Covid-19 phone survey (round 2) in Ethiopia - GAGE · 2021. 5. 10. · Sarah Baird, Joan Hamory, Nicola Jones, Rebecca Dutton and Workneh Yadete May 2021. Acknowledgements The authors

Covid-19 phone survey (round 2) in Ethiopia

Adult female module

Sarah Baird, Joan Hamory, Nicola Jones, Rebecca Dutton and Workneh Yadete

May 2021

AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful for the contributions of Jennifer Seager, Erin Oakley, Tassew Woldehanna and Laterite Ethiopia to the preparation of this survey.

We sincerely acknowledge all the adolescent girls and boys and their families, as well as teachers and service providers, in Ethiopia for sharing their experiences, without whom the study would not have been possible. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the layout support from Anna Andreoli.

Suggested citation: Baird, S., Hamory, J., Jones, N., Dutton, R. and Yadete, W. (2021) Covid-19 phone survey (round 2) in Ethiopia. Adult female module. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]

GAGE Adult Female Survey 1COVID-19 Survey Round 2 (2020-2021)

1. Household ID: [____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____]2. Date of interview attempt (Gregorian dd/mm/yyyy): [___|___]/[___|___]/[___|___]3. Start time of interview attempt (h:mm; 24-hour clock): [___|___] : [___|___]4. Select interviewer name from provided list. [____|____|____|____]5. Yes …......................................................................................................1

No….......................................................................................................................2

5a Yes, both AF and CR …......................................................................................................1Yes, AF only …......................................................................................................2Yes, CR only…......................................................................................................3No….......................................................................................................................4

Read the introductory phone script for this survey.6. Yes ….......................................................................................................................1 >>Q7

No ….............................................................................................................26a. Why not? Phone number stopped working…..............................................1

Line busy and is not being picked up …...............................................2Network problem …............................................................................................3The phone rings but no response …...............................................................4Someone answers who is not from GAGE hh, and does not know GAGE household ….............................…..............................................................5Someone answers who is not from GAGE hh, but does know GAGE household….................................…..............................................................6

7Other (specify) __________________________________________________-96 >> End survey and call next phone

number for hh6b. Yes ….......................................................................................................................1

No ….............................................................................................................2 >> End survey and call next phone number for hh

6c. Number:_________________________(Circle one) Mobile / Landline

6d. Whose phone is this? Owner's full name (First, Middle, Last): ___________________6e. [____|____] _____________________________

7. Minor living with adults …................................................................................................1Minor who is emancipated or living alone…...................................................................2Adult (age 18+) …...................................................................................3

8.

8a. 1234 >> Q8d

CR her/himself who is aged 15-18 and lives with an adult…...........5 >> Q8eCannot find someone to interview who is eligible to be an AF…....................6 >> end AF module interview

8b. Yes ….......................................................................................................1No ….........................................................................................................2

8c. Yes ….......................................................................................................1No ….........................................................................................................2

8d. Yes ….......................................................................................................1 >> next sectionNo ….........................................................................................................2

8e. Yes ….......................................................................................................1No ….........................................................................................................2

8f. Yes ….......................................................................................................1 >> next sectionNo ….........................................................................................................2 >> Q8h

CR her/himself who is aged 18+ or lives alone or is emancipated…..................................................

Seek a respondent for the AF Module in the following order. Use best judgement on respondent, keeping in mind that it is better to conduct the AF and CR Modules as soon as possible (preferably during this call). Do not wait to interview an adult female primary caregiver if this means a delay of several days, when it is possible to get a different adult respondent for the AF module sooner. 1. Adult female primary caregiver for the CR 2. Another adult female in the CR's household 3. Adult male in the CR's household 4. CR her/himself (as long as CR is aged 15+ and parent/guardian consent is obtained if the CR is a minor who is not emancipated/living alone)

Who will be the respondent for the AF survey? Adult female primary caregiver for the CR….....................................

What is the current status of the CR?

Another adult female in the CR's household…..................................Adult male in the CR's household…...................................................

We will seek to interview the CR for both of AF and CR Modules. Read the consent entitled "Informed Consent for Adult Caregiver" to the adult parent/guardian for the CR. Does the adult consent to allowing the minor CR to participate in the study?

Read the assent entitled "Informed Assent for Adolescents" to the CR. Does the CR consent to participate in the study?

>> attempt to find another respondent for the AF module, or skip to Q8g

>> attempt to find another respondent for the AF module, or skip to Q8h

>> attempt to find another respondent for the AF module, or skip to Q8h

Does the adult consent to allow the CR to participate in the study? >> next section

Read the consent entitled "Informed Consent for Adult Caregiver" to the adult AF respondent. Does the adult consent to participate in the study?

We will seek to interview the CR for both of AF and CR Modules. Read the consent entitled "Informed Consent for Independent and 18+ Adolescents" to the CR. Does the CR consent to participate in the study?

CoVID-19 Survey R2 (2020-2021)COVERSHEET FOR HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE - ETHIOPIA

HOUSEHOLD IDENTIFICATION

>> End survey and call this new phone number for the household

Are you able to get a new contact phone number for the GAGE household we seek?

What is this new phone number for the GAGE household?

What is this person's relationship to [CR Name]? "This person is [CR Name]'s...?" Use G1 codes.

>> Discontinue survey and seek correct household

This is the information we have for the core respondent. Do not read this information aloud, but ask gender and birthplace information, and confirm that answers match what we have in our records. You can also ask the birthdate and parent name information if needed. CR Name: [FROM TRACKING INFO]CR Gender: [FROM TRACKING INFO]CR Birthplace: [FROM TRACKING INFO]CR Birthdate: [FROM TRACKING INFO]CR Father's Name: [FROM TRACKING INFO]CR Mother's Name: [FROM TRACKING INO]Are you confident that the household you are speaking to contains the CR we seek?

Are you able to procede with a phone conversation with a someone from the GAGE household?

Is there a Round 1 Covid-19 survey for this household?

>> End survey and call next phone number for hh

Household reached, but refuses to speak by phone…........................

