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EN BANC

[G.R. No. 136845. October 8, 2003]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, appellee, vs. GILLER!O FLOREN"O #$%#& IMONG, appellant .

" E ' I S I O N

(ELLOSILLO, J .)

GUILLERMO FLORENDO alias Imong was found guilty of parricid wit! t! aggra"ating circu#stanc

of crulty and sntncd to dat!$ % was ordrd to ind#nify t! !irs of !is wif& Erlinda Ragudo Florndo&

t! a#ount of '())&)))$)) in #oral and *#plary da#ags and to pay t! costs of suit$ %is con"iction is t!

su+,ct of t!is auto#atic r"iw$-./

0! rcords s!ow t!at on 12 August .334 at around 156) in t! aftrnoon appllant and !is

wif Erlinda wr insid t!ir !ous ngagd in an ani#atd con"rsation$ Li"ing wit! t!# in t! sa# !ous

inBarangay Bul+ulala& La 'a7& A+ra& was appllants fat!r AgustinFlorndo$ Aftr Erlinda was !ard to !a"

told Imong to go to slp& t! lattr all of a suddn and wit!out any pro"ocation !ac8d Erlinda wit! a +olo in

t! !ad and ot!r parts of !r +ody$ 0! "icti# could only *clai#&  Patayennak met ni Imong ngen (Imong is

going to 8ill #9:-1/

Agustin& w!o was rsting at t!at ti#& witnssd t! incidnt$ Instad of stopping appllant& Agustin lft t!

!ous for far t!at !is son would also attac8 !i#$ Agustin soug!t !lp fro# !is i##diat nig!+or&

Ernsto Anical& and told !i#& Kasano Erning, patayen yen met ni Imong nibaketnan ;%ow is

t!is Erning& Imong is 8illing !is wif9:-6/ Ernsto too +ca# frig!tnd and did not go out of !is !ous< instad

! told Agustin to go to t! +arangay captain for assistanc$

Agustin wnt to t! !ous of Barangay Captain Godofrdo Apuya to rport t! incidnt +ut t! lattr was

not t!r$ 0!us& t! wif of t! +arangay captain& upon +ing apprisd of w!at !appnd& !urridly wnt out to

loo8 for any a"aila+l +arangay tanod for assistanc and was a+l to contact Barangay 0anod Flip Adora$

Agustin& on t! ot!r !and& rstraind +y far and s!oc8& stayd at t! +arangay captains !ous and w!n !

finally rturnd at a+out =5)) ocloc8 in t! aftrnoon Erlinda was alrady dad$In t! #anti#& appllant ran to t! !ous of t! +arangay captain aftr !ac8ing !is wif

>!n Barangay 0anod Flip Adora arri"d at t! !ous of t! +arangay captain& ! found appllant t!r

!olding a +loodid +olo& !is !ands and ft dripping wit! +lood$ Flip ad"isd appllant to yild !is +olo +ut

t! lattr did not rspond$ 0!is pro#ptd Flip to gra+ !is !and and ta8 away !is +olo

>!n Barangay CaptainGodofrdo Apuya arri"d& ! as8d appllant w!y !is !and and ft wr co"rd wit!

 +lood +ut t! lattr did not answr$ Appllant was latr ta8n to t! La 'a7 District %ospital for trat#nt of !is

wound and t! polic aut!oritis of La 'a7 t!raftr too8 !i# into custody pnding in"stigation of t!

incidnt$

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Dr$ Cora7on Lalin Brioso& Municipal %alt! Officr of La 'a7& autopsid t! cada"r of t! "icti# andfound t!at s! sustaind si*tn ;.49 wounds on "arious parts of !r +ody& four ;=9 of w!ic! wr considrd

fatal and rsultd in !r instantanous dat! du to!ypo"al#ic s!oc8 causd +y #assi" !#orr!ag$-=/

On 1 ?pt#+r .334 appllant was co##ittd at t! A+ra 'ro"incial @ail$ During !is confin#nt& ! was

o+sr"d to + !a"ing difficulty in slping$ % could not at during #al ti#s$ Most of t! ti# ! would

stand in !is cll wit!out tal8ing to anyon$ 0!us on 3 ?pt#+r .334 ! was tratd as an outpatint at

t! A+ra 'ro"incial %ospital ;A'%9$ 0! 'ro"incial >ardn t!n rustd a psyc!iatric *a#ination of

appllant to dtr#in w!t!r ! was fit to + arraignd$ -(/

On . Octo+r .334 appllant was supposd to + arraignd +ut ! appard wit!out counsl and r#aind

unrsponsi" to t! ustions propoundd to !i#$ On t! sa# dat& t! trial court rfrrd appllant to

t! Baguio Gnral %ospital and Mdical Cntr ;BG%MC9 for psyc!iatric "aluation sinc t!r was no psyc!iatrist at t! A'%$ On 1) No"#+r .334 ! wnt to t! BG%MC for consultation and was ad#ittd and

#anagd as a cas of schizophrenic psychosis, paranoid type (schizophreniform disorder).-4/ % was dtaind at

t! !ospital and gi"n #dication for !is illnss$ On @un .33& aftr confin#nt for si* ;49 #ont!s and

ig!tn ;.29 days& ! was disc!argd and rco##ittd to t! pro"incial ,ail as ! was found fit to fac t!

c!args against !i#$-/>!n finally arraignd on .1 August .33 appllant pladd not guilty$

At t! prtrial confrnc& appllant ad#ittd 8illing !is wif +ut put up t! dfns of insanity to clai#

*#ption fro# cri#inal lia+ility$ At t! initial !aring& t! proscution prsntd

Agustin Florndo& GodofrdoApuya& Ernsto Anical& Flip Adora and Dr$ Cora7on Lalin Brioso as witnsss$

Agustin Florndo attstd t!at !is son was not in !is propr snss on t! day of t! incidnt and rpatd

on cross*a#ination t!at appllant was cra7y and !ad +n +!a"ing strangly for on ;.9 yar +for t!incidnt$-2/

Barangay Captain Godofrdo Apuya& on t! ot!r !and& statd t!at ! alrady 8nw t!at appllant was

#ntally ill +caus in two ;19 instancs& t!r$ ;69 #ont!s prior to t! incidnt& ! saw !i# singing& dancing

and clapping !is !ands in t!ir yard$-3/ >itnss Ernsto Anicalstatd furt!r t!at on t! day of t! incidnt

appllant was not in !is rig!t snss as ! saw !i# s!arpning !is +olo wit! !is ys rd and loo8ing "ry

s!arp$ t& ! li8wis tstifid t!at appllant would ,oin t! popl in t!ir +arangay in t!ir drin8ing sprs

and w!n alrady drun8 ! would +at !is wif$-.)/

Barangay 0anod Flip Adora also tstifid t!at appllant !ad +n +!a"ing oddly and was so#w!at

cra7y as ! saw !i# tn ;.)9 days +for t! incidnt singing and tal8ing to !i#slf-../ Bot! GodofrdoApuya and Flip Adora statd t!at appllant suspctd t!at !is wif was !a"ing an affair

wit! Godofrdo for ! onc wnt to t! !ous ofGodofrdo loo8ing for !r$ But +for t! trial could prospr

t! prsiding ,udg rci"d a lttr fro# t! pro"incial wardn as8ing for t! rco##it#nt of appllant to t!

BG%MC +caus of !is unsta+l #ntal condition$ On 2 @un .332 t! trial court dirctd t! *a#ination and

trat#nt of appllant +ut not !is ad#ission in t! !ospital$ Nont!lss& appllant was rad#ittd at t!

BG%MC on .. @un .332 and disc!argd on August .332$On .) August .332& upon t! assuranc of Dr$ Elsi I$ Caducoy t!at appllant was fit to stand trial&

appllant was calld to tstify$ % statd t!at ! did not r##+r anyt!ing t!at !appnd on 12 August .334

 +ut rcalld sing !is c!ildrn days +for t! incidnt< t!at ! was +roug!t to t! pro"incial ,ail +y t! polic

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aut!oritis< t!at ! t!u#+#ar8d a for# gi"n !i# in ,ail< t!at ! ca# to 8now a+out t! dat! of !is wif onlyw!n !is fat!r told !i# a+out it w!il ! was in ,ail< and& t!at ! did not 8now Barangay Captain Apuya w!n

as8d a+out !is allgd affair wit! !is wif$-.1/

In t! assaild Dcision datd .3 August .332 t! trial court !ld t!at t! cri# co##ittd was parricid

>!il no #arriag crtificat was prsntd to pro" t! rlations!ip +twn appllant and t! "icti#& suc!

fact was "idnt fro# t! tsti#onis of t! witnsss and appllant !i#slf w!o a"rrd t!at t! "icti# was !is

lgiti#at wif< t!at t! aggra"ating circu#stanc of crulty was prsnt +caus t! "icti# suffrd si*tn

;.49 wounds< t!at w!il it was tru t!at t!r was "idnc t!at appllant was o+sr"d to + doing t!ings out of

t! ordinary& li8 singing in Englis!& dancing& laug!ing or tal8ing alon& t!r was also "idnc t!at ! was

sociali7ing frly wit! t! ot!r young #n in t! +arangay< t!at all t!s wr indicati" only of #ntal

a+nor#ality t!at did not *cus !i# fro# i#puta+ility for t! offns< t!at no *prt witnss was prsntd totstify on t! insanity of appllant< and& t! #oti" of appllant in 8illing !is wif was ,alousy$

Appllant Florndo now contnds t!at t! trial court rrd in not acuitting !i# on t! ground of insanity<

for apprciating crulty instad as an aggra"ating circu#stanc in t! co##ission of t! cri#& and for

up!olding t! lgiti#acy of !is co##onlaw rlations!ip wit! t! "icti# in ordr to +ring t! 8illing wit!in t!

a#+it of Art$ 1=4 of The Revised Pena !ode.

