Creating the right business climate for innovation – A CO2 success story

Bruxelles OCT 2009

Torben M Hansen

The history of refrigerants in Denmark – back to the future Up to 1930: Ammonia, carbon dioxide, methylchloride, sulfur

dioxide … 1920-1980: Ammonia and ozone depleting refrigerant CFC’s

R11,R12 etc. 1980-1990: Ammonia and ozone depleting refrigerant: HCFC’s

R22 and others 1990-2006: Ammonia and heavy green house gasses: HFC’s

R404a, R134a, R407C and others 1996: The Ministers’ Vision: No use of synthetic refrigerants by

2006!!! 2000-2010: Ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydro carbons and still a

few HFC’s

The situation in refrigeration in 1996 General opinion of the industry

HFC is green – the Danish model is pure madness

Components: compressors, valves, heat exchangers, controls, line component, oil management etc… Few components were availible and only as prototypes

Know how Major uncertainty: Many indirect solutions were presented Mainly lab systems were in operation

Market strenght Danish market is too small to create a pull

Myths ”It will never work!”

Willingness Strong governmental (financial) support for development

and demonstration

Refrigerants and implications anno 1996

Natural refrigerants: Ammonia: Long experience, high skills, proven and efficient

solutions Flammable, poissonous, leaks cause irritation of respiratory Strong position in industrial systems

Hydrocarbon: The perfect drop in alternative – unfortunately very flammable

Carbon dioxide: Critical point low at 31C, very high pressure,no recent experience with lubriucation, material selections. Only few components, lots of safety issues.

Air: Joule cycle processes: low energy efficiency Water: theoretically very good cycle performance. Vacuum

operation, very high swept volumes required. No suitable compressors on the market.

There was single no obvious and easy solution

Ingredients to facilitate a success with natural refrigerants

Governmental support

-Strategic R&D programmes

-Funding of R&D and demonstrations

-Taxation of GWP equivalence

-Ban on undesired chemicals

Important single incidents/actions: GWP equivalent tax on

refrigerants Ban on all HFC charges > 10 kg

from jan. 2007

Important single incidents/actions: High pressure components Market break through in

commercial systems

Denmark 2009: How does it look

Natural refrigerants has been adapted widely Ammonia, hydrocarbon and carbondioxide

Many companies building and installing systems with natural refrigerant Pack builders: More than 20 Installers: probably 80% being capable to handle

natural refrigerants

Wide spreed use of HFC Multiple parallel units with less than 10 kg

R134a

Køl

CO2

Kaskade-anlæg

Frost

CO2 anlægTørkøler

Kaskadeveksler

Kondensator

Kølekom-pressor

Frostkom-pressor

CO2-pumpe

Køl

Frost

CO2

CO2

Kondensator HT-ventil

GBP-ventil

Kølekom-pressor

Frostkom-pressor

R134a

Køl

CO2

Brine-anlæg

Frost

Tørkøler

Kaskadeveksler

Kondensator

Kølekom-pressor

Frostkom-pressor

Brinepumpe

Brine (glykol)

Systems for supermarkets – trends of development

Energy consumption for simple single stage

By Transkritisk [MWh]

Subkritisk [MWh] Besparelse,transkritisk [%]

Stockholm 64,1 68,0 6København 65,5 69,1 5Amsterdam 70,6 72,0 2Berlin 72,9 72,9 0Paris 76,6 74,5 -3Lyon 80,8 77,0 -5Madrid 89,1 82,2 -8Marseille 91,9 83,1 -11Barcelona 93,1 83,1 -12Rom 95,0 85,0 -12

Reference: DTU, Technical University of Denmark (IPU)

CO2-emissions

Why has CO2 become a success in Northern Europe

No chemical hazard Low Carbon Footprint

Low energy consumption Low GWP of refrigerant emission

Simple system design Ease of use Similarity to traditional refrigerant system Low est total cost of installation compared to

alternatives

Tax on HFCs

CO2 market share is growing

CO2 has proven reliable and efficient

Supermarket applications has been the main market driver

Other applications are increasingly gaining market Light Industry Air conditioning Heat pumps

Some end users dedicated to carbon dioxide

Conclusion

Natural refrigerant solution exist Natural refrigerants can effectively reduce the carbon

footprint from refrigeration Northern climates: No HFC are necessary Warm climates represents a challenge

Coexististence of CO2 and HFC /HC may be an option

CO2 has proven a reliable and substainable solution in many application

About ADVANSOR www.advansor.dk ADVANSOR is specialized in CO2-technologies within the fields of

refrigeration and heat pumps

Founded 2006

ADVANSOR has 9 employees and a turnover of € 3½ mill.

ADVANSOR develops, manufacturers and sell projects within Combined Heating and Power Process industry Food industry Supermarkets

Our products are: Heat pumps 20-1500 kW Chillers / AC-systems 80-400 kW Supermarket refrigeration 6/15 – 50/250 kW Light commercial 100-1000 kW Costumer specified products Engineering, design, production of

series of 5-10 units

ADVANSOR’s productscompHEAT: High temperature heat pumpsAdvansor develops heat pump solutions dedicated to power plants and industrial applications. The heat pump produces hot water up to 90°C which enables direct pipe connection to the external district heating grid.

compBINE: Combined heating and coolingCombined heating and cooling - produce hot water up to 100°C and get ice water for free or counter wise. Advansor’s product line is highly suitable in connection with pasteurisation, CIP systems and other application in food industry where coinciding demands for heating and cooling exist. Combined heating and cooling saves both capital investment and energy cost.

compFORT: Chiller applications and AC systemsAdvansor offers highly compact air cooled chillers and AC systemsin the range from 100 to 400 kW. With natural refrigerant, no toxic risk and no flammability this is a safe and economical feasible choice.

compSUPER: Refrigeration applicationsAdvansor offers refrigeration systems (compressor rack’s) for supermarkets and other commercial/ industrial applications. The units work with as the only refrigerant. Main focus are placed on reliability, ease of service and low energy consumption.