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


Adult refused to participate in interview ….................................................1Someone such as spouse refused to let adult participate …....2Adult was unavailable for interview (too busy or not at home) …...........3Adult is willing to participate, but only in a face-to-face interview…......4Other: Specify __________________________________________________-96

8h. Why not? CR refused to participate…......................................................................1Someone else refused to let the CR participate ….......................................2CR was unavailable for interview (too busy or not at home) …..........3CR was unable to interview due to illness/disability …........................4CR is willing to participate, but only in a face-to-face interview5Other: Specify __________________________________________________-96

8g. Why not?

>> end AF module and attempt to complete CR module

>> end interaction with household

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


1. Date of interview (Gregorian dd/mm/yy): [___|___]/[___|___]/[___|___]1a. Date of interview (Ethiopian dd/mm/yyyy):

2. Start time of interview (hh:mm; 24-hour clock): [___|___] : [___|___]3. Select interviewer name from provided list. [____|____|____|____]4. What is the current age of the CR in years? [_____] years old

4a.What is the current age of the AF repondent in years? [__|__] years old

Female decisionmaker for CR………..........……….. 1Female who is not decisionmaker for CR…..………………….……………………..2Male (not CR)…..………………….........…………………...…..3CR him/herself..........................................................................4 >> Directions

before Q5

If HH CS Q8a=1 (AF is the adult female primary caretaker), skip to instructions before Q6. 5. Primary Female Decisionmaker not willing to participate …................1

Primary Female Decisionmaker is busy …..................................................2Primary Female Decisionmaker is ill ….............................................................3Primary Female Decisionmaker is only willling to participate in a face to face interview ….................................................................4CR is married, so spouse is the AF respondent …................................5CR is married and living with spouse, but spouse is unavailable …...........

6

CR was married but is divorced ….................................................................7CR is the head of a Child Headed Household (CHH) …..................................8CR lives alone ….............................................................................................9Other (specify) __________________________________________-96

6. Yes……………………………………………………...............……1 >>Q7No………………………………………………………...................2New primary female decisionmaker ….......................................1Primary female decisionmaker not

available for Covid Round 1, but available now ….........................................................2Primary female decisionmaker not available ….....................3CR now lives as married or independently ……….....................4Other (specify) __________________________________________-96

7. Yes…………………………………………………………..................1No………………………………………………………...................2Refused……………………………………………………..... -97

If AF CR q6=1, skip to the next section 8.

CoVID-19 Survey R2 (2020-2021)HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIREADULT FEMALE MODULE - ETHIOPIA

[___|___]/[___|___]/[___|___|___|___] Use G6 mm codes.

AF Module respondent name (First Middle Last): _________________________________________________________

Please explain why a female decisionmaker for CR was not interviewed.

Compare the CR age to the age at Round 2 survey. If the age is less than the R2 survey age, or greater than the R2 survey age by more than one year, confirm that the age listed in Q4 is correct before proceeding.

If HH CS Q5a=3 or 4 (there was no COVID R1 AF survey) >> Q7 .

4b. What is the role of this AF respondent?

4c. What is the AF's relationship to [CR Name]? The AF is the [CR name]'s _______: (Use G1 codes)

Is the respondent the same respondent that was surveyed at the Round 1 Covid survey?6a. Why was the same respondent not interviewed?

Does the AF currently live in the same household as the CR?

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]

GAGE Adult Female Survey 4 COVID-19 Survey Round 2 (2020-2021)

If AF=CR, skip to next section.

Knowledge About COVID-19 and Preventative Behaviors

1. Many, including my own……………………………………………….1Many, but not my own ………………………………………………..2Some ………………………………………………..3Few ….................................................................4None …............................................................5Do not read: Refused...………………………………………..-97Do not read: Don't know……………………………………………-99

For the question below, read each statement (A-U) for Q2, then proceed to the next row.PROGRAMMING: RANDOMIZE ORDER OF STATEMENTS A-U BELOW

2.

a. For people who are still working, wages have decreased

m. More people are becoming very anxious or depressed

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __][ __ __][ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

[ __ __]

In your community, how many households do you think have been affected by infection from the Coronavirus (the virus causing COVID-19), with someone in the household becoming sick? [Read answer options aloud unless otherwise specified]

If Q2= -97 (refused, skip to next item)

d. During the school closure, many children were unable to continue their studies at home

In your community, which of the following has increased since the Coronavirus situation in Ethiopia began in early Megabit? [01=Yes, 02=No, -97=Refused, -99=DK]

CORONAVIRUS KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDES

Read: First, I'd like to ask you a few questions about the health situation in your country.

Sources: Parts of this section were drawn from the EMERGE COVID-19 and Gender Survey Questions (Center on Gender Equity & Health, 2020)

Source: Questions 1-2 were adapted from the EMERGE COVID-19 and Gender Survey Questions (Center on Gender Equity & Health, 2020)

Households have been randomly assigned to Group 1 or Group 2. Group 1 households should be asked the questions highlighted in light grey. Group 2 households should be asked the questions highlighted in dark grey.

r. Many families have to tolerate/ turn to debts

b. Families cannot afford to buy enough food to eat or are changing what they eat.

h. Adolescent girls are facing more bullying and violence from male siblings

f. There is more violence towards girls (such as spanking or hitting) in the household

g. There is more violence towards women from male family male members? (i.e husband, brother, brother-inlaw, etc..)

c. Many schools have closed, and remain closed

e. There is more violence towards boys (such as spanking or hitting) in the household

p. There is an increase in begging in the community.

k. People are drinking alcohol morel. People are chewing khat more

o. Young people are volunteering more (such as distributing hygiene kits or participating in social media campaigns)

n. There is an increase in thoughts about self-harm, or people harming themselves

i. There is more violence from police towards people who go out illegally during lockdown?

j. People are smoking cigarettes and tobacco more. [ __ __]

q. Many households are selling assets to cope with economic downfall.

