Unrig boat and pack up • Instructor to explain how to unrig boat, ensuring
participants are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they
had when rigging the boat.
Debrief (10min)
• Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the
session. • Preview next session.
• Provide general overview of the session focussing on participants identifying problem areas and successes.
• Provide text references for next week, so participants can do some pre-reading.
• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • IK
Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 2 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore (20min)
• Importance of safety equipment and emergency procedures.
• Recap on first session. • Points of sail.
• Review safety equipment and what to do in the event of a man overboard.
• Ask participants where different safety equipment is located on boat.
• Have participants demonstrate correct fitting of their own life jackets.
• Review/introduce points of sail. • Can cover “Rules of the Road” in classroom if
preferred.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
Sailing Theory – Terminology and Boat Parts – on boat, docked (20min)
• Sailing terminology. • Parts of boats.
• Review terminology and introduce new terminology, including boat parts.
• Use text and/or ask individual participants to point to or explain where certain parts of the boat are.
• Pg 6-7 IK
Ropework & Rigging – on boat, docked (also able to do activity on land if inclement weather) (15min)
• Tying the following knots: Figure of Eight, the Bowline
and Round Turn with two half hitches.
• EDICP: Knot tying, providing feedback along the way. • Use text to explain the various uses for each knot. • Various apps may also be used. • After demonstrating each knot, assign a knot to each
participant and have them use it to rig the boat (similar role to session 1).
• Pg 58-61 IK
Reefing – on boat, docked (20min)
• Bending sails for reefing.
• EDICP: Correct method for bending sails for reefing. • Demonstrate this and explain the situations this is
useful: strong winds, short crew, etc.
• Pg 30-31, 74 IK
Sailing Theory – Rules of the Road (20min)
• Basic rules of the road. • Explain rules of the road, channel marks, power vs. sail
and ferries. • As you sail around the area, point out different markers. • Prior to leaving shore, discuss rules of the road but
when on water – explain real actions that are required to avoid collisions and groundings.
• Pg 66-67 IK • Whiteboard • Local chart • State Boating Handbook
Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Sailing Activity – Tacking and Maintaining Lookout (60min)
• Theory and basic principles of tacking. • On-boat, docked demonstration. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout.
• Instructor to talk through and demonstrate leaving the shore, in order to get out on the water to begin tacking.
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of tacking. • Explain importance and demonstrate correct method of
maintaining lookout. • Instructor on helm, carries out process of tacking
ensuring each crew member demonstrates their role effectively, and has the opportunity to rotate around all positions.
• 6 tacks per rotation, more if required – this allows people to get comfortable in their role, however it also allows instructor suitable time to review each person doing their role. (Use heave-to position to rotate)
• Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.
• Boat – vessel that meets the Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines
• Pg 18-19, 44-45 IK • KIN: Tacking • Activity Card 1 – Tacking
Unrig boat (10min)
• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring
participants are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they
had when rigging the boat.
Debrief (10min)
• Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the
session. • Preview next session.
• Provide general overview of the session focussing on participants identifying problem areas and successes.
• Provide text references for next week, so participants can do some pre-reading.
• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • IK
Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 3 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Safety Briefing – on boat, docked / onshore (20min)
• Importance of safety equipment and emergency procedures.
• Recap previous session.
• Review safety equipment and what to do in the event of a man overboard, and fit life jackets correctly.
• Review hazards and determine how best to avoid them.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
Rigging – on boat, docked (10min)
• Bending sails for reefing. • Demonstrate the correct method for bending on sails
and rigging sheets. • Allocate different roles for rigging – provide feedback as
participants rig boat.
• Pg 30-31IK • Sheets (rope)
Sailing Activity – Tacking & Gybing (110min)
• Theory and basic principles of tacking and gybing. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout.
• EDICP and review: Correct and safe method of tacking. • Rotate roles and provide feedback (familiarise
participants with roles again). • Review Tacking activity card • EDICP: Correct and safe method of gybing. • 6 gybes per rotation, more if required – this allows
people to get comfortable in their role, however it also allows instructor suitable time to review each person doing their role. (Use heave-to position to rotate)
• Reiterate importance and demonstrate correct method of maintaining lookout.
• Rotate positions, provide feedback. Refer to activity card.
• Boat – vessel that meets the Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines
• Pg 18-19, 20-21, 44-47 IK • KIN: Tacking, Gybing • Activity Card 1 – Tacking • Activity Card 2 – Gybing
Unrig boat (10min)
• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring
participants are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they
had when rigging the boat.
Debrief (25min)
• Correct method of coiling and stowing ropes. • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the
session. • Preview next session.
• EDICP: Correct method of coiling and stowing ropes. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on
participants identifying problem areas and successes. • Provide text references for next week, so participants
can do some pre-reading.
• Pg 61 IK • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • IK
Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 4 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Safety Briefing – on boat, docked / onshore (30min)
• Importance of safety equipment and emergency procedures.
• Awareness of man overboard recovery procedure
• Review safety equipment and fit life jackets correctly. • Explain correct procedure in recovering a man
overboard – briefing of activity to occur on-water.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
Rigging – on boat, docked (15min) • Bending sails for reefing and has basic knowledge of
halyards. • EDICP: Correct method for bending on sails, rigging
sheets, halyards and reefing. • Pg 30-31IK • Sheets (rope)
Sailing Activity – Trimming Sails and Recovery of MOB (110min)
• Trimming sails on all points of sail. • Steering a boat on all points of sail under supervision. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout. • Correct action to be taken to recover a MOB.
