Course Syllabus/Design ProjectCourse Syllabus/Design Project • Lecture #01 – August 27, 2018 • Course Syllabus ... • Develop individual skills in computer-aided design and

Course Syllabus/Team Projects ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Course Syllabus/Design Project• Lecture #01 – August 27, 2018 • Course Syllabus

– Goals – Web-based Content – Schedule – Policies

• 2019/20 Design Projects

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© 2019 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu



Contact InformationDr. Dave Akin Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility/Room 2100D 301-405-1138 [email protected] http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu Dr. Andrew Becnel Manufacturing Building/Room 1117 301-405-1931 [email protected] Pat Hoskins (TA)

Martin Hall 3400 (office hours W 8:30-9:30am) [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Goals of ENAE 483/484 (and 788D)• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems

analysis and space vehicle design • Develop individual skills in computer-aided design

and engineering communications • Understand the open-ended and iterative nature of

the design process • Simulate the cooperative group engineering

environment of the aerospace profession • Develop experience and skill sets for working in

teams • Perform and document professional-quality

systems design of focused space missions concepts

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Outline of Space Systems• ENAE 483/788D (Fall)

– Lecture style, problem sets and quizzes – Design as a discipline – Disciplinary subjects not contained in curriculum – Engineering graphics – Small design teams and projects

• ENAE 484 (Spring) – Two related group design projects – Externally imposed matrix organization – Engineering presentations – Group dynamics – Peer evaluations

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Additional Features of the Class• Emphasize project content

– Start 484 project at beginning of 483 – Build teams for spring term in the fall – Add specific lectures for project specialties – Provide opportunities for both experimentalists and

theoreticians • “Design/Build/Test/Evaluate”

– Space equivalent to “design/build/fly” for aero side – Parallels mission-level design activities – Major system(s) relevant to national programs

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Web-based Course Content• Data web site at http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

– Syllabus and course information – Lecture notes – Problems and solutions

• Course site on ELMS – Backup for spacecraft site in case of problems – Group communication site (e.g., submission of part

of assignment for this lecture) • Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design at

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/akins_laws.html

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http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu




Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #1

Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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There is never a single right solution. There are always multiple wrong ones, though.

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Design is an iterative process. The necessary number of iterations is one more than the number you have currently done. This is true at any point in time.

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Course Content Overview• Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design

- Principles and tools of Systems Engineering - Vehicle-level design - Systems-level estimation

• Component Detailed Design - Crew Systems - Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms - Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Analysis - Avionics and Software

• Team Projects

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Content 1: Fundamentals of Space Systems• Systems Engineering • Space Environment • Orbital Mechanics • Engineering Graphics • Engineering Economics • Design Case Studies

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Content 2: Vehicle/System-Level Design• Rocket Performance • Parametric Analysis • Cost Estimation • Reliability and Redundancy • Confidence, Risk, and Resiliency • Mass Estimating Relations • Resource Budgeting

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Content 3: Component-Level Design• Crew Systems

– Space Physiology – Human Factors and Habitability – Life Support Systems Design

• Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms – Loads Estimation – Structural Analysis – Structures and Mechanisms Design

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Content 4: Component-Level Design• Propulsion, Power, and Thermal

– Propulsion System Design – Power System Design – Thermal Design and Analysis

• Avionics Systems – Attitude Dynamics/Proximity Operations – Data Management; GN&C – Communications – Other Topics

• Case studies (e.g., last year’s project) – Special lectures for this year’s projects

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Problem Sets• There is a problem set associated with most of

the lectures • These problem sets will form the knowledge

basis for the midterm and final exams • The material in the lectures will also be crucial

for successful completion of the team projects • There will be extra problems on some sets for

students in ENAE788D • Each problem set has a full solution set posted

after the submission deadline

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Fall-Term Team Design Exercises• There will be 2-3 design projects over the course

of the term • These will be performed by teams of 4-5 students

- the team assignments will be given to you • The results of the design exercise will be

submitted as presentation slides (PowerPoint/Keynote/Open Office or equivalent, and PDF)

• Team grades will be assigned for each design exercise, including adherence to the principles of the engineering communications lecture

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Course Schedule• Maintained on web site (follow links or

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/academics/483F19/483F19.index.html)

• Contains links to reference material, problem sets, solution sets, team project details, etc.