0! Court r,cts t! pla of insanity$ Insanity undr Art$ .1& par$ .& of The Revised Pena !ode *ists w!n

t!r is a co#plt dpri"ation of intllignc in co##itting t! act& i$$& appllant is dpri"d of rason< ! acts

wit!out t! last discrn#nt +caus of co#plt a+snc of t! powr to discrn< or& t!r is a total

dpri"ation of frdo# of t! will$ 0!on"s probandi rsts upon !i# w!o in"o8s insanity as an *#pting

circu#stanc& and ! #ust pro" it +y clar and con"incing "idnc$-.6/

0! allgd insanity of Florndo was not su+stantiatd +y sufficint "idnc$ % was not co#pltly +rft

of rason or discrn#nt and frdo# of will w!n ! #ortally !ac8d !is wif$ 0! following

circu#stancs-.=/ clarly and un#ista8a+ly ngat a co#plt a+snc of intllignc on !is part w!n !

co##ittd t! flony5 ;a9 % was apparntly wll until a+out t!r ;69 to four ;=9 #ont!s prior to !is ad#ission

in t! !ospital w!n ! was notd to !a" +lan8 stars& clai#ing t!at ! was in dp t!oug!t +caus !

suspctd !is wif of !a"ing an *tra#arital affair& and at ti#s would confront !is wif a+out t! #attr +ut t!

lattr would dny it< ;+9 0!at ! +ca# irrita+l at !o# and was asily angrd +y  !is c!ildrns slig!ts

#ista8s< ;c9 0!at du to !is ,alousy ! clai#d t!at ! only wantd to frig!tn !is wif wit! !is +olo in ordr

to confront !r +ut !ac8d !r instad #any ti#s to dat!< ;d9 % dnid !a"ing !allucinations at t!at ti# or

 +ing possssd +y an "il spirit< ;9 I##diatly aftr t! incidnt ! wnt to t! +arangay captain& n"r

t!oug!t of running away& and apparntly flt guilty a+out w!at !appnd< ;f9 In ,ail& ! said ! startd !a"ing

auditory !allucinations w!r ! would !ar "oics co##anding !i# to do so#t!ing +ut rfusd to la+orat

on t!is< and& ;g9 % clai#d t!at ! fruntly t!oug!t of !is t!r ;69 c!ildrn w!o# ! #issd so #uc!$ 0!s

wr !ardly t! acts of a prson wit! a sic8 #ind$A prusal of appllants tsti#ony would s!ow t!at ! was awar of !is #otions& +aring and

t#pra#nt$ E*cpt for !is tsti#ony in opn court t!at ! !ad no rcollction of w!at !appnd on 12 August

.334& ! attstd t!at ! saw !is c!ildrn a fw days +for t! incidnt< t!at ! was +roug!t to t! pro"incial

 ,ail +y t! polic aut!oritis< and& t!at !t!u#+#ar8d a for# gi"n !i# in ,ail$ ?inc ! r##+rd t! "ital

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circu#stancs surrounding t! g!astly incidnt& ! #ust !a" +n in full control of !is #ntal facultis$ %isrcall of t! "nts t!at transpird +for& during and aftr t! sta++ing incidnt& as wll as t! natur and

contnts of !is tsti#ony& dos not +tray an a+rrant #ind$ An insan prson !as no full and clar

undrstanding of t! natur and consuncs of !is act$0! issu of insanity is a ustion of fact for insanity is a condition of t! #ind& not suscpti+l of t! usual

#ans of proof$ As no #an would 8now w!at gos on in t! #ind of anot!r& t! stat or condition of a prsons

#ind can only + #asurd and ,udgd +y !is +!a"ior$Esta+lis!ing t! insanity of an accusd ruirs opinion

tsti#ony w!ic! #ay + gi"n +y a witnss w!o is inti#atly acuaintd wit! appllant& or w!o !as rational

 +asis to conclud t!at appllant was insan +asd on t! witnss own prcption of appllant& or w!o is

ualifid as an *prt& suc! as a psyc!iatrist$-.(/

0! first four ;=9 witnsss of t! proscution wr on in allging t!at appllant was cra7y and !ad lost !is#ind as t!y noticd !i# to + +!a"ing oddly& i$$& singing& dancing and tal8ing to !i#slf$ 0! proscution

witnsss #ay !a" tstifid t!at appllant appard to t!# to + insan prior to& during and su+sunt to t!

co##ission of t! cri#& +ut t!r is a "ast diffrnc +twn an insan prson and on w!o !as wor8d

!i#slf into suc! a frn7y of angr t!at ! fails to us rason or good ,udg#nt in !is action$ 0! fact t!at a

 prson +!a"s cra7ily is not conclusi" t!at ! is insan$ 0! pr"alnt #aning of t! word cra7y is not

synony#ous wit! t! lgal tr#s insan& non compos mentis, unsound #ind& idiot& or lunatic$ 0! popular

concption of t! word cra7y is +ing usd to dscri+ a prson or an act unnatural or out of t! ordinary$ A #an

#ay +!a" in a cra7y #annr +ut it dos not ncssarily and conclusi"ly pro" t!at ! is lgally so$-.4/

0! "idnc adducd consisting of t! tsti#onis of t! proscution witnsss t!at appllant was insan

i##diatly +for or on t! day t! cri# was co##ittd consistd #rly of assu#ptions& and is too

spculati"& prsu#pti" and con,ctural to + con"incing$ 0!ir o+sr"ation t!at appllant #anifstd unusual

 +!a"ior dos not constitut sufficint proof of !is insanity +caus not "ry a+rration of t! #ind or #ntal

dficincy constituts insanity !nc *#pting$

In t! cas at +ar& appllant was diagnosd to + suffring fro# schizophrenia w!n ! was co##ittd to

t! BG%MC a fw #ont!s aftr ! 8illd !is wif$ Mdical +oo8s dscri+  schizophrenia as a c!ronic #ntal

disordr c!aractri7d +y a prsons ina+ility to distinguis! +twn fantasy and rality& and is oftn

acco#panid +y !allucinations and dlusions$ ?y#pto#atically& sc!i7op!rnic ractions ar rcogni7a+l

t!roug! odd and +i7arr +!a"ior apparnt in aloofnss or priods of i#pulsi" dstructi"nss and i##atur

and *aggratd #otionality$During t! initial stag& t! co##on arly sy#pto# is aloofnss& a wit!drawa

 +!ind +arrirs of lonlinss& !oplssnss& !atrd and far$ Fruntly& t! patint would s# proccupid and

dra#y and #ay appar far away$-./

>llsttld is t! rul t!at an inuiry into t! #ntal stat of an accusd s!ould rlat to t! priod

i##diatly +for or at t! "ry #o#nt t! flony is co##ittd$ -.2/ 0! #dical findings of t! BG%MC

w!ic! diagnosd appllants #ntal disordr as schizophrenic psychosis, paranoid type, rfr to appllants

trat#nt aftr t! incidnt !appnd$ It is +rft of any proof t!at appllant was co#pltly dpri"d of

intllignc or discrn#nt at t! ti# or at t! "ry #o#nt ! 8illd !is wif$ It is inconclusi" as to w!t!r

! was insan at t! ti# i##diatly prcding or at t! "ry #o#nt of t! 8illing$

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In co#plianc wit! t!is Courts Rsolution of .( August 1)))& an "aluation of t! psyc!ological and psyc!iatric condition of appllant was conductd +y t! ?upr# Court Clinic ?r"ics at t! National

'nitntiary on 11 August 1)))$ 0! nuropsyc!iatric "aluation rport disclosd t!at appllant was suffring

fro# psyc!osis or insanity& classifid as chronic schizophrenia, paranoid type. It di"ulgd furt!r t!at prior to

t! onst of t! o"rt psyc!otic sy#pto#s& appllant #anifstd unusual +!a"ior prior to t! co##ission of

t! cri# of parricid dscri+d as farfulnss& irrita+ility& suspiciousnss and ,alousy or proccupation wit!

t! fidlity of !is wif$ In rtrospct& t!is group of sy#pto#s could !a" possi+ly +n t! prodro#al p!as

!ralding t! onst of t! psyc!otic illnss$-.3/ 0! rport r"ald t!at sy#pto#s of appllants #ntal illnss

wr conci"a+ly #anifstd prior to t! dat of t! cri# and t!at su+stantial "idnc was lac8ing to

conclud t!at !is a+nor#al +!a"ior was du to t! us of drugs or any pro!i+itd su+stanc$-1)/

As can + gland fro# t! rports& appllant could only + undrgoing t! prcursory stags of a disas prior to and at t! ti# of t! 8illing$ It is& t!rfor& +yond ca"il t!at assu#ing t!at ! !ad so# for# of

#ntal illnss +y "irtu of t! pr#onitory sy#pto#s of  schizophrenia, it did not totally dpri" !i# of

intllignc$ 0! prsnc of !is rasoning facultis& w!ic! na+ld !i# to *rcis sound ,udg#nt and

satisfactorily articulat crtain #attrs suc! as !is ,alousy o"r t! supposd infidlity of !is wif& sufficintly

discounts any inti#ation of insanity w!n ! co##ittd t! dastardly cri#$ >!il appllant on #any

occasions +for t! co##ission of t! cri# did t!ings t!at would indicat t!at ! was not of sound #ind&

suc! acts only tndd to s!ow t!at ! was in an a+nor#al #ntal stat and not ncssarily of unsound #ind t!at

would *#pt !i# fro# cri#inal lia+ility$ Mr a+nor#ality of #ntal facultis will not *clud i#puta+ility-1./ 0! odd or +i7arr +!a"ior of appllant prior to t! co##ission of t! cri# as dscri+d +y t!

 proscution witnsss& if anyt!ing ls& did not co#pltly dpri" t! offndr of consciousnss of !is acts$ If

t! dfns of insanity is sustaind& t! floodgats to a+us will + opnd +y t! cunning and ingnious

 pu+lic$ 0sti#ony t!at a prson actd in a cra7y or drangd #annr days +for t! co##ission of t! cri#

dos not pro" insanity$0! grant of a+solution on t! +asis of insanity s!ould + don wit! ut#ost car and

circu#spction as t! ?tat #ust 8p its guard against #urdrrs s8ing to scap punis!#nt t!roug! a

gnral pla of insanity$> cannot sustain t! ruling of t! trial court t!at crulty aggra"atd t! 8illing si#ply +caus according

to t! autopsy rport t! "icti#s +ody +or si*tn ;.49 wounds all in all& four ;=9 of w!ic! wr s"r& dp

and fatal$ 0! nu#+r of wounds is not a tst for dtr#ining crulty< it is w!t!r appllant dli+ratly and

sadistically aug#ntd t! "icti#s suffring$ 0!us& t!r #ust + proof t!at t! "icti# was #ad to agoni7 +for appllant rndrd t! +low w!ic! snuffd out !r lif$-11/Alt!oug! Erlinda rci"d si*tn ;.49 wounds

in all t!r is no s!owing t!at appllant dli+ratly and in!u#anly incrasd !r suffring$ At any rat& "n if

crulty is pro"d& it cannot + apprciatd against appllant to rais t! pnalty to dat! as t!is was not allgd

in t! Infor#ation$ Undr ?c$ 3& Rul ..)& of The Revised R"es of !rimina Proced"re,w!ic! too8 ffct on .