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of trimming sails to all points of sail as a crew.
• Instructor sails a range of points • EDICP: Correct and safe method of the action required
to safely recover a man overboard. • Carry out MOB Recovery three times, if MOB is not
recovered, review ‘why’ and try again. • Rotate positions of all crew/helm, ensuring you (as
instructor) still remain in charge and can take control of boat if required. (Use heave-to position to rotate)
• Instructor on helm for demo, can then pass helm on to participant, ensuring in arm’s length to take control.
• Do not use life ring as MOB object, you can tie a rope and a bucket to a lifejacket instead.
• Pg 40-41, 72-73 IK • MOB Dummy if available or
suitable replacement • Activity Card 3 – MOB
Recovery • KIN: MOB Recovery
Unrig boat (10min) • Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring
participants are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they
had when rigging the boat.
Debrief (15min) • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the
session. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on
participants identifying problem areas and successes. • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log
Sign or ‘defer’ participant’s logbook • All Start Crewing skills
• Logbooks signed and dated (those that have not adequately demonstrated course skills can be provided an action plan).
• Discuss options for those people who have not acquired the course skills.
• Sign or defer participants’ logbooks.
• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet
Course Objectives At the end of the Start Helming course, participants will:
• Meet all Start Helming criteria outlined in the Keelboat Syllabus and Logbook:
Preparation ¨ Understands the importance of the correct fitting and
wearing of life jackets ¨ Understands the importance of appropriate clothing and
footwear ¨ Understands and complies with the rules for wearing of
life jackets Boats and Equipment
¨ Can prepare the sails and rig the boat ¨ Knows correct use of halyards, sheets and associated
deck hardware Ropework
¨ Ability to tie the following knots and know their correct use: figure of eight, bowline, round turn & two half hitches, clove hitch and reef knot
¨ Can reef and shake out reefs whilst underway Weather and the Environment
¨ Understands where to obtain a weather forecast
Skills and Techniques ¨ Can helm and trim sails effectively on all points of sail ¨ Can helm effectively around a triangular course ¨ Can tack and gybe effectively as helm ¨ Can heave-to ¨ Understands the effect and importance of heel and trim ¨ Understands how to anchor a boat
Safety and Emergencies ¨ Can recover a man overboard under sail as helm ¨ Knows the location and correct operation of all safety
equipment on board ¨ Knows how to raise the alarm in the event of an
emergency Sailing theory
¨ Has a working knowledge of the general steering and safety rules and their application
¨ Knows how to source information on local regulations
• Understand where they can progress to, if they want to extend their sailing skills and experience. Note: These timings are based upon an Instructor to Participant ratio of 1:5 and it is recommended that the majority of content is covered in a practical approach, maximising the time the participants get to spend on the water. Disclaimer: This recommended sequence of activities is a guide for instructors, which directly links to the Dinghy syllabus. It is the instructor’s responsibility to ensure the activities they run are suitable for the conditions and specific group of participants at the time of running the accredited Learn to Sail (or Powerboat) course.
Course Outline Session Duration
1 3hrs 2 3hrs 3 3hrs 4 3hrs
Total 12hrs* *12 hours is the suggested minimum time, and can be manipulated to run over as many sessions the centre/instructor deems appropriate, e.g. 2 x 6hrs
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 1 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Introduction to centre, the instructors and the course 25min
• Training area. • Relevant rules or behaviour expectations when
attending the centre. • What the course includes. • What is required in order for them to succeed.
• Take participants on a tour of the centre, highlighting hazards and how to avoid them. Identify location of change rooms, toilets and evacuation meeting point/s.
• Outline plan for the session – complete any outstanding paperwork including medical history, emergency contact, etc. Explain any rules regarding behaviour or dress code at the centre.
• Participants share why they are at the course and their current experience.
• Centre map if available, highlighting evacuation plan.
• AS Keelboat pathway • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • Introductory Keelboat (IK)
text • Participant List • Keelboat Instructor Notes
(KIN) Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore
15min
• Importance of safety equipment. • Appropriate clothing and footwear to be worn. • Correct use of lifejacket • Weather briefing
• Identify correct clothing and footwear to be worn. • Explain importance of maintaining and correctly wearing a
lifejacket. • Weather briefing – highlighting any potential risks. Helps to
determine what clothes are required and whether sailing will occur. Start with this, prior to getting to boat.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
• Pg 24-25 IK • Lifejacket – spare gas
cylinder if wanting to demonstrate deploying lifejacket.
Safety Briefing – on/near boat 20min
• Hazards both on board and on shore, and know
how to avoid them. • Correct action to be taken to recover a man
overboard (MOB).
• Identify safety equipment on board and stowage • Identify hazards on board, as well as other places around the
Discover Sailing Centre. Walk around area to highlight any potential hazards.
• Explain necessary action to recover a man overboard – especially in the event the instructor falls overboard.
