CPCCBC5001B Learners Guide

8/13/2019 CPCCBC5001B Learners Guide

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Diploma in Building and Construction

(Management) CPC50308

CPCCBC5001B

Apply building codes and standards to the construction

process for medium rise building projects

Self-Paced Study Kit


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CPCCBC5001B LEARNERS GUIDE

Document name: CPCCBC5001B Learners Guide

Version: 1.0 Next review date: 31-07-2014

Document location: NovaCore CMS\DMS\NN- Assessing\1.05 AQF Level 5\CPC50308 Diploma of Building and construction ( Management) ( v 8.0 ) \

Registered Training Organisation 51681 | CRICOS Provider Code 02898C Page 2 of 40

ContentsINTRODUCTION TO THE UNIT ................................................................................................................. 4

BUILDING CODES ..................................................................................................................................... 5

COUNCIL REGULATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 5

SOME USEFUL WEBSITES ........................................................................................................................ 5

BASIX ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

NABERS ................................................................................................................................................... 6

BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA .............................................................................................................. 6

Role of the Building Code of Australia ................................................................................................ 6

Key strategies ...................................................................................................................................... 6Breaches and sanctions....................................................................................................................... 8

ACCESS AND INTERPRET RELEVANT CODE AND STANDARD REQUIREMENTS ....................................... 8

Identify relevant Performance Requirements. ................................................................................... 8

Using the system ................................................................................................................................. 8

Alternative solutions ........................................................................................................................... 8

Administration of the system within each state ................................................................................. 9

Assessing compliance with the BCA .................................................................................................... 9

Assessment Methods (A0.9) ............................................................................................................... 9

Relevant Performance Requirements (A0.10) .................................................................................. 10

Analysing the building codes ............................................................................................................ 10

Australian standards ......................................................................................................................... 10

CLASSIFY BUILDINGS. ............................................................................................................................ 11

Summary of building classifications .................................................................................................. 11

BCA requirements for multiple classifications are identified and interpreted. ................................ 12

ANALYSE AND APPLY A RANGE OF SOLUTIONS TO A CONSTRUCTION PROBLEM FOR COMPLIANCE

WITH THE BCA. ...................................................................................................................................... 12

Verification Method .......................................................................................................................... 13

Expert Judgement. ............................................................................................................................ 13

Deemed-to-Satisfy. ........................................................................................................................... 13

Alternative solutions to a design or construction problem that will comply with BCA requirements

are discussed and proposed in accordance with company policies and procedures. ...................... 14

Performance-based solutions are identified and documented in accordance with BCA

requirements. ................................................................................................................................... 15

APPLY FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................... 20

Passive and Active Fires .................................................................................................................... 20


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Fire Resistance .................................................................................................................................. 21

Codes applicable ........................................................................................................................... 21

Building requirements ...................................................................................................................... 24

Complying with BCA Codes for fire with existing buildings .............................................................. 24

Alternative Solutions ......................................................................................................................... 25

General Deemed-to-satisfy Requirements ....................................................................................... 25

Deemed-to-satisfy Requirements Fire Resistance Levels ................................................................. 26

Deemed-to-satisfy Requirements Early Fire Hazard Properties ....................................................... 28

Deemed to Satisfy Requirement for Sarking..................................................................................... 28

Deemed to Satisfy Requirement for Sealing Penetrations ............................................................... 28

Deemed to Satisfy Requirement for Construction Joints ................................................................. 29

ATTACHMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 32

Common abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 34

Performance criteria ............................................................................................................................. 37

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 39


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INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIT

This unit of competency specifies the outcomes required to access, interpret and apply

relevant building codes and standards applicable to the construction processes of mediumrise buildings.

To successfully comply with relevant standards and codes in large constructions requires a

thorough knowledge of the purpose of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) coupled with the

ability to interpret specific standards in relation to the design and specifications of building

projects.

To successfully interpret and apply relevant building codes and standards requires that you

are able to:

Access and interpret relevant code and standard requirements. Classify buildings Analyse and apply a range of solutions to a construction problem for compliance with

the BCA.

Apply fire protection requirements. Implement strategy to manage compliance with BCA for medium rise buildings.This unit of competency overlaps somewhat with CPCBC5001A Apply building codes and

standards to the construction process for medium rise building projects.

The competency elements and performance criteria for this unit of competency are listed inAnnex A of this document.

A person who demonstrates competency in this unit must be able to provide evidence of

the ability to:

coordinate professional input to evaluate structural integrity of large and complexbuildings

clearly analyse structural impact of design decisions comply with OHS and organisational quality procedures and processes apply and interpret relevant documentation and codes apply design principles relating to performance identify typical faults and problems and the action required to rectify such faults.Resource implications for assessment include:

documentation, including design brief drawings, specifications, codes, design concepts, construction schedules and other necessary supporting documents research resources, including timber product information and samples access to relevant legislation, regulations and codes of practice, including the BCA relevant computer software package and suitable hardware.


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BUILDING CODES

The National Code of Practice for the Construction Industry (National Code) and Australian

Government Implementation Guidelines for the National Code (Guidelines) apply to: construction activity - building, demolition, landscaping, maintenance, civil engineering,

process engineering, mine structures and heavy engineering

building refurbishments - fit outs, installation of security systems, fire protectionsystems, air conditioning systems, computer and communication cabling

material suppliers - suppliers who manufacture and/or supply construction componentsintegral to a project.

COUNCIL REGULATIONSWithin all constructions, each council will have certain regulations which apply to that

particular area for building. The BCA codes will apply for the area according to such factors as

loads or other factors (eg saline/snow/wind).

Each construction manager must review the council regulations before beginning

construction and work with the council and local engineers for that area.

