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Depuis plusieurs années déjà, des dictionnaires électroniques ont été créés pour le traitement automatique du langage (TAL). L’utilisation de ces ressources se retrouve autant dans le domaine des recherches linguistiques que dans celui des industries de la langue. En effet, les applications sont nombreuses et variées : vérification orthographique, indexation de textes, analyse syntaxique, recherche documentaire…Cependant, il faut établir une distinction entre les dictionnaires électroniques et les dictionnaires d’usage. La différence entre ces deux types de ressources réside principalement dans la finalité. En effet, les dictionnaires d’usage (même sur support informatique) sont orientés vers la définition des mots et la description de leurs emplois et sont, par conséquent, destinés à une lecture humaine. Ce qui n’est pas le cas des dictionnaires électroniques qui sont conçus dans le but d’être exploités par des programmes informatiques et sont focalisés sur la description formelle des objets de la langue et leur classification. Ces derniers se présentent d’ailleurs le plus souvent sous la forme d’une base de données contenant des informations morpho-grammaticales des mots (lemmes) et des informations sur les variations possibles de ces mots en genre et en nombre ainsi que la conjugaison des verbes.Dans le cadre de l’unité d’enseignement INF M34 Informatique, Multilinguisme et Traduction, nous devions réaliser un dictionnaire électronique à partir d’une langue autre que le français. Notre choix s’est porté sur la langue sarde car elle est peu décrite du point de vue linguistique.
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5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
1/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
0
RKEE@NYD
NL]YKMTB]NKL p.9
_YDRDL]@]NKL MD H@ H@LFTD
0. ]ypkhkfnds hnlfunstnquds0.0 J`enhhd md h`lfuds
0.9 ]ypd md h`lfud
9. Mkllds hnlfunstnquds9.0 Lkeird md hkbutdurs dt h`lfuds p`rhds dl R`rm`nfld
9.9 Z`rn`ltds mn`hdbt`hds mu s`rmd
p.2
p.2
p.=
BKLR]N]T]NKL MT MNB]NKLL@NYD
0. Mdsbrnptnkl mu hdxnqud0.0 Ydbudnh mds mkllds
0.9 B`tfkrns`tnkl mds hdeeds
9. Hd mnbtnkll`nrd hdbtrklnqud ekrpcksylt`xnqud9.0 Mjnlntnkl flr`hd
9.9 Rtrubturd mu mnbtnkll`nrd`) Ekmhd rdh`tnklldhi) Hds t`ihds
b) Hds rdqutds
p.6
p.6
p.3
JKLB]NKLLDEDL] MD H@ H@LFTD R@YMD
0. Hds b`tfkrnds fr`ee`tnb`hds0.0 B`tfkrnds v`rn`ihds dt nlv`rn`ihds
0.9 ]`ihd`u mds jhdxnkls
9. B`r`btrnstnquds md h` jhdxnkl s`rmd9.0 H` jhdxnkl lkenl`hd
9.9 H` jhdxnkl md h`madbtnj qu`hnjnb`tnj
9.2 H` jhdxnkl mds mtdrenl`lts9.= H` jhdxnkl mds vdrids
9.4 Hd prklke
p.02
p.02
p.0=
BKLBHTRNKL p.90
RN]KFY@_CND p.99
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
2/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
9
NL]YKMTB]NKL
Mdpuns phusndurs `llds ma, mds mnbtnkll`nrds hdbtrklnquds klt t brs pkur hd
tr`ntdedlt `utke`tnqud mu h`lf`fd (]@H). Hutnhns`tnkl md bds rdsskurbds sd rdtrkuvd `ut`lt
m`ls hd mke`nld mds rdbcdrbcds hnlfunstnquds qud m`ls bdhun mds nlmustrnds md h` h`lfud. Dl
djjdt, hds `pphnb`tnkls sklt lkeirdusds dt v`rnds 1 vrnjnb`tnkl krtckfr`pcnqud, nlmdx`tnkl md
tdxtds, `l`hysd sylt`xnqud, rdbcdrbcd mkbuedlt`nrd
Bdpdlm`lt, nh j`ut t`ihnr uld mnstnlbtnkl dltrd hds mnbtnkll`nrds hdbtrklnquds dt hds
mnbtnkll`nrds mus`fd. H` mnjjrdlbd dltrd bds mdux typds md rdsskurbds rsnmd prnlbnp`hdedlt
m`ls h` jnl`hnt. Dl djjdt, hds mnbtnkll`nrds mus`fd (eed sur suppkrt nljkre`tnqud) sklt
krndlts vdrs h` mjnlntnkl mds ekts dt h` mdsbrnptnkl md hdurs dephkns dt sklt, p`r bklsqudlt,
mdstnls uld hdbturd cue`nld. Bd qun ldst p`s hd b`s mds mnbtnkll`nrds hdbtrklnquds qun sklt
bklus m`ls hd iut mtrd dxphknts p`r mds prkfr`eeds nljkre`tnquds dt sklt jkb`hnss sur h`
mdsbrnptnkl jkredhhd mds kiadts md h` h`lfud dt hdur bh`ssnjnb`tnkl. Bds mdrlndrs sd prsdltdlt
m`nhhdurs hd phus skuvdlt skus h` jkred muld i`sd md mkllds bkltdl`lt mds nljkre`tnkls
ekrpck-fr`ee`tnb`hds mds ekts (hdeeds) dt mds nljkre`tnkls sur hdsv`rn`tnkls pkssnihds md
bds ekts dl fdlrd dt dl lkeird `nlsn qud h` bklauf`nskl mds vdrids.
M`ls hd b`mrd md hulnt mdlsdnfldedlt NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt
]r`mubtnkl, lkus mdvnkls r`hnsdr ul mnbtnkll`nrd hdbtrklnqud p`rtnr muld h`lfud `utrd qud
hd jr`l`ns. Lktrd bcknx sdst pkrt sur h` h`lfud s`rmd b`r dhhd dst pdu mbrntd mu pknlt md vud
hnlfunstnqud.
M`ls uld prdenrd p`rtnd, lkus prsdltdrkls h` h`lfud s`rmd dl tr`nt`lt phusndurs pknlts
rdh`tnjs `ux typkhkfnds hnlfunstnquds 1 hd typd md h`lfud dt h` j`enhhd md h`lfud. _uns, lkus
jkurlnrkls qudhquds nljkre`tnkls mekhnlfunstnquds sur h` h`lfud 1 lkeird md hkbutdurs,v`rn`ltds mn`hdbt`hds, st`tut hnlfunstnqud mu s`rmd.
Tld sdbklmd p`rtnd sdr` bkls`brd h` mdsbrnptnkl mu lktrd mnbtnkll`nrd hdbtrklnqud 1
rbupr`tnkl mu hdxnqud, utnhns`tnkl muld i`sd md mkllds pkur rdprsdltdr h` strubturd mds
mkllds.
Dljnl, lkus lkus nltrdssdrkls `u jklbtnklldedlt md h` h`lfud s`rmd dl mbrnv`lt hds
mnjjrdltds b`tfkrnds md ekts (lkes, vdrids, `madbtnjs) dt hdur v`rn`inhnt dl jklbtnkl mds
tr`nts fr`ee`tnb`ux (fdlrd, lkeird, bklauf`nskl mds vdrids) 7 lkus p`rhdrkls f`hdedlt mds
prkiheds rdlbkltrs dt mds bcknx tckrnquds qud lkus `vkls m j`nrd.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
3/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
2
_YRDL]@]NKL MD H@ H@LFTD
Bkeed lkus h`vkls vkqu prbmdeedlt, lkus `vkls bcknsn md lkus nltrdssdr h`
h`lfud s`rmd mklt hd hdxnqud lkus sdrvnr` md i`sd pkur bklstntudr lktrd mnbtnkll`nrdhdbtrklnqud. Lkus miutdrkls mklb bdttd p`rtnd p`r uld prsdlt`tnkl md h` h`lfud s`rmd 1
j`enhhd md h`lfuds, typd md h`lfud. _uns lkus jkurlnrkls qudhquds nljkre`tnkls hnlfunstnquds 1
lkeird md hkbutdurs, h`lfud kjjnbndhhd, mn`hdbtds.
