Crisis of the Left in West Bengal

8/3/2019 Crisis of the Left in West Bengal

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Ltc|c| mi bf Hfi ck Zf| Dfkj`h

_ctb`ke`t D`kosm~`obs`s

_bc| `k`hs|c| z`| omkf `| ~`t mi bf A\l Oc||ft`cmk imt bf Ofyfhm~afk

\vocf| Of~`tafk ck bf \lbmmh mi Mtcfk`h `ko @itcl`k \vocf|( Hmkomk ck

\f~fadft 4>0>+

@hbmvjb bc| ~`~ft z`| ztcfk dfimtf bf ofd`lhf mi bf Hfi Itmk ck bf Zf| Dfkj`h

`||fadhs fhflcmk|( sf `hh bf |cjk| mi bf ltc|c| zftf lhf`ths fycofk fyfk bfk+


6/42

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_bf fyfk| ck K`kocjtà>:`#+ _bf gv|cicl`cmk

~v imtz`to ds bf Zf| Dfkj`h lbcfi ackc|ft Dvoobòfd Db``lb`ts` ck i`ymvt mi bc| ~`ts

lòtf| "cdco( Kmy 0?( 4>>:# `ko `||ftckj b` bf z`| km `dmyf bc| ~`ts "cdco(Kmy 06( 4>>:d#(

ltf`fo fyfk amtf tf|fkafk+

\vd|fpvfkhs( a`ks ckfhhflv`h|( cklhvockj |maf cofmhmjcl`hhs cklhckfo m bf hfi( ckfk|cicfo bfct

~tmf|| `j`ck| bf ~`b imhhmzfo ds |maf mi bfct imtaft lmatòf| mk ckov|tc`hc|`cmk "Act`(

4>>: d#+ Fyfk bm|f zbm zftf ck i`ymvt mi ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ck Zf| Dfkj`h m~fkhs t`c|fo bfct

ymclf `j`ck| bf `lcmk| mi bf HI jmyftkafk "O`|jv~`5 Kmy( 4>>:#+

0+0 Mdgflcyf7

_bf a`ck mdgflcyf mi bc| ~`~ft c| m `k`hs|f bf fyfk| hfòckj m bf amyfafk mi bf

ckfhhflv`h| `z`s itma bf hfi ck Zf| Dfkj`h `ko `h|m fy`hv`f c| ca~`l mk bf |v~~mt b` bf

HI fkgmsfo ck bf |`f+ Mkf acjb df fa~fo m bcke b` bf amyfafk mi bf ckfhhflv`h| `z`s

itma bf hfi lmvho b`yf ` tmhf ck bf oflhckf ck bf L^C!A| fhflmt`h imtvkf+ _bf ~mhh tf|vh| `ko

bfct cackj lmvho df ` ~mckft ck b` octflcmk+

>:( zbfk ~mhclf imtlf| a`tlbfo ckm bf `tf` m

dtfè bf tf|c|`klf ds bf hml`h ~m~vh`cmk hf ockj m bf of`b mi 0? ~fm~hf ck ~mhclf ictckj( `ko ck f`ths Kmyfadft4>>:( zbfk L^C "A# |v~~mtft| tfl`~vtfo K`kocjtà( dtfèckj bf tf|c|`klf mi bm|f m~~m|ckj h`ko `lpvc|ccmk ds

dhmmos af`k|( tf|vhckj ck hm|| mi hcyf|+ "_bf _fhfjt`~b( A`t 06( 4>>: ) \coocpvc( Kmy( 4>>:+#


7/42

:

C zmvho `tjvf b` bf |bcickj `z`s mi ` |flcmk mi bf ckfhhcjfk|c` `ko bf |vd|fpvfk fhflmt`h

tfyft|f| `tf a`kcif|`cmk| mi bf ~tmdhfa| i`lfo ds bf hfi ck Zf| Dfkj`h dv bf ltc|c| z`| avlb

off~!tmmfo+ Ck hckf zcb bc| `tjvafk( bf `k`hscl`h itàfzmte imhhmzfo ck bc| ~`~ft zmvho df m

cofkcis bf ltc|c| mi bf hfi ck Zf| Dfkj`h `ko bfk hmme imt bf tf`|mk| dfbcko c| a`kcif|`cmk

btmvjb z`s| hcef ~m~vh`t tf|fkafk( ~tmf|( amyfafk|( tf|c|`klf fl+ _bc| zmvho df imhhmzfo

ds `k`hs|f| mi bf k`vtf mi bf Dfkj`hc ckfhhcjfk|c`( bfct tfh`cmk|bc~ zcb bf ~`ts( bf

lb`kjf| b` acjb b`yf èfk ~h`lf ck bfct `cvof yc| ` yc| bf ltc|c|( `ko bf ckihvfklf mi bf

ckfhhflv`h| mk bf ~m~vh`t ~tmf|| `j`ck| bf HI+

0+4 Lcych \mlcfs `ko Dfkj`hc Ckfhhflv`h|7

Ck ` dtmò |fk|f( lcych |mlcfs c| aòf v~ mi `hh |mt| mi `||mlc`cmk`h jtmv~ckj| zbclb ckb`dc| bf

`tf` dfzffk bf ckocycov`h| "mt iàchcf|# `ko bf |`f "Dh`ct 033:5 ~7 4?#+ _bf ckfhhflv`h| "mt

ckfhhcjfk|c`# b` b`yf dffk tfifttfo m `| bf lcych |mlcfs ck bf l`|f mi Zf| Dfkj`h `tf `h|m ~`t

mi bf|f `||mlc`cmk`h jtmv~ckj|+ Bmzfyft( cofmhmjcl`hhs bfs `tf km |v~~mtft| mi bf dmvtjfmc|

|mlcfs b` Bfjfh `ko A`tr fkyc|`jfo bf lcych |mlcfs m df+ Itma b` ~mck mi ycfz( bf

ckfhhcjfk|c` mi Zf| Dfkj`h om km lma~tc|f bf tf|tclcyf oma`ck mi lcych |mlcfs( zbclb

frc|fo dfimtf bf 02b lfkvts+

Bmzfyft( imhhmzckj bf lb`kjf| b` bf ofickccmk mi lcych |mlcfs b`| vkoftjmkf( bf oma`ck mi

|vlb ` jtmv~ckj( ck lmvktcf| hcef Ckoc`( lmvho df tf|tclfo m ` |a`hh |flcmk mi lvhvt`hhs "`h|m

ckfhhflv`hhs# fpvc~~fo lccwfk|+ "Lb`ftgff5 4>>?5 ~7 ?0#+ _bf lmk|cvfk| mi |vlb ` jtmv~ckj

tf~tf|fk bcjb jtmvko mi amoftkcs+ _bc| `tcdvf mi bf lcych |mlcfs a`lbf| bf ckfhhflv`h| zf

