COVERT INVESTIGATION AND SPECIALIST INTELLIGENCE

www.informaconnect.com/covert-investigation [email protected] UK +44 (0)20 8052 0602

POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATEPOSTGRADUATE DIPLOMAMASTER OF SCIENCEExamining the role of covert investigation and specialist intelligence in fighting serious organised crime, terrorism and other community threats

FROM THE LIVERPOOL CENTRE FORADVANCED POLICING STUDIES AT:

COVERT INVESTIGATIONAND SPECIALIST INTELLIGENCE

In Partnership with

https://informaconnect.com/covert-investigation/

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INTRODUCTION


Dear Prospective Student,

Covert techniques are some of the most powerful weapons available to the state in its ongoing effort to identify, disrupt and prosecute terrorists and serious organised criminals. However, these threats are ever-changing and accordingly, those charged with the management of covert techniques and specialist intelligence must continually adapt, innovate and evolve if they are to successfully counter threats. This requires detailed understanding of the techniques, the basis in law, the ethical boundaries and opportunities for optimal intelligence collection. Utilising this knowledge, the operative must be able to analyse, evaluate and make timely operational decisions to mitigate threat.This innovative postgraduate Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence programme will give you a solid understanding of the many challenges and opportunities facing the intelligence and covert investigative community today. The programme examines key themes and debates that shape policy and practice associated with intelligence and covert investigations. It addresses critical areas of contemporary concern within the field including effectiveness, value, lawfulness, risks and ethics. It does so by exploring a wider range of subjects including HUMINT collection, the elicitation of intelligence, investigative interview models, covert techniques, underpinning legislation, oversight mechanisms, intelligence sharing and analysis.This course has been designed to provide you with a deep and systematic understanding of the discipline, both within the UK and internationally. You will start with a solid understanding in the main conceptual and theoretical debates within the discipline of covert investigation and specialist intelligence and then apply them to current security issues at a local, national and global level. To enhance critical-thinking you will study this area from academic, strategic and operational perspectives. You will develop the skills of in-depth and critical analysis and become familiar with the latest research in the discipline. By developing a critical awareness of current problems, you will secure new insights.Aimed at the covert and intelligence operative, or those wishing to pursue this as a career path, the programme provides a flexible study option of a PGCert, PGDip and MSc. The programme will enable you to better analyse and evaluate these issues, a pre-requisite for anyone with a remit that involves intelligence and covert investigation.You will be supported during the programmes with access to course materials including specially-written content, video, audio, images, maps, intensively used discussion forums and full access to the resources of our library’s extensive electronic holdings.I welcome your interest in this ground-breaking course and I look forward to welcoming you as a student to study the fascinating and ever-changing field of intelligence and covert investigation.

Dr Adrian James Programme Leader

COURSE HIGHLIGHTS

Attendance: 100% online

Structure: 60 credits (PGCert), 120 credits (PGDip) or 180 credits (MSc) modules delivered online with associated multimedia resources, discussion forums, team collaboration and tutorial support

Award: PGCert / PGDip / MSc Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence

Duration: 11 months (PGCert) 22 months (PGDip) 27 months (MSc)

Mode: Part-time and Full-time

Delivery: Online distance learning

Progression: Students may enrol for just the PGCert (60 credits), or the PGDip (120 credits), or straightaway for the MSc (180 credits). Students enrolling onto the PGCert/PGDip level may re-enrol in future years to increase the level of their academic award

Awarded by: Liverpool John Moores UniversityThis is an LJMU programme and qualification, with enrolment and delivery administered by Informa Connect. The course is taught, assessed, quality assured and awarded by Liverpool John Moores University

This innovative programme is specifically designed for people either seeking to develop a career within intelligence, or professionals with a remit involving covert and intelligence matters. Intelligence and covert tactics are vital components in the context of the security framework and this course will examine the key issues associated with intelligence and covert operations at local, national and global levels.

The Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence course aims to offer an unrivalled and balanced insight into the current debates, opportunities and controversies around the subject. By doing so it will provide a solid grasp of the development and growth in the use of covert techniques and specialist intelligence globally and its application in a social and political context. These are outlined from both a law enforcement, intelligence agency and military engagement point of view with the course drawing from academic, strategic and operational perspectives.