0. ]ypkhkfnds hnlfunstnquds
0.0. J`enhhd md h`lfuds
Hd s`rmd dst uld h`lfud rke`ld `pp`rtdl`lt h` fr`lmd j`enhhd mds h`lfuds nlmk-
durkpdllds. _hus prbnsedlt, dhhd `pp`rtndlt `u frkupd rctk-rke`l (skus-j`enhhd mds
h`lfuds rke`lds) mklt hkrnfnld rdekltd `u SNNedsnbhd. Bkeed hds `utrds h`lfuds rke`lds,
h` h`lfud s`rmd punsd sds krnfnlds mu h`tnl vdrl`buh`nrd b'dst--mnrd hd h`tnl dephky m`ls h`
bkeeulnb`tnkl md tkus hds akurs p`r kppksntnkl `u h`tnl bh`ssnqud dephky m`ls h`
hnttr`turd. Nh dst lktdr qud hd s`rmd dst rdst rdh`tnvdedlt `rbc`qud dt bklsdrv`tdur (mu j`nt
md hnskhdedlt nlsuh`nrd) dt bklstntud hcdurd `btudhhd h` h`lfud h` phus prkbcd mu h`tnl.L`leknls, nh bklvndlt m`akutdr qud hd s`rmd ` bkllu md lkeirdusds nljhudlbds hnlfunstnquds
tr`vdrs hds snbhds, p`ren hdsqudhhds hnt`hndl, hd b`t`h`l e`ns `ussn hd b`stnhh`l.
0.9. ]ypd md h`lfud
Lkus pkuvkls f`hdedlt mjnlnr h` h`lfud s`rmd dl jklbtnkl md skl typd 1 nh s`fnt muld
h`lfud jhdxnklldhhd b'dst--mnrd uld h`lfud m`ls h`qudhhd hds ekts (ku hdeeds) bc`lfdlt md
jkred sdhkl hdur r`ppkrt fr`ee`tnb`h `ux `utrds ekts md hlklb. H` jhdxnkl dst ul prkbm
ekrpckhkfnqud qun bklsnstd `akutdr h` r`bnld mul ekt mds msnldlbds dxprne`lt mds
b`tfkrnds fr`ee`tnb`hds (fdlrd, lkeird, pdrsklld) ku mds jklbtnkls sylt`xnquds (b`s). Hds
jkreds jhbcnds mds ekts sklt kitdluds dl `akut`lt mds msnldlbds ku `jjnxds jhdxnklldhs `u
r`mnb`h (qun dst hd phus skuvdlt nlv`rn`ihd). Bds msnldlbds pdredttdlt md mjnlnr hds tr`nts
fr`ee`tnb`ux pkur hds b`tfkrnds md ekts v`rn`ihds dssdltndhhdedlt pkur hd systed lkenl`h 1
fdlrd, lkeird, b`s dt pkur hd systed vdri`h 1 pdrsklld, lkeird, tdeps, ekmd, vknx.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
4/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
=
_kur nhhustrdr bds mnjjrdltds lktnkls, vknbn qudhquds dxdephds md jkreds jhbcnds dl
s`rmd 1
- eulmu-s 1 m`ls h` jkred lkenl`hd eulmus h` msnldlbd -s dxprned hd lkeird
(phurndh)
- jnhh-` 1m`ls bd ekt, h` msnldlbd -`dxprned hd fdlrd (jenlnl)
- `enf-`s1 m`ls bdt dxdephd, h` msnldlbd -`sdxprned h` jkns hd fdlrd (jenlnl) dt
hd lkeird (phurndh)
- blt-`t 1 pkur bdttd jkred vdri`hd, h` msnldlbd -`t dxprned h` jkns hd ekmd
(nlmnb`tnj), hd tdeps (prsdlt), h` pdrsklld (2edpdrsklld) dt hd lkeird (snlfuhndr).
9.
Mkllds hnlfunstnquds
9.0. Lkeird md hkbutdurs dt h`lfuds p`rhds dl R`rm`nfld
@btudhhdedlt, kl bkeptd dlvnrkl 0 9?? ??? hkbutdurs md bdttd h`lfud, prnlbnp`hdedlt
dl R`rm`nfld. H` phup`rt mds hkbutdurs sklt inhnlfuds s`rmd nt`hndl, hnt`hndl bklstntu`lt h`
h`lfud kjjnbndhhd md hhd (h` R`rm`nfld dst r`tt`bcd hNt`hnd dt dhhd dst bklsnmrd bkeed
rfnkl `utklked st`tut spbn`h). Bdpdlm`lt, sur uld pkpuh`tnkl md 0,: enhhnkl mc`int`lts
qud bkeptd h` R`rm`nfld, prs md 0,2 enhhnkl md hkbutdurs utnhnsdlt hd s`rmd bkeed h`lfud
e`tdrldhhd.
]`ihd`u rb`pntuh`tnj
B`pnt`hd 1 B`fhn`rn_kpuh`tnkl 1 0,: enhhnkl mc`int`lts (9??0)H`lfud kjjnbndhhd 1 Nt`hndlFrkupd e`akrnt`nrd 1 R`rmd (30,9%)
Frkupds enlkrnt`nrds 1 Nt`hndl, b`t`h`l, bkrsd, flknsRysted pkhntnqud 1 Yfnkl `utklked st`tut spbn`h
H` h`lfud s`rmd dst bklsnmrd bkeed uld h`lfud enlkrnt`nrd dt dhhd dst prktfd p`r h`
hkn rfnkl`hd nltntuhd _rkekznkld d v`hkrnzz`znkld mdhh` buhtur` d mdhh` hnlfu` mdhh`
R`rmdfl` (dltrd dl vnfudur hd 0dr a`lvndr 0>>3) qun hun rdbkll`t hd st`tut md h`lfud
rfnkl`hd.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
5/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
4
9.9. Z`rn`ltds mn`hdbt`hds mu s`rmd
H` R`rm`nfld sd mnvnsd dl phusndurs rfnkls e`rquds p`r mds nljhudlbds hnlfunstnquds
trs mnvdrsds. Dl j`nt, hd s`rmd ld j`nt p`s rjrdlbd uld h`lfud ulnqud e`ns `ux mnjjrdlts
mn`hdbtds p`rhs dl R`rm`nfld.
Kl mnstnlfud mdux fr`lmds v`rnts mn`hdbt`hds 1
- Hd hkfkumkr`ns1 p`rh surtkut m`ls hd lkrm md hhd dt mnvns f`hdedlt dl trkns `utrds
mn`hdbtds 1 hd sdptdltrnkl`h, hd hkfkumkr`ns bdltr`h (ku lukr`ns) dt hd hkfkumkr`ns
bkeeul.
- Hd b`epnm`l`ns 1 p`rh m`ls h` p`rtnd sum md hhd dt qun pkrtd hnljhudlbd md hnt`hndl.
Hd b`epnm`l`ns bkll`t f`hdedlt phusndurs v`rn`ltds 1 hd b`fhn`rnt`nl (B`fhn`rn),
hkfhn`str`ns (prkvnlbd md hKfhn`str`) dt hnfhdsndlt`ns(prkvnlbd md B`rikln`-Nfhdsn`s).
R`akutdlt bdh`, hd s`ss`r`ns (rfnkl md R`ss`rn) dt hd f`hhur`ns (lkrm-dst md hhd) trs
prkbcd mu bkrsd. @ lktdr f`hdedlt h` prsdlbd mu b`t`h`l (ulnqudedlt p`rh m`ls h` vnhhd
m@hfcdrk).
H` b`rtd bn-mdsskus nhhustrd bdttd mnvdrsnt mn`hdbt`hd 1
Hd RNH Nltdrl`tnkl`h (Rkbnt Nltdrl`tnkl`hd mdHnlfunstnqud) mnstnlfud, `u sdnl m'uld e`brk-h`lfud s`rmd(nmdltnjn`lt srm), qu`trd h`lfuds nlmnvnmudhhds 1
- B`epnm`ldsd R`rmnln`l WsrkU
-
F`hhurdsd R`rmnln`l WsmlU- Hkfumkrdsd R`rmnln`l WsrbU- R`ss`rdsd R`rmnln`l WsmbU
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
6/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
:
Bkeptd tdlu md h`iklm`lbd mds mn`hdbtds, hd s`rmd bkll`t mds prkiheds mulnt
hnlfunstnqud dt nh sd rvhd mklb mhnb`t md edttrd dl ph`bd uld lkred brntd bkeeuld bds
mn`hdbtds. Hds mn`hdbtds prnlbnp`ux, s`vknr hd hkfkumkr`nsdt hd b`epnm`l`ns, sd mnsputdlt h`
supre`tnd hnttr`nrd e`ns bdst hnt`hndl qun dst dephky bkeed h`lfud mdlsdnfldedlt, m`ls
hds mkbuedlts `menlnstr`tnjs ku dlbkrd pkur h` austnbd.