`tf èckj `dmv ck bc| lmkfr+ _bv| ck bc| `k`hs|c|( bf oma`ck mi lcych |mlcfs c| tf|tclfo mkhs

m bf Dfkj`hc ckfhhflv`h|+


8/42

2

Lb`~ft 4

Ltc|c| ck bf Hfi7 \bci ck Ofyfhm~afk ^`tòcja

_bf ~tmf| `j`ck| bf `lpvc|ccmk mi `jtclvhvt`h h`ko imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ck Zf| Dfkj`h acjb ck

c|fhi ca~hs ` lb`hhfkjf m bf `vbmtcs mi bf L^C!A imhhmzckj c| of~`tvtf itma bf cofmhmjcl`h

|`ko~mck mi dfckj ` ~tm!~mmt ~`ts m bf mkf b` c| fadt`lckj kfm!hcdft`hc|a+ Bmzfyft( C zmvho

`tjvf b` bf ~tmf|| t`k|lfko dfsmko bf ~bs|cl`h |~`lf bfs mllv~s ` ` ~mck ck caf `ko `tf

ckocl`cyf mi ` avlb off~!tmmfo ltc|c| fa`k`ckj itma myft btff oflòf| mi hfi tvhf ck bf |`f+

_bc| ltc|c|( mkf lmvho `tjvf( c| km mkhs bf i`hhmv mi bf ac|èf| lmaacfo ds bf hfi dv `h|m

bf mvlmaf mi bf ~mhclcf| b` bfs imhhmzfo myft bf ~`| sf`t|+ _bf L^C!A| f`jftkf|| m ckycf

~tcy`f l`~c`h ck Zf| Dfkj`h acjb df `k òac||cmk mi bf i`l b` zcbck bf |tvlvtf mi `

hcdft`hc|fo Ckoc`k flmkmas( c c| km ~m||cdhf imt ` |`f m fad`te mk ` ocàftcl`hhs ociiftfk

flmkmacl ~mhcls+ Bmzfyft( C zmvho `tjvf b` bf caafoc`f ckfkcmk dfbcko bf ~`tòcja |bci ck

bf ofyfhm~afk amofh imhhmzfo ds bf HI z`| m |`yf mii bf ltc|c| b` bfs bmvjb lmvho

btf`fk bfct hmkj bfho `vbmtcs ck bf ~mhccl`h oma`ck+

_bf h`ko tfimta l`ttcfo mv ds bf HI b`| tf|vhfo ck bf otà`cl tfovlcmk ck bf kvadft mi

mzkft| mi h`tjf bmhockj| bftfds ca~fockj tvt`h l`~c`h imta`cmk+ _bf ca~hfafk`cmk mi bf

^`klb`s` |s|fa( m fk|vtf oflfkt`hc|`cmk mi tvt`h jmyftk`klf( hfo m bf faftjfklf mi ` kfz

lh`||( zbm|f ~mzft z`| km fkctfhs d`|fo mk h`ko bmhockj| "\`ks`h( 4>>2#+ _bf `|~ct`cmk mi bf

lmk|cvfk| mi bc| kfz lh`|| ckltf`|fo zcb bfct tc|f ck bf ~mhccl`h bcft`tlbs+ _bf tfh`cyf

ca~mt`klf mi `jtclvhvtf `| ` |mvtlf mi cklmaf of~hffo tf|vhckj ck bf ckltf`|fo ofa`ko imt

ckov|tc`h gmd|( zbclb( bmzfyft( z`| km caafoc`fhs `y`ch`dhf `| bf HI myft bf ~`| oflòf| b`yf

kfjhflfo ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ck c| dco m bmho mk m tvt`h |v~~mt d`|f+


9/42

3

@hh bf|f b`yf lmktcdvfo m ` ltc|c| `ko C zmvho `tjvf b` bf ~m|!4>>9 HI jmyftkafk bò èfk

tflmvt|f m kfm!hcdft`hc|a mkhs m myftlmaf c "bc| ltc|c|#+ Itma b` |`ko~mck mkf lmvho `tjvf

b` bf ~tmf|| `j`ck| h`ko `lpvc|ccmk `tf ck ` z`s a`kcif|`cmk mi bf i`chvtf| mt bf zfèkf||f|

mi bf oà`jf lmktmh frftlc|f b` bf HI fad`tefo mk+ @k `|~fl mi bc| ~`~ft zmvho df m icko

mv `| m zbs bf HI i`chfo of|~cf dfckj ck ~mzft imt oflòf| zcb |vlb bva~ckj a`gmtcs+

Bmzfyft( ` lhf`t vkoft|`kockj mi bf ltc|c| c| ~m||cdhf mkhs ci zf èf ` hmme ` bmz bf HI

lmk|mhco`fo c| ~mzft `ko bfho mk m c imt |vlb ` hmkj caf+

4+0 Tvt`h Imlv| `ko Lmk|mhco`cmk mi bf ^`ts7

Fyft |cklf bf HI `||vafo ~mzft ck 03::( bfct imlv| z`| ~tfomack`khs mk bf tvt`h |flmt+ Hcef

ck mbft ~`t| mi Ckoc`( Zf| Dfkj`h c| `h|m ` ~tfomack`khs tvt`h |mlcfs `ko `llmtockj m a`ks bf

efs m bf hfi| fhflmt`h |vllf||( z`| a`ckhs dfl`v|f mi c| tvt`h ~m~vh`tcs( "Db``lb`ts`(

4>0>5 ~7 60#( zbclb c| bf tf|vh mi h`ko tfimta( oflfkt`hc|`cmk mi bf tvt`h ~mzft |tvlvtf fl+

_bf h`ko tfimta|( l`ttcfo mv ck bf |`f zcbck bf ict| ifz sf`t| mi bf HI `||vackj ~mzft( km

mkhs fhcack`fo bf omack`klf mi bf h`kofo lh`|| itma bf tvt`h |mlcfs dv `h|m fk|vtfo bf

faftjfklf mi kfz dfkficlc`tcf| ck bf ychh`jf|+ _bf|f dfkficlc`tcf|( lma~tc|ckj am|hs mi bf tvt`h

~tmhf`tc`( zftf miiftfo |a`hh ~hm| mi h`ko `ko ck vtk bfs fk|vtfo b` bf ckftf|| mi bf ~`ts

zftf |ftyfo+ _bf tcjb| mi bf |b`tfltm~~ft| mt d`tjò`t|( zbm lvhcy`fo dvhe mi bf h`ko( zftf

`h|m hfj`hc|fo( `| ` a`ft mi ~tcmtcs( btmvjb m~ft`cmk d`tj` "bf amyfafk m tfjc|ft bf

kàf| mi bf |b`tfltm~~ft|#+ "Jvb`( 4>>25 ~7 643!6#

_bf h`kofo lh`||( am|hs lma~tc|ckj mi `d|fkff h`kohmto|( zftf lmk|coftfo m df |v~~mtft| mi bf

Lmkjtf|| `| bf|f jtmv~| bò dfkficfo m |maf frfk itma bf `lcmk| mi bf ~`ts "Lmkjtf||#(

"Embhc( 033>5 ~7 4:


10/42

0>

itma bf tvt`h ~mzft |tvlvtf ~tmycofo bf L^C!A zcb ` itffb`ko ck bf lmvkts|cof

"Db``lb`ts`( 4>0>( ~~7 64!6?#?+

_bc| |mlc`h ~bfkmafkmk ~tmycof| `k ckftf|ckj ck|cjb ck vkoft|`kockj bf omack`cmk mi bf L^C!