SOME USEFUL WEBSITES

Property Council of Australia www.propertyoz.com.au Australian Institute of Project Management www.aipm.com.au Australian Institute of Arbitrators and Mediators. http://www.iama.org.au/ Chartered Institute of Buildingwww.ciob.org.au/ Australian Institute of Building www.aib.org.au/ Australian Institute of Architects www.architecture.com.au/ NABERS www.nabers.com.au/ Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water

http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/

BASIX

BASIX, the Building Sustainability Index, was introduced to ensure certain residential buildings

are designed to use less potable water and be responsible for fewer greenhouse gas emissions

by setting energy and water reduction targets for houses and units. If a BASIX certificate is

required, the designer/architect enters data relating to the house or unit design such as

location, size, building materials, etc. into the BASIX web based tool. BASIX. analyses this data

and determines how it scores against the Energy and Water targets. The design must passspecific targets before a BASIX certificate can be printed. This certificate lists all the

commitments that have been agreed to. A certifying authority (PCA) checks these
http://www.ciob.org.au/http://www.ciob.org.au/http://www.ciob.org.au/http://www.ciob.org.au/


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commitments at various stages of construction. The BASIX certificate must be attached to the

development application before it can be processed

NABERSNABERS is a performance-based rating system for existing buildings. NABERS rates a building

on the basis of its measured operational impacts on the environment, and provides a simple

indication of how well you are managing these environmental impacts compared with your

peers and neighbours. It is a national initiative by the Department of Environment, Climate

Change and Water.CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building projets

BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIARole of the Building Code of Australia

The Building Code of Australia (BCA) states on its website that it is a uniform set oftechnical

provisions for the design and construction of buildings throughout Australia.

The goal of the BCA is to achieve the minimum necessary standards that are nationally

consistent to ensure health, safety (including structural safety and safety from fire), amenity

and sustainability objectives are met.

The use of the code is a minimum standard for construction which:

Makes certain that the general population is aware of the required technical aspectsof building safety and operation, ie; it operates as a central source of information on

required items to be included in construction, ensuring that occupants are able to

use the buildings for their intended purposes.

Provides a minimum standard against which consumers may be assured of buildingquality and performance, thereby supporting the provision of a minimum standard

to lower costs in building and construction between owners and builders, and first

and subsequent owners.

In 2009, the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) released draft amendments to the

Building Code of Australia (BCA). As a result, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG)requested that the ACBC also increase energy efficiency provisions in the 2010 edition of the

BCA. This is in direct response to reducegreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the National

Strategy on Energy Efficiency set by Council of Australian Governments (COAG) in 2009.

More information on this energy efficiency can be obtained from the Property Council of

Australia (PCA).

Key strategies

Key strategies relating to the building industry included:

The development of a nationally consistent assessment and rating framework toimprove the energy efficiency standards, including measures such as measurement-


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based tools (NABERS1) for existing buildings with predictive tools used for rating new

buildings2.

Increased strictness of energy efficiency provisions for all commercial buildings. Building owners and developers mandatory disclosure of commercialbuildings

energy efficiency.

Voluntary standards for maintenance of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning beintroduced where mandatory standards are not in place.

Achieving energy efficiency in the residential building sector by upgrading theminimum energy standard to 6 stars or equivalent by 2011

Phasing in mandatory disclosure of residential building energy, greenhouse andwater performance at the time of sale or lease.

Proposed energy efficiency amendments and new provisions include:

Residential buildings energy efficiency subject to Nationwide House and EnergyRating (NatHERS)4 star ratings rather than detailed, prescriptivedeemed-to-

satisfy provisions.

Building services (such as a heating system) for a confined space must obtain energyfrom a renewable source or has a low GHG intensity;

The definition of conditioned space is broadened to capture indirect air-conditioning, where conditioned air is sourced from another space (such as a

stairwell);

Air-conditioning and ventilation requirements for buildings are made more stringent Extending hot water supply provisions to swimming pools and spas (the 2009 BCA

covers only hot water pipes) to require that the GHG intensity of the energy source

for heating of pools and spas be reduced. It includes a proposal that electricity or gas

not power outdoor pools;

Inserting requirements for lighting in residences. (There are currently no restrictionson lighting in residential buildings);

Decreasing lighting allowances for buildings which were already subject toallowances (such as health-care buildings, cafs, shops, restaurants, schools and

laboratories);

Inserting a new thermal calculation method which is in line with developments inhouse energy rating software;

Inserting a definition for renewable energy certificate (REC) to describe anestablished way to quantify solar water heater and heat-pump water heaters

performance. The draft BCA also says RECs issued by the Commonwealth

Government are suitable evidence of compliance5

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1 NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water http://www.nabers.com.au/enquiry.aspx?site=1

2 See further information at the Green Building Association of Australia (GBCA) http://www.gbca.org.au/3 Reference www.abcb.gov.au

4 Reference www.nathers.gov.au

5 Reference Building Codes of Australia www.abcb.gov.au


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Breaches and sanctions

A sanction may be imposed when a business is found to have breached the National

Code. These range from:

a formal warning; to preclusion from tendering for Australian Government construction projects for a

fixed period.C5001Aly building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building project

ACCESS AND INTERPRET RELEVANT CODE AND STANDARD

REQUIREMENTS

Identify relevant Performance Requirements.

The BCA is published in two volumes:

Volume One pertains primarily to Class 2 to 9 buildings

Volume Two pertains primarily to Class 1 and 10 buildings (houses, sheds, carports, etc)

Medium-rise falls within the BCA classes:

Class 1 and 10 Class 2 and 3 to a maximum of three storeys Classes 4 to 9 to a maximum of three storeys, not including Type A construction.Therefore information pertaining to the performance requirements for medium rise

buildings from the BCA must be reviewed in both volumes.

Using the system

Construction managers must choose the means by which the building proposal will achieve

compliance with the BCA, by either:

a) a Deemed-to-Satisfy solution; orb) an Alternative Solution; (the building proponent must ensure that an

Assessment Method is chosen which satisfactorily indicates that theAlternative Solution will meet the Performance Requirements in the BCA.)or

c) a mixture of Deemed-to-Satisfy and Alternative Solutions.Alternative solutions

At times building projects may need alternative solutions to a construction problem. Whilst

they need to comply with BCA requirements, they will also need to be in keeping within the

policies and procedures and standard specifications of the organisation you are working

within. These variations to the BCA requirements need to be then recorded officially and

approved by an assessment group. Designers and consultants may be used to assist with

satisfying this deemed to satisfyperformance criteria through variations to the code.


