Course Syllabus/Design Project€¦ · Course Syllabus/Team Projects . ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design. U N I V E R S I T Y O F. MARYLAND. Problem Sets • There

Course Syllabus/Team Projects ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design

U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND

Course Syllabus/Design Project• Lecture #01 – September 1, 2020 • Course Syllabus

– Goals – Web-based Content – Schedule – Policies

• 2020/21 Design Projects

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© 2020 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu



Up Front, a Word about Zoom• All lectures are recorded and posted on ELMS • My chat window is open - feel free to use that to

ask questions • Our goal is to maximize the flow of information

in both directions - please help with suggestions as we go through the term

• We’re still learning, too

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Contact InformationDr. Dave Akin Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility/Room 2100D 301-405-1138 [email protected] http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu Dr. Andrew Becnel Manufacturing Building/Room 1117 301-405-1931 [email protected] Zach Lachance (TA)

[email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]



Goals of ENAE 483/484 (and 788D)• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems

analysis and space vehicle design • Develop individual skills in computer-aided design

and engineering communications • Understand the open-ended and iterative nature of

the design process • Simulate the cooperative group engineering

environment of the aerospace profession • Develop experience and skill sets for working in

teams • Perform and document professional-quality

systems design of focused space missions concepts

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Outline of Space Systems• ENAE 483/788D (Fall)

– Lecture style, problem sets and quizzes – Design as a discipline – Disciplinary subjects not contained in curriculum – Engineering graphics – Small design teams and projects

• ENAE 484 (Spring) – Four independent group design projects – Externally imposed matrix organization – Engineering presentations – Group dynamics – Peer evaluations

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Additional Features of the Class• Emphasize project content

– Start 484 project during 483 – Build teams for spring term in the fall – Add specific lectures for project specialties – Provide opportunities for both experimentalists and

theoreticians • “Design/Build/Test/Evaluate”

– Space equivalent to “design/build/fly” for aero side – Parallels mission-level design activities – Major system(s) relevant to national programs

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Web-based Course Content• Data web site at http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

– Syllabus and course information – Lecture notes – Problems and solutions

• Course site on ELMS – Links to Zoom sessions, posting of lecture videos

• ENAE 483 Microsoft Teams site – Use for team communications, collaborative design

activities, alternative if Zoom goes down • Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design at

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/akins_laws.html

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http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu




Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #1

Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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There is never a single right solution. There are always multiple wrong ones, though.

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Design is an iterative process. The necessary number of iterations is one more than the number you have currently done. This is true at any point in time.

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Course Content Overview• Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design

- Principles and tools of Systems Engineering - Vehicle-level design - Systems-level estimation

• Component Detailed Design - Crew Systems - Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms - Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Analysis - Avionics and Software

• Team Projects

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Content 1: Fundamentals of Space Systems• Systems Engineering • Space Environment • Orbital Mechanics • Engineering Graphics • Engineering Economics • Design Case Studies

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Content 2: Vehicle/System-Level Design• Rocket Performance • Parametric Analysis • Cost Estimation • Reliability and Redundancy • Confidence, Risk, and Resiliency • Mass Estimating Relations • Resource Budgeting

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Content 3: Component-Level Design• Crew Systems

– Space Physiology – Human Factors and Habitability – Life Support Systems Design – Radiation Effects and Mitigation

• Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms – Loads Estimation – Structural Analysis – Structures and Mechanisms Design

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Content 4: Component-Level Design• Propulsion, Power, and Thermal

– Propulsion System Design – Power System Design – Thermal Design and Analysis

• Avionics Systems – Attitude Dynamics/Proximity Operations – Data Management; GN&C – Communications – Other Topics

• Case studies (e.g., last year’s project) – Special lectures for this year’s projects

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Problem Sets• There is a problem set associated with most of

the lectures • These problem sets will form the knowledge

basis for the midterm and final exams • The material in the lectures will also be crucial

for successful completion of the team projects • There will be extra problems on some sets for

students in ENAE788D • Each problem set has a full solution set posted

after the submission deadline

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Fall-Term Team Design Exercises• There will be two design projects over the course

of the term • These will be performed by teams of 4-5 students

- the team assignments will be given to you • The results of the design exercise will be

submitted as presentation slides (PowerPoint/Keynote/Open Office or equivalent, and PDF)

• Team grades will be assigned for each design exercise, including adherence to the principles of the engineering communications lecture

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Course Schedule• Maintained on web site (follow links or

http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu/academics/483F20/483F20.index.html)

• Contains links to reference material, problem sets, solution sets, team project details, etc.