Dc#+r 1)))& aggra"ating circu#stancs #ust + allgd in t! infor#ation or co#plaint& ot!rwis& t!y

cannot + proprly apprciatd$ Bing fa"ora+l to appllant& t!is procdural rul #ust + gi"n rtroacti"

application$

As to t! #arriag of t! "icti# and appllant& t! trial court proprly up!ld its lgiti#acy$ In parricid&

t! +st proof of rlations!ip +twn appllant and t! dcasd is t! #arriag crtificat& and in t! a+snc

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t!rof& oral "idnc of t! fact of #arriag #ay + considrd$ 0! tsti#ony of appllant t!at ! was #arridto t! dcasd is an ad#ission against !is pnal intrst$ It is a confir#ation of

t! sem perpraes"mit"r matrimonio and t! prsu#ption t!at a #an and a wo#an dporting t!#sl"s as

!us+and and wif !a" ntrd into a lawful contract of #arriag$ -16/ E"n if t! #arriag crtificat was not

 prsntd& t!at t! "icti# was t! lgiti#at wif of appllant is "idnt fro# t! tsti#onis of t! proscution

witnsss$ In opn court& appllant !i#slf "oluntrd t! infor#ation in !is offr of "idnc t!roug! counsl

and on dirct *a#ination t!at t! "icti# was !is lgiti#at wif$Appllant was proprly con"ictd of t! cri# of parricid$-1=/'arricid not +ing a capital cri# per se, as

it is not punis!a+l +y t! #andatory dat! pnalty +ut +y t! fl*i+l pnalty of rec"sion perpet"ato dat!

w!ic! ar two ;19 indi"isi+l pnaltis& t! application of t! lssr or t! gratr pnalty dpnds on t!

 prsnc of #itigating and aggra"ating circu#stancs$ 0!r +ing no aggra"ating or #itigating circu#stancapprciatd for appllant& t! lssr pnalty of rec"sion perpet"a is i#posd$-1(/ Nont!lss& clinical findings

at t! ti# of "aluation of t! psyc!ological and psyc!iatric condition of appllant s!ow t!at dspit

#aintnanc of antipsyc!otic #dication ! r#ains to + sy#pto#atic$ It is i#prati" t!at t!r s!ould +

continuous #aintnanc of !is antipsyc!otic #dications and rgular psyc!iatric followup to ac!i" and

sustain r#ission of psyc!otic sy#pto#s$As t! trial court faild to award ind#nity in fa"or of t! !irs of t! "icti#& t! a#ount of '()&)))$))

s!ould + ad,udgd as ci"il ind#nity * deicto, w!ic! award is #andatory and ruirs no proof ot!r t!an

t! "icti#s dat!$-14/

*HEREFORE& t! con"iction of accusdappllant GUILLERMO FLORENDO alias I#$%& of

 parricid undr Art$ 1=4 of The Revised Pena !ode, as a#ndd +y ?c$ (& of RA 4(3& is AFFIRMED wit! t!

MODIFICA0ION t!at ! s!ould suffr t! pnalty of rec"sion perpet"a,instad of dat!$ % is furt!r ordrd

to pay t! !irs of !is wif& t! dcasd Erlinda Ragudo Florndo& t! a#ount of '()&)))$)) as ci"il ind#nity

for !r dat!& and to pay t! costs$

SO OR"ERE".

EN BANC

[G.R. No. 13048+. -e 1/, 2000]THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. RO(ERTO ESTR", accused-appellant.

" E ' I S I O NPNO, J .)0!is is an auto#atic r"iw of t! dat! pnalty i#posd on accusdappllant +y t! Rgional 0rial Court&

Branc! ==& Dagupan City in Cri#inal Cas No$ 3=))24)D$ -./ > nullify t! procdings in t! courta '"o andr#and t! cas for propr disposition$

In an Infor#ation datd Dc#+r 13& .33=& accusdappllant Ro+rto Estrada y Lop7 was c!argd wit!

t! cri# of #urdr for t! 8illing of on Roglio '$ Mararac& a scurity guard$ 0! Infor#ation rads5

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0!at on or a+out t! 1t! day of Dc#+r .33= in t! City of Dagupan& '!ilippins and wit!in t! ,urisdictionof t!is %onora+l Court& t! a+o"na#d accusd& ROBER0O E?0RADA LO'E& +ing t!n ar#d wit! a

 +utc!rs 8nif& wit! intnt to 8ill on ROGELIO '$ MARARAC wit! trac!ry and co##ittd in a !oly plac

of wors!ip& did t!n and t!r& wilfully& unlawfully and cri#inally& attac8& assault and us prsonal "iolnc

upon t! lattr +y sta++ing !i#& !itting !i# on "ital parts of !is +ody wit! t! said wapon& t!r+y causing !isdat! s!ortly t!raftr du to Cardiorspiratory Arrst& Massi" Intrat!oracic %#orr!ag& ?ta+ >ound as pr

Autopsy Rport and Crtificat of Dat! +ot! issud +y Dr$ 0o#as G$ Cornl& Assistant City %alt! Officr& t!is

City& to t! da#ag and pr,udic of t! lgal !irs of said dcasd ROGELIO '$ MARARAC in t! a#ount ofnot lss t!an FIF0 0%OU?AND 'E?O? ;'()&)))$))9& '!ilippin currncy& and ot!r consuntial da#ags$

Contrary to Articl 1=2 of t! R"isd 'nal Cod$

Dagupan City& '!ilippins& Dc#+r 13& .33=$-1/

At t! arraign#nt on @anuary 4& .33(& accusdappllants counsl& t! 'u+lic Attornys Offic& fild an UrgntMotion to ?uspnd Arraign#nt and to Co##it Accusd to 'syc!iatric >ard at Baguio Gnral %ospital$ It was

allgd t!at accusdappllant could not proprly and intlligntly ntr a pla +caus ! was suffring fro# a

#ntal dfct< t!at +for t! co##ission of t! cri#& ! was confind at t! psyc!iatric ward of t! BaguioGnral %ospital in Baguio City$ % prayd for t! suspnsion of !is arraign#nt and t! issuanc of an ordr

confining !i# at t! said !ospital$-6/

0! #otion was opposd +y t! City 'roscutor$ 0! trial court& mot" proprio& propoundd s"ral ustions onaccusdappllant$ Finding t!at t! ustions wr undrstood and answrd +y !i# intlligntly& t! court

dnid t! #otion t!at sa# day$-=/

0! arraign#nt procdd and a pla of not guilty was ntrd +y t! court on accusdappllants +!alf$-(/

0! proscution prsntd four ;=9 witnsss& na#ly5 ;.9 Dr$ 0o#as Cornl& t! Assistant %alt! Officr of

Dagupan City w!o issud t! dat! crtificat and conductd t! autopsy on t! "icti#< ;19 Crisanto ?antillan&an ywitnss to t! incidnt< ;69 ?'O. Conrado Francisco& on of t! polic#n w!o appr!ndd accusdappllant< and ;=9 Rosalinda ?o+r#ont& t! "icti#s sistr$ 0! proscution sta+lis!d t! following facts5

In t! #orning of Dc#+r 1& .33=& at t! ?t$ @o!ns Cat!dral& Dagupan City& t! sacra#nt of confir#ation

was +ing prfor#d +y t! Ro#an Cat!olic Bis!op of Dagupan City on t! c!ildrn of Dagupan$ 0!

cat!dral was filld wit! #or t!an a t!ousand popl$ At ..5)) A$M$& naring t! clos of t! rits& t! Bis!opwnt down t! altar to gi" !is final +lssing to t! c!ildrn in t! front rows$ >!il t! Bis!op was gi"ing !is

 +lssing& a #an fro# t! crowd wnt up and wal8d towards t! cntr of t! altar$ % stoppd +sid t!

Bis!ops c!air& turnd around and& in full "iw of t! Cat!olic fait!ful& sat on t! Bis!ops c!air$0! #an wasaccusdappllant$ Crisanto ?antillan& w!o was assisting t! Bis!op at t! rits& saw accusd

appllant$ ?antillan approac!d accusdappllant and rustd !i# to "acat t! Bis!ops c!air$Gripping t!

c!airs ar#rst& accusdappllant rplid in 'angasins5 No #attr w!at will !appn& I will not #o" out:%aring t!is& ?antillan #o"d away$-4/

?o# of t! c!urc!gors su##ond Roglio Mararac& t! scurity guard at t! cat!dral$ Mararac wnt nar

accusdappllant and told !i# to "acat t! Bis!ops c!air$ Accusdappllant stard intnsly at t!

guard$ Mararac gra++d !is nig!tstic8 and usd it to tap accusdappllants !and on t! ar#rst$ Appllant didnot +udg$ Again& Mararac tappd t! lattrs !and$ ?till no raction$ Mararac was a+out to stri8 again w!n

suddnly accusdappllant drw a 8nif fro# !is +ac8& lungd at Mararac and sta++d !i#& !itting !i# +low

!is lft t!roat$Mararac fll$ Accusdappllant wnt o"r t! "icti# and trid to sta+ !i# again +ut Mararac parrid !is t!rust$ Accusdappllant loo8d up and around !i#$ % got up& wnt to t! #icrop!on and

s!outd5 Anggapuy nayan dia: ;No on can +at # !r:9$ % rturnd to t! Bis!ops c!air and sat on it

again$ Mararac& woundd and +lding& slowly draggd !i#slf down t! altar $-/

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Manw!il& ?'O. Conrado Francisco& w!o was dircting traffic outsid& rci"d a rport of a co##otioninsid t! cat!dral$ Rus!ing to t! cat!dral& ?'O. Francisco saw a #an& accusdappllant& wit! rd stains on