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This particularly applies to the fire rating codes or products where a different product may be

used however it still satisfies the performance rating and has a functional need. Knowing

when the guidelines apply is a critical component of compliance. The BCA states that sitemanagement may ask subcontractors to provide a Declaration of Compliance statement for

their records. This will confirm that the subcontractor is aware of its commitment to comply

with the National Code and Guidelines6.

Administration of the system within each state

Building regulatory legislation is required in each State and Territory in order for the BCA to

be in compliance. It expects the BCA to fulfil any technical requirements which have to be

satisfied in order to gain approval of a building proposal. Each State's and Territory's building

regulatory legislation consists of an Act of Parliament and subordinate legislation which

empowers the regulation of certain aspects of the building process, and contains theadministrative provisions necessary to give effect to the legislation. Administrative-type

matters typically covered in the enabling or subordinate legislation include:

Plan submission and approval procedures. Issue of building permits. Inspections during and after construction. Provision of evidentiary certificates. Issue of certificates of occupancy or compliance. Accreditation or approval of materials or components. Review and enforcement of standards. Fees and charges.7

Assessing compliance with the BCA

BCA Clause A0.9 describes the various methods that can be used to assess whether a

Building Solution complies with the Performance Requirements. The method to be used will

depend on the issue being considered.

For example; performance requirement FP 2.4.4. suggests:

A habitable room must be provided with windows so that natural light, whenavailable, provides a level of luminance appropriate to the function or use of that

part of the building. The performance requirement does not set a minimum distance from windows to an

allotment boundary in this case as this is found elsewhere in the BCA.

Assessment Methods (A0.9)

The followingAssessment Methods, or any combination of them, can be used to determine

that a Building Solution complies with the Performance Requirements:

a) Evidence to support that the use of a material, form of construction or design meetsa Performance Requirement or a Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision as described in A2.2.

b) Verification Methods such asa. the Verification Methods in the BCA; or


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b. such other Verification Methods as the appropriate authority accepts fordetermining compliance with the Performance Requirements.

c) Comparison with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions.d) Expert Judgment.Relevant Performance Requirements (A0.10)

In order to comply with the provisions of A1.5 (to comply with Sections A to J inclusive) the

following method must be used to determine the Performance Requirement or Performance

Requirements relevant to theAlternative Solution:

a) Identify the relevant Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision of each Section or Part that is to bethe subject of theAlternative Solution.

b) Identify the Performance Requirements from the same Sections or Parts that aredirectly relevant to the identified Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions.

c) Identify Performance Requirements from other Sections and Parts that are relevantto any aspects of theAlternative Solution proposed or that are affected by the

application of the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions, that are the subject of the

Alternative Solution.

CPCCBC500A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building projects

Analysing the building codes

Each of the codes needs to be reviewed and analysed in accordance with the needs of the

individual building. The Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) has prepared a ConsultationRegulation Impact Statement (RIS) for the purpose of informing stakeholders and other

interested parties regarding the proposal to include requirements for builders and project

managers. These need to be studied and can be downloaded from their website.8 You will

need to become familiar with each of these codes as they will vary according to the project

you are working on at any one time.

Australian standards

The Australian Standards are published documents which set out specifications and

procedures to make sure of the quality and consistency of products in Australian society. They

are issued by Standards Australia. AS/NZS 1170 AS 4100:1998- Steel Structures

OHS regulations AS1170:2002- Structural DesignAs the BCA is referenced for building requirements and adherence to the codes, so must the

Australian Standards which are also associated with the codes as outlined above.CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building project

_________________________________________________________

6 Reference Building Codes of Australia www.abcb.gov.au7 As above reference site


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CLASSIFY BUILDINGS.

Nature of a building according to use and arrangement is determined and BCA criteria to

determine the defined classification are applied.9A Building is defined in many aspects as:

The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing. The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil architecture. That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house, a church, castle,

arena/ stadium, etc

The act of constructing or building something; "during the construction we had totake a detour"; "his hobby was the building of boats"

To differentiate buildings in the usage of this article from other buildings and other structures

that are not intended for continuous human occupancy, the latter are called non-buildingstructures or simply structures.

Structural height in technical usage is the height to the highest architectural detail on building

from street-level. Depending on how they are classified, spires and masts may or may not be

included in this height. Spires and masts used as antennas are not generally included.

________________________________________________8 Reference http://www.abcb.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=8A81ACD0-2945-11DE-9515001B2FB900AA

9 (Source: Wikepedia)

Summary of building classifications

The Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) has summarised the BCAC codes as outlined

below:

Class 1

A single dwelling being a detached house, or one or more attached dwellings, eachbeing a building, separated by a fire-resisting wall, including a row house, terrace

house, town house or villa unit.

A boarding house, guest house, hostel or the like with a total area of all floors notexceeding 300m2, and where not more than 12 reside, and is not located above or

below another dwelling or another Class of building other than a private garage.

Class 2

A building containing 2 or more sole-occupancy units each being a separate dwelling.Class 3

A residential building, other than a Class 1 or 2 building, which is a common place oflong term or transient living for a number of unrelated persons. Example: boarding-

house, hostel, backpackers accommodation or residential part of a hotel, motel,

school or detention centre.

Class 4

A dwelling in a building that is Class 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 if it is the only dwelling in thebuilding.

Class 5

An office building used for professional or commercial purposes, excluding buildingsof Class 6, 7, 8 or 9.