H` h`lfud s`rmd ` mklb ul st`tut hnlfunstnqud ul pdu p`rtnbuhndr punsqud hnt`hndl dst h`
sduhd h`lfud kjjnbndhhd e`ns phus md 30% md h` pkpuh`tnkl p`rhd uld mds v`rn`ltds mu s`rmd
mbrntds phus c`ut.
Nh dst lktdr qud h`iklm`lbd mds v`rn`ltds mn`hdbt`hds ` bklstntu h` prdenrd mnjjnbuht
md bd tr`v`nh, m`ls h` edsurd k lkus `vkls m bcknsnr uld mds v`rn`ltds mu s`rmd pkur r`hnsdr
lktrd mnbtnkll`nrd.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
7/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
6
BKLR]N]T]NKL MT MNB]NKLL@NYD
M`ls bdttd p`rtnd, lkus prsdltdrkls muld p`rt, hd hdxnqud qud lkus `vkls rbupr
(lkeird mdltrds dt b`tfkrnds rdprsdltds) puns, lkus lkus nltrdssdrkls h` strubturd mumnbtnkll`nrd qun sd prsdltd skus h` jkred muld i`sd md mkllds hdxnb`hd.
0. Mdsbrnptnkl mu hdxnqud
0.0. Hd rdbudnh mds mkllds
M`ls ul prdendr tdeps, lkus `vkls rbupr ul dlsdeihd md ekts `pp`rtdl`lt `u
vkb`iuh`nrd s`rmd. H` tbcd l` p`s t j`bnhd punsqud hd s`rmd dst uld h`lfud pdu mbrntd mu
pknlt md vud hnlfunstnqud. Md phus, dl bklsnmr`lt hds v`rn`ltds mn`hdbt`hds, nh sdeihd mnjjnbnhd
md mjnlnr bh`nrdedlt bd qudst h` h`lfud s`rmd .
_kur rbuprdr hds ekts `pp`rtdl`lt `u vkb`iuh`nrd, lkus lkus skeeds i`sd sur uld
fr`ee`nrd mu s`rmd rmnfd dl nt`hndl dt mnspklnihd sur Nltdrldt
(cttp1//www.eklmks`rmdfl`.ldt). Bdttd fr`ee`nrd dxphnqud hd jklbtnklldedlt md h` h`lfud
s`rmd dt phus p`rtnbuhnrdedlt md h` v`rn`ltd b`epnm`l`nsd 7 bdst pkurqukn, t`lt mkll hd pdu
md rdsskurbds mnspklnihds, lkus `vkls j`nt hd bcknx md ld mbrnrd prbnsedlt qud bdttd
v`rn`ltd mu s`rmd. Bdpdlm`lt, lkus jkurlnrkls hds qunv`hdlbds (hkrsqud lkus `vkls
hnljkre`tnkl) pkur hds `utrds v`rn`ltds md h` h`lfud.
_kur bkephtdr lks nljkre`tnkls dt dl vrnjndr hdx`btntumd, lkus `vkls f`hdedlt
utnhns ul mnbtnkll`nrd se`ltnqud euhtnhnlfud dl h`lfud s`rmd (cttp1//www.mntznkl`rnu.krf).
Hds rdbcdrbcds pduvdlt sdjjdbtudr p`rtnr mu s`rmd mnrdbtdedlt (v`rn`ltds) ku p`rtnr
m`utrds h`lfuds 1 hnt`hndl, hd jr`l`ns, h`lfh`ns ku h`hhde`lm. Bd mnbtnkll`nrd bkeprdlm
>2 ??? hdeeds dl s`rmd, 03 ??? ekts tr`munts dl nt`hndl, 03 ??? dl `lfh`ns, 06 ??? dl jr`l`nsdt >??? pkur h`hhde`lm.
Hds nljkre`tnkls rdbudnhhnds lkus klt pdrens md rbuprdr =96 hdeeds `pp`rtdl`lt `u
s`rmd b`epnm`l`ns. Lkus `vkls f`hdedlt djjdbtu mds rdbcdrbcds `jnl mkitdlnr pkur bdt
dlsdeihd md hdeeds hds tr`mubtnkls dl mdux h`lfuds bnihd s`vknr hnt`hndl dt hd jr`l`ns.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
8/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
3
0.9. B`tfkrns`tnkl mds hdeeds
@prs `vknr r`hns hd hnst`fd mds hdeeds, lkus `vkls bh`ss bds ulnts m`ls hds
mnjjrdltds b`tfkrnds fr`ee`tnb`hds dxnst`ltds. Kr, indl qud h` phup`rt md bds b`tfkrnds
skndlt bh`nrdedlt mjnlnds, lkus `vkls rdlbkltr mds mnjjnbuhts b`tfkrnsdr bdrt`nls hdeeds.
Bdst pkurqukn, pkur mds r`nskls md bkeekmnts, lkus `vkls djjdbtu mds rdfrkupdedlts pkur
bh`ssdr phus j`bnhdedlt hds ekts mu hdxnqud. @nlsn, lkus `vkls nlbhus m`ls h` b`tfkrnd
flrnqud Mtdrenl`lt hds `rtnbhds (mjnlns dt nlmjnlns) indl sr, e`ns `ussn hds `madbtnjs
pkssdssnjs dt meklstr`tnjs. Nh dl v` md eed pkur h` b`tfkrnd _rklke qun dlfhkid hds
mnjjrdlts typds md prklkes (pdrsklldhs, rdh`tnjs, meklstr`tnjs, pkssdssnjs, nlmjnlns) e`ns
`ussn bdrt`nls `madbtnjs nlmjnlns. Dl djjdt, h` phup`rt mds prklkes nlmjnlns sklt f`hdedlt mds
`madbtnjs nlmjnlns 1 p`r dxdephd dl s`rmd t`ltn (t`lt dl jr`l`ns) dst h` jkns ul `madbtnj
nlmjnln dt ul prklke nlmjnln.
Tld b`tfkrnd spbnjnqud ` t brd pkur bh`ssdr hds `madbtnjs luer`ux qun klt ul st`tut
ul pdu p`rtnbuhndr dl jr`l`ns 1 nhs pduvdlt trd tkur tkur `madbtnjs, lkes ku prklkes.
Hd t`ihd`u sunv`lt prsdltd hds mnjjrdltds b`tfkrnds mu hdxnqud qud lkus `vkls bcknsnds
md rdprsdltdr `nlsn qud hd lkeird md hdeeds bkrrdspklm`lts 1
B`tfkrnds fr`ee`tnb`hds rdprsdltds
B`tfkrnd Lkeird md hdeeds@madbtnj 0??@mvdrid 40
Bklaklbtnkl 09Mtdrenl`lt 09
Lke 099Luer`h 2:
_rpksntnkl 4_rklke 24
Zdrid 4=]kt`h =96
9. Hd mnbtnkll`nrd hdbtrklnqud ekrpcksylt`xnqud
9.0. Mjnlntnkl flr`hd
Hds mnbtnkll`nrds ekrpcksylt`xnquds hdbtrklnquds sdrvdlt rdprsdltdr jkredhhdedlt
ul hdxnqud dl `sskbn`lt bc`qud jkred jhbcnd hd hdeed (b'dst--mnrd h` jkred b`lklnqud mu
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
9/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
>
ekt) `nlsn qud mds nljkre`tnkls fr`ee`tnb`hds, jhdxnklldhhds dt vdltudhhdedlt se`ltnquds.