!is s!irt and a 8nif in on !and sitting on a c!air at t! cntr of t! altar$ % ran to accusdappllant and

ad"isd !i# to drop t! 8nif$ Accusdappllant o+yd$ % droppd t! 8nif and raisd !is !ands$0!rupon&

C!if Inspctor >ndy Rosario& Dputy 'olic C!if& Dagupan City& w!o was attnding t! confir#ation ritsat t! Cat!dral& wnt nar accusdappllant to pic8 up t! 8nif$ ?uddnly& accusdappllant #+racd C!if

Inspctor Rosario and t! two wrstld wit! ac! ot!r$ C!if Inspctor Rosario was a+l to su+du accusd

appllant$ 0! polic ca# and w!n t!y fris8d appllant& t!y found a lat!r sca++ard tuc8d around !iswaist$-2/ % was +roug!t to t! polic station and placd in ,ail$

In t! #anti#& Mararac& t! scurity guard& was +roug!t to t! !ospital w!r ! *pird a fw #inuts upon

arri"al$ % did of cardiorspiratory arrst& #assi"& intrat!oracic !#orr!ag& sta+ wound$-3/ % was found to

!a" sustaind two ;19 sta+ wounds5 on ,ust +low t! lft t!roat and t! ot!r on t! lft ar#$ 0! autopsyrportd t! following findings5

E0ERNAL FINDING?

.$ ?ta+ wound& along t! parastrnal lin& l"l of t! 1nd intrcostal spac& lft& . * . pntrating$ 0!dg of on sid of t! wound is s!arp and pointd$

1$ ?ta+ wound& antrolatral aspct& distal 6rd& ar#& lft& * * $ 0! dg of on sid of t! wound is

s!arp and pointd$IN0ERNAL FINDING?

Massi" intrat!oracic& lft& !#orr!ag wit! prforation of t! uppr and lowr lo+ of t! lft lung$ 0! lft

 pul#onary +lood "ssl was s"rly cut$-.)/

Aftr t! proscution rstd its cas& accusdappllant& wit! la" of court& fild a D#urrr to E"idnc$ %

clai#d t!at t! proscution faild to pro" t! cri# of #urdr +caus t!r was no "idnc of t!ualifying circu#stanc of trac!ry< t!at t!r was unlawful aggrssion +y t! "icti# w!n ! tappd accusdappllants !and wit! !is nig!tstic8< and t!at accusdappllant did not !a" sufficint a+ility to calculat !is

dfnsi" acts +caus ! was of unsound #ind$-../

0! D#urrr to E"idnc was opposd +y t! pu+lic proscutor$ % allgd t!at t! accusd prtndd to +

wa8& ta# and of unsound #ind< t!at aftr ! #ad t! first sta+& ! furiously continud sta++ing and slas!ingt! "icti# to finis! !i# off undtrrd +y t! fact t!at ! was in a !oly plac w!r a rligious cr#ony was

 +ing conductd< and t! pla of unsound #ind !ad alrady +n ruld upon +y t! trial court in its ordr of

@anuary 4& .33($-.1/

On F+ruary 1.& .33(& a lttr was snt +y Inspctor >ilfrdo F$ ald7& @ail >ardn of Dagupan City to t!

trial court$ Inspctor ald7 rustd t! court to allow accusdappllant& w!o was confind at t! city ,ail& to

 + tratd at t! Baguio Gnral %ospital to dtr#in w!t!r ! s!ould r#ain in ,ail or + transfrrd toso# ot!r institution$ 0! ot!r prisonrs wr allgdly not co#forta+l wit! appllant +caus ! !ad +n

*!i+iting unusual +!a"ior$ % trid to cli#+ up t! ,ail roof so ! could scap and s !is fa#ily$-.6/

As ordrd +y t! trial court& t! pu+lic proscutor fild a Co##nt to t! ,ail wardns lttr$ % ritratd t!at

t! #ntal condition of accusdappllant to stand trial !ad alrady +n dtr#ind< unlss a co#ptntgo"rn#nt agncy crtifis ot!rwis& t! trial s!ould procd< and t! city ,ail wardn was not t! propr

 prson to dtr#in w!t!r accusdappllant was #ntally ill or not$-.=/

In an ordr datd August 1.& .33(& t! trial court dnid t! D#urrr to E"idnc$-.(/ Accusdappllant #o"dfor rconsidration$

>!il t! #otion for rconsidration was pnding& on F+ruary 14& .334& counsl for accusdappllant fild a

Motion to Confin Accusd for '!ysical& Mntal and 'syc!iatric E*a#ination$ Appllants counsl infor#d t!

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court t!at accusdappllant !ad +n *!i+iting a+nor#al +!a"ior for t! past w8s< ! would s!out at t!top of !is "oic and caus panic a#ong t! ,ail in#ats and prsonnl< t!at appllant !ad not +n ating and

slping< t!at !is coin#ats !ad +n co#plaining of not gtting noug! slp for far of +ing attac8d +y

!i# w!il aslp< t!at onc& w!il t!y wr slping& appllant too8 out all !is prsonal ffcts and wast

#attr and +urnd t!# insid t! cll w!ic! again causd panic a#ong t! in#ats$ Appllants counsl praydt!at !is clint + confind at t! National Cntr for Mntal %alt! in Manila or at t! Baguio Gnral %ospital-.4/ Attac!d to t! #otion wr two ;19 lttrs$ On& datd F+ruary .3& .334& was fro# Inspctor 'drito

Llopis& @ail >ardn& Dagupan City& addrssd to t! trial court ,udg infor#ing !i# of appllants irrational +!a"ior and s8ing t! issuanc of a court ordr for t! i##diat psyc!iatric and #ntal *a#ination of

accusdappllant$-./ 0! scond lttr& datd F+ruary 1.& .334& was addrssd to Inspctor Llopis fro# t!

Bu8ang Liwayway Association& an association of in#ats in t! Dagupan City @ail$ 0! lttr& signd +y t!

 prsidnt& scrtary and ad"isr of said association& infor#d t! ,ail wardn of appllants unusual +!a"ior andrustd t!at i##diat action + ta8n against !i# to a"oid futur "iolnt incidnts in t! ,ail$-.2/

On ?pt#+r .2& .334& t! trial court dnid rconsidration of t! ordr dnying t! D#urrr to E"idnc$

0! court ordrd accusdappllant to prsnt !is "idnc on Octo+r .(& .334$-.3/

Accusdappllant did not ta8 t! witnss stand$ Instad& !is counsl prsntd t! tsti#ony of Dr$ Maria

?oldad Gawidan&-1)/ a rsidnt p!ysician in t! Dpart#nt of 'syc!iatry at t! Baguio Gnral %ospital& and

accusdappllants #dical and clinical rcords at t! said !ospital$ -1./ Dr$ Gawidan tstifid t!at appllant !ad +n confind at t! BG% fro# F+ruary .2& .336 to F+ruary 11& .336 and t!at ! suffrd fro#

?c!i7op!rnic 'syc!osis& 'aranoid 0ypsc!i7op!rnia& paranoid& c!ronic& paranoid typ%EREFORE& t! court finds accusd Ro+rto Estrada y Lop7 guilty +yond rasona+l dou+t of t! cri#of Murdr and in "iw of t! prsnc of t! aggra"ating circu#stanc of crulty w!ic! is not offst +y any

#itigating circu#stanc& t! accusd is sntncd to suffr t! Dat! 'nalty and to ind#nify t! !irs of t!

dcasd in t! a#ount of '()&)))$))$0! accusd is ordrd to pay t! su# of '.2&2)$)) rprsnting actual *pnss and '.))&)))$)) as #oral

da#ags$

?O ORDERED$-6(/

In t!is appal& accusdappllant assigns t! following rrors5I

0%E LO>ER COUR0 ERRED IN FINDING ACCU?EDA''ELLAN0 GUIL0 OF 0%E CRIME

C%ARGED& DE?'I0E CLEAR AND CONINCING EIDENCE ON RECORD& ?U''OR0ING %I?'LEA OF IN?ANI0$

II

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0%E LO>ER COUR0 LIE>I?E ERRED IN %OLDING 0%A0 0%E ?0ABBING 0O DEA0% OFROGELIO MARARAC >A? A00ENDED >I0% 0REAC%ER AND AGGRAA0ED B CRUEL0

GRAN0ING ARGUENDO 0%A0 ACCU?EDA''ELLAN0? 'LEA OF IN?ANI0 CANNO0 BE

CON?IDERED AN EEM'0ING CIRCUM?0ANCE$-64/

0! +asic principl in our cri#inal law is t!at a prson is cri#inally lia+l for a flony co##ittd +y !i#$-6/ Undr t! classical t!ory on w!ic! our pnal cod is #ainly +asd& t! +asis of cri#inal lia+ility is !u#an

fr will$-62/ Man is ssntially a #oral cratur wit! an a+solutly fr will to c!oos +twn good and "il$-63/ >!n ! co##its a flonious or cri#inal act ;deito dooso9& t! act is prsu#d to !a" +n don"oluntarily&-=)/ i.e.& wit! frdo#& intllignc and intnt$-=./ Man& t!rfor& s!ould + ad,udgd or !ld

accounta+l for wrongful acts so long as fr will appars uni#paird$-=1/

In t! a+snc of "idnc to t! contrary& t! law prsu#s t!at "ry prson is of sound #ind -=6/ and t!at al

acts ar "oluntary$-==/

 0! #oral and lgal prsu#ption undr our law is t!at frdo# and intllignc constitutt! nor#al condition of a prson$-=(/ 0!is prsu#ption& !ow"r& #ay + o"rt!rown +y ot!r factors< and on of

t!s is insanity w!ic! *#pts t! actor fro# cri#inal lia+ility$-=4/

0! R"isd 'nal Cod in Articl .1 ;.9 pro"ids5 RT. *. !irc"mstances +hich eempt from crimina iabiity$0! following ar *#pt fro# cri#inal lia+ility5