The course also explores the ethical and legal issues raised by covert activity and intelligence collection and situates them within current academic literature. The material is delivered by widely published academics and by experienced practitioners within covert, intelligence and legal arenas. The University encourages applications from those professionals who may not have prior experience of academic study but may have substantial experience of operating within the field of intelligence and covert investigation.

3www.informaconnect.com/covert-investigation

[email protected] UK +44 (0)20 8052 0602

ABOUT THIS COURSE

When does it start?We offer two start dates per academic year (normally September and January).

What are the entry requirements? A relevant second-class honours degree or above (such as in

criminology, law, policing, security, social or political science) or an overseas equivalent qualification is normally required.

Alternatively, a graduate level professional qualification of comparable standard and/or suitable work experience (such as policing, corporate intelligence, security or military) may be accepted. This course has been designed to support those who may not have a first degree but wish to undertake this programme. The expectation is that the students experience will include a minimum 3 years working within a dedicated intelligence and/or covert investigative related role.

Proficiency in English – where English is a second language you will be required to demonstrate a minimum International English Language Testing System (IELTS) score of 6.5 or a Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) score of 575. In some cases, applicants who do not pass the standard entry requirement may be permitted to enrol at the discretion of the programme leader.

When you apply, you will need to submit proof of your prior qualifications, your CV, a copy of your passport page and the application fee.

How is the course assessed?To successfully complete this course, you must pass each module taken. Assessment will incorporate coursework, online assessments, research assignments and essays. You will be expected to participate in the virtual learning environment with tutors and fellow students.

How much does it cost?Please go online to www.informaconnect.com/covert-investigation and see the fees page for full details. An interest free instalment plan is available. Please contact us for more details.

Postgraduate loan If you are a UK or EU national,

or have UK ‘settled status’, and have lived in the UK or the EU (or wider

EEA) for the last 3 years, plus will be living in the UK on the first day of your course, and haven’t been awarded an

MSc, MA, MBA or PhD already, you may be eligible for a loan of over £11,570

from the UK Government to study this course. Contact us for information

or call the UK Student Loan Company (0300 100 0031).

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KEY INFORMATION


Apply straight to MSc level or build up

your qualification by starting with PGCert/PGDip

This programme is ideal for those seeking to enter into or advance their security or intelligence related careers in the public and private sector, as well as professionals already engaged in such fields who seek to enhance their knowledge, critical thinking and career prospects by undertaking further qualifications.The course is also of special benefit to anyone wishing to work in intelligence, investigations and security orientated careers or gain promotion in public, private or international organisations. It is ideal for those whose career plans involve dealing with serious organised crime, terrorism and international security affairs and would benefit from a solid academic grounding in the field.The programme will also be of interest to students who seek to develop a deeper understanding of the key aspects of intelligence and covert investigation and of the world we live in.

Detailed study guides

Electronic documents, readings, case studies and coursework

Pre-recorded lectures, asynchronous seminars and tutorials

Traditional textbooks

Online multimedia content

Interactive discussion groups

IDEAL FOR…

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WHO IS THE PROGRAMME FOR?


HOW YOU WILL LEARNThe course is taught in a distance learning format, with no attendance required on campus. All aspects of the programme are managed over the internet using a dedicated virtual learning environment platform which manages each participant’s learning schedule. The course will include access to online study materials plus tutorial and discussion forums for networking and interacting with tutors and peers. Forum discussions allow students to co-operate across time zones and share knowledge and experience and discuss the course content with other students and course tutors.

Each module uses a variety of learning tools combined into a varied, interactive programme with resources including:

The modules are made available to you following a schedule that allows you to work at your own pace but keep in sequence with the assessment requirements. Each module is broken into a series of units and lessons, making the content manageable while assisting with your time allocation throughout the programme.

Employability: Further your

career prospectsLiverpool John Moores

University has an excellent employability record with 96% (HESA 2017) of our

postgraduates in work or further study six months after graduation.

Our applied learning techniques and strong industry connections ensure

our students are fully prepared for the workplace on graduation and understand

how to apply their knowledge in a real-world context.

This programme prepares you for further study, employment or new roles in your

current profession.

Law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies currently suffer a skills gap in relation to quantitative

research. This programme aims to fill that gap. It teaches the skills of research, conceptualisation, analysis, argument,

and presentation – all highly valued in many areas of employment.