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


[ __ __]

[ __ __]

u. There is more civil or political unrest in my community

t. More people in the community are unable to get medical care for health needs that are not related to COVID-19 (e.g., maternal health care, medications for chronic diseases, contraceptives, etc.)

[ __ __]

s. Increase in pregnancy since the start of corona and lockdown

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


DEMOGRAPHICS

1.

2.

Yes …....................................................1.No …..............................................2.

3. Yes …....................................................1.No …..............................................2.

3a. What is this household head's gender? Male…................................................................................1Female….....................................................................................2Refused…..........................................................................-97Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

3b. How old is this household head? (in years; -99=DK) [_______] years old

Sources: This section is adapted from the Yale CBPS COVID-19 survey. Read: Now I'd like to ask about some of the people in your household.

4.

If R1 survey skip to Q7

5. 1234567

HIV...........................................................................................8No chronic health conditions….........................................................................-95

-96Do not read: Refused…...........................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

6. Yes ….................................1No ….................................2Refused…...........................................................................-97Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

7. Yes ….................................1No ….......................... 2Refused…...........................................................................-97Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

8. Yes, diagnosed ….................................1Yes, suspect …..........................2No …..............................................3Refused…...........................................................................-97 >> Q10Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

9. Yes, diagnosed ….................................1Yes, suspect …..........................2No …..............................................3Refused…...........................................................................-97Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

Does anyone in your household have any of the following chronic conditions? [Read all answer options aloud unless otherwise specified. Select all that apply.]

Do you personally know of anyone in Ethiopia who has been diagnosed with the Coronavirus or you suspect to have had the Coronavirus? Note: if answers both diagnosed and suspected please select both.

Do you personally know of anyone in Ethiopia who has died of the Coronavirus or you suspect to have died from the Coronavirus? Note: if answers both diagnosed and suspected please select both.

>> Q3d

Cancer….............................................................................................

Diabetes…..................................................................................Chronic respiratory disease, such as cystic fibrosis….........................................................................

[___|___] adults above 60How many people above the age of 60 are currently living in your household?

Heart/cardiovascular disease….................................................

Asthma….............................................................................................

3e. What is the relationship of this household head to you? This person is your _______: (Use G1 codes.) [___] _______________________

Read: Next, we are going to talk about your household. If you need other members of your household to help you answer these questions, that is fine. Now I would like to find out about all of the individuals in your household. By household, I mean the place where you and [CR name, if respondent is not CR] usually sleep, not necessarily your ancestral lands or family home. By the individuals in the household, I mean those who “eat from the same pot.”

How many adults (individuals aged 18 or older) live in this household? Please include all adults who typically live in this household, even if they did not sleep here last night.

[_____] adults

How many children (individuals aged 0-17) live in this household? Please include all children who typically live in this household, even if they did not sleep here last night.

[_____] children

Renal (kidney) or liver disease….........................................................................

Other, specify _________________ ….........................................................................

Are there any pregnant women in your household?

Are there any women in your household who gave birth in the past 6 weeks?

[___] _______________________

Skip to read statement before Q5 if CR=AF respondent.

Hypertension….........................................................................

"When we last interviewed this household, the household head was [name of latest household head] . Is this person the current household head?"

3c. What is this household head's highest educational qualification (certificate)? (Use E2 codes.)

[___] _______________________

If 0 >> inst before Q3

2a. Are there any children aged 10 or younger in the household?

Household Members and Risk Factors for Covid-19

3d. What is the relationship of this household head to [CR name] . This person is [CR name] 's _______: (Use G1 codes.)

Skip to read statement before Q5 if AF is the Head of Household3f. What is your highest educational qualification (certificate)? (Use E2 codes.)

[___] _______________________

Household Head

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


10. Yes, at home….................................1Yes, outside the home …2No …..............................................3

Refused…...........................................................................-97Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

11. 12

34-97-99

12. If Q11 is not 4: Yes, tested someone in the household….....................................................................................................1Yes, temperature….....................................................................................................2Yes, checked for symptoms…........................................................3Yes, provided information/advice …................................................................4No ….........................................................................................................5Refused …....................................…..........................................................................-97Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..-99

13. Yes, as usual……………………………………………….1

Only when necessary…..........................................................2

No staying at home all the time…..................................3

Do not read: Refused...………………………………………..-97Do not read: Don't know……………………………………………-99

14. 123456

To religious services at a church/mosque…................................................................7-96

Refused………………………………………………............................................................................-97

Don't Know………………………………………………............................................................................-99

15. 12-97-99

15a. Has [CR Name]'s school reopened? 12-97 >> Q15d-991 >> Q15d2-97-99

Health concerns about Corona.............................................................................................1Other health concerns.............................................................................................2Safety concerns.............................................................................................3No teachers or instruction at school.............................................................................................4CR working inside the home.............................................................................................5CR working outside the home.............................................................................................6CR is married.............................................................................................7CR is pregnant .............................................................................................8

-97-99

If AF is CR's spouse, skip to next section

[DON'T READ OPTIONS OUT - SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]

To see family and friends………………………………………………............................................................................

Have you or anyone in your household ever received a Coronavirus test? [Read all answer options aloud unless otherwise noted. Select one.]

Yes, one or more household members tested positive ….................................

Where have you or other people in your household gone during the last 7 days?

Do not read: Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..

No, no household members have been tested …..........................

To go to school………………………………………………............................................................................

Other, specify: _________________________________________.......................................

Do not read: Refused…...........................................................................Do not read: Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..

>> read statement

before Q16

Have you or anyone in your household being been put on mandatory quarantine since the start of the Coronavirus situation in early Megabit? Note: AF can select options 1 and 2 together

If CR is <18 years old, and CR is not the AF, continue. Otherwise, skip to next section.

>> Instructions before Q15

Yes household member(s) tested, but have not yet received results….................................................

Pharmacy………………………………………………............................................................................Doctor………………………………………………............................................................................

Yes, but no household members tested positive…........................

Are you or other members of your household going out of the house? (Enumerator Note: Only when necessary includes trips for supplies, food or work)[READ ALL OPTIONS ALOUD UNLESS SPECIFIED]

To buy food/groceries, or to the market………………………………………………............................................................................