A ck bf ~mhccl`h h`ko|l`~f mi Zf| Dfkj`h imt |vlb ` hmkj caf( zbclb c| vk~tflfofkfo ck bf

fhflmt`h bc|mts mi Ckoc`+ _bc| z`| aòf ~m||cdhf `| bf L^C!A ltf`fo ` |s|fa mi Lhcfkfhc|a

"Lb`ftgff( 4>>35 ~7 ?4# `ko oc|bfo mv i`ymvt m bm|f zbm |v~~mtfo bf ~`ts+ _bf ck|cvcmk`h

fiiflcyfkf|| mi bf hml`h jmyftkafk |tvlvtf "~`klb`s` |s|fa# `ko bf lmktmh b` bf ~`ts

fkgmsfo myft bm|f bfh~fo bf L^C!A ck fk|vtckj hfjcca`ls mi bfct `lcmk| "cdco( ~~7 ??!?6#+

Imhhmzckj c| tvt`h |v~tfa`ls ` kfz dt`ko mi hml`h ~mhccl`h hfòft| faftjfo ck bf lmvkts|cof(

zbm zftf amtf cklhckfo ck a`ck`ckckj bf ~bs|cl`h `ko fhflmt`h omack`cmk "mi bf ~`ts#( btmvjb

if`t `ko i`ymvt( t`bft b`k dfckj cofmhmjcl`hhs lmaacfo m bf ~`ts+ @ |cach`t lh`|| mi

dfkficlc`tcf| `h|m faftjfo ck bf vtd`k `ko |fac!vtd`k `tf`|+ _bfs ~h`sfo ca~mt`k tmhf| hcef(

oc|tcdvckj |ffo|( `ko iftchc|ft| fl+ ck bf lmvkts|cof( accj`ckj oc|~vf| "cdco( ~7 ?0># imtavh`f| bf lmklf~ mi ~`ts |mlcfs bf lmk|cvfk| mi zbclb `tf fcbft bf`ychs of~fkofk mt

h`tjfhs dfkficfo ds bf `lcmk| mi bf ~`ts `ko c| a`lbckfts+ _bf `vbmt iffh| b` bf ltf`cmk mi bf ~`ts |mlcfs

~h`sfo ` |cjkcicl`k tmhf ck lmk|mhco`ckj hfi ~mzft ck Zf| Dfkj`h `ko c| vkcpvf lma~`tfo m a`ks mbft |`f| ckCkoc`( zbftf |mlc`h fhfafk| hcef l`|f( ltffo `ko tfhcjcmk `tf amtf ~tmkmvklfo `| lma~`tfo m bf |mlcf`h itàfzmte

~tfy`hfk ck Zf| Dfkj`h+


11/42

00

4+4 Ck|`dchcs ck bf Tf`ha mi ^`ts Omack`cmk7

_bf omack`cmk mi bf ~`ts( zbclb z`| ckcc`hhs fycofk ck bf tvt`h `ko bfk ck bf vtd`k `tf`|(

i`lfo ck|`dchcs imt ` avhc~hclcs mi tf`|mk| mkf dfckj bf tc|ckj `|~ct`cmk| mi ` |flcmk mi bf

|mlcfs "bf kfz faftjfk lh`|| mi hfòft|#( zbm zftf dfkficlc`tcf| mi bf vkckfttv~fo hfi tvhf+6

_bf|f fhfafk| mi bf tvt`h |mlcfs zbm scfhofo ~mzft `ko ~m|ccmk dfl`v|f mi bfct ~tmrcacs m

bf ~`ts kmz z`kfo m amyf ivtbft v~ bf |mlc`h `ko flmkmacl hòoft9+ Bmzfyft( bftf z`| km

~tmyc|cmk m ivhich bc| `|~ct`cmk zcbck bf |mlc`h `ko bf flmkmacl |tvlvtf| b` bf ~`ts ltf`fo+

C zmvho `tjvf b` bf mdgflcyf mi bf ~`ts z`| |bmt!fta ~mhccl`h j`ck t`bft b`k hmkj fta

flmkmacl ofyfhm~afk+ Ci bf ckfkcmk mi bf ~`ts z`| m fk|vtf hmkj fta ofyfhm~afk bf

k`vt`h z`s zmvho b`yf dffk m v|f bf `jtclvhvt`h |vt~hv| imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk+ Bmzfyft( b`

ocok b`~~fk `ko bf h`tjf |l`hf it`jafk`cmk mi h`ko fyfk ofkcfo bf dfkfic| mi flmkmacf| mi

|l`hf+ _bf `d|fklf mi bf h`kofo lh`|| ck bf tvt`h flmkmas z`| oftcafk`h m kflf||`ts l`~c`h

imta`cmk+

Ck bf tvt`h `tfk` bf ck|`dchcs z`| `h|m a`kcif|fo ds a`tjck`hc|`cmk mi bf ~f`|`kts `hbmvjb

bf mdgflcyf mi bf h`ko tfimta z`| m b`h |vlb of!~f`|`kc|`cmk+ Lfk|v| icjvtf| `y`ch`dhf itma

`ko bf \`c|cl`h B`kodmme 4>>?( Zf| Dfkj`h( D@F\( jmyftkafk mi Zf| Dfkj`h "`ko pvmfo

ck D`kftgff ) Tms( 4>>:( ~7 4>?2# |bmz b` bf kvadft mi mzkft!lvhcy`mt| ck bf |`f ofltf`|fo

ovtckj bf ~ftcmo 0330!4>>0 "itma 9?+>: hèb| ck 0330 m 69+6? hèb| ck 4>>0#( zbchf bf kvadft

mi `jtclvhvt`h h`dmvtft| ckltf`|fo "itma 6?+20 hèb| ck 0330 m :>0# ds `

|cjkcicl`k ~tm~mtcmk+

6C mzf bc| `tjvafk m ` ~ft|mk`h ckft`lcmk zcb @dbctv~ \`te`t mi bf Ckoc`k \`c|cl`h Ck|cvf( Emhe``+