Students with an interest in pursuing an academic path will be encouraged to progress to PhD level. This MSc

plays an important development role in this process.



PROGRAMME FACULTY

PROGRAMME LEADER

Dr Adrian James I am a Senior Lecturer within the Liverpool Centre for Advanced Policing Studies and the programme leader for On-Line Distance Learning at both undergraduate level and

postgraduate, which are delivered in partnership with Informa Connect, my individual areas of delivery are terrorism/counter-terrorism and policing and society.Prior to LJMU, I was a Senior Lecturer in Policing with Teesside University and during that time I delivered programmes to West Mercia Police; the Royal Military/RAF Police and the Rwandan National Police; in addition to campus-based undergraduate teaching, which included delivery for the Criminology subject group.I am an author in the area of policing/criminal justice/terrorism and a regular contributor to live media such as BBC local radio; BBC Radio London, BBC Radio Kent, BBC BBC Tees, BBC Radio Newcastle, BBC Radio Stoke, BBC Radio Merseyside, BBC Radio Ulster, BBC Coventry and Warwick, BBC Wiltshire, BBC Radio Scotland, BBC Radio Wales and BBC Three Counties Radio; National Radio:- BBC ‘5 Live’, BBC World Service, LBC and Sputnick Radio stations and television channels:- BBC News Channel, BBC 1, BBC North West Tonight, BBC South East Today, BBC Northern Ireland, Sky News; CNBC, TRT World, France 24, Deutche Welle, Russia Today International and RT (UK), Indus Media (Pakistan) and GB News in respect of policing, terrorism and kindred matters Prior to working in the higher education sector, I was a police officer with Merseyside Police retiring in the rank of Inspector.In September, 2017 I was awarded a Chief Officer Commendation by Merseyside Police having assisted in the LJMU delivery of the Police Knowledge Fund in partnership with Merseyside Police as follows:-‘For professionalism and commitment to supporting the development of police officers and staff through evidenced based research thus creating a more efficient and effective service for the communities of Merseyside’

COURSE FACULTY

Mick Creedon QPM Mick Creedon QPM has over 37 years of experience in policing and security spending the last 16 years working at executive level as a Chief Officer in two

East Midlands forces and nationally representing the police service in England and Wales as the first national policing coordinator for serious and organised crime. Through his experience as a senior investigator he has carried out many external reviews and investigations in working with several other forces, the Independent Police Complaints Commission, HM Revenue and Customs, HM Inspectorate of Constabulary, the Criminal Case Review Commission, the National Crime agency, and several other Government departments.

Professor Sir Jon Murphy QPMSir Jon Murphy QPM joined Merseyside Police as a Cadet in January 1975. Following early uniform roles, he went on to an almost 20-year unbroken career as a detective rising to the

rank of Detective Superintendent Senior Investigating Officer (SIO) before returning to uniform duties as Force Operations Manager. He is a former SIO and Head of Intelligence who has performed the role of Gold Command during a counter-terrorist operation. He is retained as a policing advisor to Government and in 2017, following a lone-actor terrorist attack on Parliament tragically resulting in the death of a police officer, he conducted a review of security at the Palace of Westminster.

Richard Carr Richard Carr, an experienced senior officer in an urban force. He held the role of Lead Responsible Officer for crime and covert intelligence, major crime, kidnap and extortion,

gun and gang related criminality, human trafficking and modern slavery, cybercrime, which included the online sexual abuse of children and police corruption. A former Police Investigator of the Year, he was an accredited Home Office Senior Investigating Officer and was also accredited in the Strategic Management of Complex Cases. He undertook the role of Force Authorising Officer, ensuring that any covert activity he authorised was both compliant with human rights and associated legislation as well as operationally effective. He completed a Master of Studies in Criminology and Police Management at Cambridge University.

Peter Williams Peter Williams is a lecturer in Policing at the Liverpool Centre for Advanced Policing Studies. Prior to working in higher-education full time, he served as a Police Officer with

Merseyside Police, retiring as an Inspector in 2005. He then became a Senior Lecturer in Policing at Teesside University and during that time delivered policing programmes to the Royal Military and Royal Air Force police, the Rwandan National Police and West Mercia Police. He has written on policing, criminal justice and terrorism and is a regular contributor to global media on the subjects of policing and terrorism.