COVID-19 and CR Wellbeing

To work………………………………………………............................................................................

Has someone come to your door to test you or other household members for the Coronavirus, or taken temperatures or checked you or other household members for symptoms (e.g. asked about fever, dry cough, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chills, repeated shaking with chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, or new loss of taste or smell), or provided information about Coronavirus? [Read all answer options aloud unless otherwise specified. Select all that apply.]

No …........................................................................................…..........................

15b. Has [CR Name] attended school since it reopened?,

15c. What is the reason for [CR Name] not returning to school?

Refused…...........................................................................Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..

[DON'T READ OPTIONS OUT - SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]

No …........................................................................................…..........................Yes …...............................................................................................

Source: Questions 15a and 15b are adapted from the Hidden Impact of COVID-19 on Children survey by Save the Children International (Burgess et al, 2020).


>> Q15d

Was [CR Name] enrolled in school prior to the Coronavirus pandemic that began in early Megabit?

Yes …...............................................................................................No …........................................................................................…..........................

Do not read: Refused…...........................................................................

Do not read: Refused…...........................................................................Do not read: Don't know……………………………..………………………..………..Yes …...............................................................................................

Read: Now I would like to ask you a few questions about [CR Name] .

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


1234-97-991234-97-99

Codes for 15f and 15g a. A mask1= Yes b. Alcohol and/or hand sanitizer2= No-97= Refused-99= Don't know

a. A mask

b. Alcohol and/or hand sanitizer

Answer Codes for Q16-19a1=Agree2=Partially Agree3=Disagree

Do not read: -97=Refused, -99=Don't Know

Note: Randomize the order of questions16-19a.16. [CR Name] spends more time doing household chores now than before the Corona situation?

16a I am concerned that [CR Name] will not ever be able to return to school.

17.

18.

19.

If CR is 15 or older, skip to next section

20. Yes……………………………………………1No…………………………………………………2Do not read aloud: Refused………..……………………………………-97 >> Next SectionDo not read aloud: Don't know……………..-99

|_____|

I only supported my child a little bit …............…...........................................................No …................................................................…..........................

|_____|

|_____||_____|

c. A school uniform, stationary, books, and/or school bag

[CR Name] has fallen behind in [his/her] education since the Coronavirus situation that started in early Megabit.

[CR Name] spends more time taking care of children and the elderly now than before the Coronavirus situation that started in early Megabit. |_____|

|_____|

Much less than when they were at school…............…...........................................................Nothing at all …................................................................…..........................

15e. If 15a=1: Do you feel that you were able to sufficiently support [CR Name] ’s learning -for instance through providing time for them to study, helping them with their learning, or support in some other way- at home during the school closure? If 15a=2,-97,-99: Do you feel that you are able to sufficiently support [CR Name] ’s learning -for instance through providing time for them to study, helping them with their learning, or support in some other way- at home during this school closure? [Read response options aloud unless specified.]

Read: Thinking about [CR Name] , do you agree, partially agree or disagree with the following questions:

A lot, but not as much as when they were at school…..............................................................................................

If CR was not in school prior to pandemic 15=2, -97, or -99 or has already returned to school 15b=1, skip to 19

Yes, I supported my child a lot …...................................................................Sometimes…..............................................................................................


15f. Did you or [CR's name] receive __________ from [CR's name] school?

18a. Studying at home has been challenging for [CR Name].

19a. The Coronavirus situation that began in early Megabit has made it important that [CR Name] gets married soon.

The Coronavirus situation that began in early Megabit has decreased the pressure on [CR Name] to get married.

|_____|

|_____|

|_____|

Read: The few next questions ask about difficulties people might have doing certain activities. Does [CR Name] have moderate to severe difficulties seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, communicating, or caring for themselves, such as dressing or washing all over?


For Q19 and Q19a: -95=N/A/CR is already married

|_____|

If CR was not in school prior to pandemic 15=2, -97, or -99 or has already returned to school 15b=1, skip to 17

15d. If 15a=1: While schools were closed, how much do you think [CR Name] was learning?If 15a=2,-97,-99: During this school closure, how much do you think [CR Name] is learning? [Read response options aloud unless specified.]

As much as they were at school …...................................................................

If15b=1 (CR has returned to school), continue, if not, skip to directions before16

15g. Were you required to purchase ______ for [CR name] to return to school?

|_____|

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


a. Seeing, even if wearing glasses [ ____ ]b. Hearing, even if using a hearing aid [ ____ ]

[ ____ ]d. Remembering or concentrating [ ____ ]e. Caring for themself, such as washing all over or dressing [ ____ ]

[ ____ ]

Agree………………………………………………….1Partially agree………………………………………………….2Disagree………………………………………………….3Do not read aloud: Refused………..……………………………………-97Do not read aloud: Don't know……………..-99

c. Walking or climbing steps

f. Communicating, either expressing themself or being understood

20b. Do you agree, partially agree, or disagree with the following statement: B200 Name] had more trouble accessing information about Corona/COVID-19 than peers his/her age who do not have similar moderate to severe difficulties.