.$ An i#+cil or an insan prson& unlss t! lattr !as actd during a lucid intr"al$

>!n t! i#+cil or an insan prson !as co##ittd an act w!ic! t! law dfins as a flony ;deito9& t!court s!all ordr !is confin#nt in on of t! !ospitals or asylu#s sta+lis!d for prsons t!us afflictd&

w!ic! ! s!all not + pr#ittd to la" wit!out first o+taining t! pr#ission of t! sa# court$

An insan prson is *#pt fro# cri#inal lia+ility unlss ! !as actd during a lucid intr"al$ If t! courtt!rfor finds t! accusd insan w!n t! allgd cri# was co##ittd& ! s!all + acuittd +ut t! court

s!all ordr !is confin#nt in a !ospital or asylu# for trat#nt until ! #ay + rlasd wit!out dangr$ Anacuittal of t! accusd dos not rsult in !is outrig!t rlas& +ut rat!r in a "rdict w!ic! is followd +yco##it#nt of t! accusd to a #ntal institution$-=/

In t! ys of t! law& insanity *ists w!n t!r is a co#plt dpri"ation of intllignc in co##itting t! act$

Mr a+nor#ality of t! #ntal facultis will not *clud i#puta+ility$-=2/ 0! accusd #ust + so insan as to

 + incapa+l of ntrtaining a cri#inal intnt$-=3/ % #ust + dpri"d of rason and act wit!out t! lastdiscrn#nt +caus t!r is a co#plt a+snc of t! powr to discrn or a total dpri"ation of frdo# of t!

will$-()/

?inc t! prsu#ption is always in fa"or of sanity& ! w!o in"o8s insanity as an *#pting circu#stanc #ust pro" it +y clar and positi" "idnc$-(./ And t! "idnc on t!is point #ust rfr to t! ti# prcding t!

act undr proscution or to t! "ry #o#nt of its *cution$-(1/

0o ascrtain a prsons #ntal condition at t! ti# of t! act& it is pr#issi+l to rci" "idnc of t!condition of !is #ind wit!in a rasona+l priod +ot! +for and aftr t!at ti#$ -(6/ Dirct tsti#ony is not

ruird$-(=/  Nit!r ar spcific acts of drang#nt ssntial to sta+lis! insanity as a dfns-((/ Circu#stantial "idnc& if clar and con"incing& suffics< for t! unfat!o#a+l #ind can only + 8nown +y

o"rt acts$ A prsons t!oug!ts& #oti"s& and #otions #ay + "aluatd only +y outward acts to dtr#inw!t!r t!s confor# to t! practic of popl of sound #ind$ -(4/

In t! cas at +ar& t!r is no dirct proof t!at accusdappllant was afflictd wit! insanity at t! ti# ! 8illd

Mararac$ 0! a+snc of dirct proof& n"rt!lss& dos not ntirly discount t! pro+a+ility t!at appllant wasnot of sound #ind at t!at ti#$ Fro# t! affida"it of Crisanto ?antillan -(/ attac!d to t! Infor#ation& t!r ar

crtain circu#stancs t!at s!ould !a" placd t! trial court on notic t!at appllant #ay not !a" +n in full

 possssion of !is #ntal facultis w!n ! attac8d Mararac$ It was !ig!ly unusual for a san prson to go up to

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t! altar and sit on t! Bis!ops c!air w!il t! Bis!op was ad#inistring t! %oly ?acra#nt of Confir#ationto c!ildrn in a ,a#pac8d cat!dral$ It gos against nor#al and ordinary +!a"ior for appllant& wit!out

sufficint pro"ocation fro# t! scurity guard& to sta+ t! lattr at t! altar& during sacra#ntal rits and in front

of all t! Cat!olic fait!ful to witnss$ Appllant did not fl& or at last att#pt to fl aftr t! sta++ing$ %

nonc!alantly approac!d t! #icrop!on and& o"r t! pu+lic addrss syst#& uttrd words to t! fait!fulw!ic! no rational prson would !a" #ad$ % t!n rturnd to t! Bis!ops c!air and sat t!r as if not!ing

!appnd$

Accusdappllants !istory of #ntal illnss was +roug!t to t! courts attntion on t! day of t!arraign#nt$ Counsl for accusdappllant #o"d for suspnsion of t! arraign#nt on t! ground t!at !is

clint could not proprly and intlligntly ntr a pla du to !is #ntal condition$ 0! Motion for ?uspnsion is

aut!ori7d undr ?ction .1& Rul ..4 of t! .32( Ruls on Cri#inal 'rocdur w!ic! pro"ids5

-ec. *. -"spension of arraignment $0! arraign#nt s!all + suspndd& if at t! ti# t!rof5;a9 0! accusd appars to + suffring fro# an unsound #ntal condition w!ic! ffcti"ly rndrs !i# una+l

to fully undrstand t! c!arg against !i# and to plad intlligntly t!rto$ In suc! cas& t! court s!all ordr

!is #ntal *a#ination and& if ncssary& !is confin#nt for suc! purpos$;+9 * * *$

0! arraign#nt of an accusd s!all + suspndd if at t! ti# t!rof ! appars to + suffring fro# an

unsound #ntal condition of suc! natur as to rndr !i# una+l to fully undrstand t! c!arg against !i# andto plad intlligntly t!rto$ Undr t!s circu#stancs& t! court #ust suspnd t! procdings and ordr t!

#ntal *a#ination of t! accusd& and if confin#nt + ncssary for *a#ination& ordr suc! confin#nt

and *a#ination$ If t! accusd is not in full possssion of !is #ntal facultis at t! ti# ! is infor#d at t!arraign#nt of t! natur and caus of t! accusation against !i#& t! procss is itslf a feo de se, for ! can

nit!r co#pr!nd t! full i#port of t! c!arg nor can ! gi" an intllignt pla t!rto$-(2/

0! ustion of suspnding t! arraign#nt lis wit!in t! discrtion of t! trial court$ -(3/And t! tst todtr#in w!t!r t! procdings will + suspndd dpnds on t! ustion of w!t!r t! accusd& "n

wit! t! assistanc of counsl& would !a" a fair trial$ 0!is rul was laid down as arly as .3.& t!us5

In passing on t! ustion of t! proprity of suspnding t! procdings against an accusd prson on t!

ground of prsnt insanity& t! ,udgs s!ould +ar in #ind t!at not "ry a+rration of t! #ind or *!i+ition of#ntal dficincy is sufficint to ,ustify suc! suspnsion$ Te te&t %& to be o- % te -e&t%o eter te#cc-&e o-$ #e # #%r tr%#$, %t te #&&%&t#ce %c te $# &ec-re& or 7%e& < and it is o+"ious t!atundr a syst# of procdur li8 ours w!r "ry accusd prson !as lgal counsl& it is not ncssary to + so particular as it usd to + in England w!r t! accusd !ad no ad"ocat +ut !i#slf$-4)/ In t! A#rican

 ,urisdiction& t! issu of t! accusds prsnt insanity or insanity at t! ti# of t! court procdings is sparat

and distinct fro# !is cri#inal rsponsi+ility at t! ti# of co##ission of t! act$ 0! dfns of insanity in acri#inal trial concrns t! dfndants #ntal condition at t! ti# of t! cri#s co##ission$ 'rsnt insanity is

co##only rfrrd to as co#ptncy to stand trial-4./  and rlats to t! appropriatnss of conducting t!

cri#inal procding in lig!t of t! dfndants prsnt ina+ility to participat #aningfully and ffcti"ly$ -41/In

co#ptncy cass& t! accusd #ay !a" +n san or insan during t! co##ission of t! offns w!ic!rlats to a dtr#ination of !is guilt$ %ow"r& if ! is found inco#ptnt to stand trial& t! trial is si#ply

 postpond until suc! ti# as ! #ay + found co#ptnt$ Inco#ptncy to stand trial is not a dfns< it #rly

 postpons t! trial$-46/

In dtr#ining a dfndants co#ptncy to stand trial& t! tst is w!t!r ! !as t! capacity to co#pr!nd !is

 position& undrstand t! natur and o+,ct of t! procdings against !i#& to conduct !is dfns in a rational

#annr& and to cooprat& co##unicat wit!& and assist !is counsl to t! nd t!at any a"aila+l dfns #ay

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 + intrposd$-4=/

 0!is tst is prscri+d +y stat law +ut it *ists gnrally as a statutory rcognition of t! rulat co##on law$-4(/ 0!us5

-I/t is not noug! for t! * * * ,udg to find t!at t! dfndant -is/ orintd to ti# and plac& and -!as/ so#

rcollction of "nts& +ut t!at t! tst #ust + w!t!r ! !as sufficint prsnt a+ility to consult wit! !is

lawyr wit! a rasona+l dgr of rational undrstandingand w!t!r ! !as a rational as wll as factualundrstanding of t! procdings against !i#$-44/

0!r ar two distinct #attrs to + dtr#ind undr t!is tst5 ;.9 w!t!r t! dfndant is sufficintly co!rnt

to pro"id !is counsl wit! infor#ation ncssary or rl"ant to constructing a dfns< and ;19 w!t!r ! isa+l to co#pr!nd t! significanc of t! trial and !is rlation to it$ -4/ 0! first ruisit is t! rlation +twn

t! dfndant and !is counsl suc! t!at t! dfndant #ust + a+l to confr co!rntly wit! !is counsl$ 0!

scond is t! rlation of t! dfndant "isa"is t! court procdings& i$$& t!at ! #ust !a" a rational as wll

as a factual undrstanding of t! procdings$-42/

0! rul +arring trial or sntnc of an insan prson is for t! protction of t! accusd& rat!r t!an of t!

 pu+lic$-43/ It !as +n !ld t!at it is in!u#an to ruir an accusd disa+ld +y act of God to #a8 a ,ust dfns

for !is lif or li+rty$-)/ 0o put a lgally inco#ptnt prson on trial or to con"ict and sntnc !i# is a "iolationof t! constitutional rig!ts to a fair trial -./ and du procss of law

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0! accusd could answr intlligntly$ % could undrstand t! ustions as8d of !i#$>%EREFORE& for lac8 of #rit& t! Urgnt Motion to ?uspnd Arraign#nt and to Co##it Accusd to