PROGRAMME FACULTY CONTINUED

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About the Liverpool Centre for Advanced Policing Studies (LCAPS)Established in 2015, LCAPS delivers a range of undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral qualifications in a range of areas from forensics and cybercrime, to international investigation and covert techniques. LCAPS is the chosen provider of the new College of Policing endorsed Police Degree Apprenticeship on

behalf of Merseyside Police and each year the Centre inducts over 350 new students a year across all of its programmes of study. The dedicated academics in the Centre cover research topics including:

human trafficking to supply the drugs trade; international terrorism; serious and organised crime; intelligence analysis and counter-terrorism, and many have extensive experience within law enforcement related roles.


I found the module very well structured and the videos very educative. The interviewed guests provided a good insight on the topic discussed based on their real life experience. The tutor leaded us in this module with diligence and pointed out any shortcomings in regard to transferring our knowledge on the academic level.Petre Corneliu Neacsu, Field Security Coordination Officer at the United Nations

Hear what a student said about their experience on the Counter-Terrorism Studies course also offered by LCAPS at LJMU:



PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

PGCert (Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence Studies)Comprises three mandatory modules:

1. Human Intelligence: HUMINT (20 credits)

2. Forensic Elicitation of Intelligence (20 credits)

3. Covert Techniques: Legislation and Operational Capability (20 credits)

MSc (Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence Studies)Comprises of the prior requirement for the PGCert and the PGDip plus a dissertation of 15,000 words

12. Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence Studies (60 credits)

PGDip (Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence Studies)Comprises the prior mandatory three modules and the mandatory Research Methods module:

4. Research Methods (10 credits)

Plus, any of the following options, adding up to, but not exceeding 50 credits:

5. Case Studies in Intelligence Success and Failure (20 credits)

6. Operational Ethics (20 credits)7. Intelligence Analysis (20 credits)8. Investigative Interviewing (20 credits)9. Disclosure (10 credits)10. Intelligence Sharing and Cooperation

(10 credits)11. Intelligence Oversight Mechanisms

(10 credits)

COVERT INVESTIGATION AND SPECIALIST INTELLIGENCE MODULES

MODULE 1

Human Intelligence: HUMINT (20 credits)HUMINT is perhaps the first covert collection discipline, an activity deployed by states and organisations for thousands of years. This module examines the collection discipline associated with human intelligence or, as it is more commonly known, HUMINT. It aims to introduce students to the range of HUMINT techniques in both overt and covert forms and will critically evaluate its emerging contribution to identifying and mitigating threats. Ethics and HUMINT will also be explored as students will critically examine the use of HUMINT in different social and operational contexts including the use of juveniles as informants, the role of informants who participate in crime and the use of legal representatives as informants. The module, recognising that HUMINT is not simply the domain of the State, will also examine the increasing use of HUMINT by the private sector and non-government organisations. The module engages closely with key texts by leading scholars in intelligence and security and pays particular attention to ethical approaches to the subject. Finally, the module seeks to equip students with an in-depth knowledge of community HUMINT and how this can be applied in covert operational settings.

Key Topics HUMINT: introduction to key legislative provision and oversight Development of HUMINT activity within the criminal

justice system Operational ethics: the use of juveniles, participating

informants and the use of legal representatives as informants Informant Part I: informant motivation and recruitment methods Informants Part II: the value, and opportunities of HUMINT Assisting Offenders and co-operative witnesses Undercover Policing Part I – the Undercover Policing Inquiry Undercover Policing Part II – operational case studies Community intelligence: the role of the citizen Cyberspace and HUMINT Corporate business and NGO use of HUMINT



MODULE 2

Forensic Elicitation of Intelligence (20 credits)The era of the ‘War on Terror’ highlighted the central role played by intelligence agencies, law enforcement and the military in securing the necessary critical intelligence to identify and mitigate threat. It was also an era where some of the accompanying policies and practices for the elicitation of intelligence were subject to closer public and governmental scrutiny. With the increasing pressure to secure high quality and timely intelligence came the accusations of questionable ethical elicitation techniques. This module aims to introduce the student to the array of academic research associated with the effective and ethical elicitation of intelligence. It will explore those techniques that appear to be both effective and ethical in securing information to better understand and then mitigate threat and harm. The accompanying interview models and techniques, when correctly applied against witnesses, victims, refugees, prisoners or other detainees can effectively contribute to both meeting reporting requirements and supporting the progression of investigations.