H` jnl`hnt md bds kutnhs t`lt md flrdr `utke`tnqudedlt hds jkreds jhbcnds p`rtnr mds
hdeeds dl mbrnv`lt mds ekmhds md jhdxnkl. _`r dxdephd, hds `madbtnjs pdtnt dt fr`lm dl
jr`l`ns klt ul ekmhd md jhdxnkl snenh`nrd punsqud h` jkred jhbcnd mu jenlnl snlfuhndr
skitndlt dl r`akut`lt ul d `u hdeed, h` jkred `u jenlnl phurndh dl `akut`lt ds dt h`
jkred `u e`sbuhnl phurndh dl `akut`lt ul s.
Dxdephd md jhdxnkl pkur pdtnt dt fr`lm
Hdeed Ekrpckhkfnd @akutdr Jkreds jhbcndspdtnt es - pdtntpdtnt ep s pdtntspdtnt js d pdtntd
pdtnt jp ds pdtntdsfr`lm es - fr`lmfr`lm ep s fr`lmsfr`lm js d fr`lmdfr`lm jp ds fr`lmds
_kur flrdr hds mnjjrdltds jkreds jhbcnds p`rtnr mul hdeed, kl rdfrkupd hds ekts
dl bh`ssds md jhdxnkls (ekts qun klt hd eed bkepkrtdedlt jhdxnklldh) dt kl s`tt`bcd
mbrnrd md e`lnrd prbnsd bds mnjjrdltds bh`ssds md jhdxnkl.
M`ls h` phup`rt mds b`s, hds mnbtnkll`nrds ekrpcksylt`xnquds sd prsdltdlt skus h` jkred
muld i`sd md mkllds nlmdxd. Hds mkllds y sklt krf`lnsds sdhkl mds brntrds prbns dt p`r
mds strubturds nljkre`tnvds spbnjnquds, md j`kl trd bklsuhtds, ensds akur dt
vdltudhhdedlt rdstrubturds.
9.9. Rtrubturd mu mnbtnkll`nrd
_kur r`hnsdr lktrd mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud md h` h`lfud s`rmd, lkus lkus
skeeds nlspnrd mul ekmhd md i`sd md mkllds dxnst`lt 1 9???-ekrpckhkfnd.emi (i`sd
brd `vdb hd hkfnbndh @bbdss).
Bkeed h` e`akrnt mds mnbtnkll`nrds, lktrd mnbtnkll`nrd prsdltd hds b`r`btrnstnquds
prnlbnp`hds sunv`ltds 1
- uld hnstd md hdeeds 7
-
mds bkmds `hpc`luernquds 7
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
10/23
E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
0?
- mds kpr`tnkls djjdbtudr sur hds hdeeds pkur kitdlnr hds jkreds jhbcnds, `sskbnds md
j`kl ulnvkqud `ux bkmds `hpc`luernquds.
`) Ekmhd rdh`tnklldh
H` bklbdptnkl muld i`sd md mkllds p`ssd p`r uld pc`sd md ekmhns`tnkl qun pdredt
mdxphnbntdr hds mkllds bkltdluds m`ls hds mnjjrdltds t`ihds. Dl bd qun bklbdrld h` i`sd md
mkllds qud lkus utnhnskls, dhhd dephknd hd ekmhd rdh`tnklldh (rdh`tnkls dltrd hds t`ihds) pkur
strubturdr hds dltrds.
H` bkpnd mbr`l bn-mdsskus prsdltd h` strubturd mds mkllds dt hds rdh`tnkls dltrd hds
t`ihds md h` i`sd.
i) Hds t`ihds
Lktrd mnbtnkll`nrd hdbtrklnqud sd bkepksd md trkns t`ihds 1
H` t`ihd mds i`sdsqun `sskbnd bc`qud hdeed ul ekmhd md jhdxnkl, nmdltnjn p`r ul
bkmd `hpc`luernqud (bd qud lkus lkeeklsEkmhdm`ls h` i`sd md mkllds)H` t`ihd mds ekmhds qun mjnlnt hds kpr`tnkls (Dlhdvdrdt @akutdr) djjdbtudr p`rtnr
md h` jkred b`lklnqud mu ekt, md j`kl kitdlnr hds jkreds jhbcnds.
H` t`ihd mds tr`mubtnkls (qud lkus `vkls r`akutd h` i`sd 9???-ekrpckhkfnd.emi)
qun prkpksd pkur bc`qud hdeed dl s`rmd hds `utrds v`rn`ltds mn`hdbt`hds `nlsn qud h`
tr`mubtnkl mds hdeeds dl mdux h`lfuds bnihd 1 hnt`hndl dt hd jr`l`ns.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
00
Tl sduh bkmd `hpc`luernqud (Ekmhd), pdut mbrnrd hd bkepkrtdedlt md phusndurs
ulnts hdxnb`hds dt pdut trd `ssnfl mds dlsdeihds md hdeeds `y`lt hds eeds
b`r`btrnstnquds ekrpckhkfnquds.
_rdlkls pkur dxdephd hds `madbtnjs s`rmds sunv`lts 1
- pntbu
- mnhnbu
- hinu
Zknbn h` e`lnrd mklt nhs sklt rdprsdlts m`ls hd mnbtnkll`nrd 1
]`ihd mds tr`mubtnkls
I`sd Z`rn`ltds ]r`mubtnkl Nt`hndl ]r`mubtnkl Jr`l`nspntbu pnbnbu, pntnu, pntznbu pbbkhk pdtnthinu hpnu, hvnu hdffrk hfdrmnhnbu mdhnbmu, mdhnb`u, mninb`u, mnhnb`mu mdhnb`tk mhnb`t
]`ihds mds i`sds
I`sd B`t Rkus-b`t Ekmhdpntbu `madbtnj qu`hnjnb`tnj @ma?0hinu `madbtnj qu`hnjnb`tnj @ma?0
mnhnbu `madbtnj qu`hnjnb`tnj @ma?9
]`ihds mds ekmhds
Ekmhd B`t Ekrpck Dlhdvdr @akutdr@ma?0 `madbtnj es - -@ma?0 `madbtnj ep - s@ma?0 `madbtnj js u `@ma?0 `madbtnj jp u `s@ma?9 `madbtnj es - -
@ma?9 `madbtnj ep - s@ma?9 `madbtnj js u `m`@ma?9 `madbtnj ep u `m`s
Hds `madbtnjs pntbu dt hinu klt hd eed ekmhd bkm @ma?0 b`r nhs klt hds
eeds b`r`btrnstnquds jhdxnklldhhds. Hds kpr`tnkls djjdbtudr pkur `vknr hds jkreds jhbcnds
pduvdlt sd rsuedr `nlsn 1
es(e`sbuhnl snlfuhndr) 1 Dlhdvdr ?hdttrd `u hdeed / @akutdr ?hdttrd
ep(e`sbuhnl phurndh) 1 Dlhdvdr ?hdttrd `u hdeed / @akutdr 0hdttrd 1 R
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
09
js (jenlnl snlfuhndr) 1 Dlhdvdr 0hdttrd `u hdeed 1 T/ @akutdr @
jp(jenlnl phurndh) 1 Dlhdvdr 0hdttrd `u hdeed 1 T/ @akutdr @R
Dl rdv`lbcd pkur h`madbtnj mnhnbu hd ekmhd md jhdxnkl dst mnjjrdlt (bkm @ma?9)
b`r nh l` p`s hds eeds b`r`btrnstnquds ekrpckhkfnquds qud hds mdux `utrds `madbtnjs 1
es(e`sbuhnl snlfuhndr) 1 Dlhdvdr ?hdttrd `u hdeed / @akutdr ?hdttrd
ep(e`sbuhnl phurndh) 1 Dlhdvdr ?hdttrd `u hdeed / @akutdr 0hdttrd 1 R
js (jenlnl snlfuhndr) 1 Dlhdvdr9hdttrds `u hdeed 1 @T/ @akutdr 2hdttrds 1 @M@
jp (jenlnl phurndh) 1 Dlhdvdr 9hdttrds `u hdeed 1 @T/ @akutdr =hdttrds 1 @M@R
Kl pdut f`hdedlt rde`rqudr qud bc`qud dltrd md h` t`ihd I`sd bkrrdspklm uld
dltrd m`ls h` t`ihd ]r`mubtnkls 1 pkur bc`qud hdeed kl jkurlnt hds `utrds v`rn`ltds mu hdeed(dl s`rmd), h` tr`mubtnkl dl nt`hndl dt bdhhd dl jr`l`ns.
b) Hds rdqutds
Hds rdqutds sdrvdlt dl qudhqud skrtd nltdrrkfdr h` i`sd md mkllds b`r dhhds
pdredttdlt md trndr, md shdbtnklldr dt mdxtr`nrd mds nljkre`tnkls pdrtnldltds. Hnltrt
prnlbnp`h mds rdqutds rsnmd m`ls hd j`nt qudhhds pduvdlt s`pphnqudr phusndurs t`ihds dt qudhkl pdut dlsuntd brdr uld lkuvdhhd t`ihd p`rtnr mds rsuht`ts kitdlus.