'syc!iatric >ard at Baguio Gnral %ospital& is !r+y DENIED$

?O ORDERED$-3/

0! fact t!at accusdappllant was a+l to answr t! ustions as8d +y t! trial court is not conclusi""idnc t!at ! was co#ptnt noug! to stand trial and assist in !is dfns$ ?ction .1& Rul ..4 spa8s of

an unsound #ntal condition t!at ffcti"ly rndrs -t! accusd/ una+l to fully undrstand t! c!arg against

!i# and to plad intlligntly t!rto$ It is not clar w!t!r accusdappllant was of suc! sound #ind as tofully undrstand t! c!arg against !i#$ It is also not crtain w!t!r !is pla was #ad intlligntly$ 0! pla

of not guilty was not #ad +y accusdappllant +ut +y t! trial court +caus of !is rfusal to plad$-2)/

0! trial court too8 it solly upon itslf to dtr#in t! sanity of accusdappllant$ 0! trial ,udg is not a

 psyc!iatrist or psyc!ologist or so# ot!r *prt uippd wit! t! spciali7d 8nowldg of dtr#ining t!stat of a prsons #ntal !alt!$ 0o dtr#in t! accusdappllants co#ptncy to stand trial& t! court& in t!

instant cas& s!ould !a" at last ordrd t! *a#ination of accusdappllant& spcially in t! lig!t of t!

lattrs !istory of #ntal illnss$If t! #dical !istory was not noug! to crat a rasona+l dou+t in t! ,udgs #ind of accusdappllants

co#ptncy to stand trial& su+sunt "nts s!ould !a" don so$ On #ont! aftr t! proscution rstd its

cas& t! @ail >ardn of Dagupan City wrot t! trial ,udg infor#ing !i# of accusdappllants unusual +!a"ior and rusting t!at ! + *a#ind at t! !ospital to dtr#in w!t!r ! s!ould r#ain in ,ail or +

 placd in so# ot!r institution$ 0! trial ,udg ignord t!is lttr$ On yar latr& accusdappllants counsl

fild a Motion to Confin Accusd for '!ysical& Mntal and 'syc!iatric E*a#ination$ Attac!d to t!is #otionwas a scond lttr +y t! nw @ail >ardn of Dagupan City acco#panid +y a lttrco#plaint of t! ##+rs

of t! Bu8ang Liwayway Association of t! city ,ail$ Dspit t! two ;19 attac!d lttrs&-2./

 t! ,udg ignordt! Motion to Confin Accusd for '!ysical& Mntal and 'syc!iatric E*a#ination$ 0! rcords ar +arrn of anyordr disposing of t! said #otion$ 0! trial court instad ordrd accusdappllant to prsnt !is "idnc$-21/

Dr$ Gawidan tstifid t!at t! illnss of accusdappllant& i$$& sc!i7op!rnia& paranoid typ& is a lifti# illnss

and t!at t!is ruirs #aintnanc #dication to a"oid rlapss$ -26/ Aftr accusdappllant was disc!argd on

F+ruary 11& .336& ! n"r rturnd to t! !ospital& not "n for a c!c8up$-2=/

Accusdappllant did not ta8 t! witnss stand$ %is counsl #anifstd t!at accusdappllant was wai"ing

t! rig!t to tstify in !is own +!alf +caus ! was suffring fro# #ntal illnss$ -2(/ 0!is #anifstation was

#ad in opn court #or t!an two ;19 yars aftr t! cri#& and still& t! clai# of #ntal illnss was ignord +yt! trial court$ And dspit all t! o"rw!l#ing indications of accusdappllants stat of #ind& t! ,udg

 prsistd in !is prsonal assss#nt and n"r "n considrd su+,cting accusdappllant to a #dical

*a#ination$ 0o top it all& t! ,udg found appllant guilty and sntncd !i# to dat!:?ction .1& Rul ..4 of t! .32( Ruls on Cri#inal 'rocdur spa8s of a #ntal *a#ination$ -24/ 0! !u#an

#ind is an ntity& and undrstanding it is not purly an intllctual procss +ut dpnds to a larg dgr upon

#otional and psyc!ological apprciation$-2/ 0!us& an intllignt dtr#ination of an accusds capacity for

rational undrstanding oug!t to rst on a dpr and #or co#pr!nsi" diagnosis of !is #ntal condition t!anlay#n can #a8 t!roug! o+sr"ation of !is o"rt +!a"ior$ Onc a #dical or psyc!iatric diagnosis is #ad&

t!n can t! lgal ustion of inco#ptncy + dtr#ind +y t! trial court$ By t!is ti#& t! accusds a+ilitis

#ay + #asurd against t! spcific d#ands a trial will #a8 upon !i#$-22/

If t! #ntal *a#ination on accusdappllant !ad +n pro#ptly and proprly #ad& it #ay !a" sr"d a

dual purpos-23/  +y dtr#ining +ot! !is co#ptncy to stand trial and !is sanity at t! ti# of t! offns$ In

so# '!ilippin cass& t! #dical and clinical findings of insanity #ad i##diatly aftr t! co##ission of

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t! cri# sr"d as on of t! +ass for t! acuittal of t! accusd$-3)/

 0! cri# in t! instant cas wasco##ittd way +ac8 in Dc#+r .33=& al#ost si* ;49 yars ago$ At t!is lat !our& a #dical finding alon #ay

#a8 it i#possi+l for us to "aluat appllants #ntal condition at t! ti# of t! cri#s co##ission for !i#

to a"ail of t! *#pting circu#stanc of insanity$-3./ Nont!lss& undr t! prsnt circu#stancs& accusd

appllants co#ptnc to stand trial #ust + proprly ascrtaind to na+l !i# to participat in !is trial#aningfully$

By dpri"ing appllant of a #ntal *a#ination& t! trial court ffcti"ly dpri"d appllant of a fair trial$ 0!

trial courts nglignc was a "iolation of t! +asic ruir#nts of du procss< and for t!is rason& t! procdings +for t! said court #ust + nullifid$ In Peope v. -erafica&-31/ w ordrd t!at t! ,oint dcision

of t! trial court + "acatd and t! cass r#andd to t! court a '"o for propr procding$ 0! accusd& w!o

was c!argd wit! two ;19 counts of #urdr and on ;.9 count of frustratd #urdr& ntrd a pla of guilty to all

t!r c!args and was sntncd to dat!$ > found t!at t! accusds pla was not an unconditional ad#issionof guilt +caus ! was not in full possssion of !is #ntal facultis w!n ! 8illd t! "icti#< and t!r+y

ordrd t!at ! + su+,ctd to t! ncssary #dical *a#ination to dtr#in !is dgr of insanity at t!

ti# of co##ission of t! cri#$-36/

IN IE* *HEREOF& t! dcision of t! Rgional 0rial Court& Branc! ==& Dagupan City in Cri#inalCas No$ 3=))24)D con"icting accusdappllant Ro+rto Estrada and sntncing !i# to dat! is "acatd and

t! cas is r#andd to t! court a '"o for t! conduct of a propr #ntal *a#ination on accusdappllant& adtr#ination of !is co#ptncy to stand trial& and for furt!r procdings$

SO OR"ERE".

?ECOND DII?ION[G.R. No. 12/8//. 9r%$ 2+, 2000]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff :appellee, vs. RO"OLFO ILL, R. ; "ELG"O, accused :appellant . LE<

" E ' I S I O N

(ELLOSILLO, J .)RODOLFO ILLA& @R$ DELGADO appals fro# t! Dcision of t! trial court con"icting !i# of four ;=9

sparat cri#s of Murdr ualifid +y trac!ry and sntncing !i# to rec"sion perpet"a for ac! #urdr$ %

was also ordrd to ind#nify t! !irs of !is four ;=9 "icti#s in t! a#ount of '()&)))$)) for ac! group of

!irs or a total of '1))&)))$))$-./ Nc##is0! antcdnts5 In t! arly #orning of 11 @un .33. Dionito Frnand7 was cutting grass in !is yard in Nw

Ca+alan& Olongapo City$ Accusd Rodolfo illa& @r$& a ##+r of t! CAFGU and nig!+or of Dionito&

suddnly ca# out of !is !ous wit! !is M. Garand rifl-1/ and s!ot Dionito fro# +!ind 8illing !i# instantly$

Ronald Frnand7 and ?!ila Frnand7& c!ildrn of Dionito& rus!d to t!ir fat!rs rscu aftr !aring t!

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guns!ot +ut t! accusd also fird at t!# fatally !itting Ronald w!o was #+racing !is fat!r& and #ortallywounding ?!ila on t! t!ig! and sto#ac!$ ?a#ul Ecl"ia& anot!r nig!+or of t! Frnand7s& att#ptd to

wrstl t! rifl fro# t! accusd +ut ?a#ul too was gunnd down$  ?cnc#

Aftr !is ra#pag& Rodolfo illa @r$ surrndrd to a crtain Captain Dolino of ?1 OMDC ;Olongapo

Mtropolitan District Co##and9$-6/Rodolfo was accordingly c!argd wit! #ultipl #urdr$ >!n arraignd on

6 Octo+r .33. ! ntrd a pla of not guilty$ Latr !ow"r !is counsl& Atty$ Cipriano Du#pit& #anifstd in

opn court t!at t! accusd was dsirous of c!anging !is pla to guilty$ 0!raftr& t! accusd in"o8d slf

dfns insofar as Dionito Frnand7 was concrnd& as t! lattr trid to sta+ !i# wit! a +olo$ 0!us& according

to t! accusd& ! was forcd to s!oot Dionito wit! !is rifl$-=/ 0! trial court t!n procdd to propound

sarc!ing ustions on t! accusd to dtr#in w!t!r ! undrstood t! natur and consuncs of !is

c!ang of pla& and upon +ing satisfid wit! t! answrs gi"n +y t! accusd w!o was assistd +y counsl&t! court allowd t! c!ang of pla$-(/

Manw!il& on .4 @uly .331& t! trial court issud an ordr appointing Atty$ Ro#o Alina as counsl de

oficio for t! accusd& as !is counslde parte Atty$ Cipriano Du#pit was una"aila+l du to !is ongoing #dical

trat#nt$-4/ Bfor t! dfns could prsnt its "idnc& !ow"r& counsl de oficio Alina #anifstd !is

ina+ility to confr wit! t! accusd +ut #o"d t!at a psyc!iatric *a#ination of t! accusd + #ad at t!