Key Topics Intelligence elicitation, regulatory control and oversight The ethics of intelligence elicitation Defining and identifying ‘Good’ intelligence Enhanced interrogation: the effectiveness of

non-coercive and coercive techniques The use of rapport: tackling desistence and

building rapport Eliciting intelligence from memory: innovative tools,

techniques and approaches Maximising the quantity and quality of information Identifying and tackling deceit and deception The Cognitive Interview and other intelligence interview

models Cyber / digital elicitation techniques Elicitation case study: prison debriefing

MODULE 3

Covert Techniques: Legislation and Operational Capability (20 credits)This module examines covert techniques routinely deployed against criminals, aggressive states and non-state actors. It will also consider and critically evaluate the governing legislation and procedures relating to the deployment of covert techniques and will critically assess the argument and balance between privacy against safety and security. The student will assess the various covert methods and technical equipment that are currently available and will examine the relevant law, procedures and guidance that govern their use in both reactive and proactive investigations. The course will critically evaluate the benefits and risks of managing the product from covert activities together with the authorisation processes, governance, and accountability in place. It will also cover an often overlooked area of study; the role of tasking and coordination models and senior leaders in covert operations.

Key Topics Development of covert capabilities The impact of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers

Act 2000 Investigatory Powers Act 2016: context and

capabilities Physical surveillance techniques Technical surveillance techniques Interception of communication (telephone and mail) The development of digital surveillance Equipment Interference & Part III Police Act 1997 Counter-surveillance techniques Tasking and coordination of covert operations Senior leaders and decision-making within

covert operations

MODULES CONTINUED

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MODULES CONTINUED


MODULE 5

Case Studies in Intelligence Success and Failure (20 credits)A disastrous military failure leading to a costly retreat, a successful surprise attack by terrorists with catastrophic consequences to a civilian population, or the death of a vulnerable person even after multiple indications of threat had been previously received by law enforcement. All these tragic circumstances can lead to accusations of state intelligence failure. However, what is meant by intelligence failure? Can it be predicted? Can it be prevented? In contrast, what makes for an intelligence success? Can intelligence success be replicated? This module will examine the concept of intelligence failure using real-world case studies, exploring the theoretical approaches that seek to explain failure, and then, apply these to cases drawn from the military, intelligence agencies, law enforcement and multi-agencies. This module gives a long-term view of the history of intelligence and then drills down to specific case studies, issues, and areas whose lessons are vital to understanding modern intelligence concepts and practice. By doing so, it encourages and enhances student critical thinking regarding the gathering, evaluating, securing and use of intelligence.

Key Topics Key milestones in the development of intelligence Development of partner intelligence –

prison intelligence Emergence of private sector intelligence capabilities The use of financial Intelligence to counter terrorism The emergence of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Humanitarian and UN Peacekeeper intelligence The Northern Ireland Troubles and the use

of intelligence. Intelligence failure: Case Study 1 - Military Intelligence failure: Case Study 2 –

National Security Intelligence failure: Case Study 3 – Law Enforcement Intelligence success: Case Study – Multi-agencies

MODULE 4

Research Methods (10 credits)The generation of high-quality research is critical for the development of covert and intelligence policy and practice. Without research how do we know what activities are effective? This module provides students with an introduction to quantitative and qualitative research methods, and the types of skills necessary for the planning, data gathering and writing a research proposal. It includes research design, methods of data collection and approaches to managing and analysing data. The module will equip students with a basic understanding of the underlying principles of quantitative and qualitative research and the links between the two. It will assist students in choosing the most appropriate research method to address a particular research question. The module will be geared towards the student completing the dissertation or an independent and original research paper, which may shape and influence future practice.

Key Topics Introduction to social research Using quantitative research & data Using qualitative research & data Data analysis and SPSS Research design Preparing the research ethics application Writing a research proposal



MODULES CONTINUED

MODULE 7

Intelligence Analysis (20 credits)The module considers what intelligence and analysis means. It explores its overall role and its application to security related issues of law enforcement, governmental agencies, international organisations, and the private sector. It addresses issues pertaining to the use of proactive intelligence and analysis. By using ‘real-world’ case-studies the module delves deeper into specific issues that offer challenges and opportunities for analysts and modern analytical practice.