Class 6


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A shop or other building for the sale of goods by retail or the supply of services directto the public. Example: caf, restaurant, kiosk, hairdressers, showroom or service

station.Class 7

A building which is a car park. A building which is for storage or display of goods or produce for sale by wholesale.Class 8

A laboratory, or a building in which a handicraft or process for the production,assembling, altering, repairing, packing, finishing, or cleaning of goods or produce is

carried on for trade, sale or gain. A building of a public nature.

Class 9

A health care building, including those parts of the building set aside as a

laboratory. An assembly building, including a trade workshop, laboratory or the like, in a primary

or secondary school, but excluding any other parts of the building that are of

another class. An aged care building.

Class 10

A non-habitable building or structure; ie; a private garage, carport, shed or the like. Astructure being a fence, mast, antenna, retaining or free standing wall, swimming

pool or the like.

Note

The classification of buildings and the type of construction can vary. Concessions can be

provided that change the type of construction. The concessions can relate to the design of

the building, its size, and the number of escapes.

Medium-rise falls within the BCA classes:

Class 1 and 10 Class 2 and 3 to a maximum of three storeys Classes 4 to 9 to a maximum of three storeys, not including Type A construction.

BCA requirements for multiple classifications are identified and interpreted.

In a building of multiple classifications, the classification of the top storey is to determine the

type of construction required throughout the entire building. Also the maximum floor areas

and volumes allowed within the building is stipulated in BCA Table C2.2 and is dependent onthe required type of construction and classification of the building.

Identification of requirements for the building must be reviewed within the BCA codes for all

areas and interpreted. These requirements must be include in all project documentation and

signed off as being compliant with the BCA Codes.CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

projects

ANALYSE AND APPLY A RANGE OF SOLUTIONS TO A CONSTRUCTION

PROBLEM FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE BCA.Range of criteria that will ensure construction methods comply with the performance

requirements of the BCA is determined.


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The ABCB suggest that there are several ways of ensuring that the buildingsolution

complies with BCA requirements including:

BCA Code A2.2.

A report from a Registered Testing Authority. A current Certificate of Accreditation or Certificate of Conformity. A certificate from a professional engineer. A current certificate issued by a product certification body that has been accredited

by the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ).

Any other form of documentary evidence that adequately demonstrates suitabilityfor use.(Source: ABCBA)

This provision allows the following evidence (in some cases subject to conditions) to besubmitted in support of a proposal that a material, form of construction or design meets a

Performance Requirement or a Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision:

Verification Method

Calculations - using analytical methods or mathematical models; and/or Tests - using a technical operation either on-site or in a laboratory to directly measure

one or more performance criteria of a given solution.

In keeping with the flexibility provided in the performance-based BCA, designers are notrestricted to using a listed Verification Method. Any other method may be used if the approval

authority is satisfied that it establishes compliance with the BCA. However, in making a

decision, an approval authority may have regard to the relevant Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions

or Verification Methods provided for in the BCA.10

Expert Judgement.

Where physical criteria are unable to be tested or modelled by calculation, the opinion of a

technical expert may be accepted.

Deemed-to-Satisfy. Performance based regulations do not dictate how to achieve required results Any acceptable proposal can be approved BCA provides standard solutions that may be usedthese are optional These standard solutions are called Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions Deemed to Satisfy is a comparison made between the Deemed-to-Satisfy solution

and the proposed building solution.

If it can be demonstrated to the approval authority that the Building Solutioncomplies in an equivalent or superior way to a Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision, then it

will be deemed to meet the relevant Performance Requirement.


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Requirements relevant to theAlternative Solution:a) Identify the relevant Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision of each Section or Part that is to be

the subject of theAlternative Solution.



application of the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisionsthat are the subject of the

Alternative Solution.

Once the architect has approval for all plans and drawings and the Quantity Surveyor hascompleted the Bills of Quantities and the tender process has been completed for suitable

contractors, then the Onsite operations will begin. The site is officially handed over to the

contractor who will begin construction related operations and begin to comply with all

legislative requirements and legal constraints in relation to the project.

The contractor should be informed of any rights of way, reservation orders, protection

requirements and environmental issues or codes which must be complied with before

construction can begin onsite.

Interim certificates are issued then at regular intervals during the contract period based on

the quantity surveyors assessments of the work completed. These willthen form the basis of

payment to contractors.

The contracted manager has the duty of ensuring that supervision of all activities involved

onsite. The site administrator will check that all documents are complying with the codes and

legislation and samples may be taken of various materials for the architect. (For example a

slumps test).

The contractor may be required to hand over part of the building and adequate notice will

need to be given. The building documentation will need to be updated with any changes and

a partial Certificate of completion given.

Alternative solutions to a design or construction problem that will comply with BCA

requirements are discussed and proposed in accordance with company policies and

procedures.


following method must be used to determine the Performance Requirements relevant to the

Alternative Solution:

a) Identify the relevant Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision of each Section or Part that is to bethe subject of theAlternative Solution.



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application of the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions that are the subject of theAlternative Solution.

Performance-based solutions are identified and documented in accordance with BCA

requirements.

Any changes to BCA requirements or alternative solutions must be documented according to

the agreed criteria under a Declaration of Compliance. The criteria must be matched to the

solution and the alternative comparison in accordance with the guidelines set out by BCA.

11These documents contain model tender clauses and contract provisions for drafting

contracts relating to projects either directly or indirectly funded by the Australian

Government and may be adopted on privately funded projects by head contractors. The CodeMonitoring Group (CMG) is an interagency body responsible for considering issues arising

under the Code and Guidelines.

There are two ways that Performance Requirements express what they want; that is

by using either:

QUALITATIVE terms or QUANTITATIVE terms

The majority of Performance Requirements are expressed in qualitative terms. This meansthat requirements are described using words. An example would be Performance

Requirement FP1.2.

Most Performance Requirements cover a range of buildings, a range of building characteristics

and a range of occupant characteristics and need to be sufficiently broad to allow a range of

Alternative Solutions to be assessed against their content. Therefore, it is generally

impracticable to instil quantified criteria that are sufficiently broad to cover all reasonable

design options. In such instances, it is best to not include any data and allow individual

certifiers to adjudicate on Alternative Solutions that address the specific characteristics of aspecific building.