• Correct action: Deploy anchor (demonstrate this), have instructor swim to boat.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
• Anchor that accessible and ready to be deployed
Ropework / Rigging – on boat, docked 30min
• Safe and effective use of sheets, winches and
cleats. • How to rig a boat correctly, as per class
requirements • Parts of the boat
• Explanation, Demonstration, Imitation, Correction, and allow participants to Practice (EDICP): Correct method for tightening mooring lines.
• EDICP: Correct technique for bending sails (secure sails to spars), rigging sheets and halyards.
• Assign each participant a role. Two on headsail, e.g. one bending on, one attaching control lines.
• Boat to be facing breeze when hoisting sails.
• Boat – vessel that meets the Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines
• Pg 30-33, 49 IK
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Sailing Activity – Tacking 95min
• Theory and basic principles of tacking. • On-boat, docked demonstration. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout. • Working knowledge of the general steering and
sailing rules and their application.
• Instructor to talk through and demonstrate leaving the shore, in order to get out on the water to begin tacking.
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of tacking – this time including the helm’s role.
• Instructor positions themselves close to helm (tiller) and also mainsail.
• Review tacking process – check everyone is comfortable in their roles.
• Rotate people around helm position. • Tack 6 times (3 points of sail), port/starboard, starboard/port =
1... (beam reach to beam reach, close reach to close reach, close haul to close haul)
• Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.
• Boat – vessel that meets the Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines
• Radio/Phone • Pg 18-19, 44-45 IK • Activity Card 1 - Tacking • KIN: Tacking
Unrig boat 10min
• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring participants
are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had
when rigging the boat.
Debrief 10min • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt
in the session. • Preview next session.
• Provide general overview of the session focussing on participants identifying problem areas and successes.
• Provide text references for next week, so participants can do some pre-reading.
• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • IK
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 2 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore 30min
• Recap on first session • Correct fitting/wearing of life jackets. • Location and correct operation of all safety
equipment on board. • How to raise the alarm in the event of an
emergency. • Correct use of a VHF.
• Review safety equipment on board and explain importance of maintaining and correctly wearing a lifejacket.
• Ask participants where different safety equipment is located on boat.
• Have participants demonstrate correct fitting of their own life jackets.
• Review/introduce points of sail. • Can cover “Rules of the Road” in classroom if preferred. • Discuss how to deal with emergency situations, demonstrate
how to use VHF.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
• VHF
Reefing – on boat, docked 20min • Bending sails for reefing.
• EDICP: Correct method for bending sails for reefing. • Demonstrate this and explain the situations this is useful:
strong winds, short crew, etc.
• Pg 30-31, 74 IK
Sailing Activity – Gybing 105min
• Safe and effective method for gybing as helm. • Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated
deck hardware. • Working knowledge of the general steering and
sailing rules and their application.
• Instructor to talk through and demonstrate leaving the shore, in order to get out on the water to begin gybing.
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of gybing. • Explain importance and demonstrate correct method of
maintaining lookout. • Instructor on helm, carries out process of gybing ensuring
each crew member demonstrates their role effectively, and has the opportunity to rotate around all positions – including on helm.
• 3 tacks per rotation, more if required – this allows people to get comfortable in their role, however it also allows instructor suitable time to review each person doing their role.
• Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.
• Pg 20-21, 46-47 IK • Activity Card 2 – Gybing • KIN: Gybing
Unrig boat 10min
• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring participants
are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had
when rigging the boat.
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Debrief 25min
• De-rig the boat. • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in
the session.
• De-rigging of boat and stowage of sails and cordage. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on
participants identifying problem areas and successes.
• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 3 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Safety Briefing – on boat, docked / onshore 10min
• Importance of safety equipment and emergency
procedures. • Recap previous session.
• Review safety equipment and what to do in the event of a man overboard, and fit life jackets correctly.
• Review hazards and determine how best to avoid them.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
Sailing Theory – Anchoring dry run
20min • How to anchor a boat.
• EDICP: safe method of anchoring on shore – dry run. • Have all participants practice the activity and provide
feedback where required.
• Pg 76-77 IK
Activity 1: Trimming Sails & Angle of Heel, Sail Shapes and Telltales 60min
• Helm and trim sails effectively on all points of sail. • Effect and importance of heel and trim. • Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck
hardware.
• EDICP: correct and safe method of trimming and discuss angle of heel.
• Demonstrate and explain different sail shapes and telltales – manoeuvre boat to highlight these.
• Pg 10-11, 40-43, 45, 50-51, 76-77 IK
• Activity card 4 - Trimming, Telltales, Sail shapes (coming soon)
Activity 2: Heaving to 30min • Heave to.
• Working knowledge of the general steering and sailing rules and their application.
• EDICP: correct and safe method of heaving to, and explain when it is required to use.
• Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles) and provide feedback where required.
• Pg 45 IK • Activity card 5 – Heaving to
(coming soon)
Activity 3: Anchoring 40min • How to anchor a boat.
• Working knowledge of the general steering and sailing rules and their application.
• Demonstrate, explain and practice (EDICP) correct and safe method of anchoring – wet drill.
• Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles) and provide feedback where required.
• Anchor • Pg 76-77 IK • Activity card 6 – Anchoring
(coming soon) Unrig boat
10min
• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring participants are involved in each step.
• Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had when rigging the boat.