Lktrd i`sd md mkllds dl bkeprdlm phusndurs 1
Ydqutd Jkreds 1 nh s`fnt muld rdqutd (md typd shdbtnkl) qun pdredt m`jjnbcdr hds
jkreds jhbcnds bkrrdspklm`lt bc`qud hdeed dltr m`ls hd mnbtnkll`nrd.
Ydqutd ]r`mubtnkls 1 qun pdredt m`jjnbcdr hds v`rn`ltds, h` tr`mubtnkl dl nt`hndl dt h`
tr`mubtnkl dl jr`l`ns hkrsqud hkl t`pd ul ekt dl s`rmd m`ls h` iktd md mn`hkfud.Ydqutd Ydbkll`nss`lbd1 dst uld rdqutd md p`r`etrds 1 dl t`p`lt uld jkred
hdee`tnsd ku uld jkred jhbcnd m`ls uld iktd md mn`hkfud, kl kitndlt hds b`r`btrnstnquds
ekrpckhkfnquds bkrrdspklm`ltds (hdeed, ekmhd, h` b`tfkrnd)
Ydqutd]`ffdr 1pdredt m`jjnbcdr htnqudttd qun bkrrdspklm ul hdeed qud hkl t`pd
m`ls h` t`ihd ]dxtd.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
02
JKLB]NKLLDEDL] MD H@ H@LFTD R@YMD
Nh ld s`fnt p`s m`ls bdttd p`rtnd md j`nrd uld mdsbrnptnkl mt`nhhd dt dxc`ustnvd md h`
fr`ee`nrd s`rmd e`ns md edttrd dl vnmdlbd bdrt`nlds mds b`r`btrnstnquds md h` h`lfud dl
tdred md jhdxnkls. Nh dst lktdr qud lkus lkus nltrdsskls ulnqudedlt h` jhdxnkl (v`rn`tnkls
dl fdlrd dt dl lkeird dt bklauf`nskls mds vdrids) dt lkl h` mrnv`tnkl 1 prkbms
m`jjnx`tnkl qun pdredttdlt mkitdlnr mds jkreds mrnvds p`rtnr muld jkred ma jhbcnd.
_`r dxdephd, h`mvdrid md ekmd dl s`rmd skitndlt dl utnhns`lt h`madbtnj `u jenlnl
snlfuhndr dt dl y `akut`lt hd sujjnxd -edltn1
`e`rfk(`madbtnj, es)`e`rf`(`madbtnj, js)`e`rf edltn(`mvdrid)
snfurk(`madbtnj, es)snfur` (`madbtnj, js)snfur edltn(`mvdrid)
M`ls ul prdendr tdeps, lkus prsdltdrkls hds mnjjrdltds b`tfkrnds qud lkus `hhkls
tr`ntdr puns lkus mbrnrkls hds mnjjrdlts ekmhds md jhdxnkl prkprds bc`qud b`tfkrnd, dl
dxphnqu`lt f`hdedlt hds mnjjnbuhts qud lkus `vkls rdlbkltrds.
0.
Hds b`tfkrnds fr`ee`tnb`hds
0.0. B`tfkrnds v`rn`ihds dt nlv`rn`ihds
Bkeed hd jr`l`ns, hd s`rmd bkeptd lduj b`tfkrnds md ekts 1 bnlq v`rn`ihds, dt qu`trd
nlv`rn`ihds.
4 b`tfkrnds v`rn`ihds 1
-
Lke- @rtnbhd
- @madbtnj
- _rklke
- Zdrid
= b`tfkrnds nlv`rn`ihds 1
- @mvdrid
- _rpksntnkl
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
0=
- Bklaklbtnkl
- Nltdradbtnkl (qun ld j`nt p`s p`rtnd mu mnbtnkll`nrd)
Indl qud bdrt`nlds b`tfkrnds skndlt v`rn`ihds bkeed h`rtnbhd mjnln (mtdrenl`lt), hd
prklke ku dlbkrd hd vdrid lkus l`vkls p`s tkuakurs t dl edsurd mt`ihnr mds ekmhds md
jhdxnkls pkur bds ulnts. M`ls bd qun sunt, lkus prkpkskls md mbrnrd hds ekmhds md jhdxnkls
pkur hds lkes, hds `madbtnjs qu`hnjnb`tnjs dt pkur hds mtdrenl`lts. Lkus `ikrmdrkls l`leknls
hds `utrds b`tfkrnds dl dxphnqu`lt hds prkiheds rdlbkltrs.
0.9. ]`ihd`u mds jhdxnkls
Hd t`ihd`u qun sunt prsdltd pkur bc`qud b`tfkrnd md ekt, hd lkeird mdltrds dt hd
lkeird md jhdxnkls. @nlsn kl pdut bklst`tdr qud h`madbtnj, hd lke dt hd vdrid sklt hds
b`tfkrnds qun bkeptdlt hd phus md jkreds jhbcnds.
B`tfkrnd Lkeird md hdeeds Lkeird md jhdxnkls@madbtnj 0?? =??@mvdrid 40 40
Bklaklbtnkl 09 09
Mtdrenl`lt 09 2:Lke 099 963
Luer`h 2: 2:_rpksntnkl 4 4
_rklke 24 24Zdrid 4= 09=9]kt`h =96 9?>4
9. B`r`btrnstnquds md h` jhdxnkl mu s`rmd
Lkus lkus nltrdssdrkls, m`ls bd qun sunt, `ux b`tfkrnds md ekts v`rn`ihds dl mbrnv`lt
hds ekmhds md jhdxnkl qud lkus `vkls mf`fs frbd lks kisdrv`tnkls.
9.0. H` jhdxnkl lkenl`hd
Lktrd mnbtnkll`nrd rpdrtkrnd 099 lkes qud lkus pkuvkls rp`rtnr sdhkl mnjjrdlts
ekmhds md jhdxnkl. _kur mjnlnr bds ekmhds, lkus `vkls kisdrv hds tdrenl`nskls md bc`qud
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
04
dltrd lkenl`hd mu mnbtnkll`nrd dt lkus lkus skeeds i`sd sur h` fr`ee`nrd mu s`rmd
prsdltd phus c`ut (bj. bc`pntrd 9, 0-0.01 Ydbudnh mds mkllds). Lkus `vkls `nlsn mf`f 09
ekmhds md jhdxnkls mnjjrdlts qud lkus rsuekls m`ls hd t`ihd`u sunv`lt 1
Ekmhd ]drenl`nskl Fdlrd DxdephdsKpr`tnkls sur hds hdeeds
Ekrpck Dlhdvdr @akutdr
L?0 -@ Jenlnl ii`, ib`, ei`jsjp s
L?9 -T E`sbuhnl iiiu, iltu, ruesep s
L?2 -T E`sbuhnl jhhu, pnpu, tntu
esep sjs u `jp u `s
L?=-@ E`sbuhnl `rtnst`, tde`, pr` es
ep s
L?4 -N E`sbuhnlJurnstrn, prkjdssrn,
idlmnmkrn
esep sjs n `jp n `s
L?: -N E`sbuhnl bln, jhkrn, jrmnesep s
L?6 -N Jenlnlhnidrt`mn, euhhrn,
`rrdxkln
jsjp s
L3 -@T E`sbuhnl bkll`u,skrm`u
esep sjs u `m`jp u `m`s
L?> sbkh`lu E`sbuhnl sbkh`lu
esep sbkh`lu nsbkh`lujs u `jp sbkh`lu nsbkh`l`s
L0? sbh` Jenlnl sbh`jsjp sbh` nsbkh`s
L00 spsu spsu
esep spsu nspksusjs u `jp spsu nspks`s
L09 -R E`sbuhnl bkrpus, mdus, tdepuses
ep
Hds suist`ltnjs dl s`rmd b`epnm`l`ns, klt trkns tdrenl`nskls pkssnihds 1 -@, -T, -N. Hds
lkes qun sd tdrenldlt p`r -@ sklt dl flr`h jenlnls (ekmhd L?0). Bdpdlm`lt, qudhquds
lkes jklt dxbdptnkl h` rfhd 1 bdux qun sd tdrenldlt dl -E@, -@YB@, -N@]Y@, -NR]@, -]@,
-_@, -D]Y@ qun sklt md fdlrd e`sbuhnl. Bdst pkurqukn, lkus `vkls brd ul ekmhd mdjhdxnkl spbnjnqud bds lkes (ekmhd L?=).