• Notes and announcements will be posted at top of syllabus page as necessary

• Most classes have associated homework content; every homework has a full solution set posted after homework due date

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2019 Course Schedule (part 1)

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2019 Course Schedule (part 2)

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Grading Policies• Grade Distribution

– 20% Homework Problems – 20% Midterm Exam – 30% Team Design Exercises* – 30% Final Exam

• Late Policy – On time: Full credit – Before solutions: 70% credit – After solutions: 20% credit

* Team Grades

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A Word on Homework Submissions...• Good methods of handing in homework

– Hard copy in class (best!) – Scanned or electronic copies via e-mail (MUST put

“ENAE483” or “ENAE788D” in subject line) • Methods that don’t work so well (for DLA)

– Leaving it in my mailbox (particularly in EGR) – Leaving it in my office – Spreadsheets or .m files – Handing it to me in random locations – Handing it to Dr. Bowden

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A Word about Homework Grading• Homework is graded via a discrete filter

– ✓ for homework problems which are essentially correct (10 pts)

– ✓- for homework with significant problems (7 pts) – ✓-- for homework with major problems (4 pts) – ✓+ for homework demonstrating extra effort (12 pts) – 0 for missing homework

• A detailed solution document is posted for each problem after the due date, which you should review to ensure you understand the techniques used

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Selection of Class Projects• Criteria - needs to be

– a significant engineering challenge – of relevance to the current or future space programs – requiring the use of tools from 483 and prior classes – and of appropriate scope for this class.

• Preferable to be appropriate for entry into design competitions – External sets of requirements and deadlines – Fidelity to experience in your careers – Competition as motivation

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ENAE 484 Spring Projects• ENAE 484 will be split into 3-4 sections,

working on separate design topics • Based on set of four themes for 2019 NASA

Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept - Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) and X-Hab competitions

• Will incorporate formal Preliminary Design Review (PDR) and Critical Design Review (CDR) with inputs from professionals in the field

• http://rascal.nianet.org

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http://rascal.nianet.org



X-Hab 2020• Minimum Cabin Volume for Crewed Spacecraft • What is the minimum functional cabin volume

for small crews (2-4) on short missions (<2 weeks)?

• Multiple approaches to test cabin designs – CAD design studies – Virtual reality assessments – 1g lab mockups – Underwater mockups for microgravity, lunar, Mars

• Supported by NASA and Space Grant

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RASC-AL Competition• Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept –

Academic Linkage (http://rascal.nianet.org) • Sponsored by advanced programs office at NASA

Langley Research Center • Up to 18 universities performing systems analysis

on topics selected by NASA • Competition in Cocoa Beach, FL in June selects

best projects - awards trips to AIAA conferences • Past competition has included MIT, Ga Tech,

Michigan, Va Tech, USC, Penn State, WVU… • Record in last 10 years: 4 first places, 4 second

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http://rascal.nianet.org



X-Hab 2020 Theme 1Lunar South Pole Multi-Purpose Rover • Autonomous/robotic rover for exploration and

base deployment and maintenance • Usable as two-person unpressurized rover while

crew is present • Design includes mission operations, but not

delivery architecture • Launch date 2023; human use starting 2024 • Mass < 300 kg • Cost <$300M(FY20)

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X-Hab 2020 Theme 2ISS as a Mars Mission Analog • Use International Space Station to simulate a

Mars transit vehicle (e.g., logistics, volume restrictions, communications, command/control)

• Return crew to Earth unassisted to perform analog surface mission (e.g., HI-SEAS, MDRS)

• Return to ISS for return mission • Strategy for series of increasingly ambitious

missions

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X-Hab 2020 Theme 3Short Surface Stay Mars Mission • Crew of 4; 2 crew on surface for ~30 days • Access to pressurized rover (part of design) • Leave Earth no later than end of 2035 • Up to 3 landers (each with 22MT payload) to

deploy all surface elements • Design includes architecture for launch, transport,

and mission operations • Must fit within expected NASA exploration budget

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RASC-AL 2020 Theme 4Commercial Cislunar Space Development • Create a plan for a commercial cislunar business

– Business plan – Requirements documents – Design of facilities and equipment – Development schedule and cash flows – Risk assessment – Business strategy

• Cannot be tourism, minerals extraction, space burial, or in-situ propellent production

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NASA BIG Idea Challenge 2020• Design and develop an innovative ideas for

concepts, systems, and tech demos for exploring permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of the lunar poles

• 5-10 selected teams will receive up to $180K for development and testing

• Proposals due Jan 2020; completed projects due Oct 2020

• https://bigidea.nianet.org

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Team Project 1 - ENAE 483/788D• Review the guidelines and requirements for the

NASA competition • Perform research on PSRs – develop a set of

requirements for operating in those regions, and find prior concepts

• Brainstorm innovative concepts for possible development as a BIG Ideas proposal, with analysis of technical feasibility of most promising concept(s)

• Submit a report on your findings and accomplishments

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Teams for Project 1

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Team A1Ma#hewMcNu#MichaelWangEvanMcDonaldGarre#Miller-MoskalYonatanTeeter