Debrief 10min • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the
session. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on
participants identifying problem areas and successes. • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log
Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)
Session 4 3hrs
TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES
Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Safety Briefing 10min
• Correct fitting/wearing of life jackets. • Location and correct operation of all safety equipment
on board.
• Review safety equipment on board and explain importance of maintaining and correctly wearing a lifejacket.
• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK
Sailing Theory – Reefing of Sails underway dry run 20min • How to reef and shake out sails whilst underway.
• Demonstrate, explain and practice (EDICP) correct and
safe method of reefing of sails underway – dry run. • Pg 74 IK
Activity 1: Reefing & Shaking out Sails 30min
• Reef and shake out sails whilst underway. • Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck
hardware. • Working knowledge of the general steering and
sailing rules and their application.
• EDICP: correct and safe method reefing and shaking out sails whilst underway.
• Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles) and provide feedback where required.
Activity 2: Recovery of Man Overboard (MOB) 50min • Recover a man overboard under sail as helm.
• Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck hardware.
• Working knowledge of the general steering and sailing rules and their application.
• EDICP: correct and safe method of recovering a man overboard.
• Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles) and provide feedback where required.
• Activity Card 3 – MOB Recovery
• Pg 72-74 IK • MOB dummy or equivalent • KIN: MOB Recovery
Activity 3: Triangle Course 50min • How to helm effectively around a triangular course.
• Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck hardware.
• Working knowledge of the general steering and sailing rules and their application.
• Set up triangle course (prior to session if possible) • EDICP: correct and safe method to helm around
triangular course – time trial can be used. • Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles)
and provide feedback where required.
• Pg 53-55 IK • Stopwatch • 3 buoys • Activity Card 7 – Triangle
Course (coming soon) Unrig boat
10min
• Unrig and pack up • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had when rigging the boat.
Debrief 15min
• Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the
session. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on
participants identifying problem areas and successes. • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log
Sign or ‘defer’ participant’s logbook
• All Start Helming skills • Logbooks signed and dated (those that have not
adequately demonstrated course skills can be provided an action plan).
• Discuss options for those people who have not acquired the course skills.
• Sign or defer participants’ logbooks.
• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log
TACKINGHELM
Looks around to ensure it is clear to tackSays "Prepare to tack"
CREWMainsheet prepares to ease main
Trimmer #1 uncleats headsailTrimmer #2 prepares winch
HELMVisually checks crew is prepared to tack
Says "Ready to tack"CREW
If ready, respond "Ready to tack"HELM
Says "Tacking"Begins to push tiller away from self
CREWMainsheet is released
Trimmer #1 releases headsailTrimmer #2 pulls on headsail
HELM & CREW
Mainsheet changes side, taking mainsheetHELM
Version 2 - 2017 HELM & CREWOnce boat is aimed on course, trim sails
Instructor
Keelboat Any other crew prepare themselves to move across boat
When changing sides, face the bow, change hands on the tiller behind back
Other crew who need to begin to switch sides of boat do so
As boom changes side, helm and crew change sides
www.sailing.org.au
Wet Notes
MAN OVERBOARD (MOB) GYBINGANYONE ONBOARD THAT SEES THE INCIDENT HELM
Shout "MAN OVERBOARD!" Looks around to ensure it is clear to tackPoint to person Says "Prepare to gybe"
CREW (designated spotter) CREWContinues to point to MOB Mainsheet prepares to pull main in all the way
Position self in middle of boat, so helm can see Trimmer #1 uncleats headsailCREW or HELM (not spotter) Trimmer #2 prepares winch
Deploy flotation deviceHELM
Bring boat head to wind HELMHeave-to (slows the boat) Visually checks crew is prepared to gybe
CREW Says "Ready to gybe"Continue to trim sails CREW
HELM If ready, respond "Ready to gybe"Head on beam to broad-reach for 2-3 lengths HELM
Sail nearly dead downwind Says "Gybing"CREW Begins to pull tiller towards them
Drop headsail HELM & CREWKeep mainsail centred (or nearly so)
Keep tension on jib sheetsHELM Mainsheet changes side, taking mainsheet
Hold downward course until MOB is abaft of beam CREWHELM & CREW Mainsheet is released all the way
Gybe Trimmer #1 releases headsailAs boom changes side, helm and crew change sides Trimmer #2 pulls on headsail
HELMApproach MOB on close-reach (45-60 degrees)
Line up MOB between shouds and lowers HELMCREW
Trim sail for speedOTHER CREW HELM & CREW
Prepares lasso, in case MOB is not picked up Once boat is aimed on course, trim sailsCREW
Establish contact - lasso or retrieval method www.sailing.org.auEffect recovery on windward side
Any other crew prepare themselves to move across boat
As boom changes side (gybe takes place), helm and crew change sides
Other crew who need to begin to switch sides of boat do so
When changing sides, face the bow, change hands on the tiller behind back
By the end of this activity participants will be able to; understand the importance of checking weather conditions, recognising potential sailing related risks and using correct sheet handling techniques.