O`fo7 @v j 4< 4>0>+

9_bf `jt`tc`k |vllf|| ck bf ckcc`h sf`t| mi bf HI tvhf hfo m ltf`cmk mi ~tmic`dhf dv|ckf||f|( hcef lmho |mt`jf( tclf

achh| fl+( zbclb zftf km octflhs hckefo m bf h`ko dv m bf tvt`h |flmt+ _bm|f dfl`v|f mi bfct ~tmrcacs m bf ~`tsa`k`jfo m om zfhh ck bf|f `tf`| kmz `|~ctfo m amyf m kfz ftt`ck| mi flmkmacl ~tmic`dchcs+


12/42

04

_bf mzkft| mi |a`hh bmhockj| zftf imtlfo m ~`t zcb bfct h`ko !! `| i`tackj ck |vlb bmhockj|

zftf km hmkjft flmkmacl`h !! `ko zmte fcbft `| |b`tfltm~~ft| mt `jtclvhvt`h h`dmvtft|+ _bc|

|bmz| b` `hbmvjb h`ko tfimta z`| |bmzl`|fo `| ` bva~ckj ~mhccl`h |vllf|| ds bf HI( c oco

km kflf||`tchs dtckj `dmv bf flmkmacl dfkfic| m bm|f imt zbma c z`| `tjffo+

Kfj`cmk mi ofamlt`cl y`hvf| of|~cf b`yckj `k fhflfo tvt`h jmyftkafk |tvlvtf z`| `h|m

`kmbft tf`|mk dfbcko bf ck|`dchcs zcbck bf tf`ha| mi bf omack`cmk mi bf ~`ts+

Oflfkt`hc|`cmk mi tvt`h ~mzft a`s b`yf dffk bf amcyf dfbcko bf cktmovlcmk mi bf ^`klb`s`

|s|fa dv ~`ts omack`cmk tf|vhfo ck c| lmklfkt`cmk mkhs zcb bm|f zbm zftf lhm|f m bf

L^C!A( bftfds of~tcyckj bf ~mmt itma mllv~sckj ~m|ccmk| mi hfòft|bc~ "Db``lb`ts`( 4>0>(

~769#+ _bv| bf oflfkt`hc|`cmk mi tvt`h ~mzft ck Zf| Dfkj`h làf m df |ffk | d`|fo mk `k

vk|`dhf acrvtf mi cof`hc|a `ko m~~mtvkc|a "Jvb`5 4>>2( ~~ 9:>!:0#

Imhhmzckj t`~co lmaaftlc`hc|`cmk mi bf `jtclvhvt`h |flmt `ko bf zcbot`z`h mi |vd|cocf| itma

bf `jtclvhvt`h ck~v| vkoft ~tf||vtf itma kfm!hcdft`h jhmd`hc|`cmk( bf lmktcdvcmk mi `jtclvhvtf

m iàchs cklmaf ofltf`|fo "Db``lb`ts`( 4>0>5 ~7 64#+ _bc| z`| `h|m `kmbft |mvtlf mi ck|`dchcs

zcbck bf tvt`h |flmt+ _bftf z`| ` ofa`ko imt kfz |v~~mt |tvlvtf m bfh~ bm|f zbm zftf km

`t`lfo m bf `jtclvhvt`h |flmt imt fa~hmsafk+ _bf of`tb ck gmd ltf`cmk ck bf `d|fklf mi

òfpv`f |~ffo mi ckov|tc`hc|`cmk `h|m tf|vhfo ck ck|`dchcs ck dmb bf tvt`h `ko vtd`k `tf`|+

4+< Fadt`lckj Kfm!Hcdft`hc|a7

I`lfo zcb |vlb ck|`dchcs ck c| |v~~mt d`|f( bf HI( mkf lmvho `tjvf( mme tflmvt|f m ` ~`b mi

flmkmacl jtmzb ds lma~fckj zcb mbft |`f| mi Ckoc` ck `t`lckj ~tcy`f l`~c`h+ C zmvho `tjvf

b` bc| z`| ca~ft`cyf `| bf |`f h`lefo ck òfpv`f l`~c`h imta`cmk kflf||`ts m |f v~

ckov|tcf|+ _bf lmkckvmv| oc|tfj`to ds bf HI mi bf kffo imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ck bf btff oflòf|

mi c| tvhf `h|m lmktcdvfo m bc| i`lmt+


13/42

0>:#+

_bf hfi hfòft|bc~ ck bf |`f `tjvfo "cdco) Lb`m~òbs`s( 4>>9# b` h`ko tfimta z`| km `k

fko ck c|fhi `ko ckov|tc`hc|`cmk z`| kflf||`ts imt amyckj ckm bf kfr ~b`|f mi ofyfhm~afk+

_bv| bf ~`b mi ckov|tc`hc|`cmk imhhmzfo ds bf HI z`| d`|fo mk bf ~tcklc~hf mi kfm!hcdft`h

l`~c`hc|a( zbclb `llf~| bf omack`klf mi l`~c`h myft mbft i`lmt| mi ~tmovlcmk `ko bf |`f

jmyftkafk `h|m ~tmycofo bf kflf||`ts |v~~mt m fk|vtf bf |v~tfa`ls mi l`~c`h( ds oc|bckj mv

bvjf dfkfic| m eff~ bf l`~c`hc|| ck jmmo |fò "Act`5 4>>:`#+ _bc| c| |mafzb` ~`tòmrcl`h `|

cofmhmjcl`hhs( bf HI `ko bf L^C "A# `tf m~~m|fo m vkifftfo hcdft`hc|`cmk `ko `h|m m bf

imta`cmk mi \FW "Avebftgff( 4>>9#+ Bmzfyft( bf `~~`tfk m~~m|ccmk mi bf ~`ts m flmkmacl

hcdft`hc|`cmk z`| ck lmktòclcmk m zb` bf |`f Lbcfi Ackc|ft At Db``lb`ts` bò tfcft`fo(

b` jhmd`hc|`cmk c| kmz ` i`l mi hcif `ko mkf |bmvho ts `ko tf`~ c| dfkfic| "A`wvao`t( 4>>6#+

_bc| t`gflmts mi ofyfhm~afk `h|m a`tefo ` |cjkcicl`k |bci ck bf z`s bf L^C!A a`ck`ckfo c|

omack`cmk+ _bf amofh imhhmzfo ds bf L^C!A imt a`ks sf`t| z`| b` mi ~`tmklhcfk

tfh`cmk|bc~ zbclb z`| a`ck`ckfo ds miiftckj |a`hh i`ymvt| ck hcfv mi ymf|+ \cklf 4>>9( bf ~`ts

vkoft bf hfòft|bc~ mi Dvoobòfd Db``lb`ts` |zclbfo m bf amofh mi fhcf l`~vtf+ Mkf lmvho

`tjvf b` bf kfz amofh acjb b`yf fa`k`fo itma bf ckltf`|fo `|~ct`cmk mi bf L^C!A itma

dfckj ` ~`ts mi bf ~tmhf`tc` m mkf tf~tf|fkckj bf fyft fr~`kockj acoohf lh`||+ _bc| l`k df

lmk|tvfo `| dfckj vtd`k!dc`|fo tf|vhckj ck ` ymco ck |v~~mt |tvlvtf mi bf ~`ts ck bf tvt`h