 National Cntr for Mntal %alt! to dtr#in !is #ntal condition$ 0! #otion was grantd and t! accusd

was *a#ind at t! Olongapo City Gnral %ospital to ascrtain w!t!r ! was suffring fro# #ntal illnss

 +for& during and aftr t! co##ission of t! cri#s$-/ ?daa#iso

Dr$ Ro#o Enriu7& t! *a#ining psyc!iatrist at t! Olongapo City Gnral %ospital& rco##ndd t!at t!

accusd + confind at t! National Cntr for Mntal %alt!& Fornsic 'a"illion& w!r an "aluation procss

for t! possi+ility of insanity could + #ad$-2/ 0!us& on = No"#+r .33=& t! accusd was confind and

tratd at t! National Cntr for Mntal %alt!& undr t! dirct supr"ision of Dr$ Clst A$ C$ 'a& Mdical

Officr III& and Dr$ Isagani ?$ Gon7als& Mdical ?pcialist II& '!ysicianinc!arg Mal Court Cas 'a"illion$

On 1. Dc#+r .33=& aftr #or t!an a #ont! of psyc!iatric "aluation& t! attnding p!ysicians su+#ittd to

t! trial court a psyc!iatric "aluation rport&-3/ w!ic! statd in part

 PSYCHIATRIC !A"#ATION RS#"TS$ ?daad

 Eva"ation sho+s that the patient is s"ffering from Insanity or Psychosis cassified as

-chizophrenia. This is a menta iness characterized by deterioration in socia and occ"pationa 

 f"nctioning, a"ditory ha"cination, de"sion, tho"ght dist"rbances and poor "dgment. /e is at

 present incompetent to stand tria. RMAR%S AN& RCOMMN&ATIONS$

 /e is recommended for f"rther confinement and treatment.?i* ;49 #ont!s latr& or on ( @un .33(& a followup rport on t! patints psyc!iatric status was #ad& t!is ti#

 +y Dr$ C!ryl alsos& wit! r#ar8s t!at t! patints status !ad i#pro"d noug! for !i# to wit!stand t! rigors

of t! trial$ 0!us& Adoracion Manuit& OfficrinC!arg of t! Lgal ?ction& National Cntr for Mntal %alt!

fild a Petition for Reease praying t!at t! accusd + disc!argd and rturnd to ,ail for t! spdy disposition

of !is cas& and furt!r rco##nding t!at ! + allowd to undrgo priodic c!c8up to sustain !is i#pro"d

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#ntal stat as wll as to pr"nt a rlaps of !is illnss$-.)/

 In its Ordr of 1. @un .33( t! trial court grantdt! ptition and t! trial rsu#d wit! t! accusd now raising insanity as a dfns$ @,l*

On 6 April .33 t! trial court disrgardd t! dfns of insanity and fort!wit! con"ictd t! accusd of t!

cri#s c!argd$ 0!us

The co"rt is not convinced that the acc"sed +as s"ffering from insanity of schizophrenic type

before or d"ring the kiing. The eva"ation reports do not say so in "ne'"ivoca terms. 0r.

 1asos, d"ring her direct testimony, did not testify to that effect. In her cross eamination, she,

ho+ever, mentioned in passing that the acc"sed +as s"ffering from schizophrenia d"ring the

commission of the offense. The co"rt noted that she +as "ns"re of her aegation. The said

reports and the testimony of 0r. 1asos simpy reveaed that the acc"sed s"ffered from insanity or

 psychosis cassified as schizophrenia. In order that insanity can be considered as an eemptingcirc"mstance, it m"st be sho+n to eist "st before or d"ring the commission of the offense

(Peope v. '"ino, 23 -!R 24). so, in order to eempt the acc"sed from crimina iabiity it

m"st be sho+n beyond cavi of do"bt that there +as compete deprivation of reason or

discernment and freedom of the +i at the time of the commission of the crime (Peope v.

 Renegado, 45 -!R *54). These the acc"sed faied to prove.

In rsol"ing t!is appal w nd not inuir into t! 8illing of t! "icti#s as t!is was alrady ad#ittd +y

accusdappllant& nor into !is t!ory of slfdfns w!ic! ! did not pursu& #uc! #or pro"& during t!

trial$ 0! only issu to + rsol"d is w!t!r accusdappllant was insan during t! co##ission of t!

cri#s as would *#pt !i# fro# cri#inal lia+ility$ Mis,uris

> affir# t! ,udg#nt of con"iction$ Insanity *ists w!n t!r is co#plt dpri"ation of intllignc w!ilco##itting t! act& i$$& t! accusd is dpri"d of rason& ! acts wit!out t! last discrn#nt +caus t!r is

co#plt a+snc of powr to discrn& or t!at t!r is total dpri"ation of frdo# of t! will$ Mr a+nor#ality

of t! #ntal facultis is not noug!& spcially if t! offndr !as not lost consciousnss of !is acts$-../

Insanity is "incd +y a drangd and pr"rtd condition of t! #ntal facultis w!ic! is #anifstd in

languag and conduct$ An insan prson !as no full and clar undrstanding of t! natur and consuncs of

!is acts$ %nc& insanity #ay + s!own +y t! surrounding circu#stancs fairly t!rowing lig!t on t! su+,ct&

suc! as "idnc of t! allgd drangd prsons gnral conduct and apparanc& !is acts and conduct

consistnt wit! !is pr"ious c!aractr and !a+its& !is irrational acts and +lifs& as wll as !is i#pro"idnt

 +argains$ 0! "agaris of t! #ind can only + 8nown +y outward acts& +y #ans of w!ic! w rad t!oug!ts&

#oti"s and #otions of a prson& and t!roug! w!ic! w dtr#in w!t!r t! acts confor# to t! practic of

 popl of sound #ind$-.1/ @urissc

E*a#ining t! "idnc on rcord& w ar con"incd t!at accusdappllant was san at t! ti# ! prptratd

t! 8illings$ 0! following circu#stancs clarly and un#ista8a+ly ngat a co#plt a+snc of intllignc on

!is part5 ;a9 I##diatly aftr ! 8illd t! "icti#s ! t!oug!t of surrndring to t! 'C Dtac!#nt in

Olongapo City< ;+9 % s!owd r#ors during !is confin#nt at t! Mntal %ospital

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to t! lawnforc#nt aut!oritis is incontsta+l proof t!at ! 8nw t!at w!at ! !ad don was wrong andt!at ! was going to + punis!d for it$J ?i#ilarly& a fling of r#ors is inconsistnt wit! insanity& as it is a

clar indication t!at ! was conscious of !is acts& ! ac8nowldgd !is guilt and was sorry for t!#$ ?c,uris

>!at #ilitats !a"ily against !is pla of insanity is !is signd stat#nt +for t! 'roscutors Offic datd ..

Octo+r .33. w!ic! #anifsts on its fac t!at ! was #ntally sound at t! ti# of t! 8illings$ 0! ?worn

?tat#nt is uotd !rundr for +ttr apprciation and rady rfrnc  %a h"migit k"m"ang ng ika8pito ng "maga, nagbibihis pa ako ng "niform para mag8d"ty ng

marinig ko si #r. 0ionito 9ernandez na nagsabi ng ninaka+ ng gagong !9&: ang mga

manok ko kagabi. Pagkarinig ko noon, ako ay "mabas para tan"ngin k"ng sinong !9&: ang

nagnaka+ ng kanyang manok, at s"magot siya ng anong pakiaam mo, tinanong ko siyang m"i

na bakit nakarinig ako ng !9&:, sinong !9&: iyon, ako ang naman ang !9&: rito saatin ah. -"magot siya ng /oy p"tang ina mo, hindi ako natatakot sa bari mo, +aang bari8bari

 sa akin gago,; sabay dampot niya sa itak at paharap sa akin, nabiga ako at nag8aangan na

baka ibato o itaga niya sa akin ang ha+ak niyang itak at nakaabit ko ang gatiyo ng aking bari 

at siya ay tinamaan

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?aa pong katotohanan ang kaniang hinaa na si tatay ko, Rodofo =ia, -r. ay nakiaam saaking mga gina+a. -arii ko po amang ang pagkabari sa mga nasabing tao.

> find it incrdi+l for a supposdly drangd prson to r##+r "i"idly and gi" suc! a lucid and dtaild

account of t! carnag& fro# t! #o#nt ! s!ot !is first "icti# up to t! ti# ! surrndrd to t! aut!oritis$

Kuit notica+l also& att#pts to ,ustify !is cri#inal acts pr"ad t! -+orn -tatement  w!ic! only a prfctly

san and intllignt prson& not a d#ntd on& would + capa+l of #a8ing$Moro"r& if w wr to follow accusdappllants narration of t! incidnt in !is -+orn -tatement & it will

appar t!at ! slaug!trd !is "icti#s in a fit of rag aftr Dionito Frnand7& !is first "icti#& allgdly accusd

!i# of staling c!ic8ns and cursd !i# saying& J p 8 t 8 g ina mo&J and& J gago$J 0!s ngat insanity$ 0!r is a

"ast diffrnc +twn a gnuinly insan prson and on w!o !as wor8d !i#slf up into suc! a frn7y of

angr t!at ! fails to us rason or good ,udg#nt in w!at ! dos$ A #an so#ti#s dos cra7y t!ings w!nnragd +ut it dos not ncssarily and conclusi"ly pro" t!at ! is insan$  #iso0! law prsu#s "ry #an to + of sound #ind$ Ot!rwis statd& t! law prsu#s all acts to + "oluntary&

and t!at it is i#propr to prsu# t!at acts wr don unconsciously$ 0!us& a prson accusd of a cri# w!o

 plads t! *#pting circu#stanc of insanity !as t! +urdn of pro"ing it$-.4/ Insanity is a dfns +y way of

confssion and a"oidanc& and as suc! t! uantu# of "idnc ruird to pro" t!at is clar and con"incing

