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Crime and Global Justice #LSEJustice
Professor Daniele Archibugi
Professor Christine Chinkin
Professor Mary Kaldor
Alice Pease
Professor Richard Falk
Research Director, Italian National Research Council.
Emerita Professor of International Law and Director of the Centre for Women, Peace and Security.
Professor of Global Governance and Director of the Conflict and Civil Society Research Unit, LSE.
Freelance Researcher.
Professor Emeritus of International Law at Princeton University.
Hosted by the Department of International Development
Chair: Professor Gerry Simpson Professor and a Chair of Public International Law, LSE.
Christine Chinkin, Richard Falk, Mary Kaldor, Daniele Archibugi and Alice Pease
Chair Gerry Simpson London School of Economics and Political Science,
London, 28 Feb 2018
PresenterPresentation NotesMany thanks to Mary Kaldor and Amy Crinnion for the organization and all participants for joining
The Nuremberg Trial
PresenterPresentation NotesNuremberg and Tokyo led to some declarations, mostly the Principles of Nuremberg, but not to any significant Court
The new generation of international tribunals
• National tribunals after conflicts (Iraq, 2003) • Domestic courts applying domestic
jurisdiction (Spain, Belgium from 1994) • Ad hoc international tribunals (Ex-Yugoslavia,
Rwanda, from 1993) • Hybrid tribunals (Cambodia, East Timor, Sierra
Leone, since 1997) • International Criminal Court (2002)
PresenterPresentation NotesThis justifies talking about a new season of international criminal justice
Global: standards of behaviour and diffusion of norms
Inter-governmental
consensus
Social and political activism
Judicial Accountability
• National Tribunals • External (Universal
jurisdiction) • Hybrid Tribunals • International
Tribunals • Opinion Tribunals
OUT COME Local:
pacification and reconciliation or renewed conflicts
Autonomous judicial action
Determinants and outcome of judicial accountability
Our approach: focus on trials rather than on procedures
• Tribunals can be empty shells (typical case, the Lebanon Tribunal)
• Major literature devoted to the judicial implications even when they were never applied
• Trials give a direct sense of the political impact of the procedure
PresenterPresentation NotesThis justifies talking about a new season of international criminal justice
Cases addressed in the book
• Augusto Pinochet (1998-2006) • Saddam Hussein (2003-2005) • Slobodan Milošević and Radovan
Karadzić (2001-2016) • Omar Al-Bashir (2009-ongoing)
PresenterPresentation NotesThis justifies talking about a new season of international criminal justice
Some cases that should be addressed
• Charles Taylor (Sierra Leone) • Hissène Habré (Senegal) • Jean Kambanda (Rwanda) • Kang Kek Iew (Cambodia)
PresenterPresentation NotesThis justifies talking about a new season of international criminal justice
PresenterPresentation NotesOut of the blue, Spanish Judge Garzon demands extradition of Pinochet in 1998 when he was in LondonHouse of Lords appeals committee reviews the casePinochet denied immunity but released on humanitarian groundsIndicted multiple times in Chile from 2000
PresenterPresentation NotesEven if Pinochet never entered into the courtroom, the indictments were crucial components to develop accountability in Chile and to re-address the past
Cards distributed by the US Defence Intelligence Service to American troops during the invasion of Iraq of April 2003
PresenterPresentation NotesSince the beginning of the invastion, trials were a way to settle scoresTrial was quick and dirtyIt provocked sectarian violence, resentment and humiliated justice
An assessment of the emerging global criminal justice system
• Winner’s Justice? • Selective? • Efficient?
What can be done?
• Improve the judicial machinery • Complement the criminal trials with truth and
reconciliation commissions • Activate opinion tribunals when the «official»
system is one-sided
Improve the judicial machinery
• Assist the ICC Office of the Prosecutor with enquires and information
• Discuss the qualifications of the candidates to be elected as ICC judges
• Support universal jurisdiction of national courts, also making it more independent through an ICC review board
Gacaca Court, Rwanda
PresenterPresentation NotesCase of Gacaca Courts in Rwanda: less than 100 individuals were tried by ICTR, while 12 thousands Gacaca Courts were instituted
Desmond Tutu deliver to President Nelson Mandela the Report of the Commission on Truth and Reconciliation
PresenterPresentation NotesPermission from Agency.
A Serbian supporter showing a t-shirt with Karadžić and Mladić
PresenterPresentation NotesSource: Wikicommons.
Relatives of the victims in Sarajevo following Karadžić trial
PresenterPresentation NotesPermission granted by http://srebrenica-genocide.blogspot.it/2009/11/women-of-srebrenica-seek-justice.html
A Poster of the Stop the Iraq War Coalition, 2006
PresenterPresentation NotesPermission from the Stop the War Coalition.
Opinon Tribunal for War Crimes in Vietnam Jean-Paul Sartre, Lelio Basso e Danilo Dolci
The reading of the ruling of the Tribunal on Torture in Latin America. Teatro Argentina, Rome, 1976
PresenterPresentation NotesPermission from the Archives of the Basso Foundation (2737x2136px; 300 dpi)
Richard Falk opening speech a the World Tribunal on Iraq, 23 June 2005
PresenterPresentation NotesPermission from Attila Durak ©.
Awareness about Crimes
General Patton decision
Citizens from Weimer taken by the US troops to visit the Concentration Camp of Buchenwald, 18 April 1945
PresenterPresentation NotesNo copyright for a 70 years old photo.
Crime and Global Justice #LSEJustice
Professor Daniele Archibugi
Professor Christine Chinkin
Professor Mary Kaldor
Alice Pease
Professor Richard Falk
Research Director, Italian National Research Council.
Emerita Professor of International Law and Director of the Centre for Women, Peace and Security.
Professor of Global Governance and Director of the Conflict and Civil Society Research Unit, LSE.
Freelance Researcher.
Professor Emeritus of International Law at Princeton University.
Hosted by the Department of International Development
Chair: Professor Gerry Simpson Professor and a Chair of Public International Law, LSE.
20180228_Crime_and_Global_Justice.pdfSlide Number 1The Nuremberg TrialSlide Number 3The new generation of �international tribunalsSlide Number 5Our approach: focus on trials rather than on proceduresCases addressed in the bookSome cases that should be addressedSlide Number 9Slide Number 10Cards distributed by the US Defence Intelligence Service to American troops during the invasion of Iraq of April 2003Slide Number 12An assessment of the emerging �global criminal justice systemWhat can be done?Improve the judicial machineryGacaca Court, RwandaDesmond Tutu deliver to President Nelson Mandela the Report of the Commission on Truth and ReconciliationSlide Number 18A Serbian supporter showing a �t-shirt with Karadžić and Mladić Relatives of the victims in Sarajevo following Karadžić trialSlide Number 21A Poster of the Stop the Iraq War Coalition, 2006Opinon Tribunal for War Crimes in Vietnam �Jean-Paul Sartre, Lelio Basso e Danilo DolciThe reading of the ruling of the Tribunal on Torture in Latin America. Teatro Argentina, Rome, 1976Richard Falk opening speech a the World Tribunal on Iraq, 23 June 2005Awareness about CrimesCitizens from Weimer taken by the US troops to visit the Concentration Camp of Buchenwald, 18 April 1945