20a What kind of activities does [CR Name] have moderate or severe difficulty doing? Read a-f aloud. (1=Yes, 2=No, -97=Refused; -99=DK)

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


NUTRITION & FOOD SECURITY

Food InsecurityQ1-3 is Fanta Scale1. Yes………………………………………….………………………1

No……………………………………………………………………2No response………………………………………..-97 >> Q2Don’t know………………………………………-99Rarely (1-2 times)…………………………………1Sometimes (3-10 times)……………………………….2Often (More than 10 times)………………………..3Do not read: Refused………………………-97Do not read: Don't know………………………..………………..-99

2. Yes………………………………………….………………………1No……………………………………………………………………2No response………………………………………..-97 >> Q3Don’t know………………………………………-99Rarely (1-2 times)…………………………………1Sometimes (3-10 times)……………………………….2Often (More than 10 times)………………………..3Do not read: Refused………………………-97Do not read: Don't know………………………..………………..-99

3. Yes………………………………………….………………………1No……………………………………………………………………2No response………………………………………..-97Don’t know………………………………………-99Rarely (1-2 times)…………………………………1Sometimes (3-10 times)……………………………….2Often (More than 10 times)………………………..3Do not read: Refused………………………-97Do not read: Don't know………………………..………………..-99

(Note: Questions 4-5 were adapted from the IFPRI Harvest Plus evaluation.)If CR lives alone, skip to read statement before Q64. Yes………………………………………………………………….1

No……………………………………………………………………2Refused.................………………………………………..-97No boys <18 in household…....................................-98Don’t know………………………………………-99

5. Yes………………………………………………………………….1No……………………………………………………………………2Refused.................………………………………………..-97No girls <18 in household….........................................-98Don’t know………………………………………-99

Read: Now I would like to ask you a couple of questions about your access to water6. Yes, difficulty, no change due to Coronavirus ………………………………………………………………….1

Yes, difficulty, increased due to Coronavirus ……………………………………………………………………2Yes, difficulty, but better off since Coronavirus …................................ 3No Difficulty …................................................................................ 4Do not read aloud: Refused…………………………………… -97Do not read aloud: Don’t know………………………………………. -99

Yes …...............................................................................1No …..........................................................................................2Refused………………………………………..........................................-97Don’t know……………………………………….-99

Does your household have difficulty accessing water for drinking? [Read answer options aloud unless otherwise specified.]

6a. Does your household have difficulty accessing water for handwashing?

Read: Next I would like to ask you some questions about nutrition and food in your household.

During the last 4 weeks, compared to their usual diet, did you or others in your household cut back quantities served per meal to girls in the household?

>> Instructions before Q4

In the past 4 weeks, was there ever no food to eat of any kind in your house because of lack of resources to get food?

1a. How often did this happen in the past 4 weeks? Read response options aloud unless otherwise specified.

In the past 4 weeks, did you or any household member go to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food?

2a. How often did this happen in the past 4 weeks? Read response options aloud unless otherwise specified

In the past 4 weeks, did you or any household member go a whole day and night without eating anything at all because there was not enough food?

3a. How often did this happen in the past 4 weeks? Read response options aloud.

During the last 4 weeks, compared to their usual diet, did you or others in your household cut back quantities served per meal to boys in the household?

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


Food Security Resources7. Yes, PSNP………………………………………………….1

Yes, UPSNP………………………………………………….2No………………………………………………….................................….3Refused……………………………....................................…………-97

Don’t know………………………………………….............................-99

Grain, specify amount ________________........................1Cash, specify amount _________________....................2Cash, conditional on work, specify amount ____________ 3Other, specify ____________________ ….........................-96Refused……………………………………….......................................-97Don’t know…………………………………….....................…….-99Same………………………………………………..............…….1Less………………………………………………......................…….2More….............................................................................3Refused……………………………………….......................................-97Don’t know…………………………………………..................................-99

8. Do you or anyone in your household participate in farming land? Yes …...........................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused…………………………….............……………..............-97Yes .............................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused………...........………………………………….............................-97Yes .....................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused………...........………………………………….............................-979 Yes .....................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused………...........………………………………….............................-97

Displaced from home…..............................1Crop loss….................................................2

Do not read response options aloud. Select all that apply. Unable to purchase food at market…............3Other, specify ____________________ ….........................-96Refused……………………………………….......................................-97Don’t know…………………………………….....................…….-99

10 Yes .....................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused………...........………………………………….............................-97 >> next section

Yes .....................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused………...........………………………………….............................-97Don’t know…………………………………….....................…….-99Yes .....................................................................................................1

No …...........................................................................................................2

Refused………...........………………………………….............................-97

7b. When did your household most recently receive a transfer from PSNP/UPSNP? (Ethiopian calendar. Use G6 mm codes. Don't know = -99)

[___|___|___|___] year [____|____] month

7c. What did your household most recently receive from PSNP/UPSNP?

>> Q10

7d.Was this amount the same, less or more than your household normally receives?

7e. When does your household next expect to receive a transfer from PSNP/UPSNP? (Ethiopian calendar. Use G6 mm codes. ) Don't know = -99, Never=-77

Has your household ever received benefits from the PSNP or UPSNP?

>> Q8

7a. When was your household first enrolled in PSNP/UPSNP? Please estimate the month and year. (Ethiopian calendar. Use G6 mm codes. Don't know = -99)

[___|___|___|___] year [____|____] month

[___|___|___|___] year [____|____] month

>> 8b

>> Q7e

10b. Has anyone in your household been a victim of violence or threats in the last year?

Has your household been negatively affected by any civil or political unrest that has happened near you in the last year?

10a. Has anyone in your household witnessed political or civil violence or unrest in the last year?

8a. Have you experienced any crop loss as a result of the locusts that have been seen in Ethiopia in the past year?

8b. Has your household food supply been negatively affected by the locusts that been seen in Ethiopia in the past year?

Has your household been affected negatively by flooding that has occurred in Ethiopia in the past year?

9a. How has your household been negatively affected by the flooding in the past year?