"idnc$0! dfns +an8s !a"ily on t! findings of t! psyc!iatrists at t! National Cntr for Mntal %alt!&

spcifically t! pysc!iatric "aluation rport of Dr$ 'a and Dr$ Gon7als&-./ and t! tsti#ony of Dr$ alsos&

t!at ! was suffring fro# insanity or psyc!osis classifid as sc!i7op!rnia$ 0! doctors arri"d at t!is

conclusion aftr a sris of #dical and psyc!ological *a#inations on accusdappllant during !isconfin#nt at t! cntr$%ow"r& w ar still in a uandary as to w!t!r accusdappllant was rally insan w!n ! co##ittd t!

cri#s$ Firstly& w fail to discrn anyt!ing fro# t! psyc!iatric "aluation rport t!at accusdappllants

 ,udg#nt and #ntal facultis wr totally i#paird as to warrant t! conclusion t!at !is #ntal condition in

.33. w!n ! 8illd !is "icti#s& and in .33= w!n ! was ad#ittd for psyc!iatric trat#nt at t! cntr& was

t! sa# so t!at !is guilt or #ntal co#ptnc at t! ti# ! co##ittd t! cri#s #ay + rasona+ly

dou+td$ ?condly& wit!out t! last intntion of casting dou+t on t! 8nowldg and intgrity of *prt

witnsss& w agr wit! t! trial court t!at t! rsults of t! *a#inations conductd +y t! psyc!iatrists on

accusdappllant appar to + +asd on inco#plt or insufficint facts$ Rcords s!ow t!at t! psyc!iatrists

rlid #ainly on t! data supplid +y accusdappllant and !is polic scort& wit!out conducting an

indpndnt intr"iw of any of accusdappllants fa#ily ##+rs& rlati"s or prsons w!o could pro"id

infor#ation on !is stat of #ind +for or during t! co##ission of t! offnss$ If ! rally was insan at t!

ti# of t! #urdrs& crtainly suc! a condition could not !a" scapd t! notic of ot!r prsons& frinds and

strangrs ali8& including t! i##diat ##+rs of !is fa#ily$ apdc

It could + t!at accusdappllant was insan at t! ti# ! was *a#ind at t! cntr$ But& in all pro+a+ility&

suc! insanity was contractd during t! priod of !is dtntion pnding trial$ % was wit!out contact wit!

frinds and rlati"s #ost of t! ti#$ % was trou+ld +y !is conscinc& t! rali7ation of t! gra"ity of t!

offnss and t! t!oug!t of a +la8 futur for !i#$ 0! conflunc of t!s circu#stancs #ay !a" conspird

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>!at distinguis!s #an fro# +ast is !is intllct$ Mans action is guidd and controlld +y !is #ind$ Law isdsignd for rational +ings as it is +asd on our in!rnt sns of rig!t w!ic! is inspara+l fro# rason$ 0!us&

w!n #ans rasoning is so distortd +y disas t!at ! is totally incapa+l of distinguis!ing rig!t fro# wrong&

! loss rsponsi+ility +for t! law$ In t! cas at +ar& w ar as8d to rsol" w!t!r or not t! accusd&

in"o8ing insanity& can clai# *#ption fro# lia+ility for t! cri# ! co##ittd$

Accusd FERNANDO MADARANG y MAGNO was c!argd wit! parricid for 8illing !is wif LILIA

MADARANG in an Infor#ation-./ w!ic! rads5

J0!at on or a+out ?pt#+r 6& .336& at 'o+lacion& #unicipality of Infant& pro"inc of

'angasinan& '!ilippins& and wit!in t! ,urisdiction of t!is %onora+l Court& t! a+o"na#d

accusd& wit! "idnt pr#ditation and trac!ry& ar#d wit! a +ladd wapon& did t!n and

t!r& wilfully& unlawfully and floniously attac8 and sta+ LILIA M$ MADARANG& !islgiti#at wif& inflicting upon !r sta+ wound = .H1 inc!s +y . .H1 inc!;s9long and 6H.4 of an

inc! wid& locatd ,ust +low t! lft cla"icl . 6H= inc!;s9 latral to t! suprastrnal notc!& and

 plowd along t! intrpac slig!tly coursing upward and postriorly and sta+ wound . inc! in

lngt!& gaping and 6 .H1 inc!;s9 dp& locatd at t! rig!t ar# at its #dial aspct& coursing

upwards and #dially towards t! ap* of t! rig!t a*illa w!ic! causd !r instantanous dat!&

to t! da#ag and pr,udic of t! !irs of Lilia M$ Madarang$J

JContrary to Art$ 1=4 of t! R"isd 'nal Cod$J

At t! arraign#nt& t! accusd rfusd to ntr a pla$ 'ursuant to t! Ruls& t! trial court ntrd a Jnot

guiltyJ pla for !i#$ At t! initial !aring of t! cas on May (& .33=& t! accusds counsl #anifstd t!at !is

clint !ad +n o+sr"d +!a"ing in an a+nor#al #annr insid t! pro"incial ,ail$ 0!us& t! Court calld t!accusd to t! stand +ut ! rfusd to answr any of t! ustions propoundd +y t! court$ %nc& on t! sa#

dat& t! Court issud an Ordr -1/ dircting t! transfr of t! accusd to t! National Cntr for Mntal %alt!

;NCM%9 for psyc!iatric "aluation to dtr#in !is fitnss to stand trial$ CODE?

0! initial *a#ination of t! accusd at t! NCM% r"ald t!at ! was suffring fro# a for# of psyc!osis

8nown as sc!i7op!rnia$ 0! accusd was dtaind at t! !ospital and was ad#inistrd #dication for !is

illnss$ On @un .3& .334& aftr #or t!an two ;19 yars of confin#nt& t! accusd was disc!argd fro# t!

 NCM% and rco##ittd to t! pro"incial ,ail as ! was alrady found fit to fac t! c!args against !i#$-6/

At t! rsu#ption of t! !aring& a r"rs trial was conductd$ 0! accusd procdd to adduc "idnc on

!is clai# of insanity at t! ti# ! co##ittd t! offns$

As culld fro# t! tsti#onis of t! accusd& !is #ot!rinlaw AELINA MIRADOR& and !is daug!trLILIFER MADARANG& t! following facts wr sta+lis!d5 0! accusd and Lilia Mirador wr lgally

#arrid and t!ir union was +lssd wit! s"n ;9 c!ildrn$ 0! accusd wor8d as a sa#an for si*tn ;.49

yars$ % was #ployd in a Unitd ?tats s!ip until .31$ In .36& ! wor8d as a sa#an in Gr#any and

stayd t!r for nin ;39 yars& or until .321$ 0!raftr& ! rturnd to !is fa#ily in Infanta& 'angasinan& and

startd a !ardwar stor +usinss$ %is "ntur !ow"r faild$ >ors& ! lost !is ntir fortun du to

coc8fig!ting$-=/

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In t! lattr part of @uly .336& t! accusd& !is wif Lilia and t!ir c!ildrn wr forcd to stay in t! !ous ofA"lina Mirador as t! accusd could no longr support !is fa#ily$ Moro"r& Lilia was t!n alrady !a"y wit!

t!ir ig!t c!ild and was a+out to gi" +irt!$-(/

On Se9te=ber 3, 1//3, at a+out (5)) p$#$& t! accusd and Lilia !ad a sua++l$ 0! accusd was ,alous ofanot!r #an and was accusing Lilia of infidlity$ In t! !at of t! fig!t and in t! prsnc of t!ir c!ildrn&

t! accusd sta++d Lilia& rsulting in !r unti#ly d#is$ -4/

AELINA MIRADOR was t!n in t! pigpn w!n s! !ard t! c!ildrn of t! accusd s!outing and crying

insid !r !ous$ ?! calld out to t!# and as8d w!at was wrong$ ?! rci"d no rply$ %r np!w +argd

into t! !ous and +roug!t out t! c!ildrn on at a ti#& la"ing t! accusd wit! Lilia$ >!il passing +y

A"lina& !r np!w warnd !r5 Jou +ttr run$J A"lina t!n saw t! accusd #rg fro# t! !ous !olding

a +olo$ ?! sca#prd for safty$-/ yacats?! dclard t!at during t! priod t!at t! accusd and !is fa#ily stayd in !r !ous& s! did not notic

anyt!ing pculiar in accusds +!a"ior t!at would suggst t!at ! was suffring fro# any #ntal illnss$

 Nit!r did s! 8now of any rason w!y t! accusd 8illd !is wif as s! n"r saw t! two ngag in any

argu#nt w!il t!y wr li"ing wit! !r$-2/

0! accusd dclard t!at ! !as a+solutly no rcollction of t! sta++ing incidnt$ % could not r##+r

w!r ! was on t!at fatful day$ % did not 8now t! w!ra+outs of !is wif$ It was only during on of t!

!arings w!n !is #ot!rinlaw s!owd !i# a pictur of !is wif in a coffin t!at ! larnd a+out !r dat!$

%& !ow"r& was not awar of t! caus of !r d#is$ % clai#d t!at ! did not 8now w!t!r ! suffrd

fro# any #ntal illnss and did not r##+r +ing confind at t! NCM% for trat#nt$-3/

DR$ >IL?ON ?$ 0IBAAN& a rsidnt doctor of t! National Cntr for Mntal %alt! ;NCM%9& dclardt!at te #cc-&e #& co==%tte to te N'!H on @uly =& .33= upon ordr of t! court$ 0! NCM% conductdt!r ;69 #dical and psyc!iatric "aluations of t! accusd during !is confin#nt t!rin$ Basd on t! %r&t=e%c#$ re9ort, #te -7-&t 2, 1//4,[10] t! accusd was found to + suffring fro# %%t; or 9&;co&%&,c$#&&%%e #& &c%>o9re%#. Dr$ 0i+ayan *plaind t!at sc!i7op!rnia is a #ntal a+nor#ality c!aractri7d +yi#paird funda#ntal rasoning& dlusions& !allucinations& proccupation wit! ons t!oug!ts& poor slfcar&

insig!t and ,udg#nt& and i#paird cogniti"& social and occupational functions$ 0! patint #ay + incapa+l

of distinguis!ing rig!t fro# wrong or 8now w!at ! is doing$ % #ay +co# dstructi" or !a" a propnsity

to attac8 any on if !is !allucinations wr "iolnt$-../  &c%>o9re%c