Session plan
Intro Session Debrief
5 mins 40 mins 10 mins
Activity Equipment/ Resources
Learning methods
Introduce Safety
Safety Equipment Spare rope
From your risk assessment of the centre present the participants with any information required to ensure their safety. Explain where weather forecasts can be obtained and how to understand information provided. Discuss varied weather conditions and the clothing required for the conditions including; hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, sufficient clothing, appropriate shoes, sailing gloves and water bottle. Demonstrate the correct fitting of a life jacket and how to operate it. Allow all participants to fit their own life jackets and offer correction/adjustments if required. Activity card 1A – can also be taught prior to boarding the boat
Safety at Boat
Unrigged boat
Before arriving at the boat outline initial dangers;
1. Step across and onto the boat. Don’t jump. 2. Be aware of the boom. 3. Stabilise yourself by having three points of contact with
the boat. 4. Once aboard guide participations to ensure that they
balance the boat.
1. Check weather conditions before going sailing
2. Wear safety equipment relative to conditions
3. Keep a look out at all times while on the water
Activity Card 1 – Safety Briefing
Safety On board
As above Once onboard the boat outline basic safety measures;
1. avoid standing on ropes and sails.
2. be aware of the falls of the main sheet.
3. keep hands inside the boat when leaving/returning to
shore.
4. location of safety equipment.
5. remain in-board if sitting to leeward.
6. keep a constant lookout and face forward.
7. clear communication and use of names;
• prepare to tack / ready to tack / tacking.
NB: Briefly mention actions participants need to take in the
event of instructor falling overboard (deploy anchor).
Ensure you demonstrate the correct;
1. rope grip and handling of halyards and sheets
2. method to load and unload winches
NOTE: Be aware of how unbalanced
the boat will feel to an inexperienced sailor.
Modelling: Ensure that you wear
gloves throughout the course to reinforce this
requirement for participates.
Activity Card 1 – Safety Briefing
Activity Card 3 Start Crewing + Helming - Heave To
www.yachting.org.au
By the end of this activity participants will be able to demonstrate some knowledge of parts of the boat, name all basic ‘Points of Sail’ and determine wind direction.
Session plan
Intro Session Debrief
5 mins 90 mins 5 mins
Activity Equipment/ Resources
Learning methods
Introduce; the wind, the boat, basic aerodynamics
Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, access to view sailing area, Weather forecast
Discuss the importance of knowing prevailing weather conditions. Observe the outside weather to introduce wind awareness noting indicators and strength. Outline relevant parts of the boat-hull, rig, sails. (IK 6+7) Describe how a boat moves; pull mode, push mode and the no go zone. (IK 8+9) NB: 3 useful questions to ‘Establish prior knowledge’; 1. What brought you here? 2. What experience in any type of boat do you have? 3. Where to next? (Cruising/Racing, further training)
Whiteboard diagram
Rigged yacht on water
Using a large circle on the whiteboard, gradually expand a diagram to draw and explain;
1. To make way upwind a boat sails approximately 45’ either side of the wind. Indicate Close-Hauled including sail trim. Pull mode, aerodynamic forces on sails, keel, rudder and tiller.
2. Pointing bow into No Go Zone slows boat down, sails flap, boat slows down to a stop.
3. To sail close hauled pull sails in tight. The further bow points away from wind the more sails are eased. Indicate and label beam reach and broad reach including sail trim. Push mode.
4. Run. Indicate starboard and port. Push mode. 5. Direction is changed by tacking or gybing, bow/
stern passes through wind.
Erase part of the diagram. Participants place boats in position and set sails. Provide feedback and encourage questions. (IK 15)
Outline on-water figure of 8 ‘course’, briefly show MOB procedure on whiteboard. (IK 72) Explain the other points of sail may be used to leave / return to shore.
1. Start with the basics
2. Use repetition rather than overload of information
3. Display simple diagrams and refer to the text book
Activity – Points of Sail, Parts if Boat
Activity Card 3 Start Crewing + Helming - Heave To
www.yachting.org.au
Progression: In later sessions start to introduce more parts of
the boat and revisit points of sail leaving the
diagram blank for participants to fill in.
Diagram 1: Points of sail
NOTE: Use of correct terminology alongside
layman’s terms will assist beginners in developing their knowledge of nautical
terms.
Diagram 2: Parts of the Boat
NO GO
ZONE
STARBOARD
PORT
Close Hauled Close Hauled
Close Reach
Beam Reach
Broad Reach
Downwind (Run)
Close Reach
Beam Reach
Broad Reach
Downwind (Run)
DA
NG
ER
ZO
NE
Include;
• Main Sail
• Jib Sail
• Mast
• Boom
• Keel
• Rudder
• Tiller
• Bow
• Stern
Keelboat Activity Card 2 Tacking
By the end of this activity participants should be able to effectively crew (and helm) the boat, whilst tacking.
Session planner
Intro Tacking Debrief
5mins 50mins 5mins
Activity Equipment / Resources Learning methods
Intro Whiteboard, magnetic boat
Explain principle of tacking, discussing wind direction and awareness. (Boat already rigged)
Tacking Appropriately rigged boat
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of tacking.• Explain importance and demonstrate correct
method of maintaining lookout.• Instructor on helm, carry out process of tacking
ensuring each crew member demonstratestheir role effectively, and has the opportunity torotate around all positions.
• In Start Helming and above, positionparticipants on the helm, on the windward side(this is safer and they have a better view ofwhere boat is going, easier to spot hazards andshould be able to see telltales on sails).
