CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW CH. 16: CIVICS. LESSON 1 DIRECTIONS: COMPLETE THE CHART INFORMATION ABOUT...
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CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW CH. 16: CIVICS
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW CH. 16: CIVICS. LESSON 1 DIRECTIONS: COMPLETE THE CHART INFORMATION ABOUT CIVIL LAW, CRIMINAL LAW, AND THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
DIRECTIONS: COMPLETE THE CHART INFORMATION ABOUT CIVIL LAW,
CRIMINAL LAW, AND THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM. Civil LawCriminal
LawJuvenile Justice Types of Cases Disputes between parties over
contracts, property, family issues, and personal injury Parties
Involved Prosecutor and defendant (accused person) Processes
Custody, intake, detention hearing, adjudication hearing,
disposition hearing Results Case dismissed, diversion, acquittal,
youth found delinquent
Slide 4
Civil LawCriminal LawJuvenile Justice Types of Cases Disputes
between parties over contracts, property, family issues, and
personal injury Misdemeanors, felonies Neglect of juvenile or crime
by juvenile Parties Involved Plaintiff (who claims injury) and
defendant (accused of causing injury) Prosecutor and defendant
(accused person) Prosecutor and defendant (juvenile) Processes
Complaint, summons, written answer, discovery, trial, verdict
Arrest, preliminary hearing, indictment, arraignment, trial
Custody, intake, detention hearing, adjudication hearing,
disposition hearing Results Settlement out of court, or trial with
either party winning; defendant may have to pay damages Guilt by
pleading guilty or through verdict or acquittal Case dismissed,
diversion, acquittal, youth found delinquent
Slide 5
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 1: A hospital patient dies. An investigation reveals that,
because of sloppy record keeping, the patient was given the wrong
dose of a medication. Answer: Civil Law
Slide 6
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 2: A hospital patient dies. An investigation reveals that
someone secretly injected the patient with a deadly dose of a
medication. Answer: Criminal Law
Slide 7
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 3: A tenant is three months behind in paying her rent. The
landlord uses his key to enter the tenants apartment when she is
not home. He takes money out of her desk drawer to cover the back
rent. Answer: Criminal Law
Slide 8
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 4: A tenant is three months behind in paying her rent. The
landlord tells the tenant that she will have to pay the back rent
or move out of the apartment. Answer: Civil Law
Slide 9
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 5: George goes to his neighbor Walters house to complain
that Walters icy sidewalk is dangerous for pedestrians. Walking
toward the front door, George slips and falls on the icy driveway
and breaks his hip. Answer: Civil Law
Slide 10
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 6: George gets into an argument with his neighbor Walter,
complaining that Walters icy sidewalk is dangerous for pedestrians.
Walter gets angry and pushes George, who falls down on Walters icy
driveway and breaks his hip. Answer: Criminal Law
Slide 11
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 7: An elderly millionaire dies, and in her will leaves all
her money to her butler. The millionaires children give evidence
that the butler poisoned their mother and forged her will. Answer:
Criminal Law
Slide 12
DIRECTIONS: READ EACH SCENARIO CAREFULLY. DECIDE WHETHER
CRIMINAL OR CIVIL LAW WOULD APPLY IF THE MATTER WENT TO COURT.
Scenario 8: An elderly millionaire dies, and in her will leaves all
her money to her butler. The millionaires children claim that the
will is invalid because the butler forced their mother to make him
her heir. Answer: Civil Law
Slide 13
TYPES OF CIVIL LAW Contract Law: laws governing formal
agreements between two or more parties Property Law: laws governing
the buying, selling, use, and upkeep of real estate (land and
buildings) Family Law: laws covering family relationships,
including matters such as birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, and
death Personal Injury Law: laws covering wrongful actions that
result in injury to persons or damage to property
Slide 14
LESSON 1: SEQUENCING COMPLETE A DIAGRAM LIKE THIS ONE TO SHOW
THE STEPS IN A LAWSUIT
Slide 15
PROPERTY LAW Most of the property laws that protect and
regulate homeowners are state and local laws. However, the federal
government can become involved in property matters. Since the
1960s, there have been a number of federal fair housing laws and
presidential executive orders designed to prevent discrimination
based on race, color, national origin, religion, age, sex, and
family status in any transaction involving the purchase or rental
of property. The federal government is also likely to step in when
the nation is experiencing economic hardship. In February 2009, for
example, President Barack Obama introduced a plan to help
homeowners. His Making Home Affordable program set up ways for
struggling homeowners to get financial relief and avoid
foreclosure.
Slide 16
IS IT NEGLIGENCE? Inside a grocery store, a wet, slippery floor
from a broken and spilled gallon of milk causes several shoppers to
slip and fall. Some of them suffer minor injuries, such as bruises
and sprains. The store owner would be considered negligent. Why? A
traffic light is not working properly after a strong thunderstorm.
Because both directions show green lights, a minor accident occurs
between two drivers at the intersection. The drivers should have
used greater caution in approaching the intersection after the
storm. But the city is still found to be negligent. Why?
Slide 17
CIVIL PROCESS What is a complaint? A. a notice for someone to
appear in court to defend themselves B. a formal notice that a
lawsuit has been brought C. an agreement between parties to resolve
a dispute D. a wrongful act for which an injured party has the
right to sue B. a formal notice that a lawsuit has been brought 1.