`tf`|( zbclb b`| |m i`t dffk c| d`|cmk+


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Lb`~ft7 >9#+

_bc| `tjvafk icko| |v~~mt ck bf lma~fk|`cmk ~`le`jf miiftfo m bf `jtclvhvt`h h`dmvtft| `ko

vktfjc|ftfo d`tjò`t| mt |b`tfltm~~ft|+ _bf|f zm jtmv~| `tf m hm|f bfct hcyfhcbmmo| ck l`|f bf

h`ko bfs lvhcy`fo z`| m df `lpvctfo imt ckov|tc`h ~tmgfl|+ _bf |b`tfltm~~ft| zftf miiftfo mkf

pv`tft mi bf h`ko y`hvf `| lma~fk|`cmk( of|~cf bf i`l b` bfs ~tmovlfo btff pv`tft| mi bf

ltm~|+ _bc| c| ck |b`t~ lmkt`| m zb` z`| mk miift imt bf h`komzkft|( am|hs kmk!lvhcy`ckj

`d|fkff h`kohmto|( zbm zftf jcyfk ~ft lfk amtf b`k bfct h`ko y`hvf "D`kftgff ) Tms( 4>>:5

~7 4>?2#+ Jcyfk bf h`tjf kvadft mi |b`tfltm~~ft| `ko jtclvhvt`h h`dmvtft|( bf HI i`lfo

amvkckj m~~m|ccmk m c| ac||cmk mi ckov|tc`hc|`cmk "Lb`kot`( 4>>25 ~7 ?3#+

_bf tfb`dchc`cmk |lbfaf| zbclb zftf miiftfo ck bf imta mi t`ckckj `ko `~~tfkclf|bc~| fl+ zftf

`h|m ckòfpv`f jcyfk bf kvadft mi ~fm~hf ckymhyfo+ @oofo m bc| c| bf i`l b` bf

|b`tfltm~~ft| `ko h`kohf|| `jtclvhvt`h h`dmvtft|( zbm b`yf dffk ckymhyfo ck i`tackj imt

jfkft`cmk|( zmvho icko c yfts ociiclvh m ò`~ m |vlb lb`kjf| "\`v( 4>>25 ~7 00#+

Oflfkt`hc|`cmk mi bf tvt`h ~mzft |tvlvtf( zbclb z`| aòf ~m||cdhf ds bf HI btmvjb

ca~hfafk`cmk mi bf ^`klb`s`c T`g |s|fa( z`| `h|m l`hhfo imt pvf|cmk ck bf otcyf imt

ckov|tc`hc|`cmk+ _btmvjb bf hml`h jmyftkafk |tvlvtf ck bf tvt`h `tf`| ` ofamlt`cl |f v~ z`|

imtavh`fo zbftfds bf ~fm~hf hcyckj ck bf ychh`jf| zmvho b`yf bfct |`s mk bf z`s bfs hcyf `ko


16/42

09

`h|m mk bfct hcyfhcbmmo+ _bc| |s|fa a`s b`yf |fyft`h |bmtlmackj|5 bf hf`| dfl`v|f mi bf

omack`cmk mi bf ~`ts ck bf tvt`h oma`ck( dv mkf l`kkm ofks bf i`l b` c ltf`fo `k

àm|~bftf mi |fhi!jmyftk`klf+ Bmzfyft( b` z`| kfj`fo ds bf z`s ckov|tc`hc|`cmk z`| af`k

m df l`ttcfo mv+ _bf hml`h ~fm~hf bò km |`s ck bf h`ko `lpvc|ccmk ~tmlf|| `| zfhh `| ck bf

lma~fk|`cmk `ko bf tfb`dchc`cmk ~`le`jf| "Db``lb`ts`( 4>>:`#+ _bf zbmhf bckj z`| oflcofo

` bf bcjbf| hfyfh mi bf HI jmyftkafk `ko bf ~`ts+

_bf L^C!A hfòft|bc~ ck Zf| Dfkj`h m`hhs myfthmmefo c| tvt`h lmk|cvfkls ck c| `fa~ m

t`cmk`hc|f "kfm hcdft`h# l`~c`hc|a "D`kftgff( 4>>2d5 ~7 06#+ _bf |`f ckov|ts ackc|ft Kctv~à

\fk fyfk gv|cicfo bfct |`klf |`ckj b` ck ` a`tef flmkmas bf zc|bf| mi bf ckyf|mt zftf

|v~tfaf "^`bè( 4>>9#+ _bc| bcjbhcjbfo bf ~`tòmr dfzffk bf ~`ts| cofmhmjs `ko zb` c

~t`lc|fo+ Mkf lmvho `tjvf b` bc| ~`tòmr of~hffo bf ~`ts mi c| amt`h `vbmtcs m `l `| `

lv|moc`k mi bf tvt`h lmaavkcs( zbclb ~tmycofo c kflf||`ts |v~~mt m tfa`ck ck ~mzft+


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`llf~ zb`fyft z`| oflcofo ds fcbft ~`ts miiclc`h| mt bm|f zbm tf~tf|fkfo bf HI ` bf

^`klb`s`| "Db``lb`ts`( 4>>:d#+ @hbmvjb( bf Lbcfi Ackc|ft òacfo b` |vlb `

lmaavkcl`cmk j`~ z`| ` ac|èf "Lb`m~òbs`s( 4>>:# sf |vlb oflc|cmk!aèckj tfa`ckfo

zcbck bf oma`ck mi bf fhcf( bf acoohf lh`|| ~mhclsaèft| `ko bf afoc` lmaafk`mt|

"Dbòvtc( 4>>35 ~7 :3#+

\vlb `k `cvof mi bm|f ` bf bfha ckihclfo ` |fk|f mi ck|vh àmkj bf tvt`h lmaavkcs(

f|~flc`hhs bm|f zbm mzkfo |a`hh ~hm| mi h`ko+ Imt bf i`taft|( zbm èf jtf` ~tcof ck lvhcy`cmk

imt jfkft`cmk| `ko b`yf dffk caafk|fhs dfkficfo ds z`s mi fa~hmsafk `ko cklmaf( kmz imvko

bfa|fhyf| ck ` ~tfl`tcmv| |cv`cmk mi dfckj imtlfo m om afkc`h gmd| m i`lchc`f dfft hcyf| imt bf

vtd`k acoohf lh`||+ _bf ~tclf dfckj miiftfo imt h`ko l`kkm df `ks |vd|cvf m bf |fk|f mi iàchs

|flvtcs `ko |mlc`h f|ffa b` c "h`ko# ~tmycof| m bf i`tackj lh`|| "\`v( 4>>2( ~7 00#+

