Cr Cla Chemin Ov 2002

8/17/2019 Cr Cla Chemin Ov 2002

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Canada Research Chair in Sustainable ConstructionCanada Research Chair in Sustainable Construction

SustainableSustainable ConcreteConcrete Construction in the 21Construction in the 21stst

Century:Century:Challenges & OpportunitiesChallenges & Opportunities

Dr. Mohamed Lachemi, P.Eng.Dr. Mohamed Lachemi, P.Eng.

Department of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering

Ryerson niversityRyerson niversity


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OutlineOutline

! IntroductionIntroduction

! Current SituationCurrent Situation

! ChallengesChallenges

! OpportunitiesOpportunities

! Research ActivitiesResearch Activities

Canada Research Chair in Sustainable ConstructionCanada Research Chair in Sustainable Construction


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Construction Industry TodayConstruction Industry Today

In Canada, the construction industryIn Canada, the construction industry

generates annually 11! billions andgenerates annually 11! billions and

creates al"ost 1 "illion #obs$creates al"ost 1 "illion #obs$

%orldide, this sector generates%orldide, this sector generates

around 'S($) trillion$around 'S($) trillion$


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Construction Industry TodayConstruction Industry Today

Issues *acing the industry:Issues *acing the industry:

! +ittle e"phasis on R&-+ittle e"phasis on R&-

! .oor i"age-.oor i"age-

! /obile or0*orce-/obile or0*orce-

! .oor productivity$.oor productivity$


5/54nited "ations #orld Commission on Environment and Developmentnited "ations #orld Commission on Environment and Development

%hat is Sustainable evelop"en%hat is Sustainable evelop"en

"Sustainable development meets the"Sustainable development meets the

needs of the present withoutneeds of the present without

compromising the ability of futurecompromising the ability of future

generations to meet their owngenerations to meet their own

needs."needs."


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Sustainability & ConstructionSustainability & Construction

Sustainable develop"ent inSustainable develop"ent inconstruction should translate into:construction should translate into:

I"proved uality o* li*e-I"proved uality o* li*e-

.rotection o* the environ"ent-.rotection o* the environ"ent-3nergy conservation-3nergy conservation-

%aste reduction & recycling-%aste reduction & recycling-

34cient use o* natural resources-34cient use o* natural resources-5etter operational per*or"ance$5etter operational per*or"ance$


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Concrete in our livesConcrete in our lives

Concrete is the "ost idely usedConcrete is the "ost idely used

construction "aterial in the orld$construction "aterial in the orld$

%orldide, the yearly production o*%orldide, the yearly production o*concrete is o* the order o* 1( billionconcrete is o* the order o* 1( billion

tonnes$tonnes$

6u"an0ind consu"es only ater in large6u"an0ind consu"es only ater in largeuantities$uantities$


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ConcreteConcrete

77concretusconcretus

is the 0eyis the 0ey

"aterial *o"aterial *o/an0ind to/an0ind to

create thecreate the

builtbuilt

environ"eenviron"e


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%hat ou%hat ou

"odern"odern

civili9atiocivili9atio

be ithoube ithou

concreteconcrete


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%hat is Concrete%hat is Concrete

Concret Concret

ee

Ce"entCe"ent

7Additive7Additive88

%ater%ater

AggregateAggregate


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.roperties o* Concrete.roperties o* Concrete

Concrete is relatively inepensive,Concrete is relatively inepensive,

strong, versatile, and resistant tostrong, versatile, and resistant to

;re, i"pact, ater, and eather$;re, i"pact, ater, and eather$It has also a longer service li*e thanIt has also a longer service li*e than

"ost construction products and"ost construction products and

reuires little "aintenance$reuires little "aintenance$


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6o


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6o


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6o


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6o


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The .roble"The .roble"

5ecause e use so "uch concrete,5ecause e use so "uch concrete,

and because concrete hasand because concrete has

co"peting "aterials *or "anyco"peting "aterials *or "any

applications, the tendency is toapplications, the tendency is to

provide the concrete at the loestprovide the concrete at the loest

possible cost$possible cost$


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The Current SituationThe Current Situation

In the 'S, it ill cost 'S2 to 'S(In the 'S, it ill cost 'S2 to 'S(

trillion over the net 2! years totrillion over the net 2! years to

repair all the concrete structuresrepair all the concrete structures

hich are no deteriorating *ro"hich are no deteriorating *ro"

corrosion and are poorly "ade andcorrosion and are poorly "ade and

"aintained$"aintained$"ational Research Council Report, $%%&."ational Research Council Report, $%%&.