Additionally, incorporating quantified values within Performance Requirements means all

Alternative Solutions must at least comply with those values, which, as outlined above, may

not be suitable for all projects. While various methods may be used to achieve compliance,

the specified value remains a mandatory criterion.

________________________________________________11 Model tender documentation, contract clauses and a Declaration of Compliance template are available on the Department of

Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) website: www.deewr.gov.au/building.


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Therefore, in order to provide some level of quantification of required outcomes a number of

Verification Methods, have been developed for use as a means of assessing Building Solutions;

however these are not mandatory and Alternative Solutions can still be directly evaluatedagainst Performance Requirements when necessary.(Source www.deewr.gov.au/building)

CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

projects

Key Messages

1. Compliance with BCA Performance Requirements is mandatory.2. Performance-based regulations simply tell us the results we must achieve.3. Benefits of performance-based codes are;4. improve cost-effectiveness5. improve constructability6. incorporate innovation7. Performance Requirements are written in either qualitative or quantitative terms8. Use of term to the degree necessary means it may not be necessary to do9. anything specific in order to comply10.Use of term appropriate to means that you must at least address the points11.listed when proposing anAlternative Solution


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Assessment methods referenced in the BCA to determine whether a building solution

complies withperformance requirements or DTS provision of the BCA are analysed and

applied.

The BCA states that:

A Building Solution will comply with the BCA if it satisfies the PerformanceRequirements.

A0.5

Meeting the Performance Requirements

Compliance with the Performance Requirements can only be achieved bya) complying with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions; or

b) formulating anAlternative Solution which

complies with the Performance Requirements; or is shown to be at least equivalent to the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions; or

c) a combination of (a) and (b).

A0.8

Alternative Solutions

a) AnAlternative Solution must be assessed according to one or more of theAssessment Methods.

b) AnAlternative Solution will only comply with the BCA if theAssessment Methodsused to determine compliance with the Performance Requirements have been

satisfied.

c) The Performance Requirements relevant to anAlternative Solution must bedetermined in accordance with A0.10.

BCA Code A0.9 suggests the following Assessment MethodsCPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

projects

The following Assessment Methods, or any combination of them, can be used to determine

that a Building Solution complies with the Performance Requirements:

a) Evidence to support that the use of a material, form of construction or design meetsa Performance Requirement or a Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision as described in A2.2.

b) Verification Methods such asI. the Verification Methods in the BCA; orII. such other Verification Methods as the appropriate authority accepts fordetermining compliance with the Performance Requirements.

c) Comparison with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions.


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d) Expert Judgement.


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Performance requirements include:

those contained within other legislation applicable to a specific project performance requirements of the BCA determined to be relevant to a specific

project

performance-based contractual requirements that must be fulfilled by any party.BCA Code A0.7 suggests the following Deemed to Satisfy (DtS) Provisions

A Building Solution which complies with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions is deemedto comply with the Performance Requirements

Building Solution means a solution which complies with the Performance

Requirements and is

(a) an Alternative Solution; or

(b) a solution which complies with the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions; or

(c) a combination of (a) and (b).

A0.10

Relevant Performance Requirements



Requirements relevant to the Alternative Solution:

(a) Identify the relevant Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision of each Section or Part that is to be the

subject of theAlternative Solution.

(b) Identify the Performance Requirements from the same Sections or Parts that are relevant

to the identified Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions.

(c) Identify Performance Requirements from other Sections and Parts that are relevant to

any aspects of theAlternative Solution proposed or that are affected

Where a Deemed-to-Satisfy Provision references a document, rule, specification or provision,

that adoption does not include a provision

(a) specifying or defining the respective rights, responsibilities or obligations as between

themselves of any manufacturer, supplier or purchaser; or

(b) specifying the responsibilities of any trades person or other building operative, architect,

engineer, authority, or other person or body; or

(c) requiring the submission for approval of any material, building component, form or

method of construction, to any person, authority or body other than a person or body

empowered under State or Territory legislation to give that approval; or

(d) specifying that a material, building component, form or method of construction must be

submitted to any person, authority or body for expression of opinion; or


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(e) permitting a departure from the code, rule, specification or provision at the sole discretion

of the manufacturer or purchaser, or by arrangement or agreement between the

manufacturer and purchaserCPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

projects

A1.4

Differences between referenced documents and the BCA

The BCA overrules in any difference arising between it and any Standard, rule, specification

or provision in a document listed in Specification A1.3.

to the construction process for medium rise building projects

APPLY FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS.Passive and active fire control elements required by the BCA and other legislation are

identified and BCA requirements with respect to passive and active fire protection to

medium rise buildings are identified and applied.

Passive and Active Fires

The risk of fire approach is used in the Fire Growth, Fire Brigade Intervention and Human

Response models12.

The fire growth is based on the fuel load, rate of flame spread and ventilation conditions in

the burn room. Important parameters produced are the predicted species, concentrations,

exhaust flow rates and temperatures, and smoke layer height.

Fire protection systems are then applied in respect to BCA requirements and utilised in

respect to all classes and types of buildings as:

active fire protection systems - presence of smoke detectors, sprinklers, smokemanagement

passive fire protection systems includes:a. the BlueScope steel roof which complies with fire safety standards.b. wall insulation

c. fire proof doors

d. ventilation and smoke extraction ducts

e. fire rated ceilings, ducts, cables

f. concrete, masonry and metal decking

g. access hatches

h. penetration seals

i. vermiduct.


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12 BRADFORD INSULTATION FIRE REQUIREMENTSBCA. WEBSITE ACCESSED 16.9.10

HTTP://WWW.BRADFORDINSULATION.COM.AU/REGULATIONS/BCAFIRE.ASPX

Level of fire resistance required for the construction of various medium rise buildings is determined.

ActivityAssessment Methods

1. Carry out an inspection of one of the buildings within your work environment. Identifythe building and the building classification.

