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2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 2Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
You receive goods or
services today
With the promise to pay back the determined amount of money (usually in small
increments plus interest) in the future
YOUR PRESENT SELF IMPACTS YOUR FUTURE SELF
Credit availability depends on if lenders trust you will pay back the loan as agreed.
Credit – goods, services, and/or money received in exchange for a promise to pay back a definite sum of money at a future date
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 3Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
CREDIT SOURCES
There are many sources
of credit including…
Private mortgage companies
Depository institutions
Automobile dealerships
Government
Credit card companies
Insurance agents
Pawn shops
What credit sources provide the most favorable terms?
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 4Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
WHEN YOU BORROW YOU ARE SPENDING FUTURE INCOME
$1,280.96 paid in interest
$10,000 loan
8% annual interest rate
Monthly payments for 3 years
Interest is typically paid for the convenience of using credit
Toby’s Automobile
Loan
Are there other alternatives? Such as taking money out of savings or delaying the purchase.
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 5Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Are the terms (such as interest rate) favorable?
Is the loan feasible both in the present and in the future?
Are the terms consistent for the life of the loan?
MANAGING CREDIT RESPONSIBLY EVALUATE THE CONTRACT
A contract outlines how and when you will pay the money back
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 6Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Amount you borrow
Total amount should be less than 20% of annual net
income
Monthly payment should be less than 10% of monthly net income
AMOUNT YOU BORROW
Housing payments are not included as a part of the monthly 10%
Why should individuals limit their debt?
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 7Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
What it is…
Loan which the borrower must repay the amount in a specified number of equal payments
Features…
Contract outlining repayment terms
Examples…
MortgageAutomobile loanPersonal loanStudent loan
CLOSED‐END CREDIT(INSTALLMENT)
$313.36
$313.36
$313.36
$313.36
$313.36
$313.36
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 8Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
What it is…
Extended line of credit established in advance
Features…
Loan may be paid (usually monthly) in a single payment or series of unequal payments
Example…
Credit card
As long as the minimum payment is made, you can pay any amount.
OPEN‐END CREDIT(REVOLVING) HTTP://WWW.INVESTOPEDIA.COM/VIDEO/PLAY/HOW ‐
LINE ‐CREDIT ‐WORKS/
$20
$30
$20
$40
$50
$30
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 9Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
The loan…• Total loan: $350• Lender fees: $60• Amount the borrower receives: $290
On the agreed upon date (usually payday)… • Lender seeks their fees
• By depositing the check or withdrawing the money
If the borrower does not have money in their account…•Accumulate fees and possible legal action•Or, pay $60 fee again to keep the existing loan outstanding or take out a new loan
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE CREDITPAYDAY LOAN
Short‐term loan that provides immediate cash by securing a borrower’s written check or automatic withdrawal form
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 10Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Interest rate paid:
92%
Total paid:$4,158.96
Pay$39.99 per week for 104 weeks
Purchase a 50” LCD TV valued at $1,890
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE CREDITRENT ‐TO ‐OWN
Borrower leases tangible items with the condition that the item will be owned by the renter if the term of rent is completed
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 11Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
The loan…
Borrower gives the lender their automobile title or personal property in exchange for cash (based on value of item)
To get their item back, the borrower must…
Pay the lender back cash and fees/interest within a specified time period
If credit terms are not met…
The lender keeps the item
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE CREDITTITLE AND PAWN LOAN
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 12Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Lender gives borrower a loan based upon their anticipated tax refund
Lender charges the borrower a fee for this service
Borrower authorizes the Internal Revenue Service to deposit money
directly into the lenders account
If the borrowers refund was less than the
loan amount,
they owe the lender the difference
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE CREDITREFUND ANTICIPATION LOAN
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 13Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
What is the annual interest
rate?Are there fees?
What are the consequences of a missed or late
payment?
What happens if the loan is not
paid back in full?
Do you trust and feel comfortable with the lender?
SHOPPING FOR CREDITEVALUATE THE CONTRACT CAREFULLY!
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 14Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Evaluate your credit report
and score
The trade‐off to no credit
history check is often higher
interest rates and fees
Credit history check
Personal information
Credit requested
Information about your ability to repay the
credit
Typical questions
A form requesting information
about a credit
applicant
Credit application
HOW TO OBTAIN CREDIT
Exact process depends on the type of credit and lender
Shop around with different lenders, read the contract and ASK QUESTIONS!!!!