• 6 tacks per rotation, more if required – thisallows people to get comfortable in their role,however it also allows instructor suitable timeto review each person doing their role.
• Progress from reach to reach, close-reachtacking and then close-hauled.
Debrief Logbooks Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.
Keelboat
Keelboat Activity Card 2 Tacking www.sailing.org.au
Key messages
1. Maintain a continuous lookout2. Communication:
i) Prepare to tackii) Ready to tackiii) Tacking
3. Beware of the boom
2. Close-Reach Tacking
Keelboat Activity Card 2 Tacking www.sailing.org.au
C
B
A
1. Tacking Reach to Reach
The boat is sailing across the wind (reaching) with the wind coming over the left (port) side [A], then sailing through the No-Go Zone [B], and finally sailing back across the wind (reaching) with the wind coming over the right (starboard) side [C].
A
B
C
3. Tacking Close-hauled
At the beginning of the tack [A], the boat is sailing close-hauled with the wind coming over the left (port) side. In the middle of the tack [B], the boat crosses the wind and No-Go Zone and the sails lose all power. In the final part of the tack [C], the boat is again picking up speed, this time with wind coming over the right (starboard) side of boat.
By the end of this activity participants will be able to effectively crew and helm the boat whilst manoeuvring into and maintaining the ‘Heave To’ position.
Session plan
Intro Spinnaker Debrief
5 mins 90 mins 5 mins
Activity Equipment/ Resources
Learning methods
Clarify and allocate roles ‘Heave To’
Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, rigged yacht in pen Instructor Notes
Explain the principle of Heave To, discussing wind direction and awareness and key steps and roles for crew and helm. Mention the conflicting forces which enable ‘Heave To’ to work and suggest situations where the position is used (ie emergency, rest, check a chart). NB: Ensure participants are aware of maintaining 3 points of contact during the manoeuvre.
‘Heave To’ Rigged yacht on water
1. Allocate one participant to observe while you demonstrate the ‘Heave To’ manoeuvre.
2. Pass the helm to the observer while staying close in proximity to offer support.
3. Correct any steps and allow time for all participants to practise each role.
‘Heave To’ process
As above Helm calls; “Ready to tack and heave to. Jib on very tight.”
“Tacking!” Tack. Enter tack slowly (to slow boat)
As boat slows, watch bow. Push tiller gradually toward
mainsail, making sure bow doesn’t pass Head To Wind.
(and accidentally tack straight back)
Once fully extended, sit against the tiller to hold the boat
in position
1. Ensure there is sufficient room to drift prior to coming up to tack
2. Ease the main slightly when going into a tack then fully after tack
3. Communication is key
Activity Card 3 – Heave To
Progression: Enter the tack slowly, exit the tack and steer
away from the wind more readily to enter the
‘Heave To’ position.
Activity Card 3 – Heave To
NOTE: All keel boats can ‘Heave To’. This
includes Fin Keel Boats. NB: Ensure Jib is over
trimmed to be flat across the foot.
Activity – Heave To
Keelboat Activity Card 4 Gybing
By the end of this activity participants should be able to effectively crew (and helm) the boat, whilst gybing.
Session planner
Intro Gybing Debrief
5mins 110mins 10mins
Activity Equipment / Resources Learning methods
Intro Whiteboard, magnetic boat
Explain principle of gybing, discussing wind direction and awareness. (Boat already rigged)
Gybing Appropriately rigged boat
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of gybing.• Instructor on helm, carry out process of gybing
ensuring each crew member demonstratestheir role effectively, and has the opportunity torotate around all positions.
• Reiterate importance and demonstrate correctmethod of maintaining lookout.
• In Start Helming and above, positionparticipants on the helm, on the windward side(this is safer and they have a better view ofwhere boat is going, easier to spot hazards andshould be able to see telltales on sails).
• Rotate positions, provide feedback.• 6 gybes per rotation, more if required – this
allows people to get comfortable in their role,however it also allows instructor suitable timeto review each person doing their role.
• Use heave-to position to enable people to rotatepositions.
• Progression of gybing:1. Downwind gybe2. Broad-reach gybe3. Beam-reach gybe
Debrief Logbooks Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.
Key messages
1. Maintain a continuous lookout2. Communication:
i) Prepare to gybeii) Ready to gybeiii) Gybing
3. Beware of boom
Keelboat
Keelboat Activity Card 4 Gybing www.sailing.org.au
Beam Reach Gybing
[A] Preparing to gybe: Helm checks wind direction and selects reference to steer for aftercompleting the gybe, then calls “Prepare to gybe”. Crew checks to see if sheets are ready to runout and uncleats them and respond “Ready to gybe” [B] Bearing away: Helm calls out “Gybing!”and slowly turns the boat away from wind. Crew eases jib sheet and start to sheet in mainsail.[C] Turn stern through the wind: Helm continues to turn boat and main is sheeted in. Everyonekeeps head safely down as boom crosses. [D] Heading up: Crew lets mainsail out and sheet injib. Helm heads boat up towards the wind and steers for the reference as crew adjust the sails.