Key Topics The concept of intelligence The intelligence process The analytical process The nature of sources of information and intelligence Case studies regarding the use and pitfalls of

intelligence and ‘lessons learned’ The nature and deployment of intelligence analysts Analysis relating to crime, and wider international

security issues in both the private and public sector The relationship between the analyst and the policy/

decision-maker Evaluating the quality of intelligence analysis Case Study: analysis and Iraqi Weapons of Mass

Destruction

MODULE 6

Operational Ethics (20 credits)Intelligence professionals are employees of governments and/or business who operate in an area that some would consider unethical. Ethics play out for all ranks and grades in organisations that utilise covert methodology or collect intelligence. The norms that appeared settled in the 1980s are now under scrutiny, with intelligence ethics now acting as a point of reference in public inquiries, both within the UK and further afield. Scandals involving intelligence agencies and law enforcement have led to growing demands for transparency and increased accountability. However, deception, secrecy and morally troubling compromises are often operationally necessary to mitigate risk. This module will focus on the ethical challenges arising from covert and specialist intelligence based operational practice and critically evaluate the dilemmas that exist when someone is asked to perform a task that potentially interferes with the rights of others. This module will examine the need for future operatives to foster an ethical climate within their organisations and within the senior leadership team. Critical analysis in this module is through the use of case studies, drawn from the UK and overseas. This will enable the student to explore the ethical issues associated with each covert investigative method and intelligence activity in order to learn lessons from the experience of others.

Key Topics Ethical theories Part I Ethical theories Part II Ethics and the intelligence profession Operational ethics – Targeted killings, intelligence and

counter-terrorism Operational ethics – Use of HUMINT within CSA and

the protection of the vulnerable Operational ethics - Bulk data surveillance and the

impact of Snowden Operational ethics – The use of torture and enhanced

interrogation techniques. Operational ethics – Interviewing of detainees

overseas & consolidated practice Operational ethics – International information sharing

and cooperation Building public and organisational confidence through

oversight Towards an ethical code of conduct for intelligence

officers

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MODULES CONTINUED


MODULE 9

Disclosure (10 credits)Securing a successful prosecution while still being able to protect covert methodology and sensitive sources is critical for law enforcement and intelligence agencies. This module will critically examine the principles of disclosure, taking the student through a structured, methodical process, discussing common law principles that apply, the statutory law as set out in the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 and the supporting codes of practice. The module will explore the role and responsibilities of investigators, disclosure officers and the Senior Investigating Officer, the disclosure test contained within the legislation and the requirements placed on the prosecution and the defence. Students will critically evaluate the common law rules of disclosure in the early stages of the investigation and prosecution case. There will be a focus on managing disclosure in complex cases, the scheduling and dealing with sensitive material, the application of Public Interest Immunity (PII) and considerations around third-party material. Students will also critically evaluate the legal and ethical considerations for investigators in managing criminal investigations and understanding the wider strategic issues faced by the Investigator including the role of the Prosecuting Authority.

Key Topics Development of disclosure rules Approaches to disclosure - international comparisons What constitutes used material? The nature of sensitive unused material Complex cases and third-party material Defence disclosure, applications for disclosure & the

continuing duty of disclosure Public interest immunity and protection of sensitive

methodology and sources

MODULE 8

Investigative Interviewing (20 credits)Effective interviewing is central to the success of both overt and covert investigation and accordingly the highest standards of practice need to be upheld. It can identify both the guilt and innocence of people. It can support the prosecution case and, if effective, can increase public confidence. In this context, interviewees can include victims, witnesses, prisoners and suspects. Agencies, both private and state need to develop and maintain interview skills of their employees. Effective interviewing can assist with directing the interview. It can ensure they are undertaken ethically and are consistent with the rule of law. The aim of the module is to critically explore the intersection of psychology and policing. It will also examine current practices, techniques and applications of police interviewing. The student will be exposed to comparative international techniques in interviewing, interpretation of verbal and physical behaviour, causes of denial, deception and defensiveness. This module can be integrated with Module 2, the forensic elicitation of intelligence.