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]

GAGE Adult Female Survey 12

COVID-19 Survey Round 2 (2020-2021)

ECONOMICSWork and Income

1. Food crop farming (crops grown primarily for household consumption)……………………………….1Cash crop farming (crops grown primary for sale in the market)…………………………….....................................2Livestock raising, fishing, or fishpond culture………………………………………..………..................3Wage and salary employment (including work that is paid in cash or in kind, including both agriculture and other work)………………………….……….....................4Other non-farm economic activities (including things like running a small business, self-employment, buy-and-sell…………………………..………………………..........................5Transfers/support from the government……………………………………………………..........................6Transfers/support from non-government organizations………………………………………………............7Transfers/support from individuals who are not household members, including remittances…..................................................................................................................................................8House/property rent……………………………………………………………………………....................9Other (specify) _____________________________..............................................................................................-96Refused………………………………………………………………………………………….......................-97Don't know………………………………………………………………………………………….........-99Food crop farming (crops grown primarily for household consumption)……………………………….1Cash crop farming (crops grown primary for sale in the market)……………………………................................2Livestock raising, fishing, or fishpond culture………………………………………..………..................3Wage and salary employment (including work that is paid in cash or in kind, including both agriculture and other work)………………………….……….....................4Other non-farm economic activities (including things like running a small business, self-employment, buy-and-sell…………………………..………………………..........................5Transfers/support from the government……………………………………………………..........................6Transfers/support from non-government organizations………………………………………………............7Transfers/support from individuals who are not household members, including remittances…..................................................................................................................................................8House/property rent……………………………………………………………………………....................9N/A No income during the past month…………………………………………………………………………....................-95Other (specify) _____________________________................................................................................-96Refused………………………………………………………………………………………….......................-97Don't know………………………………………………………………………………………….........-99

2. Yes, permanently …...............................................................……………………………………………….1Yes temporarily, expect to return to work in the future ….........................................................……………………………..2Yes temporarily, but have already returned to work ….........................................................……………………………..3No…..........................................................................................................4Not applicable, no one in household was employed …........................................................…………………………………….-95Refused …........................................................…………………………………….-97Don't know …......................................................................................................………………………………..-99Business / gov't closed due to coronavirus legal restrictions ….........................................................1Business / gov't closed for another reason …..................................................................2Laid off while business continues …................................................................................3Furlough ….......................................................................................................................................4Ill/quarantined …..............................................................................................................5Need to care for ill relative ….............................................................................................................6Seasonal worker …......................................................................................................................7Not able to go to far due to movement restrictions …................................................................................8Not able to farm due to lack of inputs …..................................................................................................9Lack of customers …..........................................................................................................10Other (specify) _____________ …................................................................................-96Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99

3. All ….............................................................................................................................1Most …...........................................................................................................2Some …....................................................................................................................3None …..................................................................................................................4Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99

Did your household lose all, most, some or none of your income as a result of this public health situation?

Source: Parts of this section adapted from the Abbreviated WEAI, Module G3(A)).Read: Now I'd like to ask you about your household's work and income.

What was your household's main source of income before the Coronavirus situation that started in early Megabit? [Do not read response options aloud.]

Did anyone in your household lose employment or self-employment due to the recent Coronavirus situation? Read answer options aloud (unless otherwise specified).

2a. What was the MAIN reason you or your household member(s) lost employment? Select only one response.

1a. What was your household's main source of income this past month? [Do not read response options aloud.]

>> Q3

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]



Access to Essential Products and Services

4. Yes…………………………………………………...................................................................1 >> Q5No…………………………………………………............................................................2N/A / did not try to buy essential food items in last 7 days …..........................................-95Refused ….......................................................................................................................-97Don't know …......................................................................................................………………………………..-99Some items were not available………………………………………....................................................................1Some items were more expensive than usual….............................................2Markets/shops were closed…................................................................3You did not have enough money/lack resources…..................................4Other, specify_______________………………………………………....................................................................-96Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99

5. Yes, masks…………………………………………………...................................................................1Yes, Hand sanitizer…………………………………………………............................................................2Yes, Soap………………………………………................................3No, none of these things ………………………………………................................4N/A / did not try to buy essential hygiene items in last 7 days …..........................................-95 >> Q6Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97 >> Q6Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99 >> Q6

If Q5 =1, 2, and 3, skip to Q 6Some items were not available………………………………………....................................................................1Some items were more expensive than usual….............................................2Markets/shops were closed…................................................................3

You did not have enough money/lack resources……….......................................................................4N/A / did not try to buy OTHER essential hygiene items in the last 7 days -95Other, specify_______________………………………………………....................................................................-96Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99

6. Yes……………………………………………….1No………………………………………………..2Refused...………………………………………..-97Don't know……………………………………………-99

6a. Does your household currently have health insurance? Yes all household members……………………………………………….1

Yes some household members……………………………………………….2

No……………………………………………….. 3Refused...……………………………………….. -97

Don't know…………………………………………… -99

7. Yes……………………………………………….1No………………………………………………..2Refused...………………………………………..-97 >> Q8Don't know……………………………………………-99

Yes….......................................................................................................................................1

No…............................................................................................................................................2Do not read: Refused...…………………………………………..............................................................................-97

Do not read: Don't know…………………………….......................................................................…………………-998. Yes……………………………………………….1

No………………………………………………..2Refused...………………………………………..-97 >> Q9Don't know……………………………………………-99

Yes….......................................................................................................................................1

No…............................................................................................................................................2Do not read: Refused...…………………………………………..............................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know…………………………….......................................................................…………………-99

Source: Parts of this section were adapted from the CBPS baseline survey via the Yale Covid-19 survey and the EMERGE COVID-19 and Gender Survey Questions (Center on Gender Equity & Health, 2020)

Since the start of the Coronavirus situation began in early Megabit, have you or anyone in your household needed to see a health provider due to illness, injury, maternal or child health needs, or regular health check ups?

7a. Did the situation with the Coronavirus pandemic that started in early Megabit ever result in you or anyone in your household not getting health care when you needed it?

Since the start of the pandemic and social containment, have you or anyone in your household needed to get medication?

Source: Q7 through 8a are drawn from the EMERGE COVID-19 and Gender Survey Questions (Center on Gender Equity & Health, 2020)

Was your household able to buy all essential food items over the past 7 days?

Was your household able to buy any essential hygiene items to help manage the Coronavirus (masks, hand sanitizer, soap) over the past 7 days? (Select all that apply)

4a.Why were you unable to buy these items? [Read all answer options aloud unless otherwise specified. Select all that apply].

5a.Why were you unable to buy these items? [Read all answer options aloud unless otherwise specified. Select all that apply].

>> Q5

Do you worry you will not be able to meet your household daily needs (including food, medicines, and essential products) next week, because of a lack of resources?