_bc| ck|vh imvko c| z`s mv ck ociiftfk fhflcmk|( of|~cf bf L^C!A b`yckj |tmkj a`lbckfts m

amdchc|f |v~~mtft|+ Ck i`l( bm|f ~fm~hf zbm b`yf mklf amdchc|fo |v~~mt imt bf ~`ts( kmz zftf

`k`jmkc|fo `| bf amt`h ~mhccl`h flmkmas zbclb ~tfy`chfo ck bf tvt`h `tf`| ! b` bf L^C!A

zmvho hmme ìft bf ~mmt ! z`| `tkc|bfo `ko bc| z`| `h|m tfihflfo ck |maf mi bf vtd`k `ko |fac!

vtd`k lmk|cvfklcf|( omack`fo ds bf ~tmhf`tc`| "\`ks`h( 4>>3#+


18/42

02

0330`ko 4>>6( c kf`ths b`hyfo c| zmteimtlf ovtckj bf |`co ~ftcmo "Db`ovtc( 4>>35 ~7 00>#


19/42

03

@ift b`yckj cjkmtfo bc| kfz jfkft`cmk mi vkfa~hmsfo tvt`h smvb imt myft btff oflòf| kmz(

bf HI jmyftkafk( ck mtoft m lmk`ck ` jtmzckj oc||`c|i`lcmk( b`| kmz i`hhfk imt bf tfòchs

`y`ch`dhf m~cmk ckov|tc`h ~tmgfl| `ko bf \FW| miiftfo ds bf lmt~mt`f a`jk`f|( zbclb `tf

dfckj ~`hafo mii ds bf L^C!A ackc|ft| `| bf ckov|tc`h vm~c` zbftf bf tvt`h smvb zmvho icko

gmd|+

_bc| c| dfckj omkf cjkmtckj bf i`l b` bf|f smvkj ~fm~hf( ef~ vkt`ckfo ck `ks |echh| `hh bf|f

sf`t| ds `k vkl`tckj HI jmyftkafk( l`k kfyft df fa~hmsfo ck bf|f ckov|tc`h fkft~tc|f|( zbclb

kffo bcjbhs |echhfo ~ft|mkkfh+ _bc| |fk|f mi kfjhfl `h|m lmktcdvfo m bf ~m~vh`t ~tmf| `j`ck|

bf L^C!A+

@| c| dfckj fycofk itma bf `k`hs|c| |m i`t( bf HI itmk( z`k| m |f v~ ckov|tcf| imt ltf`cmk mi

gmd| dv km imt bf ~fm~hf zbm imtafo bf lmtf mi c| |v~~mt d`|f dmb ck bf tvt`h `ko vtd`k `tf`|+

Ck|fò( c z`kfo m ckycf ~tcy`f l`~c`h m `t`l bf acoohf lh`||+ _bf faftjfk acoohf lh`|| `tf

kmk!cofmhmjcl`h `ko tf|vh!mtcfkfo "O`|( 4>>4( ~7 426#+ C zmvho `tjvf b` hcef bc| faftjfk lh`||(

bf L^C!A kmz z`k| m itff c|fhi itma bf |b`lehf| mi cofmhmjs( zbclb z`| mklf btv| v~mk bf

~fm~hf ds bf ~`ts+ _bc| `k`jmkc|a dfzffk bf cofmhmjs `ko bf ~t`lclf c| tf|vhckj ck lmkihcl(

zbclb c| dfckj a`kcif|fo ds ~m~vh`t ~tmf||+


20/42

4>

Lb`~ft ?

@k`hs|ckj ^m~vh`t ^tmf|7 @ _bfmtfcl`h ^ft|~flcyf

Zbs bf HI jmyftkafk( zbclb òm~fo c| Kfz Ckov|tc`h ^mhcls ck 033?( zfk myftdm`to zcb c|

otcyf imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ìft 4>>9 `ko bf tf`|mk| dfbcko bf ~m~vh`t vktf| b` imhhmzfo( c| `

a`ft imt ckfk|f ~mhccl`h `ko flmkmacl ofd`f+ \m i`t zf b`yf tcfo m `k`hs|f bc| d`|fo mk

fa~ctcl`h fycofklf+ Ck bc| lb`~ft zf zchh ts m a`~ ` bfmtfcl`h ca`jfts `k`hs|ckj zbs |vlb

vktf| imhhmzfo( of|~cf bf HI dfckj ck ~mzft imt `ham| myft btff oflòf|+3Bmzfyft( jcyfk bf

lma~hfrcs mi bf |cv`cmk ~v imtz`to ds bf |tfà mi fyfk| ` \ckjvt `ko K`kocjtà c c|

ociiclvh m ~m|c bf `k`hs|c| zcbck bf ~`tàfft| mi ` |~flcicl bfmtfcl`h itàfzmte+

?+0 Ltc|c| mi Bfjfamks7

_bf Jtà|lc`k `k`hs|c| mi bfjfamks b`| j`ckfo ~tmackfklf ck bf `k`hs|c| mi bf ltc|c| b` bf HI

i`lf| ck Zf| Dfkj`h+ _bf fyfk| b` hfo m bf oflhckf mi bf hfi ck bf |`f b`~~fkfo ck `

a`kkft b` lh`||cl`hhs a`lbf| bf ltc|c| ck bfjfamks ck bf Jtà|lc`k |fk|f0>!! zbfk myftkcjb

bvkotfo| `ko bmv|`ko| mi ~fm~hf amyf `z`s itma bf ~`ts b` mklf tf~tf|fkfo bfa+

\vlb ` ltc|c|( ck bf `vbmtcs mi bf tvhckj lh`||( b`~~fk| zbfk bfs hmm|f bf lmk|fk mi bf

a`||f| mt zbfk bftf c| ` amdchc|`cmk mi bf |vdmtock`f lh`|| "mt lh`||f|# `j`ck| bf omack`k

lh`||+ @llmtockj m Jtà|lc( |vlb ` ltc|c| a`kcif|| c|fhi zbfk ~`ts tf~tf|fk`cyf| "bf omack`k

mt bf tvhckj lh`||# dflmaf of`lbfo itma bf |mlc`h lh`||f| `ko bc| mifk m~fk| bf z`s imt `hh

ecko| mi ofa`jmjvf| ko òyfkvtft| m lmaf imtb `ko l`|b ck mk bf oc|lmkfk+ _bf tvhckj lh`||

3Mkf lmvho `tjvf b` bf ~m~vh`t vktf| |faafo itma bf `kc cklvadfkls i`lmt+ Bmzfyft( bf fa~`cmk m tvhf c

mv fymhyf| itma bf i`l b` bf HI b`| dffk ck ~mzft ck Zf| Dfkj`h |cklf 03:: `ko `ks fhfafk mi `kc cklvadfkls

zmvho b`yf dffk a`kcif|fo zcbck |vlb ` hmkj ~ftcmo mi caf+ Zbchf bftf b`| dffk |maf lb`hhfkjf| m bf HI tvhf

myft bf ~`| oflòf| dv b` z`| km |viiclcfk fkmvjb m of|`dchc|f bf hfi omack`cmk ck bf |`f+