Key Topics Introduction to forensic psychology: psychological

disorders associated with criminal behaviour Importance of confessions: why suspects confess

during interviews Theoretical approaches: eyewitness identification &

memory cognition Part I - pre-interview disclosure Part II - ethical challenges connected to investigative

interviewing and the use of staged disclosure The UK PEACE interviewing model: examination of

Planning and Preparation and Engage and Explain stages of the PEACE Model

Question types Account stage of the PEACE Model. Topic management conversation management

Special warnings employed during UK PEACE interviews and application of learning through practical exercise and observational discussion

ORBIT (Observing Rapport Based Inter-Personal Techniques)

Investigative interviewing – the national picture

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MODULES CONTINUED

Key Topics Intelligence oversight in the United Kingdom The role and function of the UK Intelligence and

Security Committee of Parliament US Intelligence Oversight Mechanisms The role of the media in intelligence oversight Case study: intelligence oversight Future challenges to effective oversight

MODULE 12Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence Dissertation (60 credits)The vocational nature of this postgraduate programme is further enhanced by the dissertation, which is particularly useful for working professionals who want to focus their efforts on a topic that has particular relevance either to their own work environment or one in which they may want to further develop their career. The dissertation enables students to investigate and undertake an independent and sustained piece of research into a substantive topic within the field of Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence studies. Students can select their own research area, but this is subject to authorisation of the course leader and the dissertation must include independent and original empirical research. Students will submit a formal dissertation plan and once this has been approved, students will be allocated a dissertation tutor, and for the remainder of the module, supervision of the dissertation will be conducted on an individual basis. It is expected that pertinent knowledge and skill gained in other course modules will be reflected in the dissertation.

MODULE 10Intelligence Sharing and Cooperation (10 credits)The failure to share information with others can undermine the effectiveness of operations and investigations, sometimes fatally. Even though the benefits of intelligence sharing have been well evidenced, why does this appear to be a regular problem across agencies. This module explores how intelligence sharing mechanisms have developed over time, locally, nationally and internationally. It will critically assess the legislative provision underpinning the management of information and explore the barriers and enablers to effective sharing and cooperation.

Key Topics The development of an intelligence sharing operational

environment Intelligence sharing legislation UK intelligence sharing mechanisms EUROPOL and transnational cooperation The role of Interpol in intelligence and sharing The development and role of the Five Eyes Intelligence

Community

MODULE 11Intelligence Oversight Mechanisms (10 credits)The 9/11 attacks, the terrorist attacks in London, the murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby and the War in Iraq and the weapons of mass destruction have all led to inquiries into how the intelligence and law enforcement agencies collected, handled and used intelligence. Oversight can also be applied at regional and local levels, often undertaken by Inspectorates and Investigatory Offices. However, what does effective oversight look like? Why is oversight so important to intelligence agencies and law enforcement? What happens if oversight is ineffective? What is the capacity and expertise required to deliver effective and meaningful oversight? This module critically examines both UK and USA oversight, comparing and contrasting the two approaches. Effective legislative or parliamentary scrutiny can, if undertaken effectively, ensure that intelligence agencies continue to both attract the resources required and deploy these efficiently and ethically. Recognising that scrutiny does not just come from State organisations, the module also examines the important role of the media in oversight.

WHO WE ARE

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Flexible – take control of where, when, how and the rate at which you study

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Network – with tutors and like-minded professionals from around the world. Use our online tutorial forum to ask questions and share knowledge

Save money – no additional travel or accommodation costs

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ABOUT LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY

Today, with a vibrant community of 25,000 students from over 100 countries world-wide, 2,500 staff and 250 degree courses, Liverpool John Moores University is one of the largest, most dynamic and forward-thinking universities in the UK.

The Covert Investigation and Specialist Intelligence programme is delivered by the Liverpool Centre for Advanced Policing Studies at Liverpool John Moores University. The university combines professionally recognised qualifications with innovative and socially orientated courses. The centre has an outstanding reputation for research, with academic staff contributing regularly to industry journals, advisory groups, governmental policy, as well gaining regular public exposure through the press and broadcast media.

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COVERT INVESTIGATION AND SPECIALIST INTELLIGENCE