Downwind Gybing
At the beginning of the gybe [A], the sails are let out almost all the way and the wind coming over the right (starboard). In the middle of the gybe [B], the back (stern) of the boat crosses the wind and the sail swings over from one side to the other. In the final part of the gybe [C], the mainsail is let back out almost all the way and the boat continues on with the wind coming over the left (port) side of boat. Important: Sheet in before stern crosses the wind and remember to keep heads low as the boom swings over.
Accidental Gybes
[A] Turning away from the wind, boatbegins the gybe by heading down. [B] Deaddownwind, wind is directly behind the sternand the jib is limp and starts to cross theboat. These are the warning signs of animpending gybe. The mainsheet has notbeen seeted in to the middle of the boat. [C]Turning toward the wind, the stern hascrossed through the wind, the jib hascrossed, but the mainsail is still out with thewind starting to curl around its back side.The boat is sailing by the lee. [D] Wham! It’snow too late to do anything except duck!
Keelboat Activity Card 4 Gybing www.sailing.org.au
A
B
C
AB
D
C
A
B
C
D
Keelboat Activity Card 5 Man Overboard Recovery
By the end of the activity participants should be able to effectively crew (and helm) the boat, whilst recovering a Man Overboard (MOB).
Session planner
Intro Activity - MOB Debrief
10mins 110mins 15mins
Activity Equipment / Resources Learning methods
Intro Whiteboard, magnetic boat
Explain principle of MOB recovery, discussing wind direction and awareness, different roles and responsibilities and actual process. (Boat already rigged)
Man Overboard (MOB)
MOB Dummy if available or suitable replacement
• EDICP: Correct and safe method of the actionrequired to safely recover a man overboard.
• Instructor on helm for demo, can then passhelm on to participant, ensuring in arm’s lengthto take control.
• Carry out MOB Recovery three times, if MOB isnot recovered, review ‘why’ and try again.
• Rotate positions of all crew/helm, ensuring you(as instructor) still remain in charge and cantake control of boat if required.
• Use heave-to position to enable people to rotatepositions.
• Do not use life ring as MOB object – it is likelyto be picked up by another boat and/or youmay need it on your boat if a real MOB occurs.
Debrief Logbooks Provide general overview of the session focussing on participants identifying problem areas and successes.
Key messages
1. Shout “Man Overboard!”2. Spotter continually points to and
keeps eyes on the MOB3. Provide immediate flotation4. Quickstop method to recover MOB5. Apply first-aid if required
Keelboat Activity Card 5 Man Overboard Recovery www.sailing.org.au
Keelboat
Quick-Stop Recovery Method for Man Overboard (MOB)
1. Shout “Man Overboard!” anddesignated crew member tospot and point to the person inthe water. The spotter shouldnever take their eyes of victim.
2. Provide immediate floatation.Throw buoyant objects, such ascockpit cushions, sparelifejackets, fenders or life rings.Littering the water with objectswill help the spotter keep MOBin view.
3. Bring the boat head-to-wind,trimming the mainsail to close-hauled.
4. Allow the headsail to backand further slow the boat.
5. Continue to turn with headsailbacked, until the wind is abaftthe beam. Do not ease the sails.
6. Head on beam-to-broad reachcourse for two or three lengthsthen go nearly dead downwind.
7. Drop the headsail, whilekeeping the mainsail centred (ornearly so). The jib sheets arenot slacked, even during thedousing manoeuvre, to keepthem inside the lifelines.
8. Hold the downward courseuntil the victim is abaft of thebeam.
9. Gybe.10. Approach the victim on a course of
approximately 45 degrees to 60 degrees offthe wind.
11. Establish contact with the MOB with a heaving line or other device.12. Effect recovery over the windward side.
Overboard Recovery
When a crew member goes over the side, recovery time is of the essence. All participants must know how to react quickly to a crew
overboard situation.
Losing sight of the victim correlates very highly with loss of life.
Keelboat Activity Card 5 Man Overboard Recovery www.sailing.org.au
1 2
3
4 5
6
7
8
9 10
11
12
By the end of this activity participants will be able to trim the mainsail and jib efficiently and explain which ‘Point of Sail’ the boat is on at any given time.
Session plan
Intro Session Debrief
5 mins 90 mins 5 mins
Activity Equipment/ Resources
Learning methods
Introduce Trimming
Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, rigged yacht in pen Instructor Notes
Explain the principle of Trimming, discussing wind awareness; indicators of strength, direction and relevance of wind shifts. Highlight the use of the wind indicator. Show a figure of 8 course on the whiteboard and relate it to the current wind direction. Discuss current conditions including strength, direction, wind shifts and any likely changes. Explain basic principles of trimming, discussing wind direction, roles of helm, trimmers and main sheet hand. Allocate roles including one participant (observer) to watch and listen to ‘calls’ made by instructor who is demonstrating on helm. NB: Stress the importance of maintaining a constant lookout.
Trimming Rigged yacht on water
1. Demonstrate helming on a beam reach, tight reach and broad reach.
2. Pass helm to observer to imitate the above courses 3. Ensure correct use of terminology used. 4. Rotate participants through all positions allowing time
for practise, ensuring Instructor remains in charge and can take control of boat if needed.
1. Ease Sail until it luffs, trim until it stops luffing
2. Trimmers work together to ‘tail/grind’ when necessary
3. Helm and main sheet hand work together to manage power
Activity Card 6 – Trimming
Trimming Extension
As above Effectively trim the jib and main sails using the wind
indicator while sailing a close-hauled course and a
downwind course.