0>C mzf bc| `tjvafk `ko bf |vd|fpvfk `k`hs|c| m ` ~ft|mk`h ckft`lcmk zcb @ocs` Kcjà "fa`ch( o`fo Gvkf 44(

4>0>#


21/42

40

bfk `fa~| m tf`||ft c| lmktmh ds pvfhhckj `ks m~~m|ccmk m c| `vbmtcs( zbclb a`s `h|m hfò

m ycmhfklf+

_bf fyfk| b` mme ~h`lf ` \ckjvt `ko K`kocjtà fk|fadhf |vlb `k `tjvafk+ Bmzfyft( mkf

kffo| m lhm|fhs hmme ` bf ofyfhm~afk| b` a`s b`yf lmktcdvfo m |vlb ` ltc|c|+ _bc| `h|m

kflf||c`f| `k `k`hs|c| `| m zbfbft bf omack`klf b` bf ~`ts fkgmsfo ck Zf| Dfkj`h c|

|cach`t m bf bfjfamks `| of~clfo ds Jtà|lc+

Bfjfamks m Jtà|lc af`k| hfòft|bc~ mi bf lh`|| `hhc`klf "Imtj`l| 4>>>5 ~7 ?44#+ C c| amtf

hckefo m lmk|fk "~ft|v`|cmk# `| `j`ck| lmftlcmk `ko octflcmk "hfòft|bc~# `| `j`ck| omack`cmk

"cdco( ~7 ?4>>5 ~7 ?4


22/42

44

Bmzfyft( bf ~mhclcf| òm~fo ds bf HI ck bf |`f imt bf ~`| btff oflòf| zftf jvcofo am|hs

ds lh`|| tfh`cmk| `ko c cklhvof| h`ko tfimta| `| zfhh `| bf tflfk otcyf imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk+00

_bf ltc|c| ck bf Jtà|lc`k bfjfamks l`k df fkvaft`fo mk zm lmvk|+ Ict|hs( imt Jtà|lc( bf

|vdmtock`fo lh`||f| `llf~ bf omack`k lh`|| "`h|m# `| bf ckfhhflv`h( lvhvt`h `ko amt`h hfòft mi

bf |mlcfs "cdco)\`ks`h7 4>>:5 ~7 4:#+ Mkf lmvho `tjvf b` bf ~tmlf|| mi h`ko `lpvc|ccmk ck bf

lmvkts|cof imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk m`hhs of~hffo bf ~`ts mi bf amt`h `ko lvhvt`h hfòft|bc~ mi bf

~f`|`k lmaavkcs+

_bf amt`h hfòft|bc~ mi bf ~`ts z`| ~v m pvf|cmk `| bftf zftf omvd| zcbck bf tvt`h |mlcfs

`| m zbfbft bf ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ~tmgfl b` bf HI fkyc|`jfo z`| ` `hh dfkficlc`h m bfa+ Mkf

|bmvho eff~ ck acko b` imt Jtà|lc( bfjfamks ~tf|v~~m|f| b` bf ckftf|| `ko fkofklcf| mi

bf |vdmtock`f jtmv~| `tf èfk ckm `llmvk "Imtj`l| 4>>>5 ~7 ?4?#+

Imt bf tvt`h lmaavkcs h`ko c| mi ~`tàmvk ca~mt`klf `ko c| mzkft|bc~ c| |ffk `| ` |`v|

|sadmh itma bf |mlcm!lvhvt`h ~mck mi ycfz+ _èckj `z`s b` h`ko( mt fyfk `fa~ckj m om |m(

cttf|~flcyf mi zb` bf lma~fk|`cmk a`s df( lb`hhfkjfo bf `vbmtcs mi bf ~`ts m ~tmycof bf

lvhvt`h hfòft|bc~ f|~flc`hhs ck bf tvt`h |mlcfs+

\flmkohs( c b`| dffk ~mckfo mv ds a`ks hfi bckeft| b` `ttmj`klf `ko lma~h`lfklf zcbck bf

~`ts `h|m tf|vhfo ck ~m~vh`t ~tmf|( hfòckj m c| fhflmt`h ofd`lhf "O`` Jv~`( 4>>3#+ Mkf

lmvho `tjvf b` bf|f "`ttmj`klf `ko lma~h`lfklf# tf|vhfo itma ` |fk|f mi omack`cmk `ko km

bfjfamks ck bf Jtà|lc`k |fk|f+ Omack`cmk c| cktck|cl`hhs tfh`fo m bf v|f mi imtlf `ko c|

`~~hcl`cmk imt tf`ckckj lmktmh a`s hfò m ycmhfklf "cdco#+ _bc| b`| dffk ` if`vtf mi bf hfi tvhf

ck Zf| Dfkj`h ck bf zèf mi bf ycmhfklf b` ftv~fo zbfkfyft bf |v~tfa`ls mi bf L^C!A b`|

00Mkf mi bf a`gmt `tjvafk| ~v imtz`to ds bf HI jmyftkafk ck |v~~mt mi ckov|tc`hc|`cmk c| bf i`l b` a`ks

~fm~hf ck bf tvt`h lmaavkcs kmz omk z`k m ~vt|vf ` l`tfft ck `jtclvhvtf imt ` avhc~hclcs mi tf`|mk| "fr~h`ckfo

f`thcft#+ Mkf lmvho |ff `k fhfafk mi lh`|| `k`hs|c| dfbcko bf amcyf imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk( zbclb( `llmtockj m bf hfihfòft|( zmvho fk|vtf b` lft`ck |flcmk mi bf ~m~vh`cmk amyf itma mkf lh`|| t`gflmts m bf mbft c+f+ itma bf

`jtclvhvt`h m bf ckov|tc`h ftt`ck+


23/42

49 `||fadhs fhflcmk| `| `k fkomt|fafk imt c| otcyf imt

ckov|tc`hc|`cmk+ Kmz c c| `ham| fycofk b` bf ~mhh tf|vh| ck i`ymvt mi bf HI ck 4>>9 zftf km

fkomt|fafk imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk ckcc`fo ds bf ~`ts imhhmzckj kfm!hcdft`h ~`b `ko tf|vhckj ck

frlhv|cmk+ Ck i`l( mkf lmvho `tjvf b` bf ~mhh mvlmaf z`| ztmkjhs ckft~tffo `| ` ~m~vh`t

|v~~mt ck i`ymvt mi bf ~`b imhhmzfo ds bf HI imt ckov|tc`hc|`cmk

@hbmvjb bf cafitàf mi mvt lvttfk `k`hs|c| c| oc|cklhs ociiftfk itma bf bfmtfcl`h lmk|tvl

v|fo ds Jvb` sf mkf lmvho cofkcis |maf |cach`tcs dfzffk bf |cv`cmk mi lmhmkc`h Ckoc` `ko b`

zbclb ~tfy`chfo ` K`kocjtà `ko \ckjvt+04

04_bf oc|cklcmk hcf| ck bf i`l b` Jvb` cofkcicf| bf omack`klf!|vdmtock`cmk tfh`cmk|bc~ ck bf lmkfr mi `

cafitàf( zbftf bf tmhf mi l`~c`h z`| a`tjck`h ck bf amof mi ~tmovlcmk `ko ck bf lvttfk lmkfr l`~c`h c| `hh~fty`|cyf+


24/42

4?