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
0:
Hds lkes qun sd tdrenldlt dl -T, sklt dl e`adurd p`rtnd, e`sbuhnls. Lkus pkuvkls
mnstnlfudr hds lkes qun s`bbkrmdlt ulnqudedlt dl lkeird (mdux jhdxnkls pkssnihds) qun sklt
rdfrkups m`ls hd ekmhd L?9 dt bdux qun s`bbkrmdlt h` jkns dl fdlrd dt dl lkeird dt qun
sklt bh`sss m`ls hd ekmhd L?2.
_`ren hds tdrenl`nskls pkssnihds, hds lkes qun jnlnssdlt p`r -N pduvdlt trd sknt
e`sbuhnls sknt jenlnls. Bdpdlm`lt, lkus pkuvkls kisdrvdr qudhquds rfuh`rnts qun
pdredttdlt md mnstnlfudr qudh fdlrd `pp`rtndlt hd lke. @nlsn, hds lkes qun pkssmdlt hds
tdrenl`nskls sunv`ltds 1 -DYN, -@MKYN, -NMKYN, -KYN, KLN sklt e`sbuhnls dt s`bbkrmdlt dl
fdlrd dt dl lkeird (ekmhd L?4). Bdst hd b`s p`r dxdephd mds ekts esnf`ltn, tr`ntrnku
dlbkrd mktkrn.
@vdb h` eed tdrenl`nskl dl -N, lkus `vkls hds lkes qun sd tdrenldlt dl -TLN, -NLN, -@HN
qun sklt md fdlrd e`sbuhnl (mdux jhdxnkls pkssnihds) qun `pp`rtndlldlt `u ekmhd L?: bkeed
bln, jenlndt bdux qun sd tdrenldlt dl -@MN, -TMN, -S + vkydhhd + -LN qun sklt jenlnls tdhs
qud b`ltnm`mn, `rrdxkln,akvultumn(ekmhd L?6).
Lkus `vkls brd ul `utrd ekmhd (L?3) pkur hds lkes e`sbuhnl dl -@T pkur hdsqudhs
h`bbkrm dl fdlrd dst mnjjrdlt 1 hd jenlnl dst dl -@M@ bkeed p`r dxdephd m`ls hd ekt
bkll`uqun sd bc`lfd dl bkll`m` `u jenlnl.
Hds ekmhds md jhdxnkls L?>, L0? dt L00 sklt mds ekmhds ul pdu p`rtnbuhndrs b`r nhs
bkrrdspklmdlt uld ulnqud dltrd m`ls hd mnbtnkll`nrd. Nhs jklt rjrdlbd `ux suist`ltnjs qun
bkeedlbdlt p`r R- sunvns muld bklsklld mklt hd phurndh sd jkred dl `akut`lt hd prjnxd N- dt
h` e`rqud mu phurndh c`intudhhd b'dst--mnrd -R. _`r dxdephd, hd ekt sbkh`sd bc`lfd dl nsbkh`s
`u phurndh. Hd prkihed vndlt mu j`nt qunh ldst p`s pkssnihd m`ls lktrd i`sd m`akutdr ul
hedlt `v`lt hd r`mnb`h. H` sduhd skhutnkl ` mklb t mdlhdvdr hd ekt dltndr md mp`rt dt md hd
rdeph`bdr nltfr`hdedlt p`r s` jkred jhbcnd (`u phurndh sduhdedlt). Hd ekmhd br ld
pkuv`lt s`pphnqudr qu ul ekt h` jkns (kl supprned hd ekt mklt nh dst qudstnkl pkur hd
rdeph`bdr p`r skl qunv`hdlt jhbcn), lkus `vkls t bkltr`nlt md brdr ul ekmhd pkur bc`bul
mds ekts prsdlt`lt bdttd p`rtnbuh`rnt 1
L?>sbkh`lunsbkh`lusnsbkh`l`s
L0?sbh`nsbkh`s
L00spsunspksusnspks`s
Hd mdrlndr ekmhd L09 j`nt rjrdlbd `u lkes qun sd b`r`btrnsdlt p`r hd e`nltndl mu R
h`tnl dl jnl`hd md ekt dt qun bklsdrvdlt h` eed jkred `u phurndh 1 bkrpus, mdus,jrnus, tdepus.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
06
9.9. H` jhdxnkl md h`madbtnj qu`hnjnb`tnj
Dl bd qun bklbdrld hds `madbtnjs, lkus lkus skeeds sduhdedlt nltrdssd h` jhdxnkl
mds `madbtnjs qu`hnjnb`tnjs b`r, bkeed lkus h`vkls dxphnqu prbmdeedlt, lkus `vkls j`nt hd
bcknx md rdfrkupdr hds `utrds typds m`madbtnjs (pkssdssnjs dt meklstr`tnjs) m`ls h` b`tfkrnd
mds mtdrenl`lts dt mklt lkus jdrkls h` mdsbrnptnkl m`ls hds p`fds sunv`ltds.
Ekmhd ]drenl`nskl Fdlrd DxdephdsKpr`tnkls sur hds hdeeds
Ekrpck Dlhdvdr @akutdr
@MA?0 -T E`sbuhnl ilu, h`lau, liu
esepjs u `
jp u `s
@MA?9 -N E`sbuhnl `rstn,brudhn,jnln
esep sjsjp s
@MA?2 -@T E`sbuhnlmnhnbu, ,spkhhu,
tkstu
esep sjs u `m`jp u `m`s
@MA?=
-N
E`sbuhnl
j`nlrn, nepn`strn,
e`fnrn
esep s
js n `jp n `s
t`ihnrmds ekmhds md jhdxnkl pkur hds `madbtnjs ld lkus ` p`s pks trkp md mnjjnbuhts
m`ls h` edsurd k hds e`rqudurs jhdxnklldhs mds `madbtnjs sklt qu`snedlt hds eeds qud pkur
hds lkes. @nlsn, lkus `vkls pu mf`fdr qu`trd ekmhds md jhdxnkls pkur bdttd b`tfkrnd. Hd
ekmhd @ma?0 j`nt rjrdlbd `ux `madbtnjs mklt h` jnl`hd dst -T dt qun s`bbkrmdlt dl fdlrd dt
dl lkeird 1
- ilu(es)ilus(ep)il`(js)il`s(jp)
Hds `madbtnjs `pp`rtdl`lt `u mduxned ekmhd (@ma?9) klt h` p`rtnbuh`rnt m`vknr h`
eed jkred `u e`sbuhnl dt `u jenlnl, bdst hd bkltdxtd qun pdredt md mjnlnr hd fdlrd md
h`madbtnj 1
- ulkenln rdstnul` jenl` `rdstn
Bkeed pkur hds lkes, hd jenlnl mds `madbtnjs qun sd tdrenldlt dl -@T dst -@M@. Bds
`madbtnjs rdlvkndlt `u ekmhd @ma?2 1
- prdxu (es)prdxus(ep)prdx`m (js)prdx`m`s(jp)
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
03
Dljnl, ul mdrlndr ekmhd @ma?=, bkrrdspklm `ux `madbtnjs sd tdrenl`lt dl -DYN, -KLN, -
KYN dt qun s`bbkrmdlt dl fdlrd dt dl lkeird 1
- nepn`strn(es)nepn`strns(ep)nepn`str` (js)nepn`str`s(jp)
- enlrn(es)enlrns(ep)enlr`(js)enlr`s(jp)
9.2. H` jhdxnkl mds mtdrenl`lts
Hds mtdrenl`lts rdprsdltdlt uld bh`ssd flrnqud pdredtt`lt md r`ssdeihdr phusndurs
typds mulnts bkeed hds `rtnbhds (mjnlns dt nlmjnlns), hds `madbtnjs pkssdssnjs dt hds `madbtnjs
meklstr`tnjs. Dl dx`enl`lt hds mnjjrdlts mtdrenl`lts, lkus `vkls bklst`t qunh lt`nt p`s
pkssnihd md prkpksdr ul ekmhd md jhdxnkl pkur hds `rtnbhds mjnlns 1 su, s`, ns (hd, h`, hdsdl
jr`l`ns). Dl djjdt, h` jkred mu phurndh skitndlt dl `akut`lt ul N- dl miut md ekt dt lkus
`vkls vu prbmdeedlt qud lkus ld pkuvnkls p`s `akutdr md prjnxds ul r`mnb`h e`ns
sduhdedlt mds msnldlbds. Md phus, pdut-kl bklsnmrdr s bkeed t`lt h` i`sd
ekrpckhkfnqud mds `rtnbhds mjnlns ; _kur bds r`nskls, dt indl qud bds ulnts pkssmdlt mds
v`rn`tnkls dl fdlrd dt dl lkeird, lkus hdur `vkls `pphnqu ul ekmhd bc`buld. @nlsn, hd
ekmhd Mdt?0 j`nt rjrdlbd su(`rtnbhd mjnln e`sbuhnl snlfuhndr), Mdt?9 rdlvknd s`(`rtnbhd
mjnln jenlnl snlfuhndr) dt Mdt?2 s`pphnqud ns(`rtnbhd mjnln e`sbuhnl/jenlnl phurndh).