2. Check the building for compliance with passive and active fire protection and assess itagainst a checklist (either one your work utilises or one you have created which

complies with the BCA requirements).

Level of fire resistance required for the construction of various medium rise buildings is

determined and check of existing buildings for compliance with passive and active fire

protection requirements is carried out in accordance with BCA requirements.

Fire Resistance

The Fire Code Reform Research Program in 1994 was the catalyst to then support the

Australian Building Codes Board to ensure that all buildings have forms of fire resistant

materials utilised within their construction in order that loss of life is diminished.

Codes applicable

CO113 - The Objective of this Section is to

a) safeguard people from illness or injury due to a fire in a building; andb) safeguard occupants from illness or injury while evacuating a building during a

fire; and

c) facilitate the activities of emergency services personnel; andd) avoid the spread of fire between buildings; ande) protect other property from physical damage caused by structural failure of a

building as a result of fire.

The BCA provides construction requirements for each of the risk categories under

lists of each element of construction for homes:

floor systems external walls windows external doors vents and weepholes roof coverings, eaves and fascias roof lights roof ventilators


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roof mount evaporative coolers gutters and downpipes service pipes verandahs and decks.

Fire resistance is now required for the construction of all classes of buildings. It is unfortunate

that a number of fire tragedies have led to this code being required, including the Victorian

Fires in recent years.

ABCB suggest that in extreme weather conditions, a fire front can approach, in two to three

minutes. Temperatures can escalate rapidly to 1200C. The effect of these extreme

temperatures on a roof and, equally important, the underlying support structure have been

unknown until fairly recently. Tests now clearly indicate that even after the fire front has

passed, combustibles like timber framing contain residual heat which can continue to grow.In turn, even after considerable time, ignition can then occur within roof spaces and wall

cavities, with unsuspected and frequently tragic results.14Each class of building now has a

requirement for fire resistance. Bradford Insulation 15suggest improvements to fire safety as

well as AlternativeSolutions for the Deemed to Satisfy requirements.

AS 3959 provides a method of assessing the bushfire risk of a site by categorising the terrain

including the slope and type of vegetation present. The categories of bushfire attack are:

low medium high extreme.

ActivityFire Safety Guidelines

Find and read the Fire Safety BCA codes and guidelines for medium sizebuildings.

Outline the codes applicable for the level of fire resistance needed for aproject you are currently working on or have access to.


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__________ ___________ ___________ _____________ ___________ ___________ _____________ ___________ ___________ _____

14 Reference ABCB

15 http://www.bradfordinsulation.com.au/Regulations/BCAFire.aspx


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Class 5 buildings are typically buildings used for commercial or professional services such as

offices. For a more complete definition refer to Clause A3.2 of the Building Code of Australia.

Bradford Insulation16 suggests the following information in relation to fire resistance and BCA

codes:

Fire safety in a building can be improved by:

Preventing the spread of fire from the compartment of origin to other parts of the building.

In a Class 5 building the objective is to limit the size of any fire in the building by limitingthe floor area and volume of the fire compartment, and to limit fire spread between

different building classifications or uses.

The purpose of this objective is to minimise the potential fire size as well as to ensurethat occupants have sufficient time to evacuate a building in an emergency. Different

office tenancies within the building do not necessarily need to have fire separation

between them.

To achieve this objective elements of construction are required to achieve a certain fireresistance level and a critical aspect of construction is to ensure that construction joints

and penetrations for services are adequately sealed.

Using materials that are less likely to burn to minimise the likelihood of fire spreading as well

as the generation of smoke and toxic gases.

This objective is achieved by ensuring materials satisfy required early fire hazard indices,or are non-combustible.

This is of critical importance in a fire isolated stairway or passageway, which are reliedupon in an emergency by occupants seeking egress from the building as well as for fire

brigade intervention.

Building requirements

To minimise the spread of fire, fire growth as well as safety of occupants and emergency

personnel in the event of a fire a building must be constructed so as to satisfy the

requirements of:

Section C of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) Manufacturers Specification to ensure that the product performs as tested

16 (Bradford Insulation)

CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

projects

Complying with BCA Codes for fire with existing buildings

Existing buildings also need to be checked for BCA compliance for active and passive fires

through consultation with building managers and owners. These checks can be carried out by

specific personnel or the manager of the building


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Alternative Solutions

If any of the above requirements cannot be met either because of innovative development or

there is a particular construction issue, the building would not comply the Deemed-to SatisfyRequirements of the Building Code of Australia and consequently a Construction Certificate

or an Occupation Certificate will not be able to be issued.

To overcome this situation the an Alternative Solution may be able to be prepared in

accordance with Clause A0.8, A0.9, & A0.10 of the BCA, demonstrating that the method of

construction will satisfy the Performance Requirements of Section C:

Providing evidence that the form of construction satisfies the BCA; Using a Verification Method as set out in the BCA such as CV1 & CV2 to avoid spread

of fire between buildings; Comparison with the Deemed-to-Satisfy provisions Expert judgement

General Deemed-to-satisfy Requirements

To satisfy the Deemed-to-Satisfy provisions of the BCA with respect to insulation or sarking,

the designer must ascertain:

If the insulation is required as part of a building element system requiring a fireresistance level (FRL)

Whether the product is combustible The products early fire hazard properties; Which product to use in which specific situation

It is critical to understand that no single product can be used in all situations. Each product

has its own performance characteristics in fire situation. Clause A2.2 of the BCA provides the

methodology for determining the suitability of a particular material or form of construction.

Specification A2.3 of the BCA sets out the procedures for determining the FRL of building

elements and Specification A 2.4 of the BCA sets out the procedures for establishing a

materials fire hazard properties.

Therefore to demonstrate that a product such as insulation or sarking is suitable to be used

in a building it would have to have been tested by a registered testing authority and have

some form of certification or accreditation, otherwise the installer will not be able to

demonstrate that the product satisfies the requirements of the BCA.