8a. Did the situation with the Coronavirus pandemic that started in early Megabit ever result in you or anyone in your household not getting medication when you needed it? [Read all options aloud unless specified, select all that apply]

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]



9.

[_____]b. Reduce number or size of meals for some household members ….............................. [_____]c. Rely on less preferred and less expensive foods…..........................................................[_____]d. Use cash or bank savings….............................................................................. [_____]e. Borrow food or ask for help from a friend or relative….................................................[_____]f. Rely on Government or NGO assistance….........................................................................[_____]

If Q9f=1, continue. Otherwise, skip to Q1110.

Refused……………………………. -97Don't know……………………………………………-99

11. Yes, already lost all remittances ……………………………………………….1Yes, already lost some remittances………………………………………………….2Yes, not yet lost but concerned…..................................................3No, not concerned…....................................................................................4Household never received remittances…....................................................................5Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99

11a. What countries do people who send remittances to you live in? Select all that apply.The cities given are examples of locations in each country. Select the country even if the remittances do not come from the city in parenthesis. Canada (Toronto)…................................................……………………………………..……………………….1 11Djibouti…………………………………………………….. 2 12Eritrea (Asmara)………………………………………...…………….3 Sudan (Khartoum)……………………………………………………………………………………………….13Israel (Jerusalem)…........................................................……………………………………………….…….4 Sweden (Stockholm) …..................................................……………………………………………………….14Italy (Rome)…..................................................................…………………………………………..5 United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai)……………………….……………………………………………15Kenya (Nairobi) ………………………………………………………6 USA (DC, Columbus) …..............................................................................................16Kuwait................................................................ 7 Yemen (Sana'a)........................................... 17Lebanon (Beirut)………………………………………….. 8 Ethiopia........................................ 18Saudi Arabia (Riyadh)……………………………………………………..9 Other (specify) ____________________________...........................................-96Somalia (Mogadishu)……………………………………………………..10 Refused………………………………………………………………………………………………….-97

Don't know……………………………………………………………………………..-99Household Access to Electricity, Internet, and Media12. Yes …...............................................................……………………………………………….1

No…..........................................................................................................2Refused …........................................................…………………………………….-97Don't know …......................................................................................................………………………………..-99

13.[___|___] devices

14. Yes……………………………………………………….…………………………1No……………………………………………………….…………………………2Refused..........………………………………………….. -97Don't know……………………………………………………….…………………………-99

15.

Yes, daily…………………………….........………………………….1 Don't use metered electricity……………………………….. 5Yes, weekly……………………………..........……………………2 Refused..........………………………………………….. -97Yes, monthly or less often……………...................………………..3 Don't know……………………………………………………….………………………-99No………………………………………….................……………..4

16. Increased …........................................................................................................................1Decreased …...........................................................................................................2Remained the same …....................................................................................................................3Never had electricity…..................................................................................................................4Do not read: Refused ………………………………………....................................................................-97Do not read: Don't know …............................................................………………………………..-99

In the past 7 days, have you done any of the following things to cover your household's basic needs? (1=yes, 2=no, -97=refused, -99=DK)

How many devices do you have in the household that can connect to the internet? [-99=DK, -97=Refused]

Specify:______________________

>> Q14

>> Q12

>> Next Section

Thinking about the time before the pandemic began in early Megabit, have the number of hours of electricity available in your house increased, decreased, or remained the same?

Does this household experience blackouts? By blackout, I mean any period of time where the eletricity stops working.

If you received any assistance, specify the name of the provider or assistance program (If unknown, write the name of the agency)

>> Next Sec.

Are you concerned about losing remittances (financial support from a family relation who spends most of their time outside of this household) as a result of the Coronavirus? Read answer options aloud (unless otherwise specified).

Is your household able to connect to the internet using any device, such as a computer, laptop, tablet, or phone?

a. Look for ways to earn additional money (e.g., work more hours, do an occasional job, send household members to beg, sell handicrafts, etc.)…

South Africa (Johannesburg, Cape Town)…...................................................................…………………………………………………………………………………..South Sudan (Juba)…………………………………………………………………………………..

Does this household have metered electricity?

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


CONTACT INFORMATION - Ethiopia

1. Yes………………………………………………………1 >>3No………………………………………………………..2Do not read: Refused…………………………………………………………-97

2.Ethiopia Other2a. Region (use R2 codes): [___|___|___] 2a. Country: ___________________2b. Zone (use R3 codes): [___|___|___] 2b. Province/Region: ___________________2c. Woreda (use R4 codes): [___|___|___] 2c. District/County: ___________________2d. Kebele (use R5 codes): [___|___|___] 2d. Sub-district/sub-county: ___________________2e. Village/Got: __________________________

3. Yes……………………………………………..1No…………………………………………….2Refused...............……………………..-97Don't know……………………………………-99

3a. Please give me that number. Number:_________________________(Circle one) Mobile / Landline

3b. Whose phone is this? Owner's full name (First, Middle, Last): ___________________

5. Yes……………………………………………..1No…………………………………………….2Refused...............……………………..-97Don't know……………………………………-99

5a. Please give me that number. Number:_________________________(Circle one) Mobile / Landline

5b. Whose phone is this? Owner's full name (First, Middle, Last): ___________________

6. Yes……………………………………………..1 >>next sectionNo…………………………………………….2

Refused...............……………………….................................-97 >>next sectionNumber:_________________________

(Circle one) Mobile / Landline 6b. Whose phone is this? Owner's full name (First, Middle, Last): ___________________

If you remember, I mentioned that Laterite will send you a gift of airtime for participating in this survey. Is this the phone number to which we should send that gift?

6c.What is this person's relationship to you? "This person is your...?" Use G1 codes. [____|____] _____________________________

3c.What is this person's relationship to [CR Name]? "This person is [CR Name]'s...?" Use G1 codes.

[____|____] _____________________________

If we cannot reach you with this number, is there any other phone number that we could call to reach you in the future? This number may be for household member or may be the number of a non household member.

>> Concl.

5c.What is this person's relationship to you? "This person is your...?" Use G1 codes.