Dl rdv`lbcd, hds `utrds mtdrenl`lts, s`vknr hds `madbtnjs pkssdssnjs dt meklstr`tnjs
e`ns `ussn hds `rtnbhds nlmjnlns, pkssmdlt mds b`r`btrnstnquds jhdxnklldhhds `l`hkfuds dt nh dst
pkssnihd md hdur `pphnqudr ul ekmhd bkeeul (Mdt?=) 1
- @rtnbhd nlmjnln 1 lulusl`l`s
- @madbtnj pkssdssnj 1 tutust`t`s
- @madbtnj meklstr`tnj 1 bstubstusbst`bst`s
Rduh h`madbtnj pkssdssnj nlsruld pkssmd p`s md jkred jhbcnd bdst pkurqukn lkus hun
`vkls `pphnqu hd ekmhd Mdt?4.
Ekmhd ]drenl`nskl Fdlrd DxdephdsKpr`tnkls sur hds hdeeds
Ekrpck Dlhdvdr @akutdr
MD]?0 RT E`sbuhnl esMD]?9 R@ Jenlnl jsMD]?2 NR E`sbuhnl / Jenlnl ep/jp
MD]?= -T E`sbuhnleu, lstu,
bssu
esep sjs u `
jp u `sMD]?4 NLRKYT E`sbuhnl / Jenlnl es/js
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
0>
9.=. H` jhdxnkl mds vdrids
Dl flr`h, bd qun b`r`btrnsd hd vdrid dst h` rnbcdssd md s` bklauf`nskl. Dl djjdt, nh v`rnd
dl fdlrd dt dl lkeird k nh sd bklaufud h`nmd mds prklkes pdrsklldhs `tklds suadts e`ns
`ussn dl jklbtnkl mds bklauf`nskls (`ux mnjjrdlts tdeps dt ekmds). Hd s`rmd bkeptd qu`trd
ekmds 1 hnlmnb`tnj, hd suiaklbtnj, hnepr`tnj dt hd bklmntnklldh.
H` h`lfud s`rmd bkeptd trkns `uxnhn`nrds 1 `n (`vknr), dssn (trd) dt tdlln (`vknr m`ls hd
sdls md pkssmdr). Dhhd pkssmd f`hdedlt trkns bklauf`nskls rfuhnrds 1 h` msnldlbd md
hnljnlntnj pkur h` prdenrd bklauf`nskl t`lt -@N, -N pkur h` sdbklmd dt -NYN pkur h` trknsned.
H` sdbklmd bklauf`nskl bkepkrtd uld euhtntumd md skus-bh`ssds qun sd mnstnlfudlt sdhkl
h` jkred mu p`rtnbnpd p`ss 1
Rkus-bh`ssd _`rtnbnpd p`ss
-NEN NENT-DRRN DRRNT-TRN TRNT-TMN TMNT
-DLMN DLMNT-DMN DMNT-N]N N]NT-FN AT
-TMN TMNT
_kur nhhustrdr hds mnjjrdltds bklauf`nskls rfuhnrds, kl pdut mklldr ul dxdephd `vdb
hds vdrids b`lt`n(bc`ltdr), tnen(br`nlmrd) dtp`rtnrn(p`rtnr) `u prsdlt md hnlmnb`tnj 1
B`lt`n ]nen _`rtnrn
b`ltu tneu p`rtub`lt`s tnens p`rtnsb`ltt tnent p`rtnt
b`lt`us tnedus p`rtdusb`lt`ns tnedns p`rtdnsblt`lt tnenlt p`rtnlt
Nh sdeihd vnmdlt md pkuvknr t`ihnr mds rkutnlds jhdxnklldhhds pkur hds bklauf`nskls
rfuhnrds. Bdpdlm`lt, h` jkre`tnkl md bdrt`nls tdeps ld lkus pdredt p`s mt`ihnr mds
ekmhds md jhdxnkls pkur hds vdrids. _`r dxdephd, hd jutur snephd dst jkre md h`uxnhn`nrd `n
sunvn md h` prpksntnkl `sunvnd md hnljnlntnj mu vdrid 1
- `p ` b`lt`n(ad bc`ltdr`n)
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
9?
Bkeed bc`qud nljnlntnj dst mnjjrdlt mul vdrid h`utrd, lkus ld pkuvkls p`s t`ihnr
md ekmhds md jhdxnkls pkur hds vdrids. Lkus rdlbkltrkls mklb hd eed prkihed qud pkur
hds lkes bd qun lkus bkltr`nlt `ssnfldr bc`qud vdrid ul ekmhd md jhdxnkl ulnqud.
Lkus `vkls mklb 4= ekmhds md jhdxnkls pkur bc`qud vdrid mu mnbtnkll`nrd. _kur bd qun
dst md h` bklauf`nskl, lkus mkllkls h` bklauf`nskl mds vdrids pkur hnlmnb`tnj (prsdlt,
nep`rj`nt, jutur dt hds mnjjrdltds jkreds mu p`rtnbnpd p`ss).
9.4. Hd prklke
H` b`tfkrnd mds prklkes rdfrkupd hds prklkes pdrsklldhs, rdh`tnjs, nlmjnlns,
meklstr`tnjs dt pkssdssnjs. Bdttd b`tfkrnd dst trs v`rn`ihd, bdst lkt`eedlt hd b`s p`r
dxdephd mds prklkes pdrsklldhs suadts 1
- mdu, tun, nssu, lksu, iks`trus, nssus
Bkeptd tdlu md bdttd v`rn`inhnt, lkus `vkls prjr `pphnqudr ul ekmhd md jhdxnkl
pkur bc`buld mds dltrds.
Lkus `vkls pu rde`rqudr tkut `u hklf md bd tr`v`nh, qud hds mnjjnbuhts sklt nlcrdltds
h` br`tnkl mds mnbtnkll`nrds ekrpcksylt`xnquds.
_`r dxdephd, lktrd i`sd md mkllds ld s`pphnqud p`s h`maklbtnkl md prjnxds. Dl
djjdt nh ldst p`s pkssnihd m`ls skl t`t `btudh m`akutdr mds prjnxds. Nh j`umr`nt brdr m`utrds
kpr`tdurs qud dlhdvdr dt `akutdr p`rtnr md h` jnl mu ekt. Bdttd `ehnkr`tnkl
pdredttr`nt md pkuvknr ekmnjndr uld dltrd s`ls `vknr h` supprnedr nltfr`hdedlt pkur h`
rdeph`bdr p`r s` jkred jhbcnd mklt sduh hd miut mu hdeed dst ekmnjn.