Consequently the designer must familiarise themselves with the manufacturesspecification

to ensure that the product will perform as it was tested to ensure that the work will satisfy

the requirements of the BCA.


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Deemed-to-satisfy Requirements Fire Resistance Levels

The type of fire-resisting construction that a building requires is primarily dependant on risklevels associated with the buildings classification (use) and the height (rise instoreys).

There are three levels or types of fire-resisting construction being Type A construction

which is the most fire-resistant, Type B which is an intermediate level of fire-resistant

construction and Type C which is the least fire-resistant of the Types of construction. To

determine the type of construction required for your building, see the table on the following

page.

It is important to note that different office tenancies within the building do not necessarily

require fire separation between them as the above floor areas and volumes can often

accommodate numerous tenancies within the one fire compartment.

There are further requirements and concessions under Section C and Specification C1.1 of the

BCA that must also be considered to determine the final type of fireresisting construction

required for your building.

Once the final type of fire-resisting construction has been determined, then the fire resistance

levels or FRLs of the various building elements of your building can bedetermined using

Specification C1.1 of the BCA and the Tables contained therein.

This Specification also contains certain limitations on building elements requiring them to beeither concrete or masonry, non-combustible or contain certain risk fire hazard properties.

Please refer to Specification C1.1 for further information.CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

The Fire Resistance Level (FRL) relates to the period in minutes that a system will resist the

effects of fire with respect to the following criteria;

Structural adequacywhere the system will still maintain its design load Integritywhere the system will not allow fire to pass Insulationwhere the system insulates against heat passing through the total

configuration.

The FRLs are expressed as Structural adequacy/ Integrity/ Insulation and are shown in minutes

eg 60/60/60. Where a dash is used, eg -/60/60 this means the FRL does not require a level for

this property, being Structural Adequacy in this case. The following Table is a list of FRL for

medium rise buildings (Source Bradford Insulation)


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Deemed-to-satisfy Requirements Early Fire Hazard Properties

It is important that the spread of fire and the development of smoke be limited during a fire

until building occupants have had time to evacuate. Floor materials and floor coverings, andwall and ceiling linings must comply with Specification C1.10a. Refer to specification C1.10a

for further detail outlining the fire hazard properties required for various lining materials as

well as the testing that is required to support the use of a lining material. All other materials

used in a building must comply with Specification C1.10.

In a Class 5 building a material or composite form of construction must satisfy Specification

C1.10, ie have a Spread-of-Flame Index not greater than 9; and Smoke-Developed Index not

more than 8 if the Spread-of-Flame Index is more than 5. An example of composite

construction would be plasterboard walls with insulation between wall sheets. Otherwise the

material will have to be completely covered on all faces by concrete or masonry not less than50 mm thick.

The fire hazard properties of duct work must comply with the fire hazard properties required

by AS 4254 such as Clause 2.7 which in general states that insulation used for ducts liners

must have a smoke developed index of not greater than 3 and spread of Flame index of 0

(refer to standard for complete details).CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

Deemed to Satisfy Requirement for Sarking

Clause C1.10 of the BCA states that the fire hazard properties of any material must comply

with Specification C1.10 or Specification C1.10a of the BCA. Specification C1.10 Clause 2 (a)states that a sarking-type of material must have a Flammability Index that does not exceed 5.

However in a Fire isolated exit a sarking type material must have a Flammability Index that

does not exceed 0.

Deemed to Satisfy Requirement for Sealing Penetrations

For a building to properly function services are often required to penetrate elements of

construction required to have a fire resistant level (FRL). To prevent the spread of fire via the

services, these penetrations must be capable of maintaining the require FRL with respect to

integrity and insulation.

Specification C 3.15 of the BCA states that a material used for fire sealing service

penetrations must be either:

Concrete, or High-temperature mineral fibre or high-temperature ceramic fibre or another

material that does not flow at a temperature below 1120C when tested in accordance

with AS 1038.15, the system as tested does not impair the fire-resisting performance

of the building element in which it is installed;

The fire-stopping material must be packed into the gap between the service andwall, floor or ceiling in a manner, and compressed to the same degree, as adoptedfor testing


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ActivityFire resistance for medium rise buildings

Outline the level of fire resistance required for the construction of medium rise buildings


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ATTACHMENTS

Definitions Source: Courtesy Bradford Insulation

Certificate of Accreditation: A Certificate of Accreditation is issued by a State or Territory

accreditation authority and is evidence that a building material, method of construction or

design (subject to any specified conditions or limitations) is accepted within that State or

Territory as complying with the BCA. Certificates of Accreditation are no longer issued by

the ABCB. Certificates issued by the ABCB under the previous scheme are no longer

valid.

Certificate of Conformity: A Certificate of Conformity issued under the ABCB scheme is

evidence that a building material, method of construction or design (subject to any specified

conditions or limitations) is accepted within all States and Territories as complying with theBCA.

Combustible: A test done in accordance with AS 1530.1 will determine if a material is

combustible. If materials used in an assembly contain combustible components, then the

assembly is combustible.

Fire-resisting: Applies to fire-resisting building elements, including structural members and

nonloadbearing components, such as cladding, doors, windows and the like.

Flammability Index: A test performed in accordance with AS 1530.2 will determine theflammability index of a material.

Habitable roommeans a room used for normal domestic activities, and

(a) Includes a bedroom, living room, lounge room, music room, television room,

kitchen, dining room, sewing room, study, playroom, family room and sunroom; but

(b) Excludes a bathroom, laundry, water closet, pantry, walk-in wardrobe, corridor,

hallway, lobby, photographic darkroom, clothes-drying room, and other spaces of a

specialised nature occupied neither frequently nor for extended periods

Insulation: Insulation is the third criterion used when specifying an FRL.

Integrity: Integrity is the second criterion used when specifying an FRL. See example under

insulation definition.

