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CRIJ3361
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems / 6th edition
An International An International PerspectivePerspective
Sam Houston State University
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Summarize the provincial and universal benefits of an international perspective
Distinguish between, and give examples of, bilateral and multinational cooperation
Describe and compare the historical, political, and descriptive approaches to an international perspective
Distinguish, with examples, the functions/procedures and the institutions/actors strategies
Summarize and distinguish the synthetic and authentic classification strategies
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Summarize the provincial and universal benefits of an international perspective
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.1
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Benefits of an International Perspective1.1
Provincial benefits
Provincial benefits
Universal benefits
Universal benefits
Provides a point of contrast
Provides ideas for system improvement
Use cross-national cooperation to combat transnational crimeCross-national cooperation can be either bilateral or multinational
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Distinguish between, and give examples of, bilateral and multinational cooperation
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.2
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Bilateral Cooperation1.2
Two countries, often neighbors, cooperate to fight cross-border crime
Law enforcement cooperation between the U.S. and Canada includes a variety of agreements and has been described as broad, deep, and highly productive
Cooperative efforts between the U.S. and Mexico are becoming more equitable and effective
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Multinational Cooperation1.2Many nations join in an effective cooperative effort against transnational crime and criminals
7
The 27 countries of the European Union have agreements in the areas of police and judicial cooperation that provide good examples of multinational cooperation
A goal is to create a European judicial space that allows Europeans to combat crime and seek justice across borders and throughout the continent
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1.2
8
Examples of European Union Cooperation
Photos courtesy of Philip Reichel
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Describe and compare the historical, political, and descriptive approaches to an international perspective
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.3
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Approaches to an International Perspective1.3
HistoricalHistorical PoliticalPolitical DescriptiveDescriptive
This approach provides information about past successes and failures and prepares us for change in the future.
This approach identifies the main components and actors of a criminal justice system and describes how they are supposed to operate.
This approach helps one understand how politics affect a nation’s justice system and interaction among nations.
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Distinguish, with examples, the functions/procedures and the institutions/actors strategies
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.4
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Strategies under the Descriptive Approach1.4
Functions / ProceduresFunctions / Procedures
Institutions / Actors
Institutions / Actors
With this strategy, the emphasis is on understanding the job to be done rather than highlighting the position of the person doing the job. An example is the procedure used for pretrial detention in various countries.
With this strategy the focus is on the operation of criminal justice agencies and their employees as a way to identify similarities and differences across countries. An example is comparing the way countries organize their police force and the duties of their police officers.
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Summarize and distinguish the synthetic and authentic classification strategies
Learning ObjectivesAfter this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
1.5
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, IncUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Classification Strategies1.5
Synthetic StrategySynthetic Strategy
Authentic Strategy
Authentic Strategy
When classification follows this strategy one gets artificial groups based on only a few aspects of the object.
When classification follows this strategy one gets natural groups based on extensive study of the object.
The result is a practical classification that bring order to diversity.
The result allows for prediction regarding the group’s members