Team A2JamesWitkoskiZacharyLaceyZacharyHoffmanHannahNeuenhoffParthPatel

Team A3RaminRafizadehBenjaminTannerBarbaraVanNa#aYavuzSefikBrianSeton

Team A4MarkTredwayIanDelkJeroenHighbargerRohilBahriAndrewMalwitz

Team A5AhmedWoodsonMarkDeVinceCharlesHannerBlaireWeinbergHyunsooChun

Team A6ElizabethMcFarlandJosephFluehrMa#hewBorowyMichaelConoverBrynFanger

Team A7EricGreenbaumPatrickGeletaAdamBoroBradyCassellMichaelBaker

Team A8AaronMagazinerGarethDunlapBrianInzerilloRyanFreedmanTuviaRappaport

Team A9ZacharyPetersSavyaKonkalma#ChristopherVeneziaEthanStowellArjunAgarwal

Team A10JonathanIsolatoPatrickHaneySaloniShahLaurenWeistEliElstein

Team A11IanMossZacharyLachanceGavinMealyTylerChotooDiegoCavero

Team A12JeffreyZhuShellySzantoNicholasBehnkeRichardYuWeiHuang

Team A13BradySackStanleyClumLuciaStainerKennethCordonStefanoSanTni

Team A14EvanKramerHudsonPaleyMichaelPaulJoshuaPiccoliNikhilGupta

Team A15Ma#hewPhelanLawrenceSteeleAlexJohnsonAxelGarciaAdamBurche#

Team A16Ma#hewOstrowChirayuGuptaQuinnKupecRichardQuarlesEinarTerrill

Team A17PeterStefanoSco#GreenShayneCombsJohnGallagherSanTagoMataCenteno

Team A18RyanKrausBradenRothwellBobNoblesBenjaminQuock

Team A19IanHeinzConnorMulreninGrazchellaVicenteShivamSoni

Team A20 (G)SamuelGaylinRyanKentCaseyKracinovichAalayPatel



Design/Build/Test/Evaluate• Hardware design, fabrication, and testing can be

a valuable part of the 483/484 capstone projects • A requirement for this term is to figure out

exactly what you’re building next term • Choice is based on

– Getting design data unobtainable by analysis (e.g., examine human mobility in low gravity)

– Enabling meaningful mission simulations – Providing value for competitions

• Leverage the facilities and infrastructure of SSL

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Sample Hardware – Display Models

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Sample Hardware: Working Models

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Sample Hardware: Full-Scale Mockups

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Hardware Synergy: Space Systems Lab

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Hardware Development - Spring 2018

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X-Hab 2019 - Inflatable Airlock @ JSC

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Experimental Studies in ENAE 483/4• Traditionally, experimental studies are second-

term (484) activities • Would be ideal if experimental results were in

time to affect 484 design efforts (before PDR in early March)

• Generally get results after CDR (late April) • Intent to put significant effort into design and

(potentially) construction of experimental hardware to ensure results are in time to improve 484 design

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A Word about CAD• Computer-aides design is an important tool for

all engineering, and an essential tool for a designer

• The best way to learn CAD is to use it - a lot! • In a project team of this size you can’t have

everyone use whatever system they feel like - since Siemens made a major gift of software to UMd, we are all going to use NX this year

• “Resistance is futile”

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Some Thoughts on Teamwork• Your entire career will be spent doing

engineering in teams • You have had team experiences before (e.g.,

ENAE 100, ENES 100) • This is intended to be as close as possible to your

professional experience, except for a flat organizational structure (i.e., you can’t fire anyone)

• Nothing can guarantee the success of a team - but a lot of things will guarantee its failure

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Some Thoughts on Professionalism• In this class, like life, you won’t like everyone

you interact with • Nevertheless, you owe everybody respect and

support where necessary • Hopefully it’s not necessary to say it, but there

will be zero tolerance for discrimination on the basis of gender/race/nationality/sexual orientation/etc.

• You also owe your team(s) your best effort and dedication to the project(s)

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Closing Comments• Focus on numerical analysis and systems

engineering → this is not “hardware-bashing” • Look for your own design solutions → this is

also not “catalog shopping” • Approach everything rigorously with numbers →

this is also also not “adjective engineering” • Manage scope and risk along with cost, mass,

and other design parameters • Be innovative, while remaining real • What you get out of the process is directly

proportional to what you put in

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Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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Today’s Assignments• Go to https://ter.ps/483F19L1 and take the short survey

about the class and today’s lecture • Go to the RASC-AL web site (http://rascal.nianet.org)

and get familiar with the material there, particularly the descriptions of the themes and the information on their assessment criteria

• Watch the posted video clip on the design of the Apollo Lunar Module from the episode “Spider” of the HBO mini-series “From the Earth to the Moon”

• Do the rest of the assignment linked at the bottom of the Lecture #01 splash page.

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Not having all the information you need is never a satisfactory excuse for not starting the analysis.

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Documents

Course Syllabus/Design ProjectCourse Syllabus/Design Project • Lecture #01 – August 27, 2018 • Course Syllabus ... • Develop individual skills in computer-aided design and