[____|____] _____________________________

If we want to call you in the future, will you share the best phone number to reach you at? This number may be for household member or may be the number of a non household member. >>6

6a. Please give me the number to which Laterite should send the gift of airtime.

Read: We are almost at the end of our interview. Now I would like to make certain that we have full contact information for this household.If there was a survey for Covid R1, continue. Otherwise, skip to Q2

This is the contact information we currently have for your household. Is this still correct? [Read prior round response aloud to the respondent]

Where are you currently living?

Adult Female ID: [____|____|____][____|____][____|____]


1. Did the AF Respondent complete the interview? Complete Interview………………………………………….1 >>Q2Interview Incomplete: AF terminated the survey early……………………………….2No Interview: AF not available during

survey period (Explain)……………………………………………………5 >>Q11No Interview: AF Refused (Explain)………………………….6 >>Q11Temporary stop only. Wishes to continue survey

at a later time………………………………………………………...............1Tired…………………………………………………………………………………………………2Too busy / doesn’t have time…………………………………………………………………………………………………3Offended at question…………………………………………………………………………………………………4Suspicious of enumerator or survey intent…………………………………………………………………………………………………5Does not feel like continuing survey……………………………………………………………………………………………………..6Phone call dropped or bad reception….................................7AF not comfortable providing answers by phone….................8Other (specify) __________________________________________…………………………………………………………………………………………………-96Don't know………………………………………………………...-99

Thank the respondent for their time, and end the interview.

2. Record time survey ended. (24-hour clock; hh:mm) [____|____] : [____|____]3. Interviewer ID: [___|___|___|___]4.5.

6. Displayed no problems speaking or understanding language………………………………………………………….1Displayed a little difficulty speaking or understanding the language…………………….…………………………….2Displayed moderate difficulty speaking or understanding the language…………………………………….3Displayed serious problems speaking or the language…………………….…………………………….4

7. Yes…............................................................................1No………………………………………………………………………………………………….0 >> Q8

7a. Specify which questions

8. Yes…............................................................................1No………………………………………………………………………………………………….0 >> Q9

8a. Specify who contributed to or interrupted the interview.

9. Very confident…………………………………………………………………………………..1 >>Q10Somewhat confident………………………………………………………………………….2Not confident…………………………………………………………………………………….3

9a. Why are you not confident ?10. Yes…............................................................................1

No………………………………………………………………………………………………….0 >> Q11

10a. How many times did the call drop off?

11. Please note any problems with the survey or any other notes feedback or changes you recommend (note the issue and the question number if possible)

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

________________________________________

CONCLUSION

Interviewer name (First Middle Last): : ___________________________________In what language was the interview conducted? Use G2 codes. [____|____|____] ____________________________

1a. Why did the respondent terminate the survey early?

_________________________________________________________Did the call drop off at any point during the interview?

[___|___|

How was the respondent's skill at speaking and understanding this language?

Did the respondent seem uncomfortable answering any questions?

_________________________________________________________

Did any other household members members contribute or interrupt the interview?

_________________________________________________________

Are you very confident, somewhat confident or not very confident in the overall quality and truthfulness of this respondent’s responses?

AF COVID-19 Survey References Baird, S., Hicks, J., Jones, N., Kilburn, K., Małachowska, A. Muz, J., and the GAGE consortium (2019) Jordan baseline survey 2017/2018. Adult female module. London: Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence. Surveys accessible at: https://www.gage.odi.org/publication/jordan-baseline-survey-2017-18/

Burgess et al. (2020). Hidden Impact of COVID-19 on Children survey by Save the Children International. Surveys accessible at: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/library/hidden-impact-covid-19-children-global-research-series

Center on Gender Equity and Health (GEH). (2020). EMERGE COVID-19 and Gender Survey Questions. Surveys accessible at: http://emerge.ucsd.edu/covid-19/

Coates, J., Swindale, A., and Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v. 3). Washington, D.C.: FHI 360/FANTA. Surveys accessible at: https://www.fantaproject.org/monitoring-and-evaluation/household-food-insecurity-access-scale-hfias

FAO and FHI 360. (2016). Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: A Guide for Measurement. Rome: FAO.

Global Multidimensional Poverty Index. Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative.

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). (2015). HarvestPlus Evaluation Endline Survey Household Questionnaire. Uganda DDBC Project.

Jordan Demographic and Health Survey, DHS Program, USAID.

Living Standards Measurement Study. The World Bank.

Mindset. (2020). COVID-19 Survey.

Washington Group on Disability Statistics. WG Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS). Survey accessible at: https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/

Yale Research Initiative on Innovation and Scale (Y-RISE) and Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). (2020). COVID-19 Survey for the Cox’s Bazaar Panel Survey Project. Survey accessible at: https://yrise.yale.edu/covid-19-survey-for-the-coxs-bazaar-panel-survey-project/

About GAGEGender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) is a nine-year longitudinal research programme generating evidence on what works to transform the lives of adolescent girls in the Global South. Visit www.gage.odi.org.uk for more information.

GAGE Programme OfficeOverseas Development Institute203 Blackfriars RoadLondon SE1 8NJUnited KingdomEmail: [email protected]: www.gage.odi.org

DisclaimerThis document is an output of the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) programme which is funded by UK aid from the UK government. However, views expressed and information contained within do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies and are not endorsed by the UK government, which accepts no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance placed on them.

CopyrightReaders are encouraged to quote and reproduce material from this report for their own non-commercial publications (any commercial use must be cleared with the GAGE Programme Office first by contacting [email protected]). As copyright holder, GAGE requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. When referencing a GAGE publication, please list the publisher as Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the GAGE website, www.gage.odi.org

© GAGE 2021 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).

Front cover: © Nathalie Bertrams/GAGE 2021ISBN: 978-1-913610-46-3

Documents

Covid-19 phone survey (round 2) in Ethiopia - GAGE · 2021. 5. 10. · Sarah Baird, Joan Hamory, Nicola Jones, Rebecca Dutton and Workneh Yadete May 2021. Acknowledgements The authors