• Notes and announcements will also be posted at top of syllabus page as necessary

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2020 Course Schedule (part 1)

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2020 Course Schedule (part 2)

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Lecture #01 Splash Page

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Grading Policies• Grade Distribution

– 20% Homework Problems – 20% Midterm Exam – 30% Team Design Exercises* – 30% Final Exam

• Late Policy – On time: Full credit – Before solutions: 70% credit – After solutions: 20% credit

• Homework/exams will be submitted via Gradescope

* Team Grades

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A Word about Homework Grading• Homework is graded via a discrete filter

– ✓ for homework problems which are essentially correct (10 pts)

– ✓- for homework with significant problems (7 pts) – ✓-- for homework with major problems (4 pts) – ✓+ for homework demonstrating extra effort (12 pts) – 0 for missing homework

• A detailed solution document is posted for each problem after the due date, which you should review to ensure you understand the techniques used

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Selection of Class Projects• Criteria - needs to be

– a significant engineering challenge – of relevance to the current or future space programs – requiring the use of tools from 483 and prior classes – and of appropriate scope for this class.

• Preferable to be appropriate for entry into design competitions – External sets of requirements and deadlines – Fidelity to experience in your careers – Competition as motivation

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ENAE 484 Spring Projects• ENAE 484 will be split into four sections,

working on separate design topics • Based on set of four themes for 2019 NASA

Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept - Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) and X-Hab competitions

• Will incorporate formal Preliminary Design Review (PDR) and Critical Design Review (CDR) with inputs from professionals in the field

• http://rascal.nianet.org

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http://rascal.nianet.org



RASC-AL Competition• Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept –

Academic Linkage (http://rascal.nianet.org) • Sponsored by advanced programs office at NASA

Langley Research Center • Up to 18 universities performing systems analysis

on topics selected by NASA • Competition in Cocoa Beach, FL in June selects

best projects - awards trips to AIAA conferences • Past competition has included MIT, Ga Tech,

Michigan, Va Tech, USC, Penn State, WVU… • Record in 18 years:

4 Best in Theme, 7 Second Place, 8 First Place

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RASC-AL 2021 Theme 1Durable Low-Mass Lunar Habitat • Support successive two-person crews for 30 days

at lunar south pole • Dry mass not to exceed 6000 kg • Funding NTE $1B/year 2022-2028 including

launch • First mission 2028 • Shall incorporate features to allow future

expansion for more ambitious missions • Shall have extensibility to Mars exploration

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RASC-AL 2021 Theme 2Minimum Mars Ascent Vehicle • Launch a crew of two from Mars surface to Mars

orbit • Dry mass ≤5000 kg; gross mass ≤20,000 kg • Ready for launch by end of 2034 • Funding limit ≤$2B/yr 2025-2035 • Consider 5t landed system refueled on surface

and 20t system landed fully fueled • Incorporate method for transfer to orbital assets

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RASC-AL 2021 Theme 3Venus Fly-by Mission • Crew of 4 for Venus fly-by mission to be

completed by end of 2034 • Identify science elements to be carried on mission

and deployed for Venus atmosphere/surface during fly-by

• Consider low-latency teleoperation during fly-by • Identify utility of mission to support/validate

longer-duration human missions to Mars • Budget ≤$2B/yr 2025-2034

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RASC-AL 2021 Theme 4Human Mission to Ceres • Four-person mission to Ceres with landing

before end of 2049 • Design planetary surface science to be delivered

with mission and operated while in proximity • At least two crew land and perform exploration

on surface of Ceres • Total mission duration ≤5 years • Funding ≤$3B/yr 2035-end of mission (lower

cost concepts preferred)

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RASC-AL 2021 Theme 5Distributed Lunar Sample Aggregation, Analysis, and Return to ISS • Design a system to collect lunar samples from

multiple locations and transport them to ISS – How can multiple samples be collected and

aggregated for retrieval? – What science can/should be performed at aggregation

site? • Budget ≤$1B/yr 2022-2028; operational in 2028 • Should not use Artemis resources

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Preparation for ENAE 484• Before the end of this term, you will be sorted

into your project teams and into one of six technical specialties (matrix organization) – Systems Integration (SI) – Mission Planning and Analysis (MPA) – Crew Systems (CS) – Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms (LSM) – Power, Propulsion, and Thermal (PPT) – Avionics, Flight Software, and Simulation (AFSS)

• Sorting is based on your preferences (but no promises!)

