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American Bird Conservancy Pacific EnvironmentWild Bird Liberation Front

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American Bird Conservancy

International Plan of Action for Reducing

Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries

Gerald W. Winegrad

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Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross Southern Giant Petrel

With his cruel bow he laid full lowThe harmless Albatross

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

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Wandering Albatross

Spectacled PetrelsAntipodean Albatross

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American Birding AssociationAmerican Ornithologists' UnionAntarctica ProjectAssociation of Field OrnithologistsAssociation for Professional ObserversAudubon Naturalist Society of theMid-Atlantic StatesAvian Science and Conservation Center-McGill UniversityCenter for Biological DiversityCooper Ornithological SocietyCornell Laboratory of OrnithologyDefenders of WildlifeEndangered Species CoalitionEndangered Species Recovery CouncilEnvironmental DefenseEnvironmental Research ConsultanciesFisheries Defense FundFriends of the EarthGreenpeaceHumane Society of the United States

www.abcbirds.org

Manomet Center for Conservation SciencesMarine EndeavorsNational Audubon SocietyNational Fishing AssociationNational Wildlife FederationNatural Resources Defense CouncilNew Jersey Audubon SocietyNorth Carolina Museum of Natural HistoryNuttall Ornithological ClubOcean ConservancyOcean WatchOcean Watch FoundationPacific Seabird GroupPacific Whale FoundationPoint Reyes Bird ObservatoryReef Keeper InternationalSt. Petersburg Audubon SocietyTrumpeter Swan SocietyWashington State Fish and Wildlife DepartmentWaterbird SocietyWorld Wildlife Fund

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Alexander, K., Robertson, G., and Gales, R. (1997).The Incidental Mortality of Albatrosses in LonglineFisheries, a Report on the Workshop from the FirstInternational Conference on the Biology and Conservationof Albatrosses. Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston.

BirdLife International (2000) Threatened Birds of theWorld. BirdLife International and Lynx Edicions,Cambridge and Barcelona.

Brothers, N. (1991) Albatross Mortality and AssociatedBait Loss in the Japanese Longline Fishery in theSouthern Ocean. Biological Conservation, vol. 55, no. 3,pp. 255-268.

Brothers, N., Cooper, J., and Lokkeborg, S. (1999)The Incidental Catch of Seabirds by Longline Fisheries:Worldwide Review and Technical Guidelines for Mitigation:Fisheries Circular 937. United Nations Food andAgricultural Organization, Rome.

Del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (1992)Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1. Lynx Editions,Barcelona.

Didier, A. (2001) Personal communication on free pairedstreamer (tori line) program. Pacific States Marine FishCommission, Seattle.

Flint, E. (2001) Population Data Charts, 1992-2001 forLaysan and Black-footed Albatross Breeding Pairs on Keynest Sites in Northwest Hawaiian Islands. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service (FWS), Honolulu.

Geernaert, T. et al. (2001) A Feasibility Study thatInvestigates Options for Monitoring Bycatch of theShort-tailed Albatross in the Pacific Halibut Fishery offAlaska. Prepared for the National Marine FisheriesService (NMFS) by the International Pacific HalibutCommission, Seattle.

Melvin, E. (2000) Letter and report from University ofWashington Sea Grant Research Program to the ExecutiveDirector of North Pacific Fishery Management Council.University of Washington, Seattle.

Melvin, E., Parrish, J., Dietrich, K., & Hamel, O.(2001) Solutions to Seabird Bycatch in Alaska's DemersalLongline Fisheries.Washington Sea Grant Program,Seattle.

Olmos, F. (2001) Personal communication on status of

Brazilian longline fishery and seabird mortality, Sao Paulo.Pashley, D. (2000) Conservation of the Land Birds of theU.S. Partners in Flight/American Bird Conservancy,The Plains.

Robertson, G. and Gales, R. (1998) Albatrosses, Biologyand Conservation. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney.

Safina, C. (2001) Albatross Wanderings. AudubonMagazine, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 70-85. National AudubonSociety, New York.

Stevens, M. (2001) Personal communication regardingseabird mortality in Southern Ocean "pirate" fisheries,based on the Convention on the Conservation of AntarcticMarine Living Resources Working Group on Fish StockAssessment.Washington, DC.

Thomas, R. (2000) Longlining: A Major Threat to theWorld's Seabirds. World Birdwatch, vol. 22, no. 2, pp.10-13. BirdLife International, Cambridge.

Tickell, W. L. N. (2000). Albatrosses. Yale UniversityPress, New Haven.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (1999) Biological Opinionfor the Effects of the Alaska Based Longline GroundfishFishery on the Short-tailed Albatross for 1999-2000.FWS, Anchorage.

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanicand Atmospheric Association (NOAA)/NMFS (2001)Alaska Groundfish Fisheries, Draft ProgrammaticSupplemental Environmental Impact Statement.NOAA/NMFS, Anchorage.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (2000) Biological Opinionfor the Effects of the Hawaii-based Domestic Longline Fleeton the Short-tailed Albatross. FWS, Honolulu.

URS Corporation for NOAA/NMFS (2001)Final Environmental Impact Statement, FisheryManagement Plan, Pelagic Fisheries of the WesternPacific Region. NOAA/NMFS, Honolulu.

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This report is sponsored in part by:Cheesemans' Ecology Safaris (www.cheesemans.com) and their clients.

1834 Jefferson Place, NWWashington, DC 20036Tel: (202) 452 1535Fax: (202) 452 1534

American Bird ConservancyWild Bird Liberation FrontPacific Environment

1440 Broadway, Suite 306Oakland, CA 94612U.S.A.www.pacificenvironment.org

"I now belong to a higher cult of mortalsfor I have seen the albatross." Robert Cushman Murphy aboard the brig Daisy (1912)

P.O. Box 249The Plains, VA 20198Tel: (540) 253 5780Fax: (540) 253 5782www.abcbirds.org