Ck bf itàfzmte mi |vlb `k `k`hs|c| mkf lmvho `h|m |ff bf ~m~vh`t ~tmf| b` imhhmzfo h`ko

`lpvc|ccmk `| tf|c|`klf "B`skf| ) ^tè`|b( 03305 ~~ 0!>:5

~7 46?#+

Ck lmkt`| m bf tòccmk`h A`trc| ~mhccl`h flmkmas `k`hs|c| mi vkoftofyfhm~afk tf|vhckj itma

fr~hmc`cmk "ds z`s mi frt`lcmk `ko `~~tm~tc`cmk mi |vt~hv|#( \`ks`h cofkcicf| bf `dchcs mi

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0>2( ~7

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ds bf Ckoc`k hfi+

?+? Kfz \mlc`h Amyfafk| `ko @k`jmkc|a7

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immo( fa~hmsafk jv`t`kff mt f`|s ltfoc itma bf jmyftkafk mt kmk!jmyftkafk`h mtj`kc|`cmk| c| `cafo `

lma~fk|`ckj imt bf kfj`cyf ca~`l b` ~tcaccyf `llvavh`cmk acjb b`yf bò mk bfa+

09Dsjmyftkafk`hcs( C tfift m ~tmovlcmk mi lccwfk| ds bf |`f `ko t`k|ifttckj m bfa bf tcjb| mi bf lccwfkts+


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|vdyft|cyf mi ofamlt`ls+ Bftf C `h|m dtckj ck bf avhc~hf |vdgflcyccf| mi ckocycov`h| `|

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amyfafk|+

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itma bf `k`jmkc|a mi y`tcmv| |mlc`h amyfafk|( "`j`ck| mkf mt amtf omack`k imta`cmk|#

zbclb `tf ` ~h`s ` ociiftfk |mlcf`h hfyfh|+ Ociiftfk |mlc`h amyfafk| a`s b`yf ocyft|f

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imta`cmk "bftf bf HI jmyftkafk#+ "D`yc|e`t( 4>>6( ~~7 096#+

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mi amyfafk+

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bf ~m~vh`t ~tmf|+


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Lb`~ft 6

Lcych \mlcfs `ko ^m~vh`t ^tmf|

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mi K`kocjtà+

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6+0Dfkj`hc Ckfhhflv`h| `ko bf Hfi7

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033>( ~~7 4:>!4:0#( bv| ~tfifttckj m a`ck`ck ` oc|ckl cofkcs+


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Bc|mtcl`hhs( Lmkjtf|| kfyft bò ` |tmkj immbmho ck Dfkj`h `ko ` h`tjf |flcmk mi bf Dfkj`hc fhcf

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Dfkj`hc|+

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`h|m zfhh ekmzk "Jvb` 4>>25 ~7 09


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6+4 Ckfhhflv`h| `ko Lhcfkfhc|a7

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`ko zftf v|fo m dmm| ~m~vh`t |v~~mt imt bf ~`ts ck bf tvt`h `tf`| "Db``lb`ts`( 4>0>( ~7 66#+


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Bmzfyft( bf kfz dtffo mi ckfhhflv`h| `ko ~tmif||cmk`h|( zbclb lbm|f m a`ck`ck bfct ~tmrcacs

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>4#+ Ckoc` Vkdmvko+ Hmkomk7 ^tmichf Dmme| Ho+( 4>>4+

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Tfjcaf=( Flmkmacl ) ^mhccl`h Zffehs( Ymh+ ?6( Km+ 0>( ~~7 60!63+


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>3#+ _bf Lmackj mi Ltc|c| ck Zf| Dfkj`h( Flmkmacl ) ^mhccl`h Zffehs(Ymh+ ??( Km+ 3( Ifdtv`ts 42 A`tlb 9( 4>>3( ~~7 ?4!?6+

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?#( Lbcl`jm7 Vkcyft|cs mi Chhckmc| ^tf||( 0322+

Zfd Tfiftfklf|7

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9( 4>>:+ "b~7--zzz+`k`ko`d`w`t+lma-`tlbcyf-0>:>3>9-9foc0>+

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`llf||fo mk @vjv| 0:( 4>0>+

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`llf||fo mk @vjv| 0:( 4>0>+

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mk @vjv| 40( 4>0>+

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@vjv| 40( 4>0>+

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`llf||fo mk \f~fadft 04( 4>0>+

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Itmk km hmkjft kffo| bf ~mmt ~f`|`k(@k`ko`d`w`t ^`tce`( Emhe``( \f~fadft :( 4>>9+"b~7--zzz+`k`ko`d`w`t+lma-`tlbcyf-0>9>3>:-:foc?+ba#( `llf||fo mk \f~fadft 6( 4>0>+
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/dec/21/india.worldhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1080523/23raj1.htmhttp://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?228547http://www.telegraphindia.com/archives/archive.htmlhttp://pd.cpim.org/2006/1015/10152006_citu.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1070621/21edit3.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1060607/7edit4.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1080520/20edit3.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1090529/29edit3.htmhttp://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?265692http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007052000911600.htm&date=2007/05/20/&prd=op&http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007052000911600.htm&date=2007/05/20/&prd=op&http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007052000911600.htm&date=2007/05/20/&prd=op&http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007052000911600.htm&date=2007/05/20/&prd=op&http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?265692http://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1090529/29edit3.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1080520/20edit3.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1060607/7edit4.htmhttp://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1070621/21edit3.htmhttp://pd.cpim.org/2006/1015/10152006_citu.htmhttp://www.telegraphindia.com/archives/archive.htmlhttp://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?228547http://www.anandabazar.com/archive/1080523/23raj1.htmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/dec/21/india.world


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Mbft Tfiftfklf|7

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'D`kftgff \va`k`+

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\va`k` D`kftgff c| ` lmhvakc| `ko `vbmt+ Bf c| df| ekmzk imt bc| dmme7 Ck bf Zèf mi

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tfjvh`t lmhvakc| `ko `vbmt+ @ Octflmt mi bf ^tmjtàaf ck \mlc`h `ko ^mhccl`h _bfmts
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Crisis of the Left in West Bengal