Instructor should remain close to helm when sailing
downwind to ensure there are no accidental gybes and
watch participants’ technique when using winches/main
sheet to ensure safe practice.
Most participants will need clarification on techniques
used to trim and ease sheets in strong winds, particularly
in gusty or shifty conditions. These can be shown in the
pen prior to sailing.
Wind Indicators can be confusing for beginners due to
apparent wind, they are affected by speed; the faster the yacht moves
and direction; the closer to the wind the yacht sails.
NOTE: Use of common terminology will provide an important model for
each participant.
Trimming Extension
(Wind indicator IK 27)
Trimming Diagram
By the end of this activity participants should be able steer the boat on basic points of sail, tack and gybe, balance the boat and trims sails correctly and ‘Call’ approaching gusts and lulls.
Session plan
Intro Session Debrief
5 mins 90 mins 5 mins
Activity Equipment/ Resources
Learning methods
Introduce the Triangular course (Heave To or in classroom)
Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, Weather forecast
Draw a Triangular course on a whiteboard. Highlight a buoy or landmark to windward about 0.4 NM upwind. Note the wind strength and direction. Teach relevant key points on each leg of the course. Rotate roles to ensure each participant helms, trims mainsail / jib, observe and ‘calls’ wind.
Sail the course (Upwind Leg)
Rigged yacht on water
• Main sail trimmer; goal is to trim boom in to the centre-line, ease main in gusts, trim in lulls.
• Observer call gusts approaching; “Gust in Two”
(boat lengths or seconds).
• Helm and Main trimmer communicate
regarding power / weather helm.
• Helm watches jib luff. Sail ‘up’ till jib luffs, bear
away till it stops luffing. (Repeat every 10/15
seconds therefore steering efficiently through
wind shifts).
• Helm and Main sheet trimmer sit to windward.
Trimmers balance the boat.
Reaching legs As above • Mainsail and jib trimmers; ease sail till it luffs,
pull on till it stops luffing. Check sails regularly.
• Helm and mainsail trimmer continue to
communicate regarding power/ weather helm.
1. Triangular courses require tacks, gybes and sailing on all points of sail
2. Balance, accurate trim and clear communication is needed
3. Eyes out of the boat! - Looking for wind, other boats, marks
Activity Card 7 – Sailing a Triangular Course
Downwind As above • Helm; when sailing downwind, watch wind
indicator. It should point away from boom
towards windward, stern quarter. (Avoid
accidental gybes)
• Stay away from area where main sheet falls.
• Watch out for the boom!
• Communication is key! Keep a lookout.
Progression: Through EDICP, develop
participants ability to a point where they can sail the boat as independently
as possible.
NOTE: Use outhaul, backstay, luff tension and car position to
set up the boat for easy handling upwind.
Figure 2:
Trapezoid course
UPWIND
UPWIND
REACHING
DOWNWIND
REACHING
DOWNWIND
Figure 1:
Triangular course
By the end of this activity participants will be able to effectively reef and shake out the main sail and determine when reefing is required.
Session plan
Intro Session Debrief
5 mins 90 mins 5 mins
Activity Equipment/ Resources
Learning methods
Introduce Reefing
Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, rigged yacht in pen Instructor Notes
Explain that reefing effectively reduces the healing force making a boat easier to handle and control. Lowering the jib is a quick way to reduce power but requires a sailor to go up on deck towards to bow. Discuss the importance of being aware of the current weather forecast and having the reefing lines prepared prior to going sailing. Highlight key steps and different roles for Helm, Trimmers and main sheet hand. NB: Stress the importance of maintaining three points of contact whilst on deck during the manoeuvre.
Reefing Rigged yacht on water
While positioned close-hauled in a pen/ on mooring, demonstrate reefing the main sail ensuring all participants can view the key teaching points;
1. Sail a close-hauled course. Ease mainsheet slightly. Snug down topper.
2. Loosen Vang and Cunningham 3. Lower main halyard to a pre-set point. Whilst pulling on
reefing line, secure new tack. 4. Secure clew and ensure reefing line is tightened to
flatten foot of mainsail. 5. Secure the rolled lower section of mainsail using reefing
line. 6. Vang on. Sheet on. Maintain course.
1. Be prepared before leaving the shore
2. Sail a close-hauled course to enable a smooth reefing
3. Ensure reefing line is tightened to flatten the foot of the main sail
Activity Card 8 – Reefing / Reducing Sail Area
As above Give each participant the opportunity to reef the main sail
and rotate participants through all positions of crew and
helm.
Ensure you allow enough time for practise and continue to
offer sandwich model feedback throughout. Maintain
control of the on-water activity by remaining in the cockpit,
close to the helm.
NB: Participants may struggle, when steering, to hold the
boat on a close-hauled course as the boat is not balanced;
sailing mainly on the jib alone the pressure of the wind will
tend to rotate the bow away from the wind.
Be aware of how unbalanced the boat will feel to an inexperienced
sailor during the process of reefing.
Lowering the JIB
NOTE: When securing the rolled section of the
main sail, remember only tie around the
sail and not the boom.
Reefing the Main
Lowering the Main