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The Current SituationThe Current Situation

In Canada, it is esti"ated that theIn Canada, it is esti"ated that the

cost o* repair all concretecost o* repair all concrete

structures is in the range o* =)structures is in the range o* =)

billion$billion$


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>e .erspectives>e .erspectives

6igh?per*or"ance6igh?per*or"ance andand durabilitydurability shouldshould

be given high priority in the selectionbe given high priority in the selection

o* "aterials and construction practices$o* "aterials and construction practices$


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6igh .er*or"ance & urability6igh .er*or"ance & urability

'he Confederation (ridge 'he Confederation (ridge

E)pected life cycle * $&& yearsE)pected life cycle * $&& years

'he ice shields are e)posed to salt +ate 'he ice shields are e)posed to salt +atefreeing and tha+ing and ice abrasion.freeing and tha+ing and ice abrasion.


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7800 t 7200 t

PEI Girder

Eiffel Tower


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Is the Con*ederation 5ridge Sa*eIs the Con*ederation 5ridge Sa*e


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Another ChallengeAnother Challenge

%e need to learn ho to better reali9e%e need to learn ho to better reali9e

the potential o* concrete asthe potential o* concrete as

construction "aterial by producing itconstruction "aterial by producing itith the use o*ith the use o* less energyless energy andand s"allers"aller

e"issions o* greenhouse gasese"issions o* greenhouse gases$$


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COCO22


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Ce"ent .roductionCe"ent .roduction


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>atural>aturalResourcesResources

+i*e Cycle Analysis+i*e Cycle Analysis

%ater and%ater and

AggregatesAggregates

SC/ &SC/ &AdditivesAdditives

e"olitione"olition

+and;l+and;lll

Classi*yingClassi*ying

Re?useRe?use

RecyclinRecyclin

gg+i"e .it+i"e .it

Ce"entCe"ent

.roduction.roduction

3"issions3"issions& 3nergy& 3nergy

+i*e+i*eCyclCycl

-dapted from Lambros -ndrous-dapted from Lambros -ndrous

ResourceResource

etractioetractio

nn

esignesign

'se o*'se o*

asteaste

"aterials"aterials


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OpportunitiesOpportunities

The construction industry is by *ar theThe construction industry is by *ar the

"ost pro"ising"ost pro"ising sink sink *or recycling*or recycling

industrial, "ining, and householdindustrial, "ining, and household

astes because o* the large volu"e o*astes because o* the large volu"e o*

"aterials used and its tolerance *or"aterials used and its tolerance *or

variability in their properties$variability in their properties$


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@ision@ision

This Canada Research Chair in SustainabThis Canada Research Chair in Sustainab

Construction is driven by a vision thatConstruction is driven by a vision that

large volu"es o* aste products can belarge volu"es o* aste products can be

trans*or"ed into use*ul constructiontrans*or"ed into use*ul construction

"aterials, providing econo"ic gains,"aterials, providing econo"ic gains,

health bene;ts, and environ"ental relie*health bene;ts, and environ"ental relie*


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%aste & 5y?product /aterials%aste & 5y?product /aterials

!Slag-Slag-

!ly ash-ly ash-

!Silica *u"e-Silica *u"e-

!Ce"ent 0iln dust-Ce"ent 0iln dust-

!Industrial sludges-Industrial sludges-

!+i"estone screening & uarry dust-+i"estone screening & uarry dust-

!Incinerator ash$Incinerator ash$


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ly Ash in the Construction Indusly Ash in the Construction Indus