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 15Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
HOW CREDIT REPORTS ARE CREATED
Credit Reports
Record, created by a CRA, of an individual’s credit history
Credit Report Agencies (CRA’s)
Keep a record of a consumer’s account history (credit history)
Lender
Reports a consumer’s account history to CRA’s
Three U.S. Agencies:‐ Equifax‐ Experian
‐ TransUnion
If credit has never been used (or reported) an individual will not have
a credit report
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 16Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
NameCurrent and previous addressesTelephone numberFull or partial social security numberDate of birthEmployment history
INFORMATION IN A CREDIT REPORT
Consumer (personal) Information Credit Account Information
Public Record Information Inquiry Information
Four Categories
Information provided to lenders when applying for credit
Specific information about each credit account you have or have had. Such as Type of Credit, Loan Amount or credit limit, Date, Account Balance, Payment info
Requests for an individual’s credit report• Must be a result of actions by the
consumer Or• Be a result of a permissible purpose
Information from federal, state and county public court records
Includes collection agencies, bankruptcy, tax liens and foreclosure
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 17Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
TYPES OF CREDITClosed‐end credit (installment)
Open‐end credit (revolving)
Definition Borrower must repay the amount in a
specified number of equal payments
Extended as a line of credit established in
advance
Features Usually has a contract outlining repayment
terms
Borrower chooses how much to pay
Examples Automobile loans Education loans
Mortgages
Credit cards
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 18Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Closed‐end: Total amount of loan
Open‐end: Credit limit (maximum dollar amount that can be borrowed)
INQUIRY INFORMATION AND LOAN AMOUNTS / CREDIT LIMIT
Potentially Negative Inquiry Information
Typically No Impact Inquiry Information
• Seeking additional credit• Impact is reduced if
shopping for the same type of loan within a 14‐day period.
• Inquiries not initiated by you• Inquiries not related to credit• Checking your own report
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 19Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
TYPES OF LENDERS WHO REPORT TO CRA’S
Depository institutions
Credit card companies
Retail stores that offer credit accounts
Mortgage and finance companies
Lenders usually report all
information,positive and negative
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 20Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
TYPES OF DATA FURNISHERS WHO REPORT TO CRA’S
HTTP://WWW.INVESTOPEDIA .COM/VIDEO/PLAY/UNEXPECTED ‐TH INGS ‐THAT ‐LOWER ‐YOUR ‐CREDIT/
Landlords Cell phone companies
Utility accountsMedical providers
(payment information only)
Typically only report when
money is owed to them
CRA’s are encouraging regular payment information to be reported to help consumers build a positive credit history.
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 21Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
Information Not in a
Credit Report
Medical information about where the person was treated and for what
Race & Gender
Religion & Nationality
Non‐credit depository institution accounts
Criminal background
Buying habits
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 22Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
YOUR PRESENT SELF IMPACTS YOUR FUTURE SELF
HTTP : / /WWW. INVESTOPED IA .COM/V IDEO/P LAY/5 ‐EASY ‐WAYS ‐TO ‐ IMPROVE ‐YOUR ‐CRED I T/
Some items remain on your credit report longer than
others
Always Accounts in good
standing
10 yearsClosed accounts in good standing
7 yearsLate or missed payments
7‐10 yearsPublic record information
2 yearsInquiries
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 23Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
CREDIT SCORES
http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/what‐ is‐a‐credit‐score/
Most common scoring systems are produced by credit reporting agencies:
Generally, higher score = higher chance of credit repayment
How the score is calculated depends on the credit scoring model. It is a mathematical number created to help a lender evaluate the risk associated with lending a consumer money
Scoring System Score RangeFICO 300 ‐ 850
VantageScore 501 ‐ 990
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 24Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
CREDIT SCORE IMPACT
EXAMPLE: $15,000 LOAN(3 YEAR FIXED AUTOMOBILE)
FICO Score Interest Rate Monthly Payment
3 Year Amount
$2,124 can be saved over the lifetime of this loan because of a good credit score!
Credit history helps a lender determine the terms of credit granted
730 6.16% $457 $16,452
660 8.77% $475 $17,100
590 14.43% $516 $18,576
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 25Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
CREDIT HISTORY AFFECTS MORE THAN CREDIT
Insurance Rates Employment
Public Utility Services Housing
What are examples of how Isabella’s credit history is affecting her financial well‐being?
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 26Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
POSITIVE CREDIT HISTORYPay your bills
consistently and on time
Maintain reasonable amounts of
available credit
Apply for credit sparingly
Have a mix of different types
of credit accounts
Do not have too many of one
type of account
Check your credit report annually
Positive Credit History
Higher Credit Score
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 27Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
STRATEGIES TO BUILD CREDIT
Small closed‐end loan
• From a depository institution
• Set up automatic payments
Credit card with a co‐signer
• Co‐signer –person who is equally responsiblefor paying back debt
Secured credit card
• Requires a cash security deposit
• Ensures the credit card company will be paid
Authorized user on a credit card
• Authorized user is not legally responsible for the debt but they will build a credit history
Acquire and positively manage small lines of credit
Having no credit history may be just as challenging to a consumer as having a negative history
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 28Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
REQUESTING A CREDIT REPORTOne free credit report annually from each of the three credit
reporting agencies
Important to request your report even if you have not used credit
If denied credit, the applicant can request a free copy within
60 days
Only government‐sponsored free website
Your credit score must be ordered separately and could cost you a fee.
2.6.2.G1
© Take Charge Today – August 2013– Credit Basics – Slide 29Funded by a grant from Take Charge America, Inc. to the Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences Take Charge America Institute at the University of Arizona
IF AN ERROR IS FOUND
Contact the CRA &
company that provided the incorrect
information
Credit agency has 30 days to investigate
If error found, correct
information must be
provided to all three CRA’s
If dispute is not resolved, consumer may add a dispute
statement to their report