_`r `nhhdurs, nh ldst `iskhuedlt p`s vnmdlt md b`hbuhdr h` i`sd `mqu`td mu hdeed. Dl
djjdt, hkrsqukl utnhnsd hds prnlbnpds md h` ekrpckhkfnd jhdxnklldhhd pkur flrdr
`utke`tnqudedlt hds mnjjrdltds jkreds m'ul ekt, bdh` ld sd rsued p`s `bbkhdr mds sujjnxds
h` jkred b`lklnqud mul ekt. Lkus pkuvkls prdlmrd hdxdephd dl jr`l`ns k pkur prkmunrd
h` jkred jenlnl snlfuhndr md tr`mubtdur, nh dst lbdss`nrd md b`hbuhdr h` i`sd`mqu`td (n.d.
"tr`mub-") dt md hun `sskbndr p`r h` suntd h` jhdxnkl jenlnl bklvdl`ihd (n.d. "-trnbd"). Dl
bklsqudlbd, h` pc`sd md flr`tnkl ekrpckhkfnqud sd mrkuhd dl mdux p`rtnds jklm`edlt`hds
indl mnstnlbtds, s`vknr, hd b`hbuh md h` i`sd dt bdhun mds jhdxnkls `pprkprnds.
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
90
BKLBHTRNKL
Hd tr`v`nh r`hns pkur bd prkadt ` pdrens md edttrd dl ph`bd ul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpck-
sylt`xnqud pkur uld mds v`rn`ltds md h` h`lfud s`rmd 1 hd b`epnm`l`ns. Bkeed lkus h`vklsdxpks prbmdeedlt, h` h`lfud s`rmd (qudhqud sknt h` v`rn`ltd tumnd) skujjrd mul e`lqud
md mdsbrnptnkl hnlfunstnqud jh`fr`lt. H` mkbuedlt`tnkl utnhnsd l` mklb t qud trs j`nihd mu
j`nt md h` r`rdt mds rdsskurbds dxnst`ltds.
_`r `nhhdurs, kutrd hds mnvdrs prkiheds pkss p`r h` ensd dl uvrd mu mnbtnkll`nrd, h`
prdenrd mnjjnbuht dst vdlud md h` mnsp`rnt mds v`rn`ltds md h` h`lfud. Dl djjdt, lkus `vkls
t bkljrklt ul prdendr prkihed tckrnqud qu`lt `u bcknx md h` v`rn`ltd tumndr.
Hd rdbkurs uld i`sd md mkllds t`nt md hknl hd ekydl hd phus djjnb`bd e`hfr hds
bkltr`nltds qudhhd nepksd (p`r dxdephd pkur h` s`nsnd mds mkllds). Bdpdlm`lt lkus `vkls pu
bklst`tdr p`r hds mnjjnbuhts qud lkus `vkls rdlbkltrds, qud h` strubturd md lktrd i`sd pkuv`nt
pksdr mds prkiheds (kpr`tdurs pdredtt`lt m`akutdr mds prjnxds).
Bd mnbtnkll`nrd ld prtdlm vnmdeedlt p`s trd dxc`ustnj e`ns kjjrd ma uld prdenrd
i`sd md tr`v`nh nltrdss`ltd pkur mds tumds uhtrndurds sur bdttd v`rn`ltd md h` h`lfud, dt md
j`kl phus flr`hd pkur hdlsdeihd mds v`rn`ltds mu s`rmd. Nh pkurr`nt lkt`eedlt trd
nltrdss`lt mdlrnbcnr md lkuvdhhds dltrds dt md jkurlnr uld b`r`btrns`tnkl vdri`hd phus
prbnsd mds hdeeds. Tld `utrd pc`sd m`ehnkr`tnkl sdr`nt md pkuvknr `btu`hnsdr bd
mnbtnkll`nrd dl hd rdlm`lt euhtnhnlfud (dl nltfr`lt mds h`lfuds supphedlt`nrds).
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
99
RN]KFY@_CND
MKBTEDL]R DL HNFLD (`rtnbhds dt tcsds)1
IH@LB K., BKLR]@L] E., R@R]YD A., Nltdrj`bd hdxnqud-fr`ee`nrd dt hdxnqudssylt`xnquds dt se`ltnquds
cttp1//www.`t`h`.krf/mkb/AD[?4?209/Hdxsylt-Ih`lb.pmj
BKTY]KNR I., Iuts dt etckmds md hh`ikr`tnkl mds mnbtnkll`nrds hdbtrklnquds mu H@MH
JY@LBK_KTHK F. (9??2), _rkpksntnkl md lkred mds hdxnquds pkur hd tr`ntdedlt`utke`tnqud mu h`lf`fd
cttp1//p`unhh`b.nlrn`.jr/`tkhh/YLNH/]B26RB=-mkbs/L?6.pmj
EKL]DHDKLD E. (9??2), Hdxnbkfr`pcnd dt mnbtnkll`nrds hdbtrklnqudscttp1//nfe.ulnv-ehv.jr/H`iNljk/tcdsds/9??2/ekltdhdkld.pmj
ZDYKLNR A., GCKTYN H.,Dtnqudt`fd fr`ee tnb`h euhtnhnlfud 1 hd prkadt euhtdxtcttp1//`uld.hph.ulnv-`nx.jr/prkadbts/euhtdxt/HDS/HDS9[0.cteh
HNDLR RTY H@ H@LFTD R@YMD 1
Mkllds fkfr`pcnquds, mek-hnlfunstnquds, st`tut hnlfunstnqud md h` h`lfud s`rmdcttp1//www.thjq.uh`v`h.b`/`xh/durkpd/nt`hnds`rm`nfld.cte
@rtnbhd sur h` h`lfud s`rmd (Dlbybhkpmnd Vngnpmn`) 1 @spdbts hnlfunstnquds (pckltnqud,ekrpckhkfnd, sylt`xd) dt `spdbts skbnk-hnlfunstnqudscttp1//jr.wngnpdmn`.krf/wngn/R`rmd
H` h`lfud s`rmd 1H` hnlfu` s`rm`1 prsdlt`tnkl md h` h`lfud md h` fr`ee`nrd dt md bdrt`nls `spdbtshnlfunstnquds (pkssninhnt md thbc`rfdr uld fr`ee`nrd bkephtd mu s`rmd `u jkre`t _MJ dlnt`hndl)cttp1//www.eklmks`rmdfl`.ldt/hnlfu`s`rm`/hnlfu`s`rm`.cte
@spdbts md h` hnttr`turd s`rmdcttp1//yvds.i`rlkux.jrdd.jr/s`rmd/hnttdr`turd.cte
Mntznklrnu md s` hnei` s`rm`(`utdur E`rnk _ummu)1 Mnbtnkll`nrd se`ltnqud euhtnhnlfud dlh`lfud s`rmd. Hds rdbcdrbcds pduvdlt sdjjdbtudr p`rtnr mu s`rmd mnrdbtdedlt (v`rn`ltds) ku p`rtnr m`utrds h`lfuds 1 hnt`hndl, hd jr`l`ns, h`lfh`ns ku h`hhde`lm. Bd mnbtnkll`nrdbkeprdlm >2 ??? hdeeds dl s`rmd, 03 ??? ekts tr`munts dl nt`hndl, 03 ??? dl `lfh`ns, 06 ???dl jr`l`ns dt >??? pkur h`hhde`lm.cttp1//www.mntznkl`rnu.krf/
5/19/2018 Cration d'un dictionnaire morpho-syntaxique pour la langue sarde (2006)
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E`rnd _NT - Bklstntutnkl mul mnbtnkll`nrd ekrpcksylt`xnqud pkur h` h`lfud s`rmd NLJ E2= Nljkre`tnqud, Euhtnhnlfunsed dt ]r`mubtnkl
92
DSDE_HDR MD MNB]NKLL@NYDR DHDB]YKLNPTDR EKY_CKR^L]@SNPTDR
- IMHDS 1cttp1//www.nrnt.jr/@B]NZN]DR/DP[NCE_]/rdss[hnlf.v0/rimhdx.pcp- BDHDS 1
cttp1//skhutnkls.akurl`hmuldt.bke/???:/???:?6bdhdx.scteh -ETH]DScttp1//www.up.ulnv-ers.jr/vdrklns/pmj/0>>4t`h.pmj