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RASC-AL Program Deadlines• Oct. 15: Notice of Intent deadline • March 4: Proposal (7 pgs. of text; 2 pgs. for

additional graphics) and video (2 min) due • March 29: Teams notified of selection status • May 27: Technical paper (15 pgs.) upload • June 13: Presentation slides due • June 14-17: RASC-AL Forum in Cocoa Beach,

including technical presentation and poster session

• All details available on http://rascal.nianet.org

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2018 Poster Presentation

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End Goal: RASC-AL Competition

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Team Project 1 – ENAE 483/788D• You will be assigned to teams of ~5 students • The assignment is to prepare a technical

presentation detailing a human spacecraft and its launch vehicle

• The submission will be in the form of a Powerpoint slide package with technical details, exterior and interior views of the crew cabin, dimensioned three-view, and a “beauty shot” (high-resolution rendered image)

• ALL images must be produced by the team - no externally-sourced images are allowed!

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Team Project 2 – ENAE 483/788D• You will be assigned to ~5-person team • Your team will be assigned a specific mission

application requiring a small crew habitat (e.g., pressurized rover, orbital habitat, ascent vehicle)

• Your assignment is to perform a detailed design of the habitat, including such issues as hull size and shape, interior layout, accommodation of hatches, airlocks, and windows, life support system details, power requirements, etc.

• Interim progress report due Nov. 17 • Final report due Dec. 10

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Design/Build/Test/Evaluate• Hardware design, fabrication, and testing can be

a valuable part of the 483/484 capstone projects • A requirement for this term is to figure out

exactly what you’re building next term • Choice is based on

– Getting design data unobtainable by analysis (e.g., examine human mobility in low gravity)

– Enabling meaningful mission simulations – Providing value for competitions

• Leverage the facilities and infrastructure of SSL

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Sample Hardware – Display Models

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Sample Hardware: Working Models

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Sample Hardware: Full-Scale Mockups

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Hardware Synergy: Space Systems Lab

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Hardware Development - Spring 2018

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X-Hab 2019 - Inflatable Airlock @ JSC

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Experimental Studies in ENAE 483/4• Traditionally, experimental studies are second-

term (484) activities • Would be ideal if experimental results were in

time to affect 484 design efforts (before PDR in early March)

• Generally get results after CDR (late April) • Intent to put significant effort into design and

(potentially) construction of experimental hardware to ensure results are in time to improve 484 design

• Of course, it’s all dependent on COVID status

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A Word about CAD• Computer-aided design is an important tool for all

engineering, and an essential tool for a designer - You need to know CAD for your career!

• The best way to learn CAD is to use it - a lot! • In a project team of this size everyone must use

the same system - our preference is NX, but… • Due to remote collaboration, we are going to

specify use of Fusion 360 this year – Free to students – Works on PCs and Macs

• “Resistance is futile”

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Some Thoughts on Teamwork• Your entire career will be spent doing

engineering in teams • You have had team experiences before (e.g.,

ENAE 100, ENES 100) • This is intended to be as close as possible to your

professional experience, except for a flat organizational structure (i.e., you can’t fire anyone)

• Nothing can guarantee the success of a team - but a lot of things will guarantee its failure

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Some Thoughts on Professionalism• In this class, like life, you won’t like everyone

you interact with • Nevertheless, you owe everybody respect and

support where necessary • Hopefully it’s not necessary to say it, but there

will be zero tolerance for discrimination on the basis of gender/race/nationality/sexual orientation/etc.

• You also owe your team(s) your best effort and dedication to the project(s)

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Closing Comments• Focus on numerical analysis and systems

engineering → this is not “hardware-bashing” • Look for your own design solutions → this is

also not “catalog shopping” • Approach everything rigorously with numbers →

this is also also not “adjective engineering” • Manage scope and risk along with cost, mass,

and other design parameters • Be innovative, while remaining real • What you get out of the process is directly

proportional to what you put in

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Engineering is done with numbers. Analysis without numbers is only an opinion.

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Today’s Assignments• Go to https://ter.ps/ENAE483L01 and take the short

survey about the class and today’s lecture • Go to the RASC-AL web site (http://rascal.nianet.org)

and get familiar with the material there, particularly the descriptions of the themes and the information on their assessment criteria

• Watch the posted video clip on the design of the Apollo Lunar Module from the episode “Spider” of the HBO mini-series “From the Earth to the Moon”

• Do the rest of the assignment linked at the bottom of the Lecture #01 splash page.

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Not having all the information you need is never a satisfactory excuse for not starting the analysis.

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Documents

Course Syllabus/Design Project€¦ · Course Syllabus/Team Projects . ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design. U N I V E R S I T Y O F. MARYLAND. Problem Sets • There