The test under AS 1530.4 considers that a building element has failed the integrity criterion

when either the element collapses, or the element develops cracks, fissures or other openings

through which flames or hot gases can pass.CPCCBC5001A Apply building codes and standards to the construction process for medium rise building

Non Combustible: Clause C1.12 of the BCA lists materials deemed to be non-combustible.

These materials may be used wherever a material is required to be non-combustible. In

some instances the material may contain combustible components. The materials listed are

not intended to apply to fire place hearths. The following materials, though combustible or


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containing combustible fibres, may be used wherever a non-combustible material is

required:

Plasterboard.

Perforated gypsum lath with a normal paper finish. Fibrous-plaster sheet. Fibre-reinforced cement sheeting. Pre-finished metal sheeting having a combustible surface finish not exceeding 1 mm

thickness and where the Spread-of-Flame Index of the product is not greater than 0.

Bonded laminated materials where

Each laminate is non-combustible; and

Each adhesive layer does not exceed 1 mm in thickness; and The total thickness of the adhesive layers does not exceed 2 mm; and The Spread-of-

Flame Index and the Smoke-Developed Index of the laminated material as a whole does

not exceed 0 and 3 respectively.

Spread-of-Flame Index: A test in accordance with AS/NZS 1530.3 determines the Spread-of-

Flame Index of a material. The index is based on a logarithmic scale of 0 to 10. A lower index

number indicates better performance.

Standard Fire Test: AS 1530.4 contains details of the Standard Fire Test. The test is used to

determine the FRL of a building element. The results are recorded in order as: structural

adequacy, integrity and insulation.

Structural Adequacy: In relation to an FRL, means the ability to maintain stability and

adequate loadbearing capacity as determined by AS1530.4.

Verification Methodmeans a test, inspection, calculation or other method that determines

whether a Building Solution complies with the relevant Performance Requirements


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Common abbreviations


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Performance criteria

ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Access and interpret

relevant code and

standard

requirements.

1.1. Relevant performance requirements from the BCA

that apply to individual projects (classified as

medium rise) are identified.

1.2. Requirements of relevant BCA deemed-to-satisfy

(DTS) provisions are determined.

1.3. Requirements of relevant Australian standards

referenced in the BCA are accessed and interpreted

appropriately.

2. Classify buildings. 2.1. Nature of building is determined according to use

and arrangement.

2.2. BCA criteria to determine the defined classification

are applied.

3. Analyse and apply a

range of solutions to

a construction

problem to ensure

compliance with the

BCA.

3.1. Range of criteria that will ensure that construction

methods comply with BCA performance

requirements is determined.

3.2. Alternative solutions to a design or construction

BCA-compliance problem are discussed and

proposed in accordance with company policies and

procedures.

3.3. Performance-based solutions are identified and

documented in accordance with BCA requirements

and organisational quality procedures andprocesses.

3.4.Assessment methodsreferenced in the BCA to

determine whether a building solution complies

withperformance requirementsor DTS provision of

the BCA are analysed and applied.

3.5. Relevant documentation is identified and

completed in accordance with BCA requirements.

4. Apply fire protection

requirements.

4.1. Passive and active fire control elements required by

the BCA and other legislation are identified.

4.2. Level of fire resistance required for the construction

of various medium rise buildings is determined.

4.3. BCA requirements with respect to passive and

active fire protection to medium rise buildings are

identified and applied.

4.4. Check of existing buildings for compliance with

passive and active fire protection requirements is

carried out in accordance with BCA requirements.


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AIE STRUCTURE ; STRUCTURE IN ARCHITECTURE ACCESSED 22.9.10HTTP://WWW.AIAPHILA.ORG/AIE/NEW-STUFF/STRUCTURE/HOWTO.HTML

AUSTRALIAN BUILDING INSPECTION SERVICES; BASE STAGE INSPECTION;FOOTINGS (2010)

WEBSITE ACCESSED 14.10.10; HTTP://WWW.ABIS.COM.AU/BASE-STAGE-INSPECTION

BCA ILLUSTRATED BCA CODE ILLUSTRATED. ACCESSED 22.9.10

HTTP://WWW.BCAILLUSTRATED.COM.AU/

ABCB; AUSTRALIAN BUILDING CODE ONLINE ACCESSED 14.10.10 VOLUMES 1 & 2;

http://www.abcb.gov.au/abcbonline/StartFrame.asp

BRITANNICA ACCESSED 22.9.10

HTTP://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/EBCHECKED/TOPIC/83859/BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION/

59323/LOW-RISE-RESIDENTIAL-BUILDINGS

DERECK.CORNFORTH (2005) Landslides in practice: investigation, analysis,remedial and

preventive options in soils.

DATA STANDARDS: HIGH-RISE BUILDING (ESN 18727), EMPORIS STANDARDS. (2009)ACCESSED ON LINE OCTOBER 16,

EMMITT, S & GORSE, C; BARRYS ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS; 2ND EDITION;

WILEY-BLACKWELL; (2010) SINGAPORE

HENDERSON, DAVID AND JOHN GINGER: (2008) JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY: THE

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, VOL. 23 NO. 2, MAY 2008

JACKSON, BRIAN ( 2000/7) MATERIAL ATTRIBUTES WEBSITE ACCESSED 16.9.10

HTTP://WWW.MITE.COM.AU/MANUAL/P6.HTML

DEPARTMENT QUEENSLAND WORKPLACE SAFETY (2010) LEGISLATIVE PLANNING

REQUIREMENTS; WEBSITE ACCESSED 14.10.10;

HTTP://WWW.DEIR.QLD.GOV.AU/WORKPLACE/TRAINING/TRAINING/ACTIVITIES/DEMOLI

TION/PERFORM/INDEX.HTM

MAH-CHUT, JAMES TARAGO CONSTRUCTIONS (2010) INTERVIEW CONDUCTED REGARDING

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION PRINCIPALS.

MCDONALD, (2010) FOUNDATIONS AND FOOTINGS; MCD CONSTRUCTION WEBSITE

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BLUESCOPE STEEL 22.9.10

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Documents

CPCCBC5001B Learners Guide