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ly Ash in the construction Indusly Ash in the construction Indus


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Coal?Ash .roduction & 'tili9ationCoal?Ash .roduction & 'tili9ation


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>e e


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Our ocusOur ocus

Sel* Co"pactingBConsolidating ConcreteSel* Co"pactingBConsolidating Concrete

7SCC8 is a"ong the ne "aterials that7SCC8 is a"ong the ne "aterials that

can be used *or so"e o* our pressingcan be used *or so"e o* our pressing

needs *or high per*or"ance and "oreneeds *or high per*or"ance and "ore

durable "aterials, and innovativedurable "aterials, and innovative

construction "ethods in the 21construction "ethods in the 21stst century$century$


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>e e


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%hat is SCC%hat is SCC

SCC "ust:SCC "ust:/ 6ave a Fuidity that allo6ave a Fuidity that allosel*?consolidation ithousel*?consolidation ithouvibration,vibration,

/ Re"ain ho"ogeneousRe"ain ho"ogeneousduring and a*ter theduring and a*ter theplacing process, andplacing process, and

/lo easily throughlo easily throughrein*orce"ent$rein*orce"ent$


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6o to Achieve Sel*?Consolidatio6o to Achieve Sel*?Consolidatio

/ +i"iting the coarse aggregate+i"iting the coarse aggregate

content-content-

/Increasing the paste content-Increasing the paste content-

/ 'sing a superplastici9er and'sing a superplastici9er and

loering the ater?to?poderloering the ater?to?poder

ratio 7%B.8$ratio 7%B.8$

Okamura and Ouchi, RILEM Symposium on SCC, Stockholm 1999Okamura and Ouchi, RILEM Symposium on SCC, Stockholm 1999


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5ene;ts o* SCC5ene;ts o* SCC

Substantial reduction in constructionSubstantial reduction in constructionti"e and labour costti"e and labour cost--

Substantial reduction in the eposurSubstantial reduction in the eposur

to co"paction and vibration noise-to co"paction and vibration noise- .roper ;lling o* restricted access.roper ;lling o* restricted accessareas and heavily rein*orcedareas and heavily rein*orced"e"bers-"e"bers-

acilitating constructibility ithacilitating constructibility ithsuperior sur*ace uality and ;nishingsuperior sur*ace uality and ;nishing$


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5ene;ts o* SCC 7Our Approach85ene;ts o* SCC 7Our Approach8

Opti"i9ation o* ce"ent useOpti"i9ation o* ce"ent use--

Sa*e disposal o* aste products-Sa*e disposal o* aste products-

Increased li*e?span o* structures-Increased li*e?span o* structures-

Reduction in


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'se o* SCC'se o* SCC

SCC has already been used in severalSCC has already been used in several

countries$ In apan, "a#orcountries$ In apan, "a#or

construction pro#ects included the usconstruction pro#ects included the use

o* SCC in the late GE!s$ Today, ino* SCC in the late GE!s$ Today, in

apan, eHorts are being "ade to *ree apan, eHorts are being "ade to *ree

SCC o* the special concreteJ labelSCC o* the special concreteJ label

and integrate it into day?to?dayand integrate it into day?to?day

concrete industry production$concrete industry production$


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'se o* SCC in apan'se o* SCC in apan

The A0ashi?Kai0yo 5ridge:The A0ashi?Kai0yo 5ridge:the orldGs longest suspension bridgethe orldGs longest suspension bridge


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The use o* SCC shortened the anchorageThe use o* SCC shortened the anchorage

construction period by 2!L, *ro" 2$) to 2construction period by 2!L, *ro" 2$) to 2years$years$


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Osa0a


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In addition to enlarging theIn addition to enlarging thecapacity o* the ne tan0s, the usecapacity o* the ne tan0s, the use

o* SCC technology resulted in:o* SCC technology resulted in:

! A decrease in the nu"ber o*A decrease in the nu"ber o*

concrete or0ers *ro" 1)! to )!-concrete or0ers *ro" 1)! to )!-

andand

! A decrease o* construction ti"eA decrease o* construction ti"e

*ro" 22 to 1M "onths$*ro" 22 to 1M "onths$Osa0a


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Osa0a < storage tan0$ In addition to t.C +>< storage tan0$ In addition to tadvantage o* the scale brought about byadvantage o* the scale brought about by

increasing the tan0 capacity, construction costsincreasing the tan0 capacity, construction costsere signi;cantly reduced by "ore than 1!L byere signi;cantly reduced by "ore than 1!L byaggressively introducing various ne technologieaggressively introducing various ne technologiethat reduced construction cost and period$ Inthat reduced construction cost and period$ Inter"s o* the land use, the 1M!,!!!?"ter"s o* the land use, the 1M!,!!!?"(( .C +><

storage tan0 can be installed in the sa"e spacestorage tan0 can be installed in the sa"e spaceused *or a =),!!!?"used *or a =),!!!?"(( double?alled "etal tan0,double?alled "etal tan0,hich is an i"prove"ent in land use e4ciency o*hich is an i"prove"ent in land use e4ciency o*2$) ti"es$2$) ti"es$ Osa0a


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Our Research ActivitiesOur Research Activities

Structural

performancemodels

Long0termbehaviour

durabilitymodels

Sensors "D1actual

structures2

Lab studies

3ield studies

"ovelconcrete

mi) design

Durability

evaluation

Structuralevaluation

Smartmonitori

ng testing

Environmental other bene4ts

Materialcharacteriation

%ill SCC 5eco"e the%ill SCC 5eco"e the


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%ill SCC 5eco"e the%ill SCC 5eco"e the

Standard *or esigningStandard *or esigning

Concrete StructuresConcrete StructuresOne cannot design and or0One cannot design and or0

ith a "aterial hich one doesith a "aterial hich one does

not 0no and understandnot 0no and understand

thoroughly$ There*ore, designthoroughly$ There*ore, design

uality starts ith education$Juality starts ith education$J

Prof. 5org SchlaichProf. 5org Schlaich

O /i iO /i i


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Our /issionOur /ission

Our "ission is to educate the *utureOur "ission is to educate the *uture

leaders o* the pro*ession and toleaders o* the pro*ession and to

provide s0ills and *oundations *orprovide s0ills and *oundations *orli*e?long learning and groth$li*e?long learning and groth$

Att ti th 5 t d 5 i ht tAtt ti th 5 t d 5 i ht t


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Attracting the 5est and 5rightestAttracting the 5est and 5rightest

Research Associates and .sResearch Associates and .s

r$ K$/$A$ 6ossain, r$ 6$ Kada 7aculty, rance8, r$ 6$ /esbr$ K$/$A$ 6ossain, r$ 6$ Kada 7aculty, rance8, r$ 6$ /esb

7aculty, rance8, r$ 6$ arhat 7+ecturer, A"er$ 'ni$ 5eirut87aculty, rance8, r$ 6$ arhat 7+ecturer, A"er$ 'ni$ 5eirut8

.h Students.h Students

R$ 3li"ov 73on/obil8, /$ 5en9er9ourR$ 3li"ov 73on/obil8, /$ 5en9er9our

/asters Students/asters Students5$ +a"bros, R$ .atel, C$ Anagnostopoulos, /$ Ra"charitar,


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Tea" o* Truly Outstanding 6.Tea" o* Truly Outstanding 6.

History would have it that theHistory would have it that the

chiefs win the battles when, inchiefs win the battles when, in

actually, theactually, the bravesbraves do the ghting.do the ghting.JJ

.araphrase o* an A"erican Indian saying.araphrase o* an A"erican Indian saying

%h S stainable de elop"ent%hy Sustainable develop"ent


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%hy Sustainable develop"ent%hy Sustainable develop"ent

We do not inherit the earthWe do not inherit the earth

environment! from our parents,environment! from our parents,

we borrow it from our children.we borrow it from our children.JJ

+etGs honor our debtP+etGs honor our debtP

Old A*rican sayingOld A*rican saying


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'han6 you 'han6 you

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Cr Cla Chemin Ov 2002