Plaintiffs attorney files a complaint
Slide 18
CIVIL PROCESS When a court sends a summons to a defendant, the
defendant must A. appear in court to answer a complaint or a charge
B. agree to resolve a dispute C. pay for injuries or losses
suffered D. check facts and gather evidence A. appear in court to
answer a complaint or a charge 2. Court sends a summons to
defendant
Slide 19
CIVIL PROCESS Who is the defendant? A. the person who files a
lawsuit B. the person who has suffered an injury or a loss C. the
person who is being sued D. the person who serves a formal notice
that a lawsuit has been filed C. the person who is being sued 3.
Defendants attorney files a written answer
Slide 20
CIVIL PROCESS After the attorneys have exchanged pleading
documents, they have an opportunity to check facts and gather
evidence. This process is known as A. tort B. summons C. settlement
D. discovery 4. Attorneys for both sides exchange pleading
documents
Slide 21
CIVIL PROCESS One of the major differences between criminal and
civil trials is that in civil trials, A. both the plaintiff and the
defendant are represented by attorneys B. the plaintiff has to
present a preponderance of evidence C. either a judge or a jury may
decide the case D. the defendant may appeal the verdict B. the
plaintiff has to present a preponderance of evidence 5. Attorneys
for plaintiff and defendant argue cases in court
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CIVIL PROCESS A court verdict is a A. formal notice that a
lawsuit has been brought B. decision of the court C. notice
directing someone to appear in court D. process by which lawyers
check facts and gather evidence B. decision of the court 6. Court
gives a verdict
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LESSON 2
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SENTENCING OPTIONS Execution Convicted person is sentenced to
die; this form of punishment is not permitted in some states
Imprisonment Convicted person is sentenced to jail or prison Work
Release Convicted person works in the community, but returns to
jail at night or on weekends House Arrest Sentence is served at
home; the person must wear an electronic device that allows
authorities to track his or her location Community Service
Convicted person completes a certain number of hours of unpaid,
supervised work that benefits the local community. Probation
Convicted person is released but monitored by a probation officer
Suspended Sentence Sentence does not have to be served unless the
person gets into more trouble with the law Fine Convicted person
pays the government a sum of money set by the court Restitution
Convicted person pays back or makes up for whatever loss was
suffered by the victim of the crime or the victims family.
Community Service Convicted person completes a certain number of
hours of unpaid, supervised work that benefits the local community.
Severe Punishment Milder Punishment
Slide 25
SEQUENCING: AS YOU READ, CREATE A DIAGRAM SHOWING WHAT TAKES
PLACE IN A CRIMINAL CASE AFTER AN ARREST HAS BEEN MADE.
Slide 26
FINGERPRINTING People in different parts of the world have used
fingerprinting for thousands of years. It was first used in the
United States in 1882 by surveyor Gilbert Thompson. He put his own
prints on a survey to prevent forgery. After that, it wasnt long
before law enforcement agencies caught on to fingerprinting. By the
turn of the 20 th century, federal, state, and local police
departments in the United States were using fingerprints to help
solve crimes. In 1924, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
centralized fingerprinting files, making it much easier to identify
repeat criminals. Today, the FBI uses a computerized system to keep
the fingerprints of more than 34 million criminals on file. Soon,
new technology may allow law enforcement officers to fingerprint
suspects in the field.
Slide 27
LESSON THREE Juvenile Justice
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INTERNET EMAIL SCAM AND CYBER BULLIES
Slide 29
70% 30% Every 29 seconds, another student gives up on school.
More than one million American high school students drop out every
year. Dropouts are more likely than high school graduates to be in
poor health, on public assistance, and single parents of children
who also drop out of high school. There are nearly 2,000 high
schools in the United States where 40% of the typical freshman
class leaves school by its senior year. Dropouts earn $9,200 less
per year than high school graduates and more than 1 million less
over a lifetime than college graduates. Dropouts were more than
twice as likely as high school graduates to slip into poverty in a
single year and three times more likely than college graduates to
be unemployed.
Slide 30
DIRECTIONS: WRITE THE STEPS OF THE JUVENILE PROCESS IN THE
CHART. Step 1:Step 2:Step 3:Step 4:Step 5:
Slide 31
DIRECTIONS: WRITE THE STEPS OF THE JUVENILE PROCESS IN THE
CHART. Step 1: Arrest Juvenile is taken into custody Step 2: Intake
A social worker decides how the juveniles case should be handled
Step 3: Detention Hearing: The state shows there is a good reason
to believe the juvenile committed the offense Step 4: Adjudication
Hearing: This hearing is similar to an adult trial, but closed to
the public Step 5: Disposition Hearing: This hearing is similar to
a sentencing hearing in an adult case
Slide 32
JUVENILE JUSTICE HISTORY Before 1825: Juvenile criminals were
punished and confined the same way as adults. 1825 1899: Juvenile
offenders were confined in youth-only facilities known as houses of
refuge and reform schools. 1899 1925: States set up juvenile court
systems 1925 1967: Juvenile cases were treated as civil, not
criminal, cases; acting in the best interests of the child,
juvenile courts could order juveniles removed from their homes 1967
1971: Supreme Court extended due process protections to juveniles
1990s Now: There is a trend